Unit 5 Learning from Nature Starting out & Understanding ideas 分级课时练习-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以“Learning from Nature”为主题，采用A级（基础）与B级（提升）分层设计，通过词汇语法夯实、写作应用进阶及语篇理解深化，构建从语言知识到综合能力的巩固路径，适配新授课教学需求，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|核心词汇（如frontiers, dioxide）、基础语法（词性转换、介词搭配）、基础写作（单句及情景微写作）|结合高考真题（2022/2023全国卷），强调基础知识精准落实，通过单句到篇章的写作训练提升语言表达能力| |B级|语篇理解（环保、仿生学主题）、词汇拓展（如distribute, generate）、长难句分析|选取真实情境语篇（西班牙橙子发电项目、燕子仿生研究），通过阅读理解与知识积累卡结合，培养信息提取与逻辑分析能力，渗透文化意识与学习能力|

Unit 5　Learning from Nature Starting out & Understanding ideas A级 必备知识基础 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Astronomers continue to push the f　　　　　 of space exploration,searching for habitable exoplanets.  2.(2022全国甲卷)Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks,　　　　　　(极好的) beaches,and a culturally diverse population.  3.(2023全国乙卷)There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases,such as carbon 　　　　　　(二氧化物).  4.After the flood,the beavers worked nonstop to rebuild their mud 　　　　　　(土堆) and repair their dams.  5.Many harmless species 　　　　　　(模仿) the appearance of poisonous animals to avoid being hunted by predators.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The 　　　　　　　 (architect) of the ancient temple,with its perfect symmetry and delicate carvings,has won widespread praise.  2.The 　　　　　　(convert) of the old factory into a community library has given the space a new life.  3.The school promised to respond 　　　　　students’ suggestions about improving the learning environment.  4.The local people celebrate the harvest festival a traditional way,singing folk songs and preparing special food. 5.The new park is built 　　　　　　harmony with the surrounding hills,creating a peaceful and beautiful landscape.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.很多人常常在生病之前,都把健康视为理所当然。 Many people often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　until they fall ill.  2.正是那次乡村之旅,让我学会了珍惜简单生活中的美好。(强调句型) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 learn to value the beauty in simple life.  3.这位科学家写了一本关于环保的书,这本书的观点启发了无数年轻人。(“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句) The scientist wrote a book about environmental protection,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.当他在山间徒步时,偶然发现了一处隐藏的瀑布。(状语从句的省略) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he came across a hidden waterfall.  5.坚持阅读英文原著是提升语言能力的有效方法。(动词-ing形式作主语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is an effective way to improve language skills.  Ⅳ.情景微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.多年来,人类一直理所当然地享用着大自然的资源。(take...for granted) For years,humans 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.他们污染河流,毫不犹豫地砍伐森林,而且不加珍惜地过度利用自然资源。 They polluted rivers,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and overused natural resources without care.  3.当极端天气和野生动物灭绝开始威胁到我们的生存时,我们终于开始应对这一紧迫的局面。(respond to) When extreme weather and wildlife extinction started to threaten our existence,we finally 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.意识到我们的生存应该建立在尊重自然的基础之上,我们必须共同努力,将有害的行为转变为可持续的方式。(be based on,convert...into) Realizing that our survival should 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we must make joint efforts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.只有与自然和谐相处,我们才能重建一个平衡的生态系统,并为子孙后代确保一个健康的地球。(in harmony with) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can we rebuild a balanced ecosystem and ensure a healthy planet for future generations.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的“倡议书”的应用文片段(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B级 能力素养提升 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2026广东东莞高二下阶段检测) The over 48,000 orange trees that are distributed at all corners of Seville,Spain,not only fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell of their flowers in spring,they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter.Though that makes the city Europe’s top orange-producing city,the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh.While some of the produce is used to make orange juice,most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills.However,that may change soon thanks to a creative idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy. In the pilot program,juice from 38.6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment(发酵) in an existing biogas facility.The juice is fructose(果糖) made up of very short carbon chains,and the energetic performance of these carbon chains during the fermentation process is particularly high.The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to drive a generator to produce clean power.The officials estimate the test run will generate about 1,500 kwh of energy—enough to run a water purification plant.“It’s not just about saving money.The oranges are a problem for the city,and we’re producing added value from waste,”said Benigno Lopez,the head of Emasesa’s environmental department. If successful,the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity generated back to its grid(电网).In trial runs,1,000 kilos(2,200 pounds) of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to meet the daily electricity needs of five homes.The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled,it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences. The latest effort is among the many programs implemented in Spain to achieve the country’s goal of switching its electricity system to renewable sources by 2050—and if everything goes according to the plan,fully decarbonizing its economy shortly after that. 1.What problem does Seville face? A.It is short of energy. B.Most oranges are wasted. C.Fruit production is falling. D.Trees take up much space. 2.What’s the final product of the fermentation process? A.Fructose.　　　　　　 B.Carbon chains. C.Clean power. D.Gas. 3.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A.To prove a theory. B.To raise a problem. C.To introduce a project. D.To comment on an idea. B (2026浙江高二下期中) As a scientist studying biomimicry(仿生学),Dr.Elena Reed spent hours in her laboratory,but her greatest inspiration came from the outside.One morning,while walking in a park,she noticed a group of swallows flying swiftly through the trees.They never crashed into branches,even when flying at high speed.“How do they do that?” she wondered. Elena decided to observe the swallows more closely.She set up a small camera near a nest and recorded their flight for weeks.She discovered that the swallows had a special way of seeing.Their eyes could notice tiny movements and judge distances very quickly.This helped them change direction in a flash.Elena realized that this ability could be useful for technology. Back in her lab,Elena and her team worked hard to create a small sensor that copied the swallow’s vision system.They tested it on a mini-drone.The drone,equipped with the new sensor,could fly through a maze of obstacles without hitting any.It was a success!Elena’s invention,inspired by birds,made drones safer and more efficient.Her story shows how observing nature can lead to amazing scientific advances. 4.What was Dr.Elena Reed’s main interest as a scientist? A.Studying different kinds of birds in the forest. B.Creating new cameras for recording animals. C.Learning from nature to develop technology(biomimicry). D.Building faster drones for racing. 5.What did Elena discover about swallows’ eyes? A.They could see colors humans cannot. B.They could notice small movements and judge distances quickly. C.They were much bigger than other birds’ eyes. D.They helped swallows fly longer without resting. 6.What does the word “obstacles” in the third paragraph most probably mean? A.Things that help movement. B.Things that are easy to pass. C.Things that block the way. D.Things that are very small. 7.What is the best title for this passage? A.A New Drone Invention B.The Life of Swallows C.How Birds Fly Safely D.Nature’s Idea for Science 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.distribute v.　　　　　　　　　　　  2.generate v.　　　　　　　　　　　  3.purification n.　　　　　　　  4.efficient adj.　　　　　  二、熟词生义 plant　本文义:n.　　　　  其他义:v.　　　　  三、词块速记 1.release from 　　　　　　　　　　  2.meet the need of 　　　　　　　　　　  3.switch...to... 　　　　　　　　　　  4.in a flash 　　　　　　　　　　　  四、长难句分析 One morning,while walking in a park,she noticed a group of swallows flying swiftly through the trees. 分析:这是一个包含非谓语动词短语的句子。主干是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;while walking in a park 是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　形式;flying swiftly through the trees 是现在分词短语作　　　　　　　　　　。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.frontiers　2.superb　3.dioxide　4.mounds　5.mimic Ⅱ.1.architecture　2.conversion　3.to　4.in　5.in Ⅲ.1.take their health for granted 2.It was that trip to the countryside that made me 3.in which the ideas have inspired countless young people 4.While hiking in the mountains 5.Keeping on reading original English works Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.took nature’s resources for granted　2.cut down forests without hesitation　3.began to respond to the urgent situation 4.be based on respecting nature;to convert harmful practices into sustainable methods　5.Only by living in harmony with nature Activity 2 For years,humans took nature’s resources for granted,polluting rivers,cutting down forests without hesitation,and overusing natural resources without care.When extreme weather and wildlife extinction started to threaten our existence,we finally began to respond to the urgent situation.Realizing that our survival should be based on respecting nature,we must make joint efforts to convert harmful practices into sustainable methods.Only by living in harmony with nature can we rebuild a balanced ecosystem and ensure a healthy planet for future generations. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塞维利亚利用橙子发酵产气发电的环保项目。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“While some of the produce is used to make orange juice,most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills.”可知,塞维利亚面临的问题是大部分橙子都被浪费了。故选B项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to drive a generator to produce clean power.”可知,发酵过程的最终产物是气体,这些气体被用来发电。 3.C　推理判断题。通读全文,特别是第一段中“Though that makes the city Europe’s top orange-producing city,the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh.While some of the produce is used to make orange juice,most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills.However,that may change soon thanks to a creative idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.”可知,文章主要介绍了塞维利亚利用橙子发酵产气发电的环保项目,包括项目的实施方式、预期效果以及未来的规划等。因此,作者的主要目的是介绍一个项目。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家受燕子启发发明新技术的故事。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a scientist studying biomimicry,Dr.Elena Reed spent hours in her laboratory,but her greatest inspiration came from the outside.”以及后文描述她从燕子身上获得灵感并发明新技术和第三段中“Her story shows how observing nature can lead to amazing scientific advances.”可知,Elena Reed博士作为科学家的主要兴趣是从自然中学习以发展技术(仿生学)。故选C项。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“She discovered that the swallows had a special way of seeing.Their eyes could notice tiny movements and judge distances very quickly.”可知,Elena发现燕子的眼睛能注意到微小的动作并迅速判断距离。故选B项。 6.C　词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The drone,equipped with the new sensor,could fly through a maze of obstacles without hitting any.”可知,无人机配备新传感器后能飞过障碍物迷宫而不撞到任何东西,由此可推断“obstacles”意为“挡住道路的东西”。故选C项。 7.D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是最后一段中“Her story shows how observing nature can lead to amazing scientific advances.”可知,文章主要讲述了Elena从自然中获得灵感并发明新技术,展示了自然对科学的启发。D选项“自然给科学的启示”最贴合全文主旨,是文章的最佳标题。故选D项。 知识积累卡 一、1.分配;分发;分布　2.产生;生成　3.净化;提纯 4.高效的 二、工厂　种植 三、1.从……释放　2.满足……的需求　3.把……转换到……　4.一瞬间;顷刻间 四、she noticed a group of swallows flying swiftly through the trees　时间状语从句的省略　宾语补足语 一天早上,她在公园里散步时,注意到一群燕子在树林间快速地飞掠而过。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $