Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“外刊拓展+多题型专练”为核心，通过词汇语法解析、分层题型训练及迁移应用，系统培养语言能力与思维品质的单元复习专项。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇（Psychologies）|核心词汇（20个）、长难句语法结构分析|从阅读输入到词汇语法内化，奠定语言基础| |培优提升篇|8篇（含阅读、七选五等4类题型）|多题型专项训练，聚焦细节理解与逻辑推理|题型与方法对应，提升思维品质与解题能力| |迁移应用篇|好词积累+应用文+读后续写|语言知识迁移与输出能力培养|从知识到应用，强化学习能力与文化意识|

Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B Passage 2 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C Passage 3 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 4 1．F 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．D Passage 5 1．E 2．C 3．F 4．B 5．G Passage 6 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B Passage 7 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D Passage 8 1．used 2．it 3．where 4．difficulties 5．truly 6．has become 7．awareness 8．on/at 9．using 10．to accept 迁移应用篇 一、好词积累 1）词汇必备 1. frustration 2. persistent 3. overcome 4. endure 5. breakthrough 6. challenge 7. persevere 8. surpass 9. dilemma 10. resilience 11. recover 12. strive 2）短语必备 1. face setbacks squarely 2. stick to one’s dream3. draw strength from failures 4. break through one’s limits 5. rise above difficulties 6. shape a better self 二、应用文写作 Every Setback Is a Test for Us Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic: Every Setback Is a Test for Us. As we all know, everyone will face some setbacks every now and then. I came across many setbacks in my study and life. I failed in my physics final exam when I was in Senior One. Knowing the result, I cried hard. I analyzed the situation and studied harder. Finally, I became good at physics. In my opinion, when setbacks happen, we should be brave and stay optimistic. It is a good way to relieve the pain by turning to our trusted ones for comfort, watching a funny movie, listening to music or visiting a beautiful place. Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life and every setback is a test for us. I absolutely believe that we need to face the setbacks bravely and learn from them. Only the one who passes the test can succeed. Thanks for your Listening. 三、读后续写 The next morning, I told my parents about my decision. “I’m going to change,” I said, my voice trembling but firm. My mother’s eyes filled with tears of relief, and my father gave me a rare, warm smile. “We’ll help you,” he said softly. Together, we drew up a new daily schedule, which included three proper meals, eight hours of sleep, and a thirty-minute walk every evening. For the first time in months, I actually looked forward to the day ahead instead of dreading the exhaustion that awaited me. The following months, I slowly began to rebuild my life and health. I started each morning with a nutritious breakfast instead of coffee. I joined my friends for basketball on weekends, laughing and sweating under the sun. To my surprise, my grades didn’t drop. In fact, they improved because I studied with a clear mind and a rested body. I learned that health is not something to give up for success — it is what makes success possible. My grandfather’s words, “Health is the real wealth,” finally made sense to me. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：Psychologies）In a culture wired for fear, outrage, and exhaustion, the natural path is to sink into the gloom. But what are we missing out on? When I was little, my big sister once decided to test me. I didn't know it at the time, but I was essentially her five-year-old psychological guinea pig. She was 10 years older, and already aware of the kind of questions adults like to dress up as philosophy. I wasn't. She poured a glass of milk, drank half of it, and held it up in front of me. "Is it half full, or half empty?" I remember being annoyed before I even really considered the question. Partly because it felt like a trick, but mostly because I thought the milk was for me and she'd just ruined it. It felt like a slightly irritating philosophical ambush. I remember looking at the glass properly and saying it was half empty. Because it was: it had been full, and now it wasn't. Only later did I realise she already knew what she was looking for. It wasn't really about the milk. It was the classic optimism test — one of those small psychological indicators people use without saying so out loud. She was watching how I looked at the same reality she was looking at. I just didn't know I was being observed. Of course, it wasn't really about milk at all. It was about framing — about whether our attention defaults to what is absent, or what is there. That distinction feels less like childhood psychology now, and more like something we are all being asked every day. Because right now, there's a strange social pressure to expect the worst. Scroll through the news for five minutes and the emotional weather is unmistakable: collapse, outrage, crisis, disaster, scandal. Every headline competes for attention by amplifying the sense of urgency. Every algorithm rewards emotional intensity. Social-media platforms do not thrive on calm perspective — they thrive on vigilance, anger and fear. And after years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation, many people have adapted by becoming emotionally defensive. Cynicism has started to masquerade as intelligence. Exhaustion has become a kind of social currency. But if that's what you do, something subtle happens. The world doesn't just feel harder — it starts to feel fixed. Difficulty and fear become not a phase, but a baseline. And once that belief takes hold, it changes how you live. You pull back. You expect less. You assume less. You risk less. Which is why optimism matters here — not as cheerfulness, and not as denial, but as a better way to live your life. A refusal to let the worst interpretation become the only available one. Pessimism filters what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible. And optimism — even in small, imperfect forms — interrupts that filter. 【全文翻译】 在一种充斥着恐惧、愤怒与疲惫的文化环境中，人很容易顺势陷入消沉阴郁。可我们又错过了什么呢？ 小时候，姐姐曾想考考我。当时我浑然不知，自己差不多成了她五岁的心理实验对象。 她比我大十岁，早已懂得成年人会把一些问题包装成哲学思辨，而我却一无所知。 她倒了一杯牛奶，喝掉一半，举到我面前：“杯子是半满，还是半空？” 我记得，还没认真思考问题，我就已经心生不悦。一方面觉得这是个圈套，但更主要的是，我本以为这杯牛奶是给我的，结果被她喝掉了。这简直是一场有点恼人的哲学突袭。 我记得我认真看了看杯子，回答说杯子是半空的。事实本就如此：它原本是满的，现在却不是了。 后来我才明白，她早就在等待我的答案。这道题的核心根本不在于牛奶。这是经典的乐观心态测试 —— 一种人们心照不宣使用的微小心理参照。 她在观察，面对同一个客观事实，我会持何种视角。只是我当时并不知道自己正在被观察。当然，这和牛奶毫无关系。关键在于认知框架：我们的注意力，是本能聚焦于已然失去的东西，还是尚存的事物。 如今，这种差异早已不只是孩童时代的心理小游戏，反倒成了我们每个人每天都要面对的命题。 当下社会有一种诡异的舆论压力，驱使人们凡事往坏处想。随便浏览五分钟新闻，扑面而来的情绪基调一目了然：崩塌、愤慨、危机、灾难、丑闻。 每一则新闻标题，都靠放大紧迫感争夺大众眼球。各类算法也偏爱高情绪强度的内容。社交媒体平台并不依靠理性平和的观点蓬勃发展，它们赖以生存的是戒备、怒火与恐惧。 历经连年的政局动荡、经济前景不明、身心耗竭、气候焦虑以及文化撕裂之后，许多人选择筑起情绪防线来自我适应。愤世嫉俗开始伪装成睿智通透，身心疲惫反倒成了一种社交谈资。 可一旦陷入这种状态，一些潜移默化的改变就会发生。世界不只是让人觉得艰难，更会让人认定现状无法改变。困境与恐惧不再是一段暂时的经历，而变成生活的基准常态。一旦这种想法扎根，就会重塑你的生活方式：你会退缩，期待变少，设想变少，敢于尝试冒险的事也越来越少。 这正是乐观之所以重要的原因。乐观不等于盲目开心，也不是否认现实，而是一种更优质的生活方式：拒绝让最坏的解读，成为看待事物的唯一方式。 悲观会过滤我们所见、所想，以及我们眼中一切尚存可能性的事物。而乐观 —— 即便只是微弱、并不完美的乐观 —— 能够打破这层悲观滤镜。 【核心词汇】 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①gloom n. 忧郁；阴暗 ②guinea pig n. 实验对象 ③dress up 装扮；伪装 ④irritating adj. 恼人的；使人愤怒的 ⑤ambush n. 伏击；埋伏 ⑥indicator n. 指示物；指标 ⑦framing n. 框架；取景方式 ⑧unmistakable adj. 明显的；不会弄错的 ⑨amplify v. 放大；增强 ⑩algorithm n. 算法 ⑪vigilance n. 警觉；警戒 ⑫burnout n. 倦怠；精疲力竭 ⑬cynicism n. 愤世嫉俗；怀疑主义 ⑭masquerade v. 伪装；冒充 ⑮baseline n. 基线；基础 ⑯optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 ⑰cheerfulness n. 高兴；快乐 ⑱denial n. 否认；拒绝承认 ⑲pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义 ⑳filter v. 过滤；筛选 【长难句分析】 1.And after years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation, many people have adapted by becoming emotionally defensive. 句意： 经过多年的政治不稳定、经济不确定、身心疲惫、气候焦虑和文化分裂，许多人已经通过在情感上采取防御姿态来适应这种情况。 分析：本句是主谓宾结构。After years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation是时间状语，其中of后面的内容是并列的名词短语，作后置定语修饰years。many people是主语，have adapted是谓语，by becoming emotionally defensive是方式状语。 2. Pessimism filters what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible. 句意：悲观主义会过滤掉我们所注意到的、我们所想象的以及我们认为仍然可能的事情。 分析：本句是主谓宾结构。Pessimism是主语，filters是谓语。what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible是并列的宾语从句，作filters的宾语。在每个宾语从句中，we是主语，notice、imagine和think是谓语动词。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Just being smart doesn’t guarantee someone will be successful. And just being less smart doesn’t mean that the person will fail. That’s one take-home message from the work of people like Angela Duckworth. She works at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Like many other researchers, Duckworth wondered what makes one person more successful than another. When digging deeper, Duckworth found that the people who performed best shared a quality (品质) independent of smarts. They had what she now calls perseverance. Duckworth developed a set of questions to test it. In one study of people aged 25 and above, she found that as people age, they become more likely to stick with a project. She also found that perseverance increases with education. People who had finished college scored higher in the perseverance test than people who quit before graduation did. People who went to graduate school after college scored even higher. She then did another study with college students. Duckworth wanted to see how smarts and perseverance influenced performance in school. So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the perseverance test. Students with higher grades seem to have more perseverance. That’s not surprising. Getting good grades takes both smarts and hard work. But some people counter that this perseverance means success. Among those people is Marcus Credé, a teacher at Iowa State University in Ames. He recently showed the results of 88 studies on perseverance. Together, nearly 67,000 people took part in these studies. And perseverance did not predict success, Credé found.    Nevertheless, he thinks perseverance is very similar to someone’s ability to set goals, work toward them and think things through before acting. It’s a basic personality quality, Credé notes — not something that can be changed.     “Study habits and skills, test anxiety and class attendance are far more strongly connected with school grades than perseverance,” Credé says. “We can teach students how to study well. We can help them with their test anxiety,” he adds. “I’m not sure we can do that with perseverance.” 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Smart people may not succeed. B．Success has nothing to do with smarts. C．Perseverance is a quality dependent on smarts. D．Perseverance decides how smart one might be. 2．What might influence a person’s perseverance according to Angela Duckworth’s findings? A．Lifestyles. B．Family tradition. C．Education. D．Personality types. 3．What does the underlined word “counter” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Warn. B．Reply. C．Accept. D．Doubt. 4．What is Credé’s opinion about perseverance? A．It is strongly related to test anxiety. B．It can hardly be taught in school. C．It should be paid no attention to in teaching. D．It can’t influence students’ school grades. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要讨论的是毅力与成功之间的关系，以及不同研究者对此的不同观点。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just being smart doesn’t guarantee someone will be successful. And just being less smart doesn’t mean that the person will fail. (仅仅聪明并不能保证某人就会成功。而且仅仅不太聪明也不意味着这个人就会失败。)”可知，聪明的人也可能不会成功。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“She also found that perseverance increases with education. (她还发现毅力随着教育程度的提高而增加。)”可知，教育可能影响一个人的毅力。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the perseverance test. Students with higher grades seem to have more perseverance. (因此，她将测试智商的大学入学考试的分数与学校成绩和某人在毅力测试中的分数进行了比较。成绩越高的学生似乎更有毅力。)”可知，Angela Duckworth的研究发现毅力和成功有很大关系，再结合划线词前的But可知，此处有转折。由此推知，一些人反对毅力意味着成功这个观点，counter意思应该是“反对，质疑”，与doubt意思相近。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘Study habits and skills, test anxiety and class attendance are far more strongly connected with school grades than perseverance,’ Credé says. ‘We can teach students how to study well. We can help them with their test anxiety,’ he adds. ‘I’m not sure we can do that with perseverance.’ (‘学习习惯和技能、考试焦虑和出勤率与学校成绩的联系远比毅力更紧密，’克雷德说。‘我们可以教学生如何好好学习。我们可以帮助他们应对考试焦虑，’他补充道。‘我不确定我们能否对毅力做到这一点。’)”可知，克雷德认为毅力很难在学校中被教授。 Passage 2 New research suggests people may not always want help in sticking to their New Year’s resolutions, challenging the common view of a “planner-doer” conflict in behavioral science. A team from UK and German universities surveyed 240 adults to explore how people identify with their “planner” (self-control-focused) and “doer” (desire-driven) selves. Published in Behavioral Public Policy, the study found that while participants differed in the relative importance they attached to desire and self-control, overall, attitudes in favour of desire were almost as common as attitudes in favour of self-control. Public policies designed to “push” people towards healthy lifestyles are often based on the grounds that people think of their planners as their true selves and dislike the actions of their doers. However, in their study published today in the journal Behavioral Public Policy, the authors argue this assumption overlooks the possibility that people value desire as well as self-control and approve of their own flexible attitudes to resolutions. Robert Sugden, a professor of economics at UEA, said, “Our key message is not about whether pushes towards healthy lifestyles are good for people’s long-term health or happiness. It is about whether such pushes can be based on the grounds that they help individuals to overcome what they themselves acknowledge as self-control problems.” For example, respondents favored desire for sugary drinks or desserts yet prioritized self-control for exercise — viewing small indulgences (放纵) as positive expressions of desire. In the online survey, participants recalled either a joyful meal or a satisfying health effort, then expressed their opinions about self-control and desire. Surprisingly, the differences in recalled episode didn’t significantly affect their attitudes. Most agreed both long-term planning and occasional small joys were important. The study concludes identifying when people want help with self-control is more complex than thought, emphasizing that desires deserve equal attention. Breaking a health-oriented resolution by ordering a dessert is perhaps a more positive way than not taking one’s daily run on a wet day. 1．What does the “planner-doer” conflict refer to? A．The difference between formal and informal help. B．The conflict between individual and public interests. C．The contrast between past experiences and future plans. D．The gap between long-term goals and short-term desires. 2．Why do public policies “push” people toward healthy lifestyles? A．To promote desire in daily life. B．To reduce social pressure on individuals. C．To help people overcome self-control problems. D．To balance short-term joys and long-term health 3．What did the study find about desire? A．It is valued almost as much as self-control. B．It is strongly influenced by past experiences. C．It is less important than self-control for health. D．It is mainly expressed through skipping exercise. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．All people regret breaking their New Year’s resolutions. B．Small indulgences are seen as harmful by most participants. C．The “push” policies may not agree with people’s actual needs. D．Past happy meals make people less likely to value self-control. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新的研究表明人们在坚持新年决心时不一定总需要帮助，“计划者-执行者”冲突比想象中复杂。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests people may not always want help in sticking to their New Year’s resolutions, challenging the common view of a “planner-doer” conflict in behavioral science.(新的研究表明，人们在坚持新年决心时可能并不总是需要帮助，这对行为科学中“计划者-执行者”冲突的普遍观点提出了挑战)”以及第二段“A team from UK and German universities surveyed 240 adults to explore how people identify with their “planner” (self-control-focused) and “doer” (desire-driven) selves.(一个来自英国和德国大学的团队对240名成年人进行了调查，以探究人们如何认同自己的“计划者”（以自我控制为中心）和“执行者”（以欲望驱动）身份)”可知，“计划者-执行者”冲突指的是长期目标与短期欲望之间的差距。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Public policies designed to “push” people towards healthy lifestyles are often based on the grounds that people think of their planners as their true selves and dislike the actions of their doers.(旨在“推动”人们走向健康生活方式的公共政策，往往是基于人们认为自己的计划者才是真正的自我，而不喜欢执行者的行为)”以及第四段“It is about whether such pushes can be based on the grounds that they help individuals to overcome what they themselves acknowledge as self-control problems.(问题是，这种推动是否可以基于它们帮助个人克服他们自己承认的自我控制问题)”可知，公共政策推动人们走向健康生活方式是为了帮助人们克服自我控制问题。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Published in Behavioral Public Policy, the study found that while participants differed in the relative importance they attached to desire and self-control, overall, attitudes in favour of desire were almost as common as attitudes in favour of self-control.(发表在《行为公共政策》上，这个研究发现，虽然参与者对欲望和自我控制的重视程度不同，但总体而言，支持欲望的态度和支持自我控制的态度几乎同样普遍)”可知，研究发现欲望几乎和自我控制一样受到重视。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, in their study published today in the journal Behavioral Public Policy, the authors argue this assumption overlooks the possibility that people value desire as well as self-control and approve of their own flexible attitudes to resolutions.(然而，在今天发表在《行为公共政策》杂志上的研究中，作者认为这一假设忽略了人们既重视欲望又重视自我控制，并认可自己对决心持灵活态度的可能性)”以及最后一段“The study concludes identifying when people want help with self-control is more complex than thought, emphasizing that desires deserve equal attention.(研究得出结论，确定人们何时需要自我控制方面的帮助比想象中更为复杂，强调欲望同样值得关注)”可推断出，“推动”政策可能并不符合人们的实际需求。故选C。 Passage 3 A pioneering new study links satellite and brain imaging data to identify how environmental factors can affect mental health, cognition (认知) and brain development in young people. The researchers used a dataset from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, the largest ongoing study on child brain development in the US. They analyzed satellite-based observations, including different types of land cover and land use and the amount of light captured by satellites at night. These data can be combined with neuroimaging (神经影像) and behavioral measures to provide insights. The ABCD dataset provides a unique opportunity for a much deeper understanding of associations between a range of indicators of the complex physical urban environment and their impacts on mental health. This dataset also allows researchers to observe dynamic environmental changes and their impact on mental health over time, and identify specific interventions to boost mental well-being in various communities. The study examined the use of land, considering factors such as light pollution and the number of buildings in an area, in order to understand the social and economic status of the area. The researchers found that places with more light at night and more buildings tended to have lower levels of parental education and household income, while areas with more trees and plants were linked to higher education and income. “The findings highlight the importance of the urban environment to mental health. We see a critical window during childhood and adolescence (青春期) where environmental factors can shape future cognitive and behavioral development,” said Vince Calhoun, the study’s senior author and principal investigator. By combining satellite data and brain imaging, researchers gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors shape the cognitive and behavioral development of young people, which is of great significance for urban planning and public health policies. 1．How was this research conducted? A．By performing data analysis. B．By referring to previous studies. C．By recording behavior measures. D．By carrying out national surveys. 2．Which of the following will contribute to mental well-being? A．Enhancing city street lighting. B．Promoting community development. C．Creating more green spaces in urban areas. D．Increasing high-rise constructions in urban cores. 3．What can we learn about the study from Vince Calhoun’s words in paragraph 5? A．Its aim. B．Its significance. C．Its future direction. D．Its practical application. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The use of satellite imaging in urban planning. B．The benefits of reducing light pollution in cities. C．Urban environment’s influence on youth mental growth. D．Parental education’s role in children’s mental well-being 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项通过结合卫星数据与脑成像数据开展的研究，阐明了城市环境因素对青少年心理健康、认知及大脑发育的影响，及其对城市规划和公共卫生政策的意义。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers used a dataset from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, the largest ongoing study on child brain development in the US. They analyzed satellite-based observations, including different types of land cover and land use and the amount of light captured by satellites at night.(研究人员使用了青少年大脑认知发展研究的数据集，这是美国正在进行的最大的儿童大脑发展研究。他们分析了基于卫星的观测，包括不同类型的土地覆盖和土地利用以及卫星在夜间捕获的光量)”可知，该研究是通过分析数据来进行的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers found that places with more light at night and more buildings tended to have lower levels of parental education and household income, while areas with more trees and plants were linked to higher education and income.(研究人员发现，夜间光照更充足、建筑物更多的地方，父母受教育程度和家庭收入往往较低，而树木和植物较多的地区则与较高的教育程度和收入相关)”以及第五段“The findings highlight the importance of the urban environment to mental health.(这些研究结果凸显了城市环境对心理健康的重要性)”可知，树木和植物较多的区域与较高的教育水平、收入相关，结合首段“A pioneering new study links satellite and brain imaging data to identify how environmental factors can affect mental health, cognition and brain development in young people.(一项开创性的新研究将卫星数据与脑部成像数据相结合，以确定环境因素如何影响年轻人的心理健康、认知能力和大脑发育)”可知，研究核心是城市环境影响心理健康，可推断绿色空间会促进心理健康。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The findings highlight the importance of the urban environment to mental health. We see a critical window during childhood and adolescence where environmental factors can shape future cognitive and behavioral development,(这些研究结果凸显了城市环境对心理健康的重要性。我们发现，在儿童期和青少年时期存在一个关键时期，在此期间环境因素能够塑造未来的认知和行为发展)”可知，我们可以从Vince Calhoun说的话中领悟该研究的核心意义——不仅凸显了城市环境对心理健康的重要性，还指出了儿童期和青少年期是环境塑造认知与行为发展的关键窗口期。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“A pioneering new study links satellite and brain imaging data to identify how environmental factors can affect mental health, cognition and brain development in young people.(一项开创性的新研究将卫星数据与脑部成像数据相结合，以确定环境因素如何影响年轻人的心理健康、认知能力和大脑发育)”和末段“By combining satellite data and brain imaging, researchers gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors shape the cognitive and behavioral development of young people, which is of great significance for urban planning and public health policies.(通过结合卫星数据和脑部成像，研究人员对环境因素如何塑造年轻人的认知和行为发展有了更深入的了解，这对城市规划和公共卫生政策具有重要意义)”可知，本文旨在阐述城市环境对青少年心理成长的影响。故选C。 Passage 4 How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things rarely go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of complicated situations. Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 1 They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training, and being confident about your ability to face challenges. 2 When we learn to solve problems ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence and help us feel more independent and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 3 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself. When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Probe into where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 4 Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. And remember, if you have a complicated problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. 5 A．You also learn what you’re good at. B．Here is how you can be more resourceful. C．These may be practical things like pens and paper. D．No one is expected to solve all problems by himself. E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways. F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire you to move on. G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了什么是足智多谋以及它带来的好处和培养方法。 【详解】1．由上文“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着用聪明和创造性的方式解决问题，使用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”以及下文“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. (它们也可以是有用的其他任何东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经验。)”可知，本空要说资源的具体例子，F选项“They can be famous mottos that always inspire you to move on. (它们可以是始终激励你前进的著名格言。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“They”指代上文的“whatever resources”，且该选项中的“can be”与下文的“can also be”形成“can be...can also be...”的并列递进结构，表示资源的两种类型：激励性的格言和其他有用的东西。 2．由下文“When we learn to solve problems ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence and help us feel more independent and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. (当我们学会自己解决问题而不是立即向他人求助时，这有助于建立我们的信心，让我们感到更独立，对做决定感觉更好。足智多谋可能无法帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何应对它们会让你下次感到压力更小、准备更充分。)”可知，本段主要讲足智多谋的各种好处，E选项“Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways. (足智多谋是一种在很多方面对你有益的技能。)”能引出下文，符合题意，该选项中的“good for you in lots of ways”与下文的“build our confidence”、“feel more independent”、“feel less stressed”等具体好处相呼应，表示本段总述足智多谋的多重益处。 3．由上文“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. (足智多谋可能无法帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何应对它们会让你下次感到压力更小、准备更充分。)”以及下文“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself. (这可以提升自尊，即你对自己的感觉。)”可知，本空要说自己解决问题还能带来的另一个好处，A选项“You also learn what you’re good at. (你也会了解到自己擅长什么。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“also”承接上文的好处，表示递进关系，且该选项中的“learn what you’re good at”与下文的“boost self-esteem”相呼应，表示了解自己的优势有助于提升自尊。 4．由上文“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. (接下来，尽可能多地想出问题的解决方案。)”以及下文“Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. (最后，回顾哪些有效哪些无效，这样你下次就能应对这种情况。)”可知，本空要说在提出多个方案后如何选择，G选项“Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. (权衡每个方案的优缺点并选择最好的。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“each one”指代上文的“as many solutions”，且该选项中的“choose the best”与下文的“review what has and hasn’t worked”形成“选择—执行—回顾”的逻辑链条，表示解决问题的具体步骤。 5．由上文“And remember, if you have a complicated problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. (记住，如果你有一个无法解决的复杂问题，那就向值得信赖的成年人求助。)”可知，本空要说承认自己无法解决所有问题也是正常的，D选项“No one is expected to solve all problems by himself. (没有人被期望独自解决所有问题。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“No one is expected to solve all problems by himself”与上文的“ask a trusted adult for help”相呼应，表示承认局限性并寻求帮助也是足智多谋的一部分，起到总结收束、宽慰读者的作用。 Passage 5 The New Year is a time when people often set resolutions to start a new hobby and exercise more. But rather than always choose something new to do, researchers suggest maybe considering the opposite. “It’s time to reassess at the end of the year ‘ 1 ’” says Rachit Dubey from the University of California, Los Angeles. 2 “It’s human nature to set goals because goals give us direction. Goals represent some desired future end state,” says Dubey. But past goals may have become impractical to work toward. Maybe they feel too hard or they just no longer match what you want for your life now. Continuing to work toward goals that don’t fit can create guilt and stress. Worse still, the time and effort spent trying may prevent you seeing other options. But breaking up with a goal and moving on can be messy and painful. 3 A recent study surveyed over 500 university students over nine months. In the beginning, the team asked participants about a long-term goal they were quitting. To assess inner drive, the team asked participants to rate statements such as, “ 4 ” Statements like “People have been telling me I have to let this goal go” assessed outside pressures to quit. With the study progressing, the team assessed how “stuck” a person was. People who were quitting primarily due to outside pressures tended to get more stuck than those who were self-driven. People don’t just wake up one day, saying, “I’m done” and move on to their next adventure. But what’s clear is that holding on to an outgrown goal can do more harm than good. 5 And finding a new path forward may first require the courage to say, “I think I can’t.” A．I feel torn about letting go of this goal. B．This goal no longer reflects who I am. C．Goals serve an important role in our lives. D．Can I replace my past goals with new achievable ones? E．What is something I don’t need in my life anymore? F．So sometimes, letting go can be tougher than sticking it out. G．Cutting ties can clear space in your life to pursue what matters to you. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍新年目标设定的新观点，建议人们放弃不再适合的旧目标，而非一味追求新目标。 【详解】1．根据前文“The New Year is a time when people often set resolutions to start a new hobby and exercise more. But rather than always choose something new to do, researchers suggest maybe considering the opposite.(新年是人们常常制定计划、培养新爱好、加强锻炼的时刻。但研究人员建议，与其总是选择新的事情去做，不如考虑相反的方向。)”可知，前文提出新年不应只追求新目标，而要反向思考舍弃不再需要的事物，E选项“What is something I don’t need in my life anymore?(生活中还有什么是我不再需要的？)”与前文“考虑相反方向”的观点完全契合，是年末重新评估时应思考的问题，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据后文““It’s human nature to set goals because goals give us direction. Goals represent some desired future end state,” says Dubey.(杜比说：“设定目标是人的天性，因为目标能给我们方向。目标代表着某种理想的未来最终状态。”)”可知，后文详细解释了目标对人的重要作用，C选项“Goals serve an important role in our lives.(目标在我们的生活中起着重要作用。)”总领本段内容，引出后文对目标重要性的具体论述，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据前文“Continuing to work toward goals that don’t fit can create guilt and stress. Worse still, the time and effort spent trying may prevent you seeing other options. But breaking up with a goal and moving on can be messy and painful.(坚持追求不适合的目标会产生愧疚感和压力。更糟糕的是，为此付出的时间和精力可能会让你看不到其他选择。但放弃一个目标并继续前行可能是混乱且痛苦的。)”可知，前文既说了坚持旧目标的危害，又强调了放弃目标的痛苦，F选项“So sometimes, letting go can be tougher than sticking it out.(所以有时候，放手比坚持下去更难。)”是对前文内容的总结，突出放弃目标的难度，符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据前文“To assess inner drive, the team asked participants to rate statements such as,(为了评估内在动力，研究团队让参与者对诸如这样的陈述进行评分)”以及后文“Statements like “People have been telling me I have to let this goal go” assessed outside pressures to quit.(像“人们一直告诉我我必须放弃这个目标”这样的陈述用来评估放弃的外部压力。)”可知，此空需要填写代表内在主动放弃的句子，B选项“This goal no longer reflects who I am.(这个目标不再符合我现在的样子。)”是发自内心的判断，属于内在驱动力，与后文外部压力形成对应，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据前文“But what’s clear is that holding on to an outgrown goal can do more harm than good.(但显而易见的是，坚持一个已经过时的目标弊大于利。)”可知，前文指出死守不再适合的旧目标没有好处，G选项“Cutting ties can clear space in your life to pursue what matters to you.(放弃旧目标能为你的生活腾出空间，去追求对你真正重要的事情。)”说明了放弃旧目标的积极意义，与前文形成逻辑衔接，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 6 My father is a farmer. My family has been 1 for generations. He expects me to 2 the family tradition, but I don’t share his wish. Three years ago, I went to the 3 with my father to visit his friend, who owned a small airline with two light planes. It was the first time that I had seen a real airplane. Knowing I had never flown before, he 4 to take me up. As we took off, I felt so 5 that I almost forgot we would land. All I could think about was making flying my life’s 6 , and how badly I wanted to try it again and again. Whenever he had time, father’s friend would 7 me how to fly and even let me fly alone once. I was 8 to be a pilot, though it meant going against my father. When I turned 18, I decided to tell my father what I wanted to do, but I didn’t want to let him 9 . I didn’t know how to make him 10 my passion (热爱) for flying. “Father, I want to go to college and be a 11 . I might get financial (经济的) aid,” I said in a 12 voice. His silence made me feel uneasy. 13 , he smiled and said, “I’ve been 14 when you’d tell me. I’ve already been 15 money for your college education.” 1．A．flying B．farming C．trading D．teaching 2．A．carry on B．give up C．put off D．turn down 3．A．station B．airport C．market D．school 4．A．refused B．begged C．offered D．pretended 5．A．anxious B．upset C．calm D．excited 6．A．goal B．duty C．hobby D．habit 7．A．teach B．warn C．allow D．order 8．A．hesitant B．unwilling C．determined D．annoyed 9．A．up B．down C．in D．out 10．A．hide B．express C．understand D．control 11．A．driver B．doctor C．teacher D．pilot 12．A．loud B．angry C．low D．proud 13．A．Obviously B．Thankfully C．Unfortunately D．Unexpectedly 14．A．wondering B．asking C．looking D．caring 15．A．lending B．saving C．wasting D．spending 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】文章讲述了出身农民家庭的作者，偶然接触飞机后立志成为飞行员，最终得到父亲理解与支持的故事。    【详解】1．考查名词。句意：我们家世代务农。A. flying飞行；B. farming务农；C. trading贸易；D. teaching教学。根据前文“My father is a farmer.”可知，家庭世代从事农业。 2．考查动词短语。句意：他希望我继承家族传统，但我和他的想法不同。A. carry on继承；继续；B. give up放弃；C. put off推迟；D. turn down拒绝。根据后文“the family tradition”可知，父亲希望作者延续务农的传统。 3．考查名词。句意：三年前，我和父亲去了机场，拜访他的一位朋友，这位朋友拥有一家拥有两架轻型飞机的小型航空公司。A. station车站；B. airport机场；C. market市场；D. school学校。根据后文“who owned a small airline with two light planes”可知，他们去拜访朋友的地方应该是“机场”。 4．考查动词。句意：知道我以前从没坐过飞机，他主动提出带我上天。A. refused拒绝；B. begged乞求；C. offered主动提出；D. pretended假装。根据前文“Knowing I had never flown before.”可知，父亲的朋友好心主动邀请作者体验飞行。 5．考查形容词。句意：起飞时，我兴奋得几乎忘记了我们还要降落。A. anxious焦虑的；B. upset沮丧的；C. calm冷静的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后文“All I could think about was making flying my life’s ____”可知，作者当时非常兴奋。 6．考查名词。句意：我满脑子想的都是把飞行作为我毕生的目标，以及我多么渴望一次又一次地尝试。A. goal目标；B. duty责任；C. hobby爱好；D. habit习惯。根据后文“how badly I wanted to try it again and again”可知，作者想把飞行作为人生目标。 7．考查动词。句意：父亲的朋友一有时间就教我飞行，甚至有一次让我独自驾驶。A. teach教；B. warn警告；C. allow允许；D. order命令。根据后文“how to fly”可知，此处是教作者飞行。 8．考查形容词。句意：我下定决心要成为一名飞行员，尽管这意味着要违背父亲的意愿。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. unwilling不情愿的；C. determined坚定的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据前文“All I could think about was making flying my life’s ____, and how badly I wanted to try it again and again.”可知，作者想要成为飞行员的想法十分坚定。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：18岁时，我决定告诉父亲我的想法，但我不想让他失望。A. up向上；B. down向下；C. in向内；D. out向外。根据前文“He expects me to ____ the family tradition, but I don’t share his wish.”可知，作者担心自己的选择会让父亲失望，固定搭配let sb. down表示“让某人失望”。 10．考查动词。句意：我不知道如何让他理解我对飞行的热爱。A. hide隐藏；B. express表达；C. understand理解；D. control控制。根据前文“He expects me to ____ the family tradition, but I don’t share his wish.”可知，父子二人想法相悖，作者不知如何让父亲接纳并理解自己对飞行的热爱。 11．考查名词。句意：“爸爸，我想上大学，成为一名飞行员。我可能会获得经济援助。”我用低沉的声音说。A. driver司机；B. doctor医生；C. teacher教师；D. pilot飞行员。根据前文“I was ____ to be a pilot”可知，作者想成为飞行员。 12．考查形容词。句意：“爸爸，我想上大学，成为一名飞行员。我可能会获得经济援助。”我用低沉的声音说。A. loud大声的；B. angry生气的；C. low低的；D. proud骄傲的。根据前文“He expects me to ____ the family tradition, but I don’t share his wish.”和“but I didn’t want to let him ____”可知，作者因为害怕父亲失望，说话时小心翼翼，声音很低。 13．考查副词。句意：出乎意料的是，他微笑着说：“我一直在想你什么时候会告诉我。我一直在为你的大学学费存钱。”A. Obviously明显地；B. Thankfully幸好；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据前文“His silence made me feel uneasy”和后文“he smiled”可知，结果出乎意料。 14．考查动词。句意：出乎意料的是，他微笑着说：“我一直在想你什么时候会告诉我。我一直在为你的大学学费存钱。”A. wondering想知道；B. asking询问；C. looking看；D. caring关心。根据后文“when you’d tell me”以及“he smiled”体现的温和态度可知，父亲一直在“想知道”作者何时会坦白心愿。 15．考查动词。句意：出乎意料的是，他微笑着说：“我一直在想你什么时候会告诉我。我一直在为你的大学学费存钱。”A. lending借出；B. saving储蓄；C. wasting浪费；D. spending花费。根据前文“I’ve already been”以及后文“money for your college education.”可知，父亲一直在为作者的大学费用存钱。 Passage 7 I’ll never forget the first moment I truly understood how hard my mother worked. I was 10 years old, and I answered the 1 . “Hi, this is Lorie from the electric company. I’m calling to tell you ...” “Mom? Is that you?” “Okay, thank you, have a great day.” She must have been 2 . My mom worked three jobs. She’s a woman with a lot of pride and more 3 than anyone I’ve ever met. My father died when I was young, and it wasn’t 4 for my mother, who had spent years at home with her children. I never felt like I had less, but I knew how 5 she worked for all we had. Growing up, I 6 if there was anything she couldn’t do. Now I have my own children and there are many nights when I am dead 7 , and I still can’t imagine how my mom did it all. I learned a lot from her 8 , and her success, about ambition (抱负) and what it truly means to 9 it all. This might be the most 10 lesson I’ve learned from my mother: never 11 . Just when it feels like you should give up, 12 harder. You’ll be glad you did. This was especially important for me to 13 when I had children. Suddenly, I realized that my days were more 14 than before. Throw in a bunch of nights with a crying baby and no sleep. But I know at the end of the day I can 15 it just like my mother did. 1．A．phone B．question C．door D．email 2．A．relaxed B．embarrassed C．annoyed D．lucky 3．A．freedom B．respect C．perseverance D．information 4．A．special B．necessary C．painful D．easy 5．A．secretly B．hard C．proudly D．little 6．A．wondered B．knew C．hoped D．guessed 7．A．serious B．wrong C．tired D．curious 8．A．chances B．interests C．memories D．struggles 9．A．understand B．share C．see D．balance 10．A．important B．different C．original D．similar 11．A．slow down B．show off C．give up D．stand out 12．A．play B．train C．push D．search 13．A．learn B．compare C．describe D．record 14．A．meaningful B．difficult C．enjoyable D．boring 15．A．remember B．help C．feel D．make 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲在父亲去世以后，努力养家，让作者学到人生重要一课的故事。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我10岁，我接了电话。A. phone电话；B. question问题；C. door门；D. email邮件。根据后文“I’m calling to tell you”指作者接了电话。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一定很尴尬。A. relaxed放松的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. annoyed生气的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文““Hi, this is Lorie from the electric company. I’m calling to tell you ...” “Mom? Is that you?” “Okay, thank you, have a great day.” (“你好，我是电力公司的洛里。我打电话是想告诉你……”“妈妈？是你吗？”“好的，谢谢你，祝你愉快。”)”指电话那头因为尴尬挂了电话。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是一个非常骄傲的女人，比我见过的任何人都更有毅力。A. freedom自由；B. respect尊重；C. perseverance毅力；D. information信息。根据上文“She’s a woman with a lot of pride and more”以及后文“My father died when I was young”可知，母亲是一个非常骄傲的女人，比作者见过的任何人都更有毅力。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲在我很小的时候就去世了，对我母亲来说，这并不容易，她多年来一直在家照顾她的孩子。A. special特别的；B. necessary必要的；C. painful痛苦的；D. easy容易的。根据后文“for my mother, who had spent years at home with her children”可知，父亲去世对于母亲来说照顾家庭不容易。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有觉得自己少了多少，但我知道她为我们所拥有的一切付出了多少努力。A. secretly秘密地；B. hard努力地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. little少的。根据上文“My mom worked three jobs.(我妈妈打三份工。)”指母亲为了孩子付出努力。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小到大，我一直在想有没有什么是她做不到的。A. wondered想知道；B. knew知道；C. hoped希望；D. guessed猜测。根据后文“if there was anything she couldn’t do”指作者想知道母亲能力的极限。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我有了自己的孩子，很多晚上我都累得要死，但我仍然无法想象妈妈是怎么做到的。A. serious严肃的；B. wrong错误的；C. tired疲惫的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“I have my own children and there are many nights when I am”指作者有了孩子以后十分疲惫。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从她的奋斗和成功中学到了很多，关于抱负和平衡这一切的真正含义。A. chances机会；B. interests兴趣；C. memories记忆；D. struggles努力。根据后文“and her success”以及上文母亲为了养活孩子付出了很多努力，所以是指母亲的奋斗和成功。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从她的奋斗和成功中学到了很多，关于抱负和平衡这一切的真正含义。A. understand理解；B. share分享；C. see看见；D. balance平衡。根据上文“about ambition and what it truly means to”可知，母亲要工作还要抚养孩子，所以是平衡生活和工作。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是我从母亲那里学到的最重要的一课：永不放弃。A. important重要的；B. different不同的；C. original最初的；D. similar相似的。根据后文“lesson I’ve learned from my mother”指从母亲那里学到的重要一课。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能是我从母亲那里学到的最重要的一课：永不放弃。A. slow down减速；B. show off炫耀；C. give up放弃；D. stand out突出。根据后文“Just when it feels like you should give up”此处指永不放弃。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在你觉得应该放弃的时候，再努力一点。A. play玩耍；B. train训练；C. push推；D. search搜索。根据后文“You’ll be glad you did.(你会很高兴这么做的。)”以及上文强调从不放弃，说明觉得放弃的时候，再努力一点，短语push表示“努力，坚持地做”符合语境。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我有了孩子后，这对我来说尤其重要。A. learn学习；B. compare比较；C. describe描述；D. record记录。根据上文“This was especially important for me to”可知，母亲的经验对于作者有了孩子以后学习这一点更加重要。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到我的日子比以前更困难了。A. meaningful有意义的；B. difficult不同的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“Throw in a bunch of nights with a crying baby and no sleep.(还有很多个晚上，带着哭闹的婴儿，睡不着觉。)”可知，作者的日子比以前更困难了。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我知道在一天结束的时候，我能做到就像我妈妈一样。A. remember记得；B. help帮助；C. feel感觉；D. make制作。根据后文“it just like my mother did”指作者向妈妈学习，努力做到，make it表示“成功”。故选D。 Passage 8 Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder called spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles 1 (use) for moving the body. At the age of one, he became completely paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down, making 2 difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these challenges, Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 3 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, the road was not easy. Benjamin had to persevere through countless 4 (difficulty) during his studies. His endurance in the face of various hardships was 5 (true) remarkable. By now, Benjamin 6 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 7 (aware) of the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked 8 developing assistive technologies, such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility. In addition to his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, 9 (use) his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with disabilities. Through his writing and speaking engagements, he hopes to encourage others 10 (accept) their differences and work towards creating a more inclusive society for all. 【答案】 1．used 2．it 3．where 4．difficulties 5．truly 6．has become 7．awareness 8．on/at 9．using 10．to accept 【导语】本文讲述了出生时患有罕见遗传病的励志人物Benjamin Lou克服身体缺陷带来的重重困难考入麻省理工学院，毕业后成为计算机科学家，并长期投身无障碍科技研发、积极倡导残疾人权利的励志故事。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：Benjamin Lou是一名计算机科学家和倡导者，他出生时患有一种罕见的遗传性疾病，称为脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)，这种疾病会影响用于移动身体的肌肉。which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中已经有谓语动词affects，空处需要填入非谓语动词；空处作后置定语修饰名词muscles，动词use与muscles之间是被动关系，表示“被用来移动身体的肌肉”，因此用use的过去分词形式used。 2．考查代词。句意：一岁时，他从胸部以下完全瘫痪，这使他难以呼吸、进食或在没有帮助的情况下四处移动。此处为固定结构“make it +形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“使得某人做某事……”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 3．考查定语从句。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，Benjamin还是战胜了困难，进入了麻省理工学院，在那里他获得了计算机科学与人工智能学位。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Massachusetts Institute of Technology，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导该定语从句。 4．考查名词复数。句意：Benjamin在学习期间不得不坚持克服无数的困难。根据空前的形容词countless“无数的”可知，countless后接可数名词复数，difficulty是可数名词，因此填其复数形式difficulties。 5．考查副词。句意：他面对各种困难时的毅力真的非常了不起。空处修饰形容词remarkable，需要用true的副词形式truly。 6．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，Benjamin已经成为激励众多残疾人士的人物，他用自己的经历提高了人们对科技无障碍重要性的认识，并提倡相关政策让残疾人更方便使用数字工具。根据句首的时间状语By now“到目前为止”可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语Benjamin是第三人称单数，因此填has become。 7．考查名词。句意同上。空处作动词raise的宾语，需要用aware的名词形式awareness，awareness是不可数名词，raise awareness of是固定搭配，表示“提高……的意识”。 8．考查介词。句意：他还一直致力于开发辅助技术，比如可供行动不便人士使用的语音控制电脑界面。此处表示“从事于；致力于”，用固定搭配work on 或者work at。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了在科技领域的工作之外，Benjamin还是残疾人权利的热情倡导者，利用自己的平台打破刻板印象，增进大众对残疾人生活的理解。句中已有系动词is，空处用非谓语动词，动词use和主语Benjamin之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词using作状语。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过写作和演讲，他希望鼓励其他人接纳自身的差异，努力为所有人创造一个更具包容性的社会。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 迁移应用篇 一、好词积累 1）词汇必备 1. ____________ n. 挫折，挫败感 2. ____________ adj. 坚持不懈的 3. ____________ v. 克服，战胜 4. ____________ v. 忍受，坚持 5. ____________ n. 突破 6. ____________ v. 挑战 n. 挑战 7. ____________ v. 坚持不懈 8. ____________ v. 超越，胜过 9. ____________ n. 困境，窘境 10. ____________ n. 抗压能力，韧性 11. ____________ v. 恢复，重振信心 12. ____________ v. 努力，奋斗 【答案】1. frustration 2. persistent 3. overcome 4. endure 5. breakthrough 6. challenge 7. persevere 8. surpass 9. dilemma 10. resilience 11. recover 12. strive 2）短语必备 1. ________________________ 直面挫折 2.________________________ 坚守梦想 3. ________________________ 从失败中汲取力量 4. ________________________ 突破自我局限 5 . ________________________ 克服困境、迎难而上 6 ________________________ 成就更好的自己 【答案】1. face setbacks squarely 2. stick to one’s dream3. draw strength from failures 4. break through one’s limits 5. rise above difficulties 6. shape a better self 二、应用文写作 假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办一次英语演讲比赛。请你以“Every Setback Is a Test for Us”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 描述你自己经历的一次挫折； 2. 你克服挫折的体会。 参考词汇：setback 挫折 n. 注意： （1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Every Setback Is a Test for Us Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic: Every Setback Is a Test for Us. As we all know, everyone will face some setbacks every now and then. I came across many setbacks in my study and life. I failed in my physics final exam when I was in Senior One. Knowing the result, I cried hard. I analyzed the situation and studied harder. Finally, I became good at physics. In my opinion, when setbacks happen, we should be brave and stay optimistic. It is a good way to relieve the pain by turning to our trusted ones for comfort, watching a funny movie, listening to music or visiting a beautiful place. Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life and every setback is a test for us. I absolutely believe that we need to face the setbacks bravely and learn from them. Only the one who passes the test can succeed. Thanks for your Listening. 【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以“Every Setback Is a Test for Us”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 描述你自己经历的一次挫折；2. 你克服挫折的体会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→happy/delighted 机会：chance→opportunity 遇到：came across→encounter 发生：happen→take place 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Knowing the result, I cried hard. 拓展句：As soon as I knew the result, I cried hard. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I failed in my physics final exam when I was in Senior One.(由when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】 In my opinion, when setbacks happen, we should be brave and stay optimistic.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 三、读后续写 My grandfather, a doctor for over forty years, always told me that health is the real wealth. I never understood what he meant until last year, when I found myself in a situation that forced me to rethink my lifestyle. At eighteen, I thought I was unbeatable. I was in my final year of high school, and my life was all about studying. I woke up at 5 am, drank coffee, and studied until midnight. I skipped breakfast, ate instant noodles for lunch, and had energy drinks during late-night study. I turned down my friends’ invitations to play basketball. “I don’t have time,” I said. “Study is more important.” My parents were worried. My father left a note on my desk, which read, “Your body needs rest.” I put it aside. However, one morning in November, I woke up feeling strange. My heart was racing, my hands were shaking, and I could barely stand. When I tried to get up, my legs gave way and I fell to the floor. Everything went black. When I opened my eyes, I was in a hospital bed. A doctor was checking my blood pressure, his face serious. “You’ve overworked your body,” he said. “Your heart is under extreme stress. If you continue, you could cause permanent damage.” I stared at the ceiling, unable to speak. That evening, my grandfather came to visit. He sat by my bed. He didn’t scold me. Instead, he told me a story about a young doctor who worked day and night, ignored his health, and collapsed from exhaustion at thirty-five. “He survived,” my grandfather said, “but he never fully recovered. And he always regretted it.” That night, I couldn’t sleep. I thought about all the meals I had skipped, all the sleep I had given up, and all the moments with friends and family I had missed. I had been so focused on my goal that I had forgotten something essential: without my health, nothing else would matter. I made a decision right then and there. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next morning, I told my parents about my decision. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following months, I slowly began to rebuild my life and health. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The next morning, I told my parents about my decision. “I’m going to change,” I said, my voice trembling but firm. My mother’s eyes filled with tears of relief, and my father gave me a rare, warm smile. “We’ll help you,” he said softly. Together, we drew up a new daily schedule, which included three proper meals, eight hours of sleep, and a thirty-minute walk every evening. For the first time in months, I actually looked forward to the day ahead instead of dreading the exhaustion that awaited me. The following months, I slowly began to rebuild my life and health. I started each morning with a nutritious breakfast instead of coffee. I joined my friends for basketball on weekends, laughing and sweating under the sun. To my surprise, my grades didn’t drop. In fact, they improved because I studied with a clear mind and a rested body. I learned that health is not something to give up for success — it is what makes success possible. My grandfather’s words, “Health is the real wealth,” finally made sense to me. 【导语】本文讲述了作者十八岁备战高三时拼命学习，作息饮食极差，忽视身体与亲友陪伴，无视家人提醒。十一月他身体透支晕倒住院，医生告诫身体已严重受损。爷爷讲述他人因透支健康落下病根的经历点醒了他。他决心改变，制定健康作息，好好吃饭休息运动。最终身体好转，成绩反而提升，他真正懂得健康才是真正的财富。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写作者决心改变，制定健康作息，好好吃饭休息运动。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写最终身体好转，成绩反而提升，他真正懂得健康才是真正的财富。 2. 续写线索：决心改变——制定健康作息——坚持健康作息——身体好转——成绩提升——感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①充满：filled with/brimmed with ②放弃：give up/quit 情绪类 ①疲惫：exhaustion/burnout ②惊讶：surprise/astonishment 【点睛】【高分句型1】 “I’m going to change,” I said, my voice trembling but firm. (运用了独立主格结构) 【高分句型2】Together, we drew up a new daily schedule, which included three proper meals, eight hours of sleep, and a thirty-minute walk every evening. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) $Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：Psychologies）In a culture wired for fear, outrage, and exhaustion, the natural path is to sink into the gloom. But what are we missing out on? When I was little, my big sister once decided to test me. I didn't know it at the time, but I was essentially her five-year-old psychological guinea pig. She was 10 years older, and already aware of the kind of questions adults like to dress up as philosophy. I wasn't. She poured a glass of milk, drank half of it, and held it up in front of me. "Is it half full, or half empty?" I remember being annoyed before I even really considered the question. Partly because it felt like a trick, but mostly because I thought the milk was for me and she'd just ruined it. It felt like a slightly irritating philosophical ambush. I remember looking at the glass properly and saying it was half empty. Because it was: it had been full, and now it wasn't. Only later did I realise she already knew what she was looking for. It wasn't really about the milk. It was the classic optimism test — one of those small psychological indicators people use without saying so out loud. She was watching how I looked at the same reality she was looking at. I just didn't know I was being observed. Of course, it wasn't really about milk at all. It was about framing — about whether our attention defaults to what is absent, or what is there. That distinction feels less like childhood psychology now, and more like something we are all being asked every day. Because right now, there's a strange social pressure to expect the worst. Scroll through the news for five minutes and the emotional weather is unmistakable: collapse, outrage, crisis, disaster, scandal. Every headline competes for attention by amplifying the sense of urgency. Every algorithm rewards emotional intensity. Social-media platforms do not thrive on calm perspective — they thrive on vigilance, anger and fear. And after years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation, many people have adapted by becoming emotionally defensive. Cynicism has started to masquerade as intelligence. Exhaustion has become a kind of social currency. But if that's what you do, something subtle happens. The world doesn't just feel harder — it starts to feel fixed. Difficulty and fear become not a phase, but a baseline. And once that belief takes hold, it changes how you live. You pull back. You expect less. You assume less. You risk less. Which is why optimism matters here — not as cheerfulness, and not as denial, but as a better way to live your life. A refusal to let the worst interpretation become the only available one. Pessimism filters what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible. And optimism — even in small, imperfect forms — interrupts that filter. 【全文翻译】 在一种充斥着恐惧、愤怒与疲惫的文化环境中，人很容易顺势陷入消沉阴郁。可我们又错过了什么呢？ 小时候，姐姐曾想考考我。当时我浑然不知，自己差不多成了她五岁的心理实验对象。 她比我大十岁，早已懂得成年人会把一些问题包装成哲学思辨，而我却一无所知。 她倒了一杯牛奶，喝掉一半，举到我面前：“杯子是半满，还是半空？” 我记得，还没认真思考问题，我就已经心生不悦。一方面觉得这是个圈套，但更主要的是，我本以为这杯牛奶是给我的，结果被她喝掉了。这简直是一场有点恼人的哲学突袭。 我记得我认真看了看杯子，回答说杯子是半空的。事实本就如此：它原本是满的，现在却不是了。 后来我才明白，她早就在等待我的答案。这道题的核心根本不在于牛奶。这是经典的乐观心态测试 —— 一种人们心照不宣使用的微小心理参照。 她在观察，面对同一个客观事实，我会持何种视角。只是我当时并不知道自己正在被观察。当然，这和牛奶毫无关系。关键在于认知框架：我们的注意力，是本能聚焦于已然失去的东西，还是尚存的事物。 如今，这种差异早已不只是孩童时代的心理小游戏，反倒成了我们每个人每天都要面对的命题。 当下社会有一种诡异的舆论压力，驱使人们凡事往坏处想。随便浏览五分钟新闻，扑面而来的情绪基调一目了然：崩塌、愤慨、危机、灾难、丑闻。 每一则新闻标题，都靠放大紧迫感争夺大众眼球。各类算法也偏爱高情绪强度的内容。社交媒体平台并不依靠理性平和的观点蓬勃发展，它们赖以生存的是戒备、怒火与恐惧。 历经连年的政局动荡、经济前景不明、身心耗竭、气候焦虑以及文化撕裂之后，许多人选择筑起情绪防线来自我适应。愤世嫉俗开始伪装成睿智通透，身心疲惫反倒成了一种社交谈资。 可一旦陷入这种状态，一些潜移默化的改变就会发生。世界不只是让人觉得艰难，更会让人认定现状无法改变。困境与恐惧不再是一段暂时的经历，而变成生活的基准常态。一旦这种想法扎根，就会重塑你的生活方式：你会退缩，期待变少，设想变少，敢于尝试冒险的事也越来越少。 这正是乐观之所以重要的原因。乐观不等于盲目开心，也不是否认现实，而是一种更优质的生活方式：拒绝让最坏的解读，成为看待事物的唯一方式。 悲观会过滤我们所见、所想，以及我们眼中一切尚存可能性的事物。而乐观 —— 即便只是微弱、并不完美的乐观 —— 能够打破这层悲观滤镜。 【核心词汇】 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①gloom n. 忧郁；阴暗 ②guinea pig n. 实验对象 ③dress up 装扮；伪装 ④irritating adj. 恼人的；使人愤怒的 ⑤ambush n. 伏击；埋伏 ⑥indicator n. 指示物；指标 ⑦framing n. 框架；取景方式 ⑧unmistakable adj. 明显的；不会弄错的 ⑨amplify v. 放大；增强 ⑩algorithm n. 算法 ⑪vigilance n. 警觉；警戒 ⑫burnout n. 倦怠；精疲力竭 ⑬cynicism n. 愤世嫉俗；怀疑主义 ⑭masquerade v. 伪装；冒充 ⑮baseline n. 基线；基础 ⑯optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 ⑰cheerfulness n. 高兴；快乐 ⑱denial n. 否认；拒绝承认 ⑲pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义 ⑳filter v. 过滤；筛选 【长难句分析】 1.And after years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation, many people have adapted by becoming emotionally defensive. 句意： 经过多年的政治不稳定、经济不确定、身心疲惫、气候焦虑和文化分裂，许多人已经通过在情感上采取防御姿态来适应这种情况。 分析：本句是主谓宾结构。After years of political instability, economic uncertainty, burnout, climate anxiety and cultural fragmentation是时间状语，其中of后面的内容是并列的名词短语，作后置定语修饰years。many people是主语，have adapted是谓语，by becoming emotionally defensive是方式状语。 2. Pessimism filters what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible. 句意：悲观主义会过滤掉我们所注意到的、我们所想象的以及我们认为仍然可能的事情。 分析：本句是主谓宾结构。Pessimism是主语，filters是谓语。what we notice, what we imagine, and what we think is still possible是并列的宾语从句，作filters的宾语。在每个宾语从句中，we是主语，notice、imagine和think是谓语动词。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Just being smart doesn’t guarantee someone will be successful. And just being less smart doesn’t mean that the person will fail. That’s one take-home message from the work of people like Angela Duckworth. She works at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Like many other researchers, Duckworth wondered what makes one person more successful than another. When digging deeper, Duckworth found that the people who performed best shared a quality (品质) independent of smarts. They had what she now calls perseverance. Duckworth developed a set of questions to test it. In one study of people aged 25 and above, she found that as people age, they become more likely to stick with a project. She also found that perseverance increases with education. People who had finished college scored higher in the perseverance test than people who quit before graduation did. People who went to graduate school after college scored even higher. She then did another study with college students. Duckworth wanted to see how smarts and perseverance influenced performance in school. So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the perseverance test. Students with higher grades seem to have more perseverance. That’s not surprising. Getting good grades takes both smarts and hard work. But some people counter that this perseverance means success. Among those people is Marcus Credé, a teacher at Iowa State University in Ames. He recently showed the results of 88 studies on perseverance. Together, nearly 67,000 people took part in these studies. And perseverance did not predict success, Credé found.    Nevertheless, he thinks perseverance is very similar to someone’s ability to set goals, work toward them and think things through before acting. It’s a basic personality quality, Credé notes — not something that can be changed.     “Study habits and skills, test anxiety and class attendance are far more strongly connected with school grades than perseverance,” Credé says. “We can teach students how to study well. We can help them with their test anxiety,” he adds. “I’m not sure we can do that with perseverance.” 1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Smart people may not succeed. B．Success has nothing to do with smarts. C．Perseverance is a quality dependent on smarts. D．Perseverance decides how smart one might be. 2．What might influence a person’s perseverance according to Angela Duckworth’s findings? A．Lifestyles. B．Family tradition. C．Education. D．Personality types. 3．What does the underlined word “counter” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Warn. B．Reply. C．Accept. D．Doubt. 4．What is Credé’s opinion about perseverance? A．It is strongly related to test anxiety. B．It can hardly be taught in school. C．It should be paid no attention to in teaching. D．It can’t influence students’ school grades. Passage 2 New research suggests people may not always want help in sticking to their New Year’s resolutions, challenging the common view of a “planner-doer” conflict in behavioral science. A team from UK and German universities surveyed 240 adults to explore how people identify with their “planner” (self-control-focused) and “doer” (desire-driven) selves. Published in Behavioral Public Policy, the study found that while participants differed in the relative importance they attached to desire and self-control, overall, attitudes in favour of desire were almost as common as attitudes in favour of self-control. Public policies designed to “push” people towards healthy lifestyles are often based on the grounds that people think of their planners as their true selves and dislike the actions of their doers. However, in their study published today in the journal Behavioral Public Policy, the authors argue this assumption overlooks the possibility that people value desire as well as self-control and approve of their own flexible attitudes to resolutions. Robert Sugden, a professor of economics at UEA, said, “Our key message is not about whether pushes towards healthy lifestyles are good for people’s long-term health or happiness. It is about whether such pushes can be based on the grounds that they help individuals to overcome what they themselves acknowledge as self-control problems.” For example, respondents favored desire for sugary drinks or desserts yet prioritized self-control for exercise — viewing small indulgences (放纵) as positive expressions of desire. In the online survey, participants recalled either a joyful meal or a satisfying health effort, then expressed their opinions about self-control and desire. Surprisingly, the differences in recalled episode didn’t significantly affect their attitudes. Most agreed both long-term planning and occasional small joys were important. The study concludes identifying when people want help with self-control is more complex than thought, emphasizing that desires deserve equal attention. Breaking a health-oriented resolution by ordering a dessert is perhaps a more positive way than not taking one’s daily run on a wet day. 1．What does the “planner-doer” conflict refer to? A．The difference between formal and informal help. B．The conflict between individual and public interests. C．The contrast between past experiences and future plans. D．The gap between long-term goals and short-term desires. 2．Why do public policies “push” people toward healthy lifestyles? A．To promote desire in daily life. B．To reduce social pressure on individuals. C．To help people overcome self-control problems. D．To balance short-term joys and long-term health 3．What did the study find about desire? A．It is valued almost as much as self-control. B．It is strongly influenced by past experiences. C．It is less important than self-control for health. D．It is mainly expressed through skipping exercise. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．All people regret breaking their New Year’s resolutions. B．Small indulgences are seen as harmful by most participants. C．The “push” policies may not agree with people’s actual needs. D．Past happy meals make people less likely to value self-control. Passage 3 A pioneering new study links satellite and brain imaging data to identify how environmental factors can affect mental health, cognition (认知) and brain development in young people. The researchers used a dataset from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, the largest ongoing study on child brain development in the US. They analyzed satellite-based observations, including different types of land cover and land use and the amount of light captured by satellites at night. These data can be combined with neuroimaging (神经影像) and behavioral measures to provide insights. The ABCD dataset provides a unique opportunity for a much deeper understanding of associations between a range of indicators of the complex physical urban environment and their impacts on mental health. This dataset also allows researchers to observe dynamic environmental changes and their impact on mental health over time, and identify specific interventions to boost mental well-being in various communities. The study examined the use of land, considering factors such as light pollution and the number of buildings in an area, in order to understand the social and economic status of the area. The researchers found that places with more light at night and more buildings tended to have lower levels of parental education and household income, while areas with more trees and plants were linked to higher education and income. “The findings highlight the importance of the urban environment to mental health. We see a critical window during childhood and adolescence (青春期) where environmental factors can shape future cognitive and behavioral development,” said Vince Calhoun, the study’s senior author and principal investigator. By combining satellite data and brain imaging, researchers gain a deeper understanding of how environmental factors shape the cognitive and behavioral development of young people, which is of great significance for urban planning and public health policies. 1．How was this research conducted? A．By performing data analysis. B．By referring to previous studies. C．By recording behavior measures. D．By carrying out national surveys. 2．Which of the following will contribute to mental well-being? A．Enhancing city street lighting. B．Promoting community development. C．Creating more green spaces in urban areas. D．Increasing high-rise constructions in urban cores. 3．What can we learn about the study from Vince Calhoun’s words in paragraph 5? A．Its aim. B．Its significance. C．Its future direction. D．Its practical application. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The use of satellite imaging in urban planning. B．The benefits of reducing light pollution in cities. C．Urban environment’s influence on youth mental growth. D．Parental education’s role in children’s mental well-being Passage 4 How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things rarely go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of complicated situations. Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 1 They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training, and being confident about your ability to face challenges. 2 When we learn to solve problems ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence and help us feel more independent and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 3 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself. When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Probe into where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 4 Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. And remember, if you have a complicated problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. 5 A．You also learn what you’re good at. B．Here is how you can be more resourceful. C．These may be practical things like pens and paper. D．No one is expected to solve all problems by himself. E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways. F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire you to move on. G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. Passage 5 The New Year is a time when people often set resolutions to start a new hobby and exercise more. But rather than always choose something new to do, researchers suggest maybe considering the opposite. “It’s time to reassess at the end of the year ‘ 1 ’” says Rachit Dubey from the University of California, Los Angeles. 2 “It’s human nature to set goals because goals give us direction. Goals represent some desired future end state,” says Dubey. But past goals may have become impractical to work toward. Maybe they feel too hard or they just no longer match what you want for your life now. Continuing to work toward goals that don’t fit can create guilt and stress. Worse still, the time and effort spent trying may prevent you seeing other options. But breaking up with a goal and moving on can be messy and painful. 3 A recent study surveyed over 500 university students over nine months. In the beginning, the team asked participants about a long-term goal they were quitting. To assess inner drive, the team asked participants to rate statements such as, “ 4 ” Statements like “People have been telling me I have to let this goal go” assessed outside pressures to quit. With the study progressing, the team assessed how “stuck” a person was. People who were quitting primarily due to outside pressures tended to get more stuck than those who were self-driven. People don’t just wake up one day, saying, “I’m done” and move on to their next adventure. But what’s clear is that holding on to an outgrown goal can do more harm than good. 5 And finding a new path forward may first require the courage to say, “I think I can’t.” A．I feel torn about letting go of this goal. B．This goal no longer reflects who I am. C．Goals serve an important role in our lives. D．Can I replace my past goals with new achievable ones? E．What is something I don’t need in my life anymore? F．So sometimes, letting go can be tougher than sticking it out. G．Cutting ties can clear space in your life to pursue what matters to you. Passage 6 My father is a farmer. My family has been 1 for generations. He expects me to 2 the family tradition, but I don’t share his wish. Three years ago, I went to the 3 with my father to visit his friend, who owned a small airline with two light planes. It was the first time that I had seen a real airplane. Knowing I had never flown before, he 4 to take me up. As we took off, I felt so 5 that I almost forgot we would land. All I could think about was making flying my life’s 6 , and how badly I wanted to try it again and again. Whenever he had time, father’s friend would 7 me how to fly and even let me fly alone once. I was 8 to be a pilot, though it meant going against my father. When I turned 18, I decided to tell my father what I wanted to do, but I didn’t want to let him 9 . I didn’t know how to make him 10 my passion (热爱) for flying. “Father, I want to go to college and be a 11 . I might get financial (经济的) aid,” I said in a 12 voice. His silence made me feel uneasy. 13 , he smiled and said, “I’ve been 14 when you’d tell me. I’ve already been 15 money for your college education.” 1．A．flying B．farming C．trading D．teaching 2．A．carry on B．give up C．put off D．turn down 3．A．station B．airport C．market D．school 4．A．refused B．begged C．offered D．pretended 5．A．anxious B．upset C．calm D．excited 6．A．goal B．duty C．hobby D．habit 7．A．teach B．warn C．allow D．order 8．A．hesitant B．unwilling C．determined D．annoyed 9．A．up B．down C．in D．out 10．A．hide B．express C．understand D．control 11．A．driver B．doctor C．teacher D．pilot 12．A．loud B．angry C．low D．proud 13．A．Obviously B．Thankfully C．Unfortunately D．Unexpectedly 14．A．wondering B．asking C．looking D．caring 15．A．lending B．saving C．wasting D．spending Passage 7 I’ll never forget the first moment I truly understood how hard my mother worked. I was 10 years old, and I answered the 1 . “Hi, this is Lorie from the electric company. I’m calling to tell you ...” “Mom? Is that you?” “Okay, thank you, have a great day.” She must have been 2 . My mom worked three jobs. She’s a woman with a lot of pride and more 3 than anyone I’ve ever met. My father died when I was young, and it wasn’t 4 for my mother, who had spent years at home with her children. I never felt like I had less, but I knew how 5 she worked for all we had. Growing up, I 6 if there was anything she couldn’t do. Now I have my own children and there are many nights when I am dead 7 , and I still can’t imagine how my mom did it all. I learned a lot from her 8 , and her success, about ambition (抱负) and what it truly means to 9 it all. This might be the most 10 lesson I’ve learned from my mother: never 11 . Just when it feels like you should give up, 12 harder. You’ll be glad you did. This was especially important for me to 13 when I had children. Suddenly, I realized that my days were more 14 than before. Throw in a bunch of nights with a crying baby and no sleep. But I know at the end of the day I can 15 it just like my mother did. 1．A．phone B．question C．door D．email 2．A．relaxed B．embarrassed C．annoyed D．lucky 3．A．freedom B．respect C．perseverance D．information 4．A．special B．necessary C．painful D．easy 5．A．secretly B．hard C．proudly D．little 6．A．wondered B．knew C．hoped D．guessed 7．A．serious B．wrong C．tired D．curious 8．A．chances B．interests C．memories D．struggles 9．A．understand B．share C．see D．balance 10．A．important B．different C．original D．similar 11．A．slow down B．show off C．give up D．stand out 12．A．play B．train C．push D．search 13．A．learn B．compare C．describe D．record 14．A．meaningful B．difficult C．enjoyable D．boring 15．A．remember B．help C．feel D．make Passage 8 Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder called spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles 1 (use) for moving the body. At the age of one, he became completely paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down, making 2 difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these challenges, Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 3 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, the road was not easy. Benjamin had to persevere through countless 4 (difficulty) during his studies. His endurance in the face of various hardships was 5 (true) remarkable. By now, Benjamin 6 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 7 (aware) of the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked 8 developing assistive technologies, such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility. In addition to his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, 9 (use) his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with disabilities. Through his writing and speaking engagements, he hopes to encourage others 10 (accept) their differences and work towards creating a more inclusive society for all. 迁移应用篇 一、好词积累 1）词汇必备 1. ____________ n. 挫折，挫败感 2. ____________ adj. 坚持不懈的 3. ____________ v. 克服，战胜 4. ____________ v. 忍受，坚持 5. ____________ n. 突破 6. ____________ v. 挑战 n. 挑战 7. ____________ v. 坚持不懈 8. ____________ v. 超越，胜过 9. ____________ n. 困境，窘境 10. ____________ n. 抗压能力，韧性 11. ____________ v. 恢复，重振信心 12. ____________ v. 努力，奋斗 2）短语必备 1. ________________________ 直面挫折 2.________________________ 坚守梦想 3. ________________________ 从失败中汲取力量 4. ________________________ 突破自我局限 5 . ________________________ 克服困境、迎难而上 6 ________________________ 成就更好的自己 二、应用文写作 假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办一次英语演讲比赛。请你以“Every Setback Is a Test for Us”为题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 描述你自己经历的一次挫折； 2. 你克服挫折的体会。 参考词汇：setback 挫折 n. 注意： （1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Every Setback Is a Test for Us Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic: Every Setback Is a Test for Us. As we all know, everyone will face some setbacks every now and then. I came across many setbacks in my study and life. I failed in my physics final exam when I was in Senior One. Knowing the result, I cried hard. I analyzed the situation and studied harder. Finally, I became good at physics. In my opinion, when setbacks happen, we should be brave and stay optimistic. It is a good way to relieve the pain by turning to our trusted ones for comfort, watching a funny movie, listening to music or visiting a beautiful place. Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life and every setback is a test for us. I absolutely believe that we need to face the setbacks bravely and learn from them. Only the one who passes the test can succeed. Thanks for your Listening. 三、读后续写 My grandfather, a doctor for over forty years, always told me that health is the real wealth. I never understood what he meant until last year, when I found myself in a situation that forced me to rethink my lifestyle. At eighteen, I thought I was unbeatable. I was in my final year of high school, and my life was all about studying. I woke up at 5 am, drank coffee, and studied until midnight. I skipped breakfast, ate instant noodles for lunch, and had energy drinks during late-night study. I turned down my friends’ invitations to play basketball. “I don’t have time,” I said. “Study is more important.” My parents were worried. My father left a note on my desk, which read, “Your body needs rest.” I put it aside. However, one morning in November, I woke up feeling strange. My heart was racing, my hands were shaking, and I could barely stand. When I tried to get up, my legs gave way and I fell to the floor. Everything went black. When I opened my eyes, I was in a hospital bed. A doctor was checking my blood pressure, his face serious. “You’ve overworked your body,” he said. “Your heart is under extreme stress. If you continue, you could cause permanent damage.” I stared at the ceiling, unable to speak. That evening, my grandfather came to visit. He sat by my bed. He didn’t scold me. Instead, he told me a story about a young doctor who worked day and night, ignored his health, and collapsed from exhaustion at thirty-five. “He survived,” my grandfather said, “but he never fully recovered. And he always regretted it.” That night, I couldn’t sleep. I thought about all the meals I had skipped, all the sleep I had given up, and all the moments with friends and family I had missed. I had been so focused on my goal that I had forgotten something essential: without my health, nothing else would matter. I made a decision right then and there. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next morning, I told my parents about my decision. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following months, I slowly began to rebuild my life and health. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $