Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“自然保护”为主题，融合外刊阅读、语言知识与多题型训练，构建“输入-内化-输出”的系统性语言能力提升体系，培养跨文化理解与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇（The Economist）|议论性文本，聚焦欧盟碳价政策|从现象（碳价制度争议）到分析（利弊与解决方案），培养批判性思维| |核心词汇|31个|主题相关术语（如ETS, CBAM）|围绕“环境保护与政策”主题，构建领域词汇网络| |长难句分析|2句|复杂复合句（含定语从句、状语从句）|从句子结构拆解到语义理解，提升语法应用能力| |能力培优拔高|7篇（阅读4篇、完形1篇、语法填空1篇、七选五1篇）|多样题型，涵盖细节理解、推理判断等|由基础语言知识（词汇、语法）过渡到综合语用能力| |迁移应用|翻译3句、应用文1篇、读后续写1篇|真实情境写作任务|实现语言知识向表达能力的转化，提升跨文化沟通能力|

Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：The Economist）THE EUROPEAN UNION's carbon price is an economist's dream. The bloc's emissions-trading scheme (ETS) distributes rights to emit greenhouse gases to firms in electricity generation, heavy industry and aviation. Then it lets the market do the rest. It was phased in gradually, with all kinds of cushioning such as free allowances (not all of them justified) to give emitters plenty of time to adjust. Now, however, the system is starting to bite, which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition. On July 17th the European Commission is expected to reveal a watering down of the ETS amid worries that, since it is essentially a tax, it is hampering European competitiveness. Auctioning carbon allowances brought in around €40bn ($46bn) to the EU and its members in 2024. In March, ten EU member states, including Italy, Poland and Romania, urged the commission to conduct a thorough review of the scheme with an eye to helping electricity consumers and industry. Friedrich Merz, Germany's chancellor, worried that his country's manufacturing sector was wavering: "We should be very open to revise it, or at least to postpone it." Since then, the commission has worked on a plan that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete—all without breaching international trade rules. Industry's gripe is that it now costs about €80 to emit a tonne of carbon, and that price is expected to climb. This adds roughly three cents to the price of a gas-powered kWh (or about 10% to the retail price of power) and €11 to the ticket price for a three-hour flight. Almost all allowances for electricity generation and airlines have to be bought in auctions. Some industries that are exposed to international markets and high emission costs still receive many free allowances, as long as they continue to produce. That has shielded them from the impact of the carbon price. In fact, some companies in industries like metals and paper receive allowances for more greenhouse gases than they emit, says Bruegel, a Brussels-based think-tank, resulting in a handsome profit. The EU has brought in a tax called the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Importers of energy-intensive goods like steel or fertiliser must pay the EU's emissions price on the carbon embedded in the imported good, unless the country of origin has its own carbon-pricing scheme. But the EU cannot go on giving its own producers free allowances without flouting international trade rules. As CBAM payments are phased in until 2034, free allowances will be phased out. The switch from free allowances to CBAM will leave one large gap: exports. Inside the European market, all producers, domestic or foreign, will have to pay a carbon price. But when competing in export markets, EU producers will be the only ones paying it, leaving them at a disadvantage. Worse still, exempting exports from the carbon price would be considered an export subsidy that breaches WTO rules. 【全文翻译】 欧盟的碳价制度堪称经济学家眼中的理想方案。欧盟碳排放交易体系（ETS）向发电、重工业以及航空领域的企业分配温室气体排放配额，之后交由市场完成后续调节。该体系分阶段落地实施，配套各类缓冲机制，例如免费排放配额（并非所有配额都具备合理依据），给排放企业充足时间完成调整。然而如今，这套制度开始显现约束效力，这便让它成了政客们的绝佳替罪羊。这些政客正疲于抑制能源价格暴涨，同时还要保护处境艰难的本土产业，使其免受全球竞争冲击。 出于担忧——该体系本质上相当于一种税收，会削弱欧洲的竞争力，欧盟委员会预计将于7月17日公布对碳排放交易体系的弱化调整方案。2024年，碳配额拍卖为欧盟及其成员国带来约400亿欧元（折合460亿美元）的财政收入。 今年3月，包括意大利、波兰、罗马尼亚在内的十个欧盟成员国敦促欧盟委员会对该体系开展全面评估，力求兼顾电力消费者与工业企业的利益。德国总理弗里德里希·默茨对本国制造业根基动摇表示担忧：“我们应当以开放的态度修订该体系，至少要暂缓推进相关要求。”自此，欧盟委员会一直在制定方案，试图调和相互矛盾的两大目标：既要削减温室气体排放，又要保障欧盟本土产业的竞争力，同时全程不得违反国际贸易规则。 工业界的不满在于，当前每吨碳排放的成本约80欧元，且碳价预计还会继续走高。这会使燃气发电每千瓦时的成本增加约3欧分，约占电力零售价格的10%；一趟三小时航程的机票价格也会因此增加11欧元。发电行业与航空业几乎全部配额都必须通过拍卖购买。部分直面国际市场、碳排放成本高昂的产业，只要维持生产，依旧能够获取大量免费配额，以此抵消碳价带来的冲击。但布鲁塞尔智库布吕格尔研究所指出，金属、造纸等部分行业的企业拿到的配额，甚至超过其实际的碳排放量，企业借此赚取丰厚利润。 欧盟出台了名为碳边境调节机制（CBAM）的税收政策。钢铁、化肥等高耗能商品的进口商，必须就进口商品内含的碳排放缴纳欧盟碳价，除非商品原产国已经实行本国碳定价机制。但如果欧盟持续为本国生产商提供免费配额，就会违背国际贸易规则。随着碳边境调节机制缴费义务逐步推行至2034年，免费配额也将同步逐步取消。 从免费配额过渡到碳边境调节机制，会暴露出一大漏洞：出口业务。在欧盟内部市场，无论本土还是境外生产商，都必须缴纳碳价。但在海外出口市场竞争时，只有欧盟企业需要承担碳成本，这将使其处于竞争劣势。更棘手的是，如果对出口商品豁免碳价，会被认定为出口补贴，违反世界贸易组织规则。 【核心词汇】 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. bloc n. 集团，共同体 2. emissions‑trading scheme (ETS) 碳排放交易体系 3. greenhouse gases 温室气体 4. phase in 分阶段推行，逐步实施 5. cushioning n. 缓冲措施 6. allowance n.（排放）配额 7. justify v. 证明……合理 8. bite v. 产生约束效果，发挥实际作用 9. scapegoat n. 替罪羊 10. contain v. 抑制，管控 11. shield v. 保护，庇护 12. water down 削弱，淡化（政策力度） 13. hamper v. 妨碍，损害 14. auction v./n. 拍卖 15. chancellor n.（德国）总理 16. waver v. 动摇，岌岌可危 17. reconcile v. 调和，兼顾 18. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的 19. gripe n. 不满，抱怨 20. tonne n. 公吨 21. kWh abbr. 千瓦时 22. retail price 零售价格 23. think‑tank n. 智库 24. handsome profit 丰厚利润 25. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 碳边境调节机制 26. energy‑intensive adj. 高耗能的 27. embedded adj. 内含的，隐含的 28. flout v. 公然违背，无视 29. phase out 逐步废除，逐步取消 30. exempt v. 免除，豁免 31. subsidy n. 补贴 【长难句分析】 1.Now, however, the system is starting to bite, which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition. 句意： 然而，现在这个体系开始产生影响了，这让它成了那些努力控制飞涨的能源价格、保护陷入困境的行业免受全球竞争冲击的政客们的理想替罪羊。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the system is starting to bite，为主谓结构，“the system”是主语，“is starting to bite”是谓语。“which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians...”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，“which”在从句中作主语，“makes”是谓语，“it”是宾语，“a perfect scapegoat”是宾语补足语，“for politicians...”是状语，其中“struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“politicians”。 2. Since then, the commission has worked on a plan that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete—all without breaching international trade rules. 句意： 从那时起，欧盟委员会一直在制定一项计划，试图在削减温室气体排放的同时，让欧盟各行业参与竞争，以协调这两个相互矛盾的目标，而且所有这一切都要不违反国际贸易规则。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。“Since then”是时间状语，主句是the commission has worked on a plan，为主谓宾结构，“the commission”是主语，“has worked on”是谓语，“a plan”是宾语。“that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals...”是定语从句，修饰先行词“a plan”，“that”在从句中作主语，“tries”是谓语，“to reconcile its contradictory goals...”是宾语，“of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete”是后置定语，修饰“goals”，“while allowing...”是省略结构，省略了“it is”，“all without breaching international trade rules”是补充说明成分。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 From beaches across Mexico, groups of women in diving gear who call themselves “sirens”, or mermaids, are taking on the ocean’s ghosts. Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: “ghost gear”, or abandoned fishing equipment. The women work with a Conservation International-Mexico program that trains and certifies divers to tackle this growing problem. Over about five years, Conservation International has trained roughly 100 divers around the world to safely get back ghost gear along coasts. Beyond removing the gear from ecosystems, the program aims to show people in coastal communities the problem of abandoned fishing equipment first-hand. “The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem,” says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. “Some are quite old,” he says. “Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat.” But other sections of the same net might be dangerous and could be harming animals by ghost fishing. To address this issue, Jimenez developed a modified version of a known measurement to evaluate whether a particular piece of fishing gear should be removed. This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. He hopes it can help local governments and other organizations decide which fishing gear to remove, without accidentally harming the ecosystem even more. Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. “As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility,” says Jimenez. “Your attitude will change a bit.” 1．What is the main objective of the “sirens”? A．To punish irresponsible fishing in the sea. B．To get rid of abandoned fishing equipment. C．To raise awareness of endangered ocean creatures. D．To prevent the coastal communities from being harmed. 2．Why might removing old nets be problematic? A．They can have a long life. B．They have destroyed a habitat. C．There are too many kinds of animals. D．They have become a naturalized component. 3．What is new about Jimenez’s scale? A．It avoids accidentally harming the ecosystem. B．It considers regional factors and habitat use. C．It evaluates different parts of the fishing gear. D．It tells diverse regions and organisms from each other. 4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Labeling gear is a once-and-for-all solution. B．Responsibility helps change one’s attitude to life. C．Addressing ghost gear is a matter of great urgency. D．Identification tags increase fishermen’s responsibility. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是墨西哥一群女性潜水员清理海洋废弃渔具（幽灵渔具），针对老旧渔网清理易破坏生态的难题，科研人员推出科学评估标准，并通过渔具溯源标签强化渔民责任，以此治理海洋污染。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: “ghost gear”, or abandoned fishing equipment. (她们清晨六点便开始作业，搜寻并清理一类危害性极大的海洋污染物 ——“幽灵渔具”，也就是被遗弃的捕鱼设备。)”可知，“塞壬小队” 的主要目标是清除废弃捕鱼设备。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem,” says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. “Some are quite old,” he says. “Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat.” (海洋生物学家、高级研究协调员希门尼斯表示：“如果渔网在海中留存太久，已然融入生态系统，清理工作往往就没那么简单。”“有些渔网年代久远。”他说道，“留存数十年的渔网已经和藻类、珊瑚以及其他生物交织共生。倘若强行清理，反而会破坏生物栖息地。”)”可知，清理老旧渔网可能存在问题是因为它们已经成为自然生态的组成部分。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. (这套全新评估分级体系兼顾地中海区域环境特点，同时考量海洋生物是否以及如何将这些残骸当作栖息地。)”可知，希门尼斯制定的评估新标准的创新之处是它兼顾地域因素以及生物栖息地利用情况。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. “As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility,” says Jimenez. “Your attitude will change a bit.” (如今，希门尼斯调研区域内的不少渔网都加装了识别标签。潜水员打捞到遗失渔网后，便可追溯到个人渔民或是商业渔场。意外遗失渔具在所难免，但如果某人频繁遗失渔具，或是在保护区内丢弃渔具，带有标识的渔具就能暴露出这类问题。希门尼斯说：“一旦渔具能够溯源，使用者的责任意识就会截然不同，行事态度也会有所转变。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是识别标签能够提升渔民的责任意识。 Passage 2 Bodegas were established by Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants (移民) living in New York City in the 1950 and 60’s, to sell things to overnight workers. Over the years, these stores have also been owned by Yemenis, Egyptians, Pakistanis and Indians, but the name bodega has stuck. Many of the Bodegas stores have cats, not just as companion pets, but also to take care of mice and attract customers. But strictly speaking, these cats are illegal in New York City. In 2022, Dan Rimada started posting pictures of bodega cats on social media. “So, I started the Bodega Cats of New York Instagram account. It’s been pretty successful,” he said, laughing. “The intention was not to start a bodega cat Instagram, I was taking photos of bodega cats. And then people started sending me photos of their bodega cats and then it just kind of grew from there.” Rimada is a businessman selling clothing and stickers on an Etsy page. He leads cat tours in the city and is working on a coffee table book. “Between 30% and 40% of bodegas in New York City probably have cats,” he said. “And some have become famous.” Comedian Michelladonna has become something of a TikTok superstar, hosting Shop Cats Show, producing 90-second TikTok videos, where she speaks with bodega owners, customers and plays with the cats. Keeping a cat is a business necessity for bodega owners, despite being illegal. Rimada explained, “It’s just one of those things where you have to face a fine. You get a fine for having a cat or get a bigger fine for having a mice problem.” Rimada made a call to make the cats legal and he’s also cooperated with Shop Cats Show and other Internet sites to set up a $30,000 fundraiser to make sure bodega cats can visit vets (兽医) for free and that those healthy cats can continue to delight customers. 1．Why were bodegas originally established? A．To sell working animals. B．To serve overnight workers. C．To provide clinical assistants. D．To promote immigrant culture. 2．What led to the beginning of Dan Rimada’s Instagram account? A．Sharing photos. B．Advertising Etsy. C．Legalizing bodega cats. D．Interviewing shop owners. 3．What can be inferred about Bodega cats from paragraph 3? A．They brought wealth to their owners. B．They are well-received by the public. C．They are taken advantage of improperly. D．They discourage owners from business operations. 4．What’s Rimada concerned about? A．Shop profits. B．Adoption costs. C．Legal status of his Internet site. D．Bodega cats’ physical conditions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要说明了20世纪五六十年代纽约移民开设杂货店，店内养猫捕鼠引流却属违法。Dan拍摄杂货店猫咪，开设社交账号，还发起筹款，助力猫咪免费就医并呼吁使其合法化。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bodegas were established by Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants (移民) living in New York City in the 1950 and 60’s, to sell things to overnight workers.(杂货店由20世纪50至60年代居住在纽约市的波多黎各和多米尼加移民创立，用于向夜班工人出售商品)”可知，杂货店最初设立的原因是为夜间工作的人提供服务。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The intention was not to start a bodega cat Instagram, I was taking photos of bodega cats.(我的初衷并不是要开一个杂货店猫的Instagram，我只是在拍杂货店猫的照片)”可知，Dan Rimada的Instagram账号最初是为了分享照片设立的。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““Between 30% and 40% of bodegas in New York City probably have cats,” he said. “And some have become famous.” Comedian Michelladonna has become something of a TikTok superstar, hosting Shop Cats Show, producing 90-second TikTok videos, where she speaks with bodega owners, customers and plays with the cats.(“纽约市大约有30%到40%的杂货店可能养着猫，”他说，“其中一些变得非常有名。”喜剧演员Michelladonna如今已成为TikTok上的超级明星，她主持《商店猫咪秀》节目，制作90秒的TikTok短视频，与杂货店老板、顾客互动，并和猫咪们一起玩耍)”可知，杂货店猫咪受到公众的欢迎。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rimada made a call to make the cats legal and he’s also cooperated with Shop Cats Show and other Internet sites to set up a $30,000 fundraiser to make sure bodega cats can visit vets (兽医) for free and that those healthy cats can continue to delight customers.(Rimada发起了一项倡议，希望让猫咪合法化，并与《商店猫咪秀》及其他网站合作，共同筹款3万美元，以确保杂货店猫可以免费前往兽医处就诊，同时让这些健康的猫咪继续为顾客带来欢乐)”可知，Rimada担心的是杂货店猫的健康状况。 Passage 3 Mike Dick, a seventh-grade teacher at Gateway Middle School, was named Outstanding Conservation Educator for his efforts in helping the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶) population. Six years ago, Dick and his students did a little monarch research and found out just how dramatically their numbers were falling. Educators from Toledo Zoo brought several butterflies to Gateway for his students to tag (加标签) and release. “That’s when we realized that we had no milkweed — or anything else — here on Gateway’s campus for the butterflies to eat,” Dick explained. In response to it, he and his students, along with the help of Toledo Zoo and teachers at Gateway, engaged in a problem-based learning project to create a 10,000-square-foot urban prairie (草原) on the school grounds. Located across the parking lot and behind the bus garage, it’s been the optimal site because it’s easily accessible but out of the way of daily traffic. “We have a wide variety of birds, butterflies and bugs in that little space, and all kinds of unique plants,” Dick said. This was the original Prairie Project. Since then, they have added several schools and members and now have 19 buildings with a total of about 7.5 acres of prairie. Throughout the process, Toledo Zoo has been an amazing partner. Toledo Zoo’s curator (负责人) of education Mitch Magdich teamed up with Dick to write standards-based lessons for grades 1-8, making it easier for teachers to use their prairies as outdoor classrooms and lab spaces. “For example, every September, all 19 partnering schools do a Prairie Bioblitz, where we take pictures of all the living things that we can find and upload them to an app called iNaturalist. This is always a rewarding experience!” Dick said. “I think our little prairie spaces are providing meaningful, hands-on experiences that are truly unique. Kids today are actively looking for ways to make a difference. Our prairies not only make them aware of the environment, but also show the kids what role they can play in protecting and conserving our natural resources,” Dick said. 1．What led to the creation of the Gateway prairie? A．A systematic study on milkweed. B．A decline in the monarch butterfly population. C．A lack of food sources for butterflies on campus. D．A recommendation from Toledo Zoo educators. 2．What do the underlined words “the optimal site” in paragraph 3 mean? A．The most suitable place. B．The quietest location. C．The largest possible area. D．The least frequented spot. 3．What is the purpose of the Prairie Bioblitz? A．To reward those finding the most species. B．To protect endangered species in urban prairies. C．To record the biodiversity within urban prairies. D．To clean up the prairies and remove harmful species. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Journey in Education: The Life of Mike Dick B．Urban Prairies: The Home to Monarch Butterflies C．A Day at Toledo Zoo: Nature Education for Students D．The Butterfly Effect: Integrating Prairies and Campuses 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】主要讲述教师Mike Dick在校园打造城市草原，保护黑脉金斑蝶，把生态保护与校园教育相结合的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s when we realized that we had no milkweed — or anything else — here on Gateway’s campus for the butterflies to eat,” Dick explained. In response to it, he and his students, along with the help of Toledo Zoo and teachers at Gateway, engaged in a problem-based learning project to create a 10,000-square-foot urban prairie (草原) on the school grounds.(“就在那时我们意识到，我们这里没有马利筋——或是其他任何东西——在盖特威校区，供蝴蝶食用，”迪克解释说。作为对此事的回应，他和他的学生们，在托莱多动物园以及盖特威学校老师们的帮助下，参与了一项基于问题的学习项目，在校场之上建造一片一万平方英尺的城市草原。)”可知，校园缺少蝴蝶的食物来源，促使人们打造这片草原。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Located across the parking lot and behind the bus garage, it’s been the optimal site because it’s easily accessible but out of the way of daily traffic.(这片区域位于停车场对面、公交车车库后方，它成为the optimal site，因为交通便利，又不会受到日常车流的干扰。)”可知，这片地点兼顾通行便利与免受车流打扰的条件，因此，画线短语“the optimal site”意为“最合适的地点”符合语境。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example, every September, all 19 partnering schools do a Prairie Bioblitz, where we take pictures of all the living things that we can find and upload them to an app called iNaturalist.(例如，每年九月，全部19所合作学校都会开展草原生物普查活动，大家拍摄所有能发现的生物，并上传至iNaturalist应用程序。)”可知，该活动目的是记录城市草原范围内的生物多样性。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段中的“Mike Dick, a seventh-grade teacher at Gateway Middle School, was named Outstanding Conservation Educator for his efforts in helping the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶) population.(迈克・迪克，盖特威中学一名七年级教师，被授予杰出保护教育者称号，因为他为助力黑脉金斑蝶种群所付出的努力。)”与尾段的“Our prairies not only make them aware of the environment, but also show the kids what role they can play in protecting and conserving our natural resources(我们的草原不仅让他们认识环境，也向孩子们展示他们在保护和养护自然资源方面能够发挥什么样的作用)”可知，文章围绕校园城市草原项目展开，将草原生态建设与校园自然教育融合，保护黑脉金斑蝶，所以“The Butterfly Effect: Integrating Prairies and Campuses(蝴蝶效应：融合草原与校园)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 4 “Thank you for your email. I have left to pursue my dream of knitting (编织) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office…until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral (走红) online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks, but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters from all over the world to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins’ bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18 cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By telling a joke. B．By describing an email. C．By introducing a tutor. D．By quoting a famous saying. 2．What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Deadly. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Temporary. 3．Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A．To make penguins look cute. B．To protect penguins from the cold. C．To help penguins affected by oil spills. D．To raise awareness of climate change. 4．What did the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A．It brought unexpected benefits. B．It required strict size guidelines. C．It would be a long-term solution. D．It inspired a global love of knitting. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文从一封走红网络的离职邮件切入，介绍了澳大利亚为受石油泄漏影响的小企鹅编织毛衣的公益项目。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段““Thank you for your email. I have left to pursue my dream of knitting (编织) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office…until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral (走红) online.(“感谢你的邮件。我已经离开了，去追求为南极洲的企鹅编织毛衣的梦想，不再在经济学院工作。我会离开办公室……直到我的企鹅朋友们开心为止。”这是一位在英国留学的中国学生收到的来自她导师的邮件片段，这段内容最近在网络走红)”可知，作者开篇就分享了导师离职邮件的具体内容，通过描述这封特殊的邮件引出了给企鹅织毛衣的话题。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks, but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food.(当小企鹅全身沾上石油后，它们会试图用喙清理自己，但是吃石油可能会fatal。石油还会损坏它们的羽毛，让它们难以游泳和觅食)”可知，石油对企鹅带来多重致命危害，误食石油的后果是危及生命，因此fatal意为“致命的”，和deadly含义一致。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly.(该项目起源于20世纪90年代末菲利普岛附近发生的严重石油泄漏。那段时间里，小企鹅的数量和健康状况都大幅下降)”以及第四段“To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters from all over the world to make sweaters for affected penguins.(为了解决这个问题，基金会呼吁全球的编织爱好者给受影响的企鹅编织毛衣)”可知，这个项目发起的目的就是帮助受石油泄漏影响的企鹅。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18 cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm.(为了确保企鹅受到保护并且穿上合适的衣服，基金会给编织者提供了详细的要求规范。例如，成品毛衣总长度不能超过18厘米，身宽不超过12厘米，底部开口宽度不超过11厘米)”可知，企鹅基金会对毛衣项目提出了严格的尺寸规范要求。 Passage 5 Tuvalu is an island country. It is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (青绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, Tuvalu is at risk of no longer existing because of the rising sea level. Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger. 1 Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea level rises, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland, destroying the little amount of soil that Tuvaluans have to grow crops. Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough. 2 Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish. More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water. 3 Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Niña (拉尼娜现象), Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency. 4 Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. 5 They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change. A．This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. B．And as a member of the United Nations, they are just doing that. C．However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. D．Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. E．Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible role in reducing gas emissions. F．It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. G．Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】主要介绍岛国图瓦卢受全球变暖、海平面上升威胁濒临消失，介绍其恶劣地理条件、资源短缺及居民进退两难的现状。 【详解】1．根据空前的“Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger.(依据“热膨胀”科学原理，水受热之后体积会变大。)”以及空后的“Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years.(大多数专家称，气候变化的影响将在未来50至100年内使图瓦卢不再适宜人类居住。)”可知，前文介绍海水受热膨胀的科学原理，后文讲述图瓦卢未来无法居住的严重后果，空处需要承接原理，推导出海平面上升、引发灾难的结论。D选项“Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. (因此海平面正在上升，对于地势低洼的图瓦卢来说，这意味着灾难。)”中的Therefore承接上文科学原理，顺势引出海平面上升的恶果，完美衔接前后文因果逻辑，符合语境。 2．根据空前的“Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough.(甚至在图瓦卢人遭受气候变化的影响之前，图瓦卢的生活就十分艰难。)”以及空后的“Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops.(环礁上的大部分土地坚硬贫瘠，仅存的土层浅薄，不利于种植庄稼。)”可知，前文提出当地生活本就艰苦，后文具体解释土地贫瘠、难以耕种的问题，空处需要点明艰苦生活的根本原因。A选项“This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. (这在很大程度上是由环礁的地质构造造成的。)”中的This指代前文“生活艰难”，起到承上启下的作用，引出后文地质条件恶劣的具体解释，符合语境。 3．根据空前的“More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water.(比起粮食无法自给，图瓦卢的饮用水短缺问题更为严峻。)”以及空后的“Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water.(因此，图瓦卢人几乎完全依靠雨水来满足用水需求。)”可知，前文提出饮用水匮乏的难题，后文得出只能依赖雨水的结论，空处需要完整解释当地缺水的具体原因。G选项“Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. (与普通岛屿不同，环礁没有河流与溪流，这意味着图瓦卢大部分地区没有可饮用的地下水。)”详细解释了地理缺陷导致缺水，与后文依靠雨水形成严密因果关系，符合语境。 4．根据空前的“In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency.(2011年，在连续数月无降雨后，政府不得不宣布进入紧急状态。)”可知，前文交代干旱引发紧急危机的事件背景，空处需要承接该事件，说明危机的严重程度以及最终解决情况。F选项“It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. (当时形势极其危急，如果没有新西兰和澳大利亚的紧急物资输送，许多图瓦卢人将会丧生。)”中的It指代前文干旱紧急事件，详细补充事件后果与救援情况，承接上文、完善叙事逻辑，符合语境。 5．根据空前的“Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand.(图瓦卢面临的诸多问题，已经致使部分居民考虑迁往澳大利亚或是新西兰。)”以及空后的“They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change.(他们知道总有一天必须离开，但是他们想要尽可能长久地留下来，让世界知晓气候变化正在给他们的家园带来的遭遇。)”可知，前文说明居民有移民想法，后文转折表明居民不舍故土、想要坚守，前后语义相反。C选项“However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. (然而，他们并不愿意轻易舍弃祖辈世代居住的土地。)”中的转折词However衔接上下文，精准体现居民既想移民求生、又不舍故土的矛盾心理，符合语境。 Passage 6 John lived alone in a small house away from the noise of city life. One day, John heard a slight scratching (抓挠（声）) at his 1 . Opening the door, he was taken aback. Standing there was a small raccoon (浣熊), which was looking up at him, seemingly asking for 2 . After examining it, John found one of its feet was 3 . He got it into the house and took good care of it. Days turned into weeks, and the raccoon, now named Rocky, lived 4 with John, providing entertainment and a sense of companionship that John hadn’t 5 . One day, John’s prized possession, an antique 6 , went missing. He searched everywhere but 7 . Then he realized Rocky probably 8 it. John followed Rocky, observing his habits. As John explored deeper into Rocky’s world, he 9 a pile of hidden treasures. From shiny stones to lost keys, it seemed that Rocky had a hobby for 10 . But the watch was nowhere to be found. Just as John was about to 11 , Rocky surprised him. It 12 John to a hollow (中空) tree, and there, among various small articles, was the missing watch. Rocky looked up at John, as if he was proud. At the sight of those, John stood there, surprised and excited, with his mouth wide open. Then he could hardly contain his 13 . John realized the once 14 house was now filled with excitement and unpredictability. Rocky became a(n) 15 part of John’s life. 1．A．door B．table C．window D．side 2．A．shelter B．permission C．food D．help 3．A．tied B．injured C．lost D．separated 4．A．secretly B．patiently C．permanently D．accidentally 5．A．remembered B．experienced C．requested D．envisioned 6．A．key B．stone C．medal D．watch 7．A．failed B．stopped C．struggled D．calmed 8．A．destroyed B．packed C．hid D．restored 9．A．created B．discovered C．selected D．demonstrated 10．A．damaging B．building C．digging D．collecting 11．A．take off B．give up C．set off D．show up 12．A．led B．accompanied C．permitted D．forced 13．A．anger B．joy C．coldness D．doubt 14．A．bright B．spacious C．quiet D．messy 15．A．awkward B．unaffordable C．private D．irreplaceable 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】文章主要讲述独居的约翰救助受伤浣熊洛基，洛基收藏小物件，最终带领约翰找到丢失古董手表的暖心故事。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：一天，约翰听到有轻微的抓挠声从他的门上传来。A. door门；B. table桌子；C. window窗户；D. side侧面。根据后文“Opening the door”的动作提示，抓挠声的来源是门。 2．考查名词。句意：站在那里的是一只小浣熊，它正抬头看着他，似乎在寻求帮助。A. shelter庇护；B. permission许可；C. food食物；D. help帮助。根据后文“After examining it, John found one of its feet was _______. He got it into the house and took good care of it”可知，后文提到约翰发现它的脚受伤了，说明小浣熊是在向约翰求助。 3．考查形容词。句意：检查之后，约翰发现它的一只脚受伤了。A. tied被绑住的；B. injured受伤的；C. lost丢失的；D. separated分离的。根据后文“He got it into the house and took good care of it”可知，约翰将它带回家悉心照料，说明小浣熊的状态是脚部受伤。 4．考查副词。句意：日子一天天过去，这只现在被取名为洛基的浣熊永久地和约翰生活在了一起，给约翰带来了乐趣和陪伴感，这是约翰此前从未体验过的。A. secretly秘密地；B. patiently耐心地；C. permanently永久地；D. accidentally意外地。根据后文“providing entertainment and a sense of companionship that John hadn’t”和“Rocky became a(n) ______ part of John’s life.”可知，它给约翰带来了乐趣和陪伴感，它成为了约翰生活里不可替代的部分，说明它长久地留在了约翰身边。 5．考查动词。句意同上。A. remembered记得；B. experienced体验过；C. requested要求；D. envisioned设想。根据前文“John lived alone in a small house away from the noise of city life”和“providing entertainment and a sense of companionship that John hadn’t”可知，约翰此前独自居住，这种有陪伴的感受是他过去没有体验过的。 6．考查名词。句意：一天，约翰的珍贵藏品——一块古董手表不见了。A. key钥匙；B. stone石头；C. medal奖章；D. watch手表。根据后文“But the watch was nowhere to be found”可知，后文提到丢失的物品是手表，对应此处失踪的藏品是古董手表。 7．考查动词。句意：他到处找，但没找到。A. failed失败，未能成功；B. stopped停下；C. struggled挣扎；D. calmed冷静。根据前文“He searched everywhere but”和后文“But the watch was nowhere to be found”可知，约翰翻遍了所有地方，却没能找到丢失的手表，搜寻行动以失败告终。 8．考查动词。句意：然后他意识到很可能是洛基把它藏了起来。A. destroyed毁坏；B. packed打包；C. hid藏起来；D. restored修复。根据后文“As John explored deeper into Rocky’s world, he ______ a pile of hidden treasures. From shiny stones to lost keys”可知，约翰观察洛基的习惯并发现一堆隐藏的宝贝，可知洛基有藏东西的习惯。 9．考查动词。句意：当约翰进一步探索洛基的小世界时，他发现了一堆被藏起来的宝贝。A. created创造；B. discovered发现；C. selected挑选；D. demonstrated展示。根据后文“a pile of hidden treasures”可知，约翰顺着洛基的踪迹，意外找到了一堆被藏匿的小物件。 10．考查动名词。句意：从闪亮的石头到丢失的钥匙，看起来洛基有收集东西的爱好。A. damaging破坏；B. building建造；C. digging挖掘；D. collecting收集。根据前文“As John explored deeper into Rocky’s world, he ______ a pile of hidden treasures”可知，约翰顺着洛基的踪迹，意外找到了一堆被藏匿的小物件，说明洛基有收集小物件的爱好。 11．考查动词短语。句意：就在约翰准备放弃的时候，洛基给了他一个惊喜。A. take off起飞；B. give up放弃；C. set off出发；D. show up出现。根据前文“But the watch was nowhere to be found”和“Just as John was about to”可知，约翰找了很久都没看到手表的踪影，此时他已经快要放弃寻找了。 12．考查动词。句意：它领着约翰来到了一棵空心树旁，在那里的一堆小物件里，就放着那块失踪的手表。A. led带领；B. accompanied陪伴；C. permitted允许；D. forced强迫。根据后文“John to a hollow (中空) tree”可知，洛基主动在前面引路，带着约翰找到了藏手表的地点。 13．考查名词。句意：然后他几乎抑制不住自己的喜悦。A. anger愤怒；B. joy喜悦；C. coldness冷漠；D. doubt怀疑。根据前文“It _______ John to a hollow (中空) tree, and there, among various small articles, was the missing watch.”可知，约翰找回了自己珍贵的古董手表，此刻的情绪是难以掩饰的喜悦。 14．考查形容词。句意：约翰意识到，曾经安静的小屋现在充满了刺激和不可预知性。A. bright明亮的；B. spacious宽敞的；C. quiet安静的；D. messy杂乱的。根据前文“John lived alone in a small house away from the noise of city life”可知，故事开头提到约翰独自住在远离城市喧嚣的小屋里，过去的房子氛围是安静的。 15．考查形容词。句意：洛基成了约翰生活里不可替代的一部分。A. awkward尴尬的；B. unaffordable负担不起的；C. private私人的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据前文“providing entertainment and a sense of companionship that John hadn’t”和“John realized the once ______ house was now filled with excitement and unpredictability”可知，洛基给独居的约翰带来了陪伴和全新的生活乐趣，曾经安静的小屋现在充满了刺激和不可预知性，彻底融入了他的日常，成了无法被取代的存在。 Passage 7 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC． Blessed with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource, comparable in scale and economic impact 1 that of timber, secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo 2 (prize) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in 3 (tough) and strength but in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed to trees such as oak or teak, 4 can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus 5 (permit) repeated harvest without replanting. In Anji, a county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo 6 (replace) plastic in various products to date. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering 7 area of about 80 percent of the size of New York City 8 a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative to plastic. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, rejuvenating rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted 9 (initiate) dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. Transformation, innovation, collaboration, and 10 (sustainable) grown natural treasures all form part of humanity’s shared heritage. 【答案】 1．to 2．is prized 3．toughness 4．which 5．permitting 6．has replaced 7．an 8．and 9．to initiate 10．sustainably 【导语】文章主要介绍中国竹子的多功能性、环保优势及产业发展。 【详解】1．考查固定搭配。句意：拥有丰富的竹林资源，中国是世界上最大的竹制品生产国，这种在规模和经济影响力上可与木材相媲美的资源，巩固了其在全球市场的主导地位。固定搭配comparable...to...，表示“与……相当/相媲美”，其中to为介词。 2．考查动词语态。句意：竹子逐渐发展成为一种环保替代品，因其卓越的绿色属性而受到珍视。本空主语bamboo和动词prize是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用is prized。 3．考查名词。句意：它的优势不仅在于韧性和强度，还在于快速生长和可再生性。本空位于介词in之后，和并列的名词strength共同作宾语，需将形容词tough变为名词形式toughness。 4．考查定语从句。句意：与橡木或柚木这类需要十多年才能成熟的树木不同，竹子仅需4到6年就能达到可收获的阶段，因此无需重新种植就可以实现多次收获。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是trees such as oak or teak，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：与橡木或柚木这类需要十多年才能成熟的树木不同，竹子仅需4到6年就能达到可收获的阶段，因此无需重新种植就可以实现多次收获。本句谓语为reaches，此处为非谓语动词，本空用现在分词作结果状语，描述整句话描述的情况带来的自然结果。 6．考查动词时态。句意：在浙江省西北部的安吉县，迄今为止竹子已经在各类产品中替代了塑料。本空有标志性时间状语to date，意为“迄今为止”，时态用现在完成时，主语为bamboo，谓语用has replaced。 7．考查冠词。句意：拥有666平方公里的竹林，覆盖面积约为纽约市面积的80%，且有着悠久的竹子利用历史。固定搭配an area of...，表示“……的面积”，area以元音音素开头，本空用冠词an。 8．考查连词。句意：拥有666平方公里的竹林，覆盖面积约为纽约市面积的80%，且有着悠久的竹子利用历史。本空连接两个并列的名词短语，分别描述安吉的竹林规模和竹利用历史，用and连接。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：安吉正推进以竹子为核心的发展，以此开启与自然的对话、倡导更绿色的未来。本空用不定式to initiate作目的状语，说明推广竹产业发展的目的。 10．考查副词。句意：转型、创新、协作以及可持续生长的自然宝藏，共同构成了人类共享遗产的一部分。本空修饰后面的过去分词grown，作状语，需将形容词sustainable变为副词形式sustainably。 迁移应用篇 一、翻译句子 1.正是通过建立严格的跨国野生动物贸易禁令，而非仅仅依赖公众自觉，我们才能真正遏制物种灭绝的加速；否则，到本世纪末，超过一半的现存濒危物种将永远从地球上消失。 . . . 2.如果各国政府能优先投资于基因库和人工繁殖技术，那么那些因栖息地破碎化而难以自然恢复种群的物种，就有可能获得重生的机会——而这恰恰是当下最被忽视的补救措施。 . . . 3.采用社区参与的生态巡逻模式，并借助卫星监控实时追踪偷猎者的行踪，我们才得以将保护工作下沉到最脆弱的区域——正是这些区域，承载着全球超过70%的濒危脊椎动物。 . . . 【答案】1.It is through establishing stringent cross‑border wildlife trade bans, rather than merely relying on public self‑discipline, that we can truly curb the acceleration of species extinction; otherwise, more than half of the extant endangered species would have vanished from the earth permanently by the end of this century. 2.Were governments to give priority to investing in gene banks and captive breeding technologies, those species that find it difficult to recover their populations naturally due to habitat fragmentation would stand a chance of being revived—which is precisely the most overlooked remedial measure at present. 3.Adopting community‑based ecological patrol models and leveraging satellite surveillance to track poachers’ movements in real time, we are able to devolve conservation efforts down to the most vulnerable areas—and it is these very areas that host over 70% of the world’s endangered vertebrates. 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将于下周三下午举办一个以“保护野生动物”为主题的英文演讲比赛。请你代表学校学生会写一封邮件，邀请英国交换生Lucy参加该活动。内容包括： 1.写邮件的目的； 2.时间、地点：下周三下午3:00-5:00在学校学术报告厅； 3.说明演讲比赛的意义。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.参考词汇：学术报告厅Academic Lecture Hall Dear Lucy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Lucy, I am here on behalf of the Students’ Union to invite you to take part in an English speech contest. The contest whose topic is Protect the Wildlife will be held from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Wednesday in our Academic Lecture Hall. We hope that the students can learn to respect nature and protect the wildlife from the contest. As we know, only by living in harmony with the wildlife can we make the world a better place. Therefore, we do wish the participants can share their ideas on how to protect the wildlife. Besides, if you want to come, please email me before this Saturday. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学校学生会给英国交换生Lucy写邮件，邀请她参加下周三下午举办的以“保护野生动物”为主题的英文演讲比赛，需说明写邮件的目的、活动的时间地点以及比赛的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代表：on behalf of → representing 参加：take part in → participate in 比赛：contest → competition 回复：reply → response 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I am here on behalf of the Students’ Union to invite you to take part in an English speech contest. 拓展句：Representing the Students’ Union, I am here to invite you to take part in an English speech contest. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The contest whose topic is Protect the Wildlife will be held from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Wednesday in our Academic Lecture Hall.(运用了whose引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】As we know, only by living in harmony with the wildlife can we make the world a better place.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句以及“only+介词短语”置于句首引出的部分倒装). 三、读后续写 In Sydney, Australia, there was a wildlife sanctuary (野生动物保护区) named “Bush Haven Sanctuary”, nestled in the lush forests on the outskirts of the city. The sanctuary cared for a variety of injured Australian animals, including playful kangaroos, curious koalas, talkative parrots and fat wombats (袋熊). It was a popular spot for families and nature lovers, who came to learn about wildlife conservation and interact with the gentle creatures. However, a sudden outbreak of an infectious plant disease forced the sanctuary to close to the public in early March this year, with the closure expected to last at least three months to prevent the disease from spreading further. Without the crowds of visitors, the sanctuary fell into an unusual silence. The animals, which had grown accustomed to the daily presence of humans — their laughter, gentle touches, and curious questions — now only saw the sanctuary staff. Soon, strange changes began to happen. The young koala named Lila, who once loved climbing onto visitors’ laps to have some eucalyptus (桉树) leaves, stopped eating properly and spent all day huddled in the corner of her tree hollow, refusing to move. One afternoon, after the caretaker Mia placed a fresh pile of eucalyptus branches in Lila’s cage, the koala didn’t even glance at them. She just stared blankly at the empty path where visitors used to walk. “She’s never been like this before,” Mia muttered anxiously. Dr. Carter, a wildlife veterinarian (兽医), was called to check on Lila. He examined her thoroughly and ruled out any physical illness. “Her body is healthy, so it might be stress or something related to the environment,” he said, scratching his chin thoughtfully. “Maybe we can adjust her cage to make it more comfortable and see if that helps.” But a week later, Lila’s condition didn’t improve. She had lost weight, and her fur looked dull. Desperate, the sanctuary team held a meeting. “We’ve tried everything for her physical health,” Mia said, her voice heavy. “What else could be wrong?” Then, the oldest caretaker at the sanctuary, Grandpa Joe, spoke up slowly: “Could it be that Lila misses the visitors? She’s always been the most social koala here.” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para.1 While everyone was doubtful, they agreed to give Grandpa Joe’s idea a try. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para.2 As Lila’s spirits lifted, the sanctuary team realized the solution might work for other animals too. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 While everyone was doubtful, they agreed to give Grandpa Joe’s idea a try. Mia played the sounds of visitors laughing and talking, which she had recorded before the closure. They also put some items that visitors usually brought, like toys and hats, near the cages. At first, Lila just stared at these things. But after a while, she slowly moved out of her tree hollow and sniffed at the toys. Then she actually reached out and took a small hat in her paw, which made everyone in the room cheer with joy. As Lila’s spirits lifted, the sanctuary team realized the solution might work for other animals too. They did the same for the kangaroos, parrots and wombats. The kangaroos, which had been lying around lazily, started to jump around happily when they heard the familiar sounds. The parrots, which had stopped singing, began to chirp again. The wombats, which had been hiding in their burrows, came out and explored their surroundings. The sanctuary was once again filled with life and energy, and it was all because they understood the importance of the emotional connection between animals and humans. 【导语】本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了在悉尼“Bush Haven Sanctuary”野生动物保护区，一只名叫莉拉的小考拉因保护区关闭、游客减少而出现精神萎靡、食欲不振的情况，兽医检查后排除身体疾病，大家尝试各种方法无果后，老饲养员乔爷爷提出可能是莉拉想念游客，大家决定尝试乔爷爷的办法来改善莉拉状况的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“虽然大家都心存疑虑，但还是同意试试乔爷爷的主意。”可知，第一段可描写大家为吸引游客模拟游客场景，莉拉逐渐恢复活力的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“随着莉拉的精神好转，保护区团队意识到这个办法或许对其他动物也有效。”可知，第二段可描写团队用同样方法帮助其他动物，保护区恢复生机，强调人与动物情感联系的重要性。 2.续写线索：模拟游客场景——莉拉逐渐恢复——尝试帮助其他动物——保护区恢复生机——感悟人与动物情感联系 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①播放声音：play the sounds/let the sounds out ②放置物品：put the items/place the objects ③欢快地欢呼：cheer with joy/shout with joy/exclaim with delight 情绪类 ①开心地：happily/delightedly/joyfully ②充满希望：be full of hope/be hopeful 【点睛】【高分句型1】Mia played the sounds of visitors laughing and talking, which she had recorded before the closure. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】The sanctuary was once again filled with life and energy, and it was all because they understood the importance of the emotional connection between animals and humans. (运用了because引导的表语从句) $ Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D Passage 2 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 3 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D Passage 4 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 5 1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．C Passage 6 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D Passage 7 1．to 2．is prized 3．toughness 4．which 5．permitting 6．has replaced 7．an 8．and 9．to initiate 10．sustainably 迁移应用篇 一、翻译句子 1.It is through establishing stringent cross‑border wildlife trade bans, rather than merely relying on public self‑discipline, that we can truly curb the acceleration of species extinction; otherwise, more than half of the extant endangered species would have vanished from the earth permanently by the end of this century. 2.Were governments to give priority to investing in gene banks and captive breeding technologies, those species that find it difficult to recover their populations naturally due to habitat fragmentation would stand a chance of being revived—which is precisely the most overlooked remedial measure at present. 3.Adopting community‑based ecological patrol models and leveraging satellite surveillance to track poachers’ movements in real time, we are able to devolve conservation efforts down to the most vulnerable areas—and it is these very areas that host over 70% of the world’s endangered vertebrates. 二、应用文写作 Dear Lucy, I am here on behalf of the Students’ Union to invite you to take part in an English speech contest. The contest whose topic is Protect the Wildlife will be held from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Wednesday in our Academic Lecture Hall. We hope that the students can learn to respect nature and protect the wildlife from the contest. As we know, only by living in harmony with the wildlife can we make the world a better place. Therefore, we do wish the participants can share their ideas on how to protect the wildlife. Besides, if you want to come, please email me before this Saturday. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 三、读后续写 While everyone was doubtful, they agreed to give Grandpa Joe’s idea a try. Mia played the sounds of visitors laughing and talking, which she had recorded before the closure. They also put some items that visitors usually brought, like toys and hats, near the cages. At first, Lila just stared at these things. But after a while, she slowly moved out of her tree hollow and sniffed at the toys. Then she actually reached out and took a small hat in her paw, which made everyone in the room cheer with joy. As Lila’s spirits lifted, the sanctuary team realized the solution might work for other animals too. They did the same for the kangaroos, parrots and wombats. The kangaroos, which had been lying around lazily, started to jump around happily when they heard the familiar sounds. The parrots, which had stopped singing, began to chirp again. The wombats, which had been hiding in their burrows, came out and explored their surroundings. The sanctuary was once again filled with life and energy, and it was all because they understood the importance of the emotional connection between animals and humans. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：The Economist）THE EUROPEAN UNION's carbon price is an economist's dream. The bloc's emissions-trading scheme (ETS) distributes rights to emit greenhouse gases to firms in electricity generation, heavy industry and aviation. Then it lets the market do the rest. It was phased in gradually, with all kinds of cushioning such as free allowances (not all of them justified) to give emitters plenty of time to adjust. Now, however, the system is starting to bite, which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition. On July 17th the European Commission is expected to reveal a watering down of the ETS amid worries that, since it is essentially a tax, it is hampering European competitiveness. Auctioning carbon allowances brought in around €40bn ($46bn) to the EU and its members in 2024. In March, ten EU member states, including Italy, Poland and Romania, urged the commission to conduct a thorough review of the scheme with an eye to helping electricity consumers and industry. Friedrich Merz, Germany's chancellor, worried that his country's manufacturing sector was wavering: "We should be very open to revise it, or at least to postpone it." Since then, the commission has worked on a plan that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete—all without breaching international trade rules. Industry's gripe is that it now costs about €80 to emit a tonne of carbon, and that price is expected to climb. This adds roughly three cents to the price of a gas-powered kWh (or about 10% to the retail price of power) and €11 to the ticket price for a three-hour flight. Almost all allowances for electricity generation and airlines have to be bought in auctions. Some industries that are exposed to international markets and high emission costs still receive many free allowances, as long as they continue to produce. That has shielded them from the impact of the carbon price. In fact, some companies in industries like metals and paper receive allowances for more greenhouse gases than they emit, says Bruegel, a Brussels-based think-tank, resulting in a handsome profit. The EU has brought in a tax called the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Importers of energy-intensive goods like steel or fertiliser must pay the EU's emissions price on the carbon embedded in the imported good, unless the country of origin has its own carbon-pricing scheme. But the EU cannot go on giving its own producers free allowances without flouting international trade rules. As CBAM payments are phased in until 2034, free allowances will be phased out. The switch from free allowances to CBAM will leave one large gap: exports. Inside the European market, all producers, domestic or foreign, will have to pay a carbon price. But when competing in export markets, EU producers will be the only ones paying it, leaving them at a disadvantage. Worse still, exempting exports from the carbon price would be considered an export subsidy that breaches WTO rules. 【全文翻译】 欧盟的碳价制度堪称经济学家眼中的理想方案。欧盟碳排放交易体系（ETS）向发电、重工业以及航空领域的企业分配温室气体排放配额，之后交由市场完成后续调节。该体系分阶段落地实施，配套各类缓冲机制，例如免费排放配额（并非所有配额都具备合理依据），给排放企业充足时间完成调整。然而如今，这套制度开始显现约束效力，这便让它成了政客们的绝佳替罪羊。这些政客正疲于抑制能源价格暴涨，同时还要保护处境艰难的本土产业，使其免受全球竞争冲击。 出于担忧——该体系本质上相当于一种税收，会削弱欧洲的竞争力，欧盟委员会预计将于7月17日公布对碳排放交易体系的弱化调整方案。2024年，碳配额拍卖为欧盟及其成员国带来约400亿欧元（折合460亿美元）的财政收入。 今年3月，包括意大利、波兰、罗马尼亚在内的十个欧盟成员国敦促欧盟委员会对该体系开展全面评估，力求兼顾电力消费者与工业企业的利益。德国总理弗里德里希·默茨对本国制造业根基动摇表示担忧：“我们应当以开放的态度修订该体系，至少要暂缓推进相关要求。”自此，欧盟委员会一直在制定方案，试图调和相互矛盾的两大目标：既要削减温室气体排放，又要保障欧盟本土产业的竞争力，同时全程不得违反国际贸易规则。 工业界的不满在于，当前每吨碳排放的成本约80欧元，且碳价预计还会继续走高。这会使燃气发电每千瓦时的成本增加约3欧分，约占电力零售价格的10%；一趟三小时航程的机票价格也会因此增加11欧元。发电行业与航空业几乎全部配额都必须通过拍卖购买。部分直面国际市场、碳排放成本高昂的产业，只要维持生产，依旧能够获取大量免费配额，以此抵消碳价带来的冲击。但布鲁塞尔智库布吕格尔研究所指出，金属、造纸等部分行业的企业拿到的配额，甚至超过其实际的碳排放量，企业借此赚取丰厚利润。 欧盟出台了名为碳边境调节机制（CBAM）的税收政策。钢铁、化肥等高耗能商品的进口商，必须就进口商品内含的碳排放缴纳欧盟碳价，除非商品原产国已经实行本国碳定价机制。但如果欧盟持续为本国生产商提供免费配额，就会违背国际贸易规则。随着碳边境调节机制缴费义务逐步推行至2034年，免费配额也将同步逐步取消。 从免费配额过渡到碳边境调节机制，会暴露出一大漏洞：出口业务。在欧盟内部市场，无论本土还是境外生产商，都必须缴纳碳价。但在海外出口市场竞争时，只有欧盟企业需要承担碳成本，这将使其处于竞争劣势。更棘手的是，如果对出口商品豁免碳价，会被认定为出口补贴，违反世界贸易组织规则。 【核心词汇】 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. bloc n. 集团，共同体 2. emissions‑trading scheme (ETS) 碳排放交易体系 3. greenhouse gases 温室气体 4. phase in 分阶段推行，逐步实施 5. cushioning n. 缓冲措施 6. allowance n.（排放）配额 7. justify v. 证明……合理 8. bite v. 产生约束效果，发挥实际作用 9. scapegoat n. 替罪羊 10. contain v. 抑制，管控 11. shield v. 保护，庇护 12. water down 削弱，淡化（政策力度） 13. hamper v. 妨碍，损害 14. auction v./n. 拍卖 15. chancellor n.（德国）总理 16. waver v. 动摇，岌岌可危 17. reconcile v. 调和，兼顾 18. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的 19. gripe n. 不满，抱怨 20. tonne n. 公吨 21. kWh abbr. 千瓦时 22. retail price 零售价格 23. think‑tank n. 智库 24. handsome profit 丰厚利润 25. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 碳边境调节机制 26. energy‑intensive adj. 高耗能的 27. embedded adj. 内含的，隐含的 28. flout v. 公然违背，无视 29. phase out 逐步废除，逐步取消 30. exempt v. 免除，豁免 31. subsidy n. 补贴 【长难句分析】 1.Now, however, the system is starting to bite, which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition. 句意： 然而，现在这个体系开始产生影响了，这让它成了那些努力控制飞涨的能源价格、保护陷入困境的行业免受全球竞争冲击的政客们的理想替罪羊。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the system is starting to bite，为主谓结构，“the system”是主语，“is starting to bite”是谓语。“which makes it a perfect scapegoat for politicians...”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，“which”在从句中作主语，“makes”是谓语，“it”是宾语，“a perfect scapegoat”是宾语补足语，“for politicians...”是状语，其中“struggling to contain soaring energy prices and to shield struggling industries from global competition”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“politicians”。 2. Since then, the commission has worked on a plan that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete—all without breaching international trade rules. 句意： 从那时起，欧盟委员会一直在制定一项计划，试图在削减温室气体排放的同时，让欧盟各行业参与竞争，以协调这两个相互矛盾的目标，而且所有这一切都要不违反国际贸易规则。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。“Since then”是时间状语，主句是the commission has worked on a plan，为主谓宾结构，“the commission”是主语，“has worked on”是谓语，“a plan”是宾语。“that tries to reconcile its contradictory goals...”是定语从句，修饰先行词“a plan”，“that”在从句中作主语，“tries”是谓语，“to reconcile its contradictory goals...”是宾语，“of cutting greenhouse gas emissions while allowing the bloc's industries to compete”是后置定语，修饰“goals”，“while allowing...”是省略结构，省略了“it is”，“all without breaching international trade rules”是补充说明成分。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 From beaches across Mexico, groups of women in diving gear who call themselves “sirens”, or mermaids, are taking on the ocean’s ghosts. Starting their days at 6 a.m., they search for and remove one of the most dangerous types of ocean pollution: “ghost gear”, or abandoned fishing equipment. The women work with a Conservation International-Mexico program that trains and certifies divers to tackle this growing problem. Over about five years, Conservation International has trained roughly 100 divers around the world to safely get back ghost gear along coasts. Beyond removing the gear from ecosystems, the program aims to show people in coastal communities the problem of abandoned fishing equipment first-hand. “The cleanup isn’t always straightforward if a fishing net has been there long enough to become part of the ecosystem,” says Jimenez, a marine biologist and senior research coordinator. “Some are quite old,” he says. “Nets that are a few decades old have been incorporated into algae (藻类), coral, other organisms — and if you’re going to remove them, then you’re destroying a habitat.” But other sections of the same net might be dangerous and could be harming animals by ghost fishing. To address this issue, Jimenez developed a modified version of a known measurement to evaluate whether a particular piece of fishing gear should be removed. This new scale, which takes into account regional considerations in the Mediterranean, as well as whether and how organisms are using the debris (残骸) as a home, was described in August in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. He hopes it can help local governments and other organizations decide which fishing gear to remove, without accidentally harming the ecosystem even more. Many fishing nets in Jimenez’s area now have identification tags, so they can be linked to individuals or commercial fisheries when divers recover lost nets. And while accidents happen, if one person is consistently losing gear, or losing it in protected areas, having that gear labeled can flag up the problem. “As soon as your gear is identifiable, then you feel a different level of responsibility,” says Jimenez. “Your attitude will change a bit.” 1．What is the main objective of the “sirens”? A．To punish irresponsible fishing in the sea. B．To get rid of abandoned fishing equipment. C．To raise awareness of endangered ocean creatures. D．To prevent the coastal communities from being harmed. 2．Why might removing old nets be problematic? A．They can have a long life. B．They have destroyed a habitat. C．There are too many kinds of animals. D．They have become a naturalized component. 3．What is new about Jimenez’s scale? A．It avoids accidentally harming the ecosystem. B．It considers regional factors and habitat use. C．It evaluates different parts of the fishing gear. D．It tells diverse regions and organisms from each other. 4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Labeling gear is a once-and-for-all solution. B．Responsibility helps change one’s attitude to life. C．Addressing ghost gear is a matter of great urgency. D．Identification tags increase fishermen’s responsibility. Passage 2 Bodegas were established by Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants (移民) living in New York City in the 1950 and 60’s, to sell things to overnight workers. Over the years, these stores have also been owned by Yemenis, Egyptians, Pakistanis and Indians, but the name bodega has stuck. Many of the Bodegas stores have cats, not just as companion pets, but also to take care of mice and attract customers. But strictly speaking, these cats are illegal in New York City. In 2022, Dan Rimada started posting pictures of bodega cats on social media. “So, I started the Bodega Cats of New York Instagram account. It’s been pretty successful,” he said, laughing. “The intention was not to start a bodega cat Instagram, I was taking photos of bodega cats. And then people started sending me photos of their bodega cats and then it just kind of grew from there.” Rimada is a businessman selling clothing and stickers on an Etsy page. He leads cat tours in the city and is working on a coffee table book. “Between 30% and 40% of bodegas in New York City probably have cats,” he said. “And some have become famous.” Comedian Michelladonna has become something of a TikTok superstar, hosting Shop Cats Show, producing 90-second TikTok videos, where she speaks with bodega owners, customers and plays with the cats. Keeping a cat is a business necessity for bodega owners, despite being illegal. Rimada explained, “It’s just one of those things where you have to face a fine. You get a fine for having a cat or get a bigger fine for having a mice problem.” Rimada made a call to make the cats legal and he’s also cooperated with Shop Cats Show and other Internet sites to set up a $30,000 fundraiser to make sure bodega cats can visit vets (兽医) for free and that those healthy cats can continue to delight customers. 1．Why were bodegas originally established? A．To sell working animals. B．To serve overnight workers. C．To provide clinical assistants. D．To promote immigrant culture. 2．What led to the beginning of Dan Rimada’s Instagram account? A．Sharing photos. B．Advertising Etsy. C．Legalizing bodega cats. D．Interviewing shop owners. 3．What can be inferred about Bodega cats from paragraph 3? A．They brought wealth to their owners. B．They are well-received by the public. C．They are taken advantage of improperly. D．They discourage owners from business operations. 4．What’s Rimada concerned about? A．Shop profits. B．Adoption costs. C．Legal status of his Internet site. D．Bodega cats’ physical conditions. Passage 3 Mike Dick, a seventh-grade teacher at Gateway Middle School, was named Outstanding Conservation Educator for his efforts in helping the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶) population. Six years ago, Dick and his students did a little monarch research and found out just how dramatically their numbers were falling. Educators from Toledo Zoo brought several butterflies to Gateway for his students to tag (加标签) and release. “That’s when we realized that we had no milkweed — or anything else — here on Gateway’s campus for the butterflies to eat,” Dick explained. In response to it, he and his students, along with the help of Toledo Zoo and teachers at Gateway, engaged in a problem-based learning project to create a 10,000-square-foot urban prairie (草原) on the school grounds. Located across the parking lot and behind the bus garage, it’s been the optimal site because it’s easily accessible but out of the way of daily traffic. “We have a wide variety of birds, butterflies and bugs in that little space, and all kinds of unique plants,” Dick said. This was the original Prairie Project. Since then, they have added several schools and members and now have 19 buildings with a total of about 7.5 acres of prairie. Throughout the process, Toledo Zoo has been an amazing partner. Toledo Zoo’s curator (负责人) of education Mitch Magdich teamed up with Dick to write standards-based lessons for grades 1-8, making it easier for teachers to use their prairies as outdoor classrooms and lab spaces. “For example, every September, all 19 partnering schools do a Prairie Bioblitz, where we take pictures of all the living things that we can find and upload them to an app called iNaturalist. This is always a rewarding experience!” Dick said. “I think our little prairie spaces are providing meaningful, hands-on experiences that are truly unique. Kids today are actively looking for ways to make a difference. Our prairies not only make them aware of the environment, but also show the kids what role they can play in protecting and conserving our natural resources,” Dick said. 1．What led to the creation of the Gateway prairie? A．A systematic study on milkweed. B．A decline in the monarch butterfly population. C．A lack of food sources for butterflies on campus. D．A recommendation from Toledo Zoo educators. 2．What do the underlined words “the optimal site” in paragraph 3 mean? A．The most suitable place. B．The quietest location. C．The largest possible area. D．The least frequented spot. 3．What is the purpose of the Prairie Bioblitz? A．To reward those finding the most species. B．To protect endangered species in urban prairies. C．To record the biodiversity within urban prairies. D．To clean up the prairies and remove harmful species. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．A Journey in Education: The Life of Mike Dick B．Urban Prairies: The Home to Monarch Butterflies C．A Day at Toledo Zoo: Nature Education for Students D．The Butterfly Effect: Integrating Prairies and Campuses Passage 4 “Thank you for your email. I have left to pursue my dream of knitting (编织) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office…until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral (走红) online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks, but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters from all over the world to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins’ bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18 cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By telling a joke. B．By describing an email. C．By introducing a tutor. D．By quoting a famous saying. 2．What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Deadly. B．Common. C．Difficult. D．Temporary. 3．Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A．To make penguins look cute. B．To protect penguins from the cold. C．To help penguins affected by oil spills. D．To raise awareness of climate change. 4．What did the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A．It brought unexpected benefits. B．It required strict size guidelines. C．It would be a long-term solution. D．It inspired a global love of knitting. Passage 5 Tuvalu is an island country. It is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (青绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, Tuvalu is at risk of no longer existing because of the rising sea level. Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger. 1 Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea level rises, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland, destroying the little amount of soil that Tuvaluans have to grow crops. Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough. 2 Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish. More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water. 3 Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Niña (拉尼娜现象), Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency. 4 Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. 5 They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change. A．This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. B．And as a member of the United Nations, they are just doing that. C．However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. D．Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. E．Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible role in reducing gas emissions. F．It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. G．Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. Passage 6 John lived alone in a small house away from the noise of city life. One day, John heard a slight scratching (抓挠（声）) at his 1 . Opening the door, he was taken aback. Standing there was a small raccoon (浣熊), which was looking up at him, seemingly asking for 2 . After examining it, John found one of its feet was 3 . He got it into the house and took good care of it. Days turned into weeks, and the raccoon, now named Rocky, lived 4 with John, providing entertainment and a sense of companionship that John hadn’t 5 . One day, John’s prized possession, an antique 6 , went missing. He searched everywhere but 7 . Then he realized Rocky probably 8 it. John followed Rocky, observing his habits. As John explored deeper into Rocky’s world, he 9 a pile of hidden treasures. From shiny stones to lost keys, it seemed that Rocky had a hobby for 10 . But the watch was nowhere to be found. Just as John was about to 11 , Rocky surprised him. It 12 John to a hollow (中空) tree, and there, among various small articles, was the missing watch. Rocky looked up at John, as if he was proud. At the sight of those, John stood there, surprised and excited, with his mouth wide open. Then he could hardly contain his 13 . John realized the once 14 house was now filled with excitement and unpredictability. Rocky became a(n) 15 part of John’s life. 1．A．door B．table C．window D．side 2．A．shelter B．permission C．food D．help 3．A．tied B．injured C．lost D．separated 4．A．secretly B．patiently C．permanently D．accidentally 5．A．remembered B．experienced C．requested D．envisioned 6．A．key B．stone C．medal D．watch 7．A．failed B．stopped C．struggled D．calmed 8．A．destroyed B．packed C．hid D．restored 9．A．created B．discovered C．selected D．demonstrated 10．A．damaging B．building C．digging D．collecting 11．A．take off B．give up C．set off D．show up 12．A．led B．accompanied C．permitted D．forced 13．A．anger B．joy C．coldness D．doubt 14．A．bright B．spacious C．quiet D．messy 15．A．awkward B．unaffordable C．private D．irreplaceable Passage 7 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC． Blessed with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource, comparable in scale and economic impact 1 that of timber, secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo 2 (prize) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in 3 (tough) and strength but in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed to trees such as oak or teak, 4 can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus 5 (permit) repeated harvest without replanting. In Anji, a county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo 6 (replace) plastic in various products to date. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering 7 area of about 80 percent of the size of New York City 8 a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative to plastic. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, rejuvenating rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted 9 (initiate) dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. Transformation, innovation, collaboration, and 10 (sustainable) grown natural treasures all form part of humanity’s shared heritage. 迁移应用篇 一、翻译句子 1.正是通过建立严格的跨国野生动物贸易禁令，而非仅仅依赖公众自觉，我们才能真正遏制物种灭绝的加速；否则，到本世纪末，超过一半的现存濒危物种将永远从地球上消失。 . . . 2.如果各国政府能优先投资于基因库和人工繁殖技术，那么那些因栖息地破碎化而难以自然恢复种群的物种，就有可能获得重生的机会——而这恰恰是当下最被忽视的补救措施。 . . . 3.采用社区参与的生态巡逻模式，并借助卫星监控实时追踪偷猎者的行踪，我们才得以将保护工作下沉到最脆弱的区域——正是这些区域，承载着全球超过70%的濒危脊椎动物。 . . . 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将于下周三下午举办一个以“保护野生动物”为主题的英文演讲比赛。请你代表学校学生会写一封邮件，邀请英国交换生Lucy参加该活动。内容包括： 1.写邮件的目的； 2.时间、地点：下周三下午3:00-5:00在学校学术报告厅； 3.说明演讲比赛的意义。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.参考词汇：学术报告厅Academic Lecture Hall Dear Lucy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 三、读后续写 In Sydney, Australia, there was a wildlife sanctuary (野生动物保护区) named “Bush Haven Sanctuary”, nestled in the lush forests on the outskirts of the city. The sanctuary cared for a variety of injured Australian animals, including playful kangaroos, curious koalas, talkative parrots and fat wombats (袋熊). It was a popular spot for families and nature lovers, who came to learn about wildlife conservation and interact with the gentle creatures. However, a sudden outbreak of an infectious plant disease forced the sanctuary to close to the public in early March this year, with the closure expected to last at least three months to prevent the disease from spreading further. Without the crowds of visitors, the sanctuary fell into an unusual silence. The animals, which had grown accustomed to the daily presence of humans — their laughter, gentle touches, and curious questions — now only saw the sanctuary staff. Soon, strange changes began to happen. The young koala named Lila, who once loved climbing onto visitors’ laps to have some eucalyptus (桉树) leaves, stopped eating properly and spent all day huddled in the corner of her tree hollow, refusing to move. One afternoon, after the caretaker Mia placed a fresh pile of eucalyptus branches in Lila’s cage, the koala didn’t even glance at them. She just stared blankly at the empty path where visitors used to walk. “She’s never been like this before,” Mia muttered anxiously. Dr. Carter, a wildlife veterinarian (兽医), was called to check on Lila. He examined her thoroughly and ruled out any physical illness. “Her body is healthy, so it might be stress or something related to the environment,” he said, scratching his chin thoughtfully. “Maybe we can adjust her cage to make it more comfortable and see if that helps.” But a week later, Lila’s condition didn’t improve. She had lost weight, and her fur looked dull. Desperate, the sanctuary team held a meeting. “We’ve tried everything for her physical health,” Mia said, her voice heavy. “What else could be wrong?” Then, the oldest caretaker at the sanctuary, Grandpa Joe, spoke up slowly: “Could it be that Lila misses the visitors? She’s always been the most social koala here.” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para.1 While everyone was doubtful, they agreed to give Grandpa Joe’s idea a try. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para.2 As Lila’s spirits lifted, the sanctuary team realized the solution might work for other animals too. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $