Unit 6 Nurturing Nature（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 6 Nurturing Nature 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 环境相关：plateau（高原），ecosystem（生态系统），permafrost（永久冻土层）。 人物相关：conservationist（环境保护主义者），operator（经营者），applicant（申请人），candidate（申请者）。 自然相关：mirror - like（如镜面般的）。 行为动作类：claim（要求；声称），wander（徘徊，漫游），disturb（干扰，扰乱），advertise（征聘；公布），negotiate（谈判，协商）。 保护相关：conserve（保护，保存），advocate（拥护，提倡），stimulate（刺激，激发），minimize（使减少到最低限度）。 短语：in particular（尤其）be concerned about（对……担心）reach out（伸出；伸手拿……） in turn（依次；反过来）be made up of（由……组成）thanks to（多亏；由于） 时文拓展阅读 Climate change is the biggest threat for the Great Barrier Reef, and reefs worldwide. Other key threats include poor water quality, fishing impacts on protected and threatened species, marine debris and crown - of - thorns starfish outbreaks. We are taking increased action on climate change and investing in initiatives to protect and build the resilience of the reef. The Reef 2050 Long - term Sustainability Plan guides our actions to restore and protect the reef. Our investments are delivered through the Reef Trust. They are focused on priority areas and informed by science. The world heritage - listed Great Barrier Reef is one of the most complex natural ecosystems on earth. The reef is the biggest living structure on the planet, roughly the size of Italy or Japan – an area so large that it can be seen from space. Across its vast expanse are 35 catchments connecting a network of 3,000 coral reefs, shallow seagrass estuaries, inshore mangroves and deep oceanic waters. The reef is home to thousands of species of marine life, including 1,200 species of coral, 1,500 species of fish, 6 of the world’s 7 species of marine turtle, whales, dolphins, plus a great diversity of sponges, anemones, marine worms and crustaceans. Its islands, beaches and coastal areas provide important habitats for approximately 80 percent of Australia’s shorebird species. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the traditional owners of the Great Barrier Reef area, with continuing connections to the land and sea country dating back more than 60,000 years. An international icon, and Australia’s most acclaimed natural asset, the reef and its catchment area attracts millions of visitors every year. And it is an important part of the social and economic fabric of numerous communities living in the region. The reef is under pressure from a range of threats, including climate change, poor water quality and crown - of - thorns starfish outbreaks. But there is hope. To ensure that one of Australia’s national treasures is protected for future generations, the Australian government is taking increased action on climate change and funding initiatives to build the reef’s long - term resilience. This is helping to deliver targets outlined in the Reef 2050 Plan, which is Australia’s framework for protecting and managing the Great Barrier Reef. Through our investments in the reef, we are: improving the quality of water flowing to the reef; supporting world - leading reef management; accelerating the development of restoration and adaptation measures to help the reef adapt to climate change; and empowering people to care for the reef through strong partnerships and collaboration. 【译文欣赏】 气候变化是大堡礁乃至全球珊瑚礁面临的最大威胁。其他主要威胁包括水质恶化、捕鱼活动对受保护和濒危物种的影响、海洋垃圾以及棘冠海星的爆发。 我们正在加大应对气候变化的行动力度，并投资于各种举措，以保护大堡礁并增强其恢复力。《大堡礁2050年长期可持续发展计划》指导着我们恢复和保护大堡礁的行动。我们的投资通过“大堡礁信托基金”进行，这些投资基于科学依据，集中在优先领域。 被列入世界遗产名录的大堡礁是地球上最复杂的自然生态系统之一。它是地球上最大的生物结构体，面积大致相当于意大利或日本——大到从太空中都能看到。在其广阔的区域内，有35个集水区，连接着由3000个珊瑚礁、浅海海草河口、近海红树林和深海海域组成的网络。 大堡礁是数千种海洋生物的家园，包括1200种珊瑚、1500种鱼类，世界上7种海龟中的6种，还有鲸鱼、海豚，以及种类繁多的海绵、海葵、海洋蠕虫和甲壳类动物。其岛屿、海滩和沿海地区为澳大利亚约80%的滨鸟物种提供了重要的栖息地。 原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民是大堡礁地区的传统所有者，他们与这片陆地和海洋的联系可以追溯到6万多年前。 作为一个国际标志和澳大利亚最受赞誉的自然资产，大堡礁及其集水区每年吸引着数百万游客。它是该地区众多社区社会和经济结构的重要组成部分。 大堡礁面临着一系列威胁带来的压力，包括气候变化、水质恶化和棘冠海星的爆发。但仍有希望。为了确保澳大利亚的这一国宝能为子孙后代所保护，澳大利亚政府正在加大应对气候变化的行动力度，并为增强大堡礁长期恢复力的举措提供资金支持。 这有助于实现《大堡礁2050年计划》中概述的目标，该计划是澳大利亚保护和管理大堡礁的框架。通过我们对大堡礁的投资，我们正在：改善流入大堡礁的水质；支持世界领先的珊瑚礁管理；加速制定恢复和适应措施，以帮助大堡礁适应气候变化；通过强大的伙伴关系和合作，让人们有能力保护大堡礁。 【词汇积累】 • marine debris：海洋垃圾 • crown - of - thorns starfish：棘冠海星 • resilience：n. 恢复力，适应力 • sustainability：n. 可持续性 • catchment：n. 集水区 • estuary：n. 河口，江口 • mangrove：n. 红树林 • sponge：n. 海绵 • anemone：n. 海葵 • crustacean：n. 甲壳类动物 • shorebird：n. 滨鸟 • acclaimed：adj. 备受赞誉的 • fabric：n. 结构，构造 【知识拓展】 大堡礁生态系统：大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群，拥有极其丰富的生物多样性，其复杂的生态系统对于维持海洋生态平衡至关重要，不仅为众多海洋生物提供了栖息地，还在碳循环、海岸保护等方面发挥着重要作用。 气候变化对珊瑚礁的影响：气候变化导致海水温度升高，会引发珊瑚白化现象，使珊瑚失去共生藻类而死亡。此外，海平面上升、极端气候事件增多等也会对珊瑚礁造成破坏，威胁其生存。 原住民与大堡礁：澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民与大堡礁有着深厚的历史和文化联系，他们的传统知识和管理方式对于大堡礁的保护也具有重要意义。 【词汇延伸】 与海洋相关词汇：ocean（海洋）、sea（海）、marine（海洋的）、coral reef（珊瑚礁）、sealife（海洋生物）、tide（潮汐）等。 与生态保护相关词汇：ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、habitat（栖息地）、endangered species（濒危物种）、conservation（保护）、sustainable development（可持续发展）等。 高考真题链接 （2025年全国高考一卷） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 命题特点 基于原文，高于原文：答案需以原文内容为依据，但不会直接照搬原文句子，需通过逻辑推理（如因果、对比、归纳等）得出。 涉及隐含信息：题目常围绕作者的态度、观点、意图，或事件的原因、结果、下一步发展等隐含内容设问。 标志性提问方式：常见提问词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, probably, most likely 等。 命题规律 定位明确，聚焦细节关联：题目通常对应原文某一段落或几个相邻句子，需结合上下文细节（如转折词 but/however、因果词 so/therefore 等）推断，避免脱离原文泛化理解。 关注作者态度与语气：常通过形容词（如 positive, critical）、副词（如 unfortunately, surprisingly）或特殊句式（如反问句）暗示态度，需捕捉这类“情感线索词”。 避免“过度推理”：命题时会严格控制推断的“度”，正确答案需是原文可合理推导的结论，而非主观臆断或延伸到原文未涉及的内容。 推理判断题解题思维 定位原文，找“推理依据”：先根据题干关键词（如段落号、专有名词）定位到原文相关句，标记与问题相关的细节（如时间、数据、观点等）。 梳理逻辑，抓“隐含关系”：若涉及因果，需区分“原文直接说明的原因”和“需推断的深层原因”；若涉及对比，需通过“差异”推断作者侧重或暗示的内容；若涉及观点，需结合作者用词的情感色彩判断态度。 验证选项，排“不合理项”：若选项与原文直接矛盾，排除；若选项是原文未提及的“新信息”，排除；若选项符合原文逻辑且可合理推导，保留。 推理判断干扰项特征 原文照搬，并非推断：选项内容是原文原句或仅换了个别词，看似正确，但这类“表层信息”并非推理题答案（推理题需“推断”，而非“复述”）。 过度推理，主观臆断：基于原文细节无限延伸，加入原文未提及的信息（如“作者可能还认为……”“未来一定会……”），超出合理推断范围。 偷换概念，混淆细节：选项中部分内容与原文一致，但关键信息被替换（如将“some”改为“all”，将“可能”改为“必然”），导致整体意思偏差。 与作者态度相反：若题目考查作者态度，干扰项可能与原文暗示的情感色彩相反（如原文用“problem”“worrisome”暗示负面态度，干扰项却说是“positive”）。 1.Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 分析： 主干是“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution” ；破折号后是并列的谓语结构（settled... 、stuck... 、filled... 、fallen... ），补充说明微塑料的分布，其中“stuck/filled/fallen”是过去分词作伴随状语，描述微塑料的状态 。 2.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 分析： 主干是“researchers... found that...” ；“published Wednesday... ”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰“study” ；that引导宾语从句，从句中“boiling... 、filtering... ”是动名词短语作主语，“— then filtering it after it cools —”是插入语，补充说明过程 。 3.Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. 分析： 主干是“this process relies on the water” ；“containing enough... ”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰“water” ；“to trap the plastics”是目的状语，说明水含碳酸钙的作用 。 1. a common source of ：……的常见来源 2. settle in ：定居于；栖息在 3. stick inside ：嵌入；卡在……里 4. fill the stomachs of ：填满……的胃 5. boiling and filtering ：煮沸并过滤 6. rely on ：依赖；依靠 7. lead to ：导致；造成 8. focus on ：聚焦于；专注于 9. a potential path forward for ：……的潜在前进路径 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·四川南充一模） Family-Friendly Events in January ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19 The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city’s zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities. Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18 The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts. On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, dtmesafest.com, free admission. Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4 OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event. 9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, odyseainthedesert.com, free. Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7 Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all. Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St, Mesa, mesaartscenter.com, $93. 13．How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show? A．Bring a friend. B．Get a membership. C．Join a tour group. D．Book a ticket online. 14．What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest? A．Have free food. B．Take art classes. C．Enjoy real snow. D．Meet local artists. 15．Which event lasts the longest? A．ZooLights: Glow Wild. B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts. C．Youth Fine Arts Courses. D．Family Fun Winterfest. Passage 2 【宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2023-2024学年高三试题】 On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sites? The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”. The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla. Meanwhile, in Syria, where hundreds of thousands of refugees(难民) may be forced to return to unsafe homes, a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. He wondered what level of violence it would take to make the world care. There is, perhaps, no better way to appreciate the tragedy of 21st-century global inequality than by watching a billionaire spend $90m launching a $100,000 car into space. Musk said he wanted to participate in a space race because “races are exciting” and that while strapping his car to a rocket may be “silly and fun … silly and fun things are important”. Thus, anyone who mentions the huge waste the project involves, or the various social uses to which these resources could be put, can be dismissed as a killjoy. But one doesn’t have to hate fun to question the justification for pursuing a costly new space race at exactly this moment. If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like this. A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. Many might think that what Elon Musk chooses to do with his billions is Elon Musk’s business alone. If he wanted to spend all his money on medicine for children, that would be nice, but if he’d like to spend it making big explosions and sending his convertible on a million-mile space voyage, that’s his right. But Musk is only rich enough to afford these money-consuming projects because we have allowed social inequalities to arise in the first place. If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own private space program. Elon Musk is right: silly and fun things are important. But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. While there are still humanitarian crises such as that in Syria, nobody can justify vast spending on rocketry experiments. 37．Why does the writer mention the two pieces of news at the beginning of the passage? A．To illustrate the inequality of wealth distribution and the consequent inequality of attention distribution. B．To highlight the significance of SpaceX’s successful launch of a rocket and a car into space. C．To appeal to the government for more attention to the air strikes and refugee crisis in Syria. D．To find out which news dominated the mainstream news sites. 38．Why did the UN human rights coordinator for Syria feel disappointed? A．Because nobody appreciated his work and all the efforts he made. B．Because the violence in Syria is not serious enough to make the world care. C．Because however hard he tried, nobody seemed to care about the situation in Syria. D．Because he had great difficulty videotaping the effects of bombing. 39．What is implied in Paragraph 6 and 7? A．The space project of SpaceX cost the government too much money. B．It kills the fun to question the justification of the pursuit of space programs. C．Space programs are a waste of money that cannot be justified. D．Addressing problems of violence, poverty and diseases should be our top priority. 40．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．We should pay equal attention to space projects and solving social problems. B．No private companies should be allowed to spend money in rocketry experiments. C．The money and resources used in space projects could have been used to deal with various social problems. D．Elon Musk should be blamed for misleading the public. Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Cities are difficult to navigate (导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 13．What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B．The smart industry that is booming. C．The fact that the disabled traveled less. D．The role that the assistive tech plays. 14．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B．The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C．The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D．The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 15．What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A．To show the value of smart tech. B．To urge more attention to the blind. C．To increase the potential market share. D．To encourage tech research and development. 16．What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A．Confusing instructions. B．Poor navigation. C．Inclusive designs. D．High prices. Passage 4 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Painting The art of creating pictures using colors, shapes and lines is called painting. Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional artists. But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression. 31 Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger-paints to create paintings. Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion, to tell a story, to express feelings and ideas, or simply to present a pleasing picture. Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text. Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (肖像), or pictures of people. 32 All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way. Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people. In landscape (风景) paintings, the focus is on scenes from nature. Artists also paint still objects such as fruit and vegetables. 33 Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any objects. 34 Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. 35 Samples of painted pottery (陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran. The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings. People in ancient Greece painted on decorative objects such as vases in addition to the walls of temples. A．These works are called still lives. B．These works can communicate a special feeling. C．Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years. D．People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials. E．Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted. F．The design of a painting is the plan of its lines, shapes and colors. G．Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits. Passage5 （2024届·四川宜宾一模） Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? 36 . When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves. What is being true to yourself? Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. 37 , then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel. 38 When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. 39 , and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. How can I be true to myself? 40 , and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need. A．If you’re free and have nothing to do B．All of us feel pressure to fit in at times C．When do you need to be true to yourself? D．Why is it important to be true to yourself? E．If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book F．They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong G．One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people Passage6 （2024届·四川攀枝花一模） Some years ago, Dr. Paul Ruskin introduced an article to his students when teaching a class in a medical school. He gave a detailed description of the 101 under his care as follows: “This person is neither able to speak nor understand the spoken words. She is 102 about people, places, and time, but she does 103 to her name. I have worked with her for the past six 104 and she must be fed, bathed, and clothed by others, but she makes no effort to 105 her caretaker for his hard work. “Since she is 106 , her diet must be something liquid, for instance, milk. She does not walk. Her sleep time is 107 . Frequently she awakes in the middle of the night and her 108 annoys others. Most of the time she is quiet and adorable, 109 , several times a day she gets quite nervous without 110 cause. Then she shouts until someone comes to 111 her.” Dr. Ruskin then asked his students if any of them would like to volunteer to 112 this person after 113 this challenging case. 114 responded. Then Dr. Ruskin said, “I’m 115 that none of you offer to help, because actually she is my favorite patient. I get great 116 from caring about her and I am learning so much from her. She has taught me a depth of gratitude, the spirit of complete trust, and the power of 117 love I never knew before.” Then Dr. Ruskin took out her 118 and passed it around. It was her half-year-old daughter. I’m not sure exactly what the doctor’s point was when he 119 that lecture but it reminds me that our parents do things for us that we would never dream of doing in 120 . 101．A．colleague B．caretaker C．volunteer D．case 102．A．angry B．confused C．mad D．worried 103．A．respond B．admit C．refer D．stick 104．A．terms B．weeks C．months D．years 105．A．admire B．greet C．encourage D．thank 106．A．senseless B．breathless C．toothless D．homeless 107．A．fixed B．irregular C．limited D．adequate 108．A．chatting B．laughing C．talking D．crying 109．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 110．A．natural B．unbelievable C．common D．specific 111．A．blame B．complain to C．comfort D．question 112．A．care for B．operate on C．give treatment to D．research into 113．A．discussing B．presenting C．discovering D．solving 114．A．Anyone B．Someone C．No one D．Everyone 115．A．angry B．strange C．curious D．surprised 116．A．regret B．knowledge C．pleasure D．sorrow 117．A．selfish B．unconditional C．unreasonable D．unbearable 118．A．picture B．medical report C．diary D．thank-you letter 119．A．polished B．wrote C．published D．delivered 120．A．case B．return C．time D．advance Passage7 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Jacky Hunt-Broersma, a native of South Africa, set her goal in mid-January. And since then she has been running 26.2 miles every day, about the 121 of a marathon. On Saturday, she completed her 104th marathon—a (an) 122 she expects to be confirmed by Guinness World Records. If so, she would then 123 a world record for 104 back-to-back (持续的) marathon runs, two more than her previous 124 . The current world record of 101 125 was set on April 10 by British runner Kate Jayden. The 35-year-old Jayden does not have a/an 126 . Hunt-Broersma 127 half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001. “The biggest 128 was accepting that part of my body was gone,” she said. “Until five years ago, I was not very 129 .But after looking into running, I 130 to give it a try.” The sport ended up being quite 131 .Currently, she keeps running on a false 132 made out of carbon fiber. The carbon fiber blade (刀锋) she uses, designed specifically for 133 , costs about $10,000. But Hunt-Broersma says her 134 has been well worthwhile. “Running really 135 my life,” she said. “It gave me a sense of freedom. I fell in love with the process of 136 my body further just to see what I could do.” However, she faced both physical and mental 137 .On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma said she felt near collapse (崩溃) at 24 kilometers. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not 138 at all. Hunt-Broersma is hoping to 139 a single thought in others——“You’re 140 than you think and you’re capable of so much more.” 121．A．background B．theme C．distance D．speed 122．A．experiment B．achievement C．invention D．program 123．A．recover B．witness C．design D．hold 124．A．measure B．goal C．rank D．position 125．A．marathons B．circles C．kilometers D．points 126．A．experience B．advantage C．disability D．mistake 127．A．owed B．donated C．devoted D．lost 128．A．struggle B．possibility C．opportunity D．regret 129．A．active B．sensitive C．negative D．reliable 130．A．pretended B．continued C．decided D．refused 131．A．complex B．attractive C．expensive D．awkward 132．A．machine B．leg C．track D．runway 133．A．running B．training C．operation D．competition 134．A．project B．arrangement C．analysis D．investment 135．A．recorded B．changed C．reflected D．limited 136．A．approaching B．supporting C．pushing D．adjusting 137．A．factors B．differences C．results D．difficulties 138．A．draw near B．come true C．slow down D．fell behind 139．A．describe B．seek C．collect D．inspire 140．A．stronger B．healthier C．stricter D．braver Passage8 【2024届四川省绵阳南山中学高三二诊热身模拟试题】 Dumpling is a Chinese cuisine. Actually, the tradition of eating dumplings during winter solstice has its 61 (originate) in early times. It is said that dumplings were invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a 62 (fame) physician from the Eastern-Han Dynasty. He was once 63 official in Changsha.When he returned home for private life, he saw people lived an 64 (extreme) hard life and that their ears were red with cold in the snowing winter. He was sad and let his follower cook 65 (drive) out the chill with mutton, hot pepper and some medicine. Zhang let him boil them first and cut them up, then wrap them with flour. After 66 (boil) them, he gave the medicinal food to the people there on the day of the winter solstice. Zhang Zhongjing called it “cold dispelling dumpling soup”. By eating this kind of ear-like food, people’s ears 67 (cure). Thereafter, every winter solstice Zhang Zhongjing made “cold dispelling dumpling soup” in order to prevent and cure ailments 68 (cause) by the cold. Then there became a saying that 69 you eat dumplings during the winter solstice, then you won’t freeze your ears off. Afterwards, Zhang Zhongjing died on the day of winter solstice. 70 honor of him, every household makes dumplings every year on the day of the winter solstice. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Nurturing Nature 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 环境相关：plateau（高原），ecosystem（生态系统），permafrost（永久冻土层）。 人物相关：conservationist（环境保护主义者），operator（经营者），applicant（申请人），candidate（申请者）。 自然相关：mirror - like（如镜面般的）。 行为动作类：claim（要求；声称），wander（徘徊，漫游），disturb（干扰，扰乱），advertise（征聘；公布），negotiate（谈判，协商）。 保护相关：conserve（保护，保存），advocate（拥护，提倡），stimulate（刺激，激发），minimize（使减少到最低限度）。 短语：in particular（尤其）be concerned about（对……担心）reach out（伸出；伸手拿……） in turn（依次；反过来）be made up of（由……组成）thanks to（多亏；由于） 时文拓展阅读 Climate change is the biggest threat for the Great Barrier Reef, and reefs worldwide. Other key threats include poor water quality, fishing impacts on protected and threatened species, marine debris and crown - of - thorns starfish outbreaks. We are taking increased action on climate change and investing in initiatives to protect and build the resilience of the reef. The Reef 2050 Long - term Sustainability Plan guides our actions to restore and protect the reef. Our investments are delivered through the Reef Trust. They are focused on priority areas and informed by science. The world heritage - listed Great Barrier Reef is one of the most complex natural ecosystems on earth. The reef is the biggest living structure on the planet, roughly the size of Italy or Japan – an area so large that it can be seen from space. Across its vast expanse are 35 catchments connecting a network of 3,000 coral reefs, shallow seagrass estuaries, inshore mangroves and deep oceanic waters. The reef is home to thousands of species of marine life, including 1,200 species of coral, 1,500 species of fish, 6 of the world’s 7 species of marine turtle, whales, dolphins, plus a great diversity of sponges, anemones, marine worms and crustaceans. Its islands, beaches and coastal areas provide important habitats for approximately 80 percent of Australia’s shorebird species. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the traditional owners of the Great Barrier Reef area, with continuing connections to the land and sea country dating back more than 60,000 years. An international icon, and Australia’s most acclaimed natural asset, the reef and its catchment area attracts millions of visitors every year. And it is an important part of the social and economic fabric of numerous communities living in the region. The reef is under pressure from a range of threats, including climate change, poor water quality and crown - of - thorns starfish outbreaks. But there is hope. To ensure that one of Australia’s national treasures is protected for future generations, the Australian government is taking increased action on climate change and funding initiatives to build the reef’s long - term resilience. This is helping to deliver targets outlined in the Reef 2050 Plan, which is Australia’s framework for protecting and managing the Great Barrier Reef. Through our investments in the reef, we are: improving the quality of water flowing to the reef; supporting world - leading reef management; accelerating the development of restoration and adaptation measures to help the reef adapt to climate change; and empowering people to care for the reef through strong partnerships and collaboration. 【译文欣赏】 气候变化是大堡礁乃至全球珊瑚礁面临的最大威胁。其他主要威胁包括水质恶化、捕鱼活动对受保护和濒危物种的影响、海洋垃圾以及棘冠海星的爆发。 我们正在加大应对气候变化的行动力度，并投资于各种举措，以保护大堡礁并增强其恢复力。《大堡礁2050年长期可持续发展计划》指导着我们恢复和保护大堡礁的行动。我们的投资通过“大堡礁信托基金”进行，这些投资基于科学依据，集中在优先领域。 被列入世界遗产名录的大堡礁是地球上最复杂的自然生态系统之一。它是地球上最大的生物结构体，面积大致相当于意大利或日本——大到从太空中都能看到。在其广阔的区域内，有35个集水区，连接着由3000个珊瑚礁、浅海海草河口、近海红树林和深海海域组成的网络。 大堡礁是数千种海洋生物的家园，包括1200种珊瑚、1500种鱼类，世界上7种海龟中的6种，还有鲸鱼、海豚，以及种类繁多的海绵、海葵、海洋蠕虫和甲壳类动物。其岛屿、海滩和沿海地区为澳大利亚约80%的滨鸟物种提供了重要的栖息地。 原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民是大堡礁地区的传统所有者，他们与这片陆地和海洋的联系可以追溯到6万多年前。 作为一个国际标志和澳大利亚最受赞誉的自然资产，大堡礁及其集水区每年吸引着数百万游客。它是该地区众多社区社会和经济结构的重要组成部分。 大堡礁面临着一系列威胁带来的压力，包括气候变化、水质恶化和棘冠海星的爆发。但仍有希望。为了确保澳大利亚的这一国宝能为子孙后代所保护，澳大利亚政府正在加大应对气候变化的行动力度，并为增强大堡礁长期恢复力的举措提供资金支持。 这有助于实现《大堡礁2050年计划》中概述的目标，该计划是澳大利亚保护和管理大堡礁的框架。通过我们对大堡礁的投资，我们正在：改善流入大堡礁的水质；支持世界领先的珊瑚礁管理；加速制定恢复和适应措施，以帮助大堡礁适应气候变化；通过强大的伙伴关系和合作，让人们有能力保护大堡礁。 【词汇积累】 • marine debris：海洋垃圾 • crown - of - thorns starfish：棘冠海星 • resilience：n. 恢复力，适应力 • sustainability：n. 可持续性 • catchment：n. 集水区 • estuary：n. 河口，江口 • mangrove：n. 红树林 • sponge：n. 海绵 • anemone：n. 海葵 • crustacean：n. 甲壳类动物 • shorebird：n. 滨鸟 • acclaimed：adj. 备受赞誉的 • fabric：n. 结构，构造 【知识拓展】 大堡礁生态系统：大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群，拥有极其丰富的生物多样性，其复杂的生态系统对于维持海洋生态平衡至关重要，不仅为众多海洋生物提供了栖息地，还在碳循环、海岸保护等方面发挥着重要作用。 气候变化对珊瑚礁的影响：气候变化导致海水温度升高，会引发珊瑚白化现象，使珊瑚失去共生藻类而死亡。此外，海平面上升、极端气候事件增多等也会对珊瑚礁造成破坏，威胁其生存。 原住民与大堡礁：澳大利亚原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民与大堡礁有着深厚的历史和文化联系，他们的传统知识和管理方式对于大堡礁的保护也具有重要意义。 【词汇延伸】 与海洋相关词汇：ocean（海洋）、sea（海）、marine（海洋的）、coral reef（珊瑚礁）、sealife（海洋生物）、tide（潮汐）等。 与生态保护相关词汇：ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、habitat（栖息地）、endangered species（濒危物种）、conservation（保护）、sustainable development（可持续发展）等。 高考真题链接 （2025年全国高考一卷） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 命题特点 基于原文，高于原文：答案需以原文内容为依据，但不会直接照搬原文句子，需通过逻辑推理（如因果、对比、归纳等）得出。 涉及隐含信息：题目常围绕作者的态度、观点、意图，或事件的原因、结果、下一步发展等隐含内容设问。 标志性提问方式：常见提问词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, probably, most likely 等。 命题规律 定位明确，聚焦细节关联：题目通常对应原文某一段落或几个相邻句子，需结合上下文细节（如转折词 but/however、因果词 so/therefore 等）推断，避免脱离原文泛化理解。 关注作者态度与语气：常通过形容词（如 positive, critical）、副词（如 unfortunately, surprisingly）或特殊句式（如反问句）暗示态度，需捕捉这类“情感线索词”。 避免“过度推理”：命题时会严格控制推断的“度”，正确答案需是原文可合理推导的结论，而非主观臆断或延伸到原文未涉及的内容。 推理判断题解题思维 定位原文，找“推理依据”：先根据题干关键词（如段落号、专有名词）定位到原文相关句，标记与问题相关的细节（如时间、数据、观点等）。 梳理逻辑，抓“隐含关系”：若涉及因果，需区分“原文直接说明的原因”和“需推断的深层原因”；若涉及对比，需通过“差异”推断作者侧重或暗示的内容；若涉及观点，需结合作者用词的情感色彩判断态度。 验证选项，排“不合理项”：若选项与原文直接矛盾，排除；若选项是原文未提及的“新信息”，排除；若选项符合原文逻辑且可合理推导，保留。 推理判断干扰项特征 原文照搬，并非推断：选项内容是原文原句或仅换了个别词，看似正确，但这类“表层信息”并非推理题答案（推理题需“推断”，而非“复述”）。 过度推理，主观臆断：基于原文细节无限延伸，加入原文未提及的信息（如“作者可能还认为……”“未来一定会……”），超出合理推断范围。 偷换概念，混淆细节：选项中部分内容与原文一致，但关键信息被替换（如将“some”改为“all”，将“可能”改为“必然”），导致整体意思偏差。 与作者态度相反：若题目考查作者态度，干扰项可能与原文暗示的情感色彩相反（如原文用“problem”“worrisome”暗示负面态度，干扰项却说是“positive”）。 1.Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 分析： 主干是“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution” ；破折号后是并列的谓语结构（settled... 、stuck... 、filled... 、fallen... ），补充说明微塑料的分布，其中“stuck/filled/fallen”是过去分词作伴随状语，描述微塑料的状态 。 2.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 分析： 主干是“researchers... found that...” ；“published Wednesday... ”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰“study” ；that引导宾语从句，从句中“boiling... 、filtering... ”是动名词短语作主语，“— then filtering it after it cools —”是插入语，补充说明过程 。 3.Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. 分析： 主干是“this process relies on the water” ；“containing enough... ”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰“water” ；“to trap the plastics”是目的状语，说明水含碳酸钙的作用 。 1. a common source of ：……的常见来源 2. settle in ：定居于；栖息在 3. stick inside ：嵌入；卡在……里 4. fill the stomachs of ：填满……的胃 5. boiling and filtering ：煮沸并过滤 6. rely on ：依赖；依靠 7. lead to ：导致；造成 8. focus on ：聚焦于；专注于 9. a potential path forward for ：……的潜在前进路径 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·四川南充一模） Family-Friendly Events in January ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19 The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city’s zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities. Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy. , Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18 The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts. On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, dtmesafest.com, free admission. Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4 OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event. 9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, odyseainthedesert.com, free. Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7 Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all. Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St, Mesa, mesaartscenter.com, $93. 13．How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show? A．Bring a friend. B．Get a membership. C．Join a tour group. D．Book a ticket online. 14．What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest? A．Have free food. B．Take art classes. C．Enjoy real snow. D．Meet local artists. 15．Which event lasts the longest? A．ZooLights: Glow Wild. B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts. C．Youth Fine Arts Courses. D．Family Fun Winterfest. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在一月份举办的家庭友好活动。 13．细节理解题。根据ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19部分中“$11. 95 members, $13. 95 general admission (会员11.95美元；普通门票13.95美元，)”可知，获得会员资格就可以买到ZooLights表演的折扣票。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据Family Fun Winterfest Jan.4部分中“OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in.(位于沙漠中的奥德海水族馆正在其沙漠庭院举办第三届年度家庭趣味冬季活动，以真正的雪为特色，供孩子们玩耍)”可知，在Family Fun Winterfest可以欣赏到真正的雪。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知ZooLights: Glow Wild从1月1日到19日；Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts从1月4日到18日；Family Fun Winterfest在1月4日；Youth Fine Arts Course从1月18日到3月7日。所以Youth Fine Arts Courses持续时间最长。故选C。 Passage 2 【宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2023-2024学年高三试题】 On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sites? The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”. The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla. Meanwhile, in Syria, where hundreds of thousands of refugees(难民) may be forced to return to unsafe homes, a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. He wondered what level of violence it would take to make the world care. There is, perhaps, no better way to appreciate the tragedy of 21st-century global inequality than by watching a billionaire spend $90m launching a $100,000 car into space. Musk said he wanted to participate in a space race because “races are exciting” and that while strapping his car to a rocket may be “silly and fun … silly and fun things are important”. Thus, anyone who mentions the huge waste the project involves, or the various social uses to which these resources could be put, can be dismissed as a killjoy. But one doesn’t have to hate fun to question the justification for pursuing a costly new space race at exactly this moment. If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like this. A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. Many might think that what Elon Musk chooses to do with his billions is Elon Musk’s business alone. If he wanted to spend all his money on medicine for children, that would be nice, but if he’d like to spend it making big explosions and sending his convertible on a million-mile space voyage, that’s his right. But Musk is only rich enough to afford these money-consuming projects because we have allowed social inequalities to arise in the first place. If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own private space program. Elon Musk is right: silly and fun things are important. But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. While there are still humanitarian crises such as that in Syria, nobody can justify vast spending on rocketry experiments. 37．Why does the writer mention the two pieces of news at the beginning of the passage? A．To illustrate the inequality of wealth distribution and the consequent inequality of attention distribution. B．To highlight the significance of SpaceX’s successful launch of a rocket and a car into space. C．To appeal to the government for more attention to the air strikes and refugee crisis in Syria. D．To find out which news dominated the mainstream news sites. 38．Why did the UN human rights coordinator for Syria feel disappointed? A．Because nobody appreciated his work and all the efforts he made. B．Because the violence in Syria is not serious enough to make the world care. C．Because however hard he tried, nobody seemed to care about the situation in Syria. D．Because he had great difficulty videotaping the effects of bombing. 39．What is implied in Paragraph 6 and 7? A．The space project of SpaceX cost the government too much money. B．It kills the fun to question the justification of the pursuit of space programs. C．Space programs are a waste of money that cannot be justified. D．Addressing problems of violence, poverty and diseases should be our top priority. 40．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．We should pay equal attention to space projects and solving social problems. B．No private companies should be allowed to spend money in rocketry experiments. C．The money and resources used in space projects could have been used to deal with various social problems. D．Elon Musk should be blamed for misleading the public. 【答案】37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过两条新闻的对比，引起人们对社会财富分配不公的关注。作者认为 解决世界上的暴力、贫穷和疾病等问题是我们要首先考虑的事情。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段“On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sites? (周三，发生了两件事。在叙利亚，政府的空袭造成80人死亡。与此同时，在佛罗里达州，埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）的SpaceX成功地将一辆跑车发射到太空。猜猜哪个故事占据了主流新闻网站？)”和第二段“The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”. The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla.( 马斯克的猎鹰重型火箭（Falcon Heavy）发射成功，这是私人公司发射的最强大的火箭。马斯克向火星发送了他的樱桃红色特斯拉跑车，开启了“新的太空时代”。该活动吸引了大量的宣传，并使火箭发射成为特斯拉广告的一大亮点。)”以及第三段的“ a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. (联合国叙利亚人权协调员沮丧地说，他不确定为什么要费心拍摄轰炸的影响，因为从来没有人关注。)”可知，第二条新闻吸引了惊人的注意力，第一条新闻却几乎无人关注。因此可以推断，作者提到这两条新闻是为了说明说明财富分配的不平等以及由此引起的注意力分配的不平等。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段“a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. (联合国叙利亚人权协调员沮丧地说，他不确定为什么要费心拍摄轰炸的影响，因为从来没有人关注。)”可知，叙利亚的联合国人权协调员感到很沮丧，是因为他觉得不管他怎么努力，似乎没有人关心叙利亚的局势。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据第六段“If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like this.(如果我们诚实地审视形势，就很难为这样的项目辩护。)”和第七段“A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. (前往火星的任务听起来确实令人兴奋，但明确我们的优先事项很重要。首先，也许我们可以做到每两分钟一个孩子不再死于疟疾。或者，我们可以尝试解决阿拉巴马州的贫困水平，该州的贫困程度已变得如此极端，以至于联合国调查人员不相信这可能发生在第一世界国家。也许当暴力、贫困和疾病得到解决时，我们就能走向星空。)”可知，在第六段和第七段，作者认为解决暴力、贫穷和疾病问题应是我们优先考虑的事情。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. (首先，也许我们可以做到每两分钟一个孩子不再死于疟疾。或者，我们可以尝试解决阿拉巴马州的贫困水平，该州的贫困程度已变得如此极端，以至于联合国调查人员不相信这可能发生在第一世界国家。也许当暴力、贫困和疾病得到解决时，我们就能走向星空。)”，第九段“If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own private space program. (如果财富在这个国家得到公平分配，就没有人有资格为自己的私人太空计划提供资金了。)”和最后一段“But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. (但是其中一些是毫无道理的资源浪费。)”可知，作者认为社会上财富分配不公，一方面资源和财富被浪费，另一方面还存在贫困、疾病、暴力等社会问题。因此推断作者想要告诉我们的是：用于太空项目的资金和资源是浪费，这些资源本可以首先用来解决社会上的贫困、疾病、暴力等社会问题。故选C。 Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Cities are difficult to navigate (导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people. A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8 billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research. One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says. “The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people navigate their environment is positive. 13．What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The survey that compared adults’ mobility. B．The smart industry that is booming. C．The fact that the disabled traveled less. D．The role that the assistive tech plays. 14．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The working principles of the WeWalk stick. B．The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors. C．The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick. D．The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick. 15．What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan? A．To show the value of smart tech. B．To urge more attention to the blind. C．To increase the potential market share. D．To encourage tech research and development. 16．What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick? A．Confusing instructions. B．Poor navigation. C．Inclusive designs. D．High prices. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述残疾人比正常人旅游次数少这一现象，并指出如果设备和城市变得更加智能，这一现象将改变。并展示了智能手杖这一设备。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. (英国一项全国旅行调查发现，2017年，行动不便的成年人比没有残疾的成年人旅游次数少了39%。然而，随着设备和城市变得更加智能，这种情况可能会改变。)”可知，划线词为指示代词that，通常指代前文的人或物，可推测在本句子指代前文提到的这一事实：行动不便的成年人更少去旅游这一社会现象。故选C项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第三段二三句“The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a voice assistant and Google Maps. (WeWalk手杖有一个传感器，可以检测胸部以上的障碍物，并使用振动来警告用户。它可以与智能手机配对以帮助导航，并与语音助手和谷歌地图连接。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这种手杖的工作原理。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city solutions makes it user-friendly. (Ceylan自出生以来就一直失明，他表示，将手杖连接到物联网和智能城市解决方案，使其易于使用。)”可知，Ceylan认为对他这样的盲人而言，这种手杖起到了作用，本段引用他说的话““As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be provided with the WeWalk,” he says.(“作为一个盲人，当我在地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口……我不知道哪辆公共汽车来了。我周围有哪些商店?这类信息可以通过WeWalk提供。”)”也是进一步解释他在段首提出的智能手杖有价值这一观点。故选A项。 16．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句““But they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added. (她补充道：“但它们非常昂贵…绝大多数残疾人都负担不起。”)”可知，这位专家的话语表明这种手杖的劣势是价格太贵。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Painting The art of creating pictures using colors, shapes and lines is called painting. Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional artists. But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression. 31 Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger-paints to create paintings. Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion, to tell a story, to express feelings and ideas, or simply to present a pleasing picture. Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text. Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (肖像), or pictures of people. 32 All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way. Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people. In landscape (风景) paintings, the focus is on scenes from nature. Artists also paint still objects such as fruit and vegetables. 33 Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any objects. 34 Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. 35 Samples of painted pottery (陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran. The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings. People in ancient Greece painted on decorative objects such as vases in addition to the walls of temples. A．These works are called still lives. B．These works can communicate a special feeling. C．Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years. D．People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials. E．Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted. F．The design of a painting is the plan of its lines, shapes and colors. G．Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits. 【答案】31．D 32．G 33．A 34．C 35．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绘画的不同形式。 31．根据后句“Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger-paints to create paintings.(有经验的画家通常用刷子在帆布表面涂上油画颜料。年轻的画家通常在纸上画水彩。很小的孩子可能会用手指画画。)”可知，不同绘画水平的人、各个年龄段的人用各种各样的材料创作图画，故选项D“People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials.(所有年龄段的人都用各种各样的材料创作图片)”符合本段的主题，为本段主题句。故选D。 32．根据前句“Artists also paint portraits(画像), or pictures of people.(艺术家也画人物肖像，或人物画。)”可知，艺术家也会画像，与选项G“Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.(有时艺术家会为自己画像，这被称为自画像。)”相符合，Artists和 portraits是原词复现。下文内容“All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way(所有这些类型的绘画都以某种方式展示了人物形象)”，由关键词All of these types of paintings，可知这里应该填一种绘画风格，故选G。 33．根据前句“Artists also paint still objects such as fruit and vegetables.(艺术家也画静止的物体，如水果和蔬菜。)”可知，艺术家也画静止的物体，空处承接上文，对此进行继续描述，选项A“These works are called still lives.(这些作品被称为静物。)”符合前问的语境，still是原词复现，故选A。 34．根据后句“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.(在法国和西班牙的洞穴墙壁上发现了可追溯到15000年前的绘画作品。)”，描述绘画作品年代，所以上一句也和绘画的历史有关，可知选项C“Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years(人类绘画已经有几千年的历史了。)”符合本段的主题，dating back 15,000 years是提示词，故选C。 35．根据前句“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.(在法国和西班牙的洞穴墙壁上发现了可追溯到15000年前的绘画作品。)”，捕捉到关键词caves，可知15000年以前的岩洞墙上的绘画已经被发现，所以接下来会谈论洞穴绘画的绘画内容，故选项E“Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted.(洞穴绘画通常展示早期人类狩猎的动物。)”能够承接上文，故选E。 Passage5 （2024届·四川宜宾一模） Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? 36 . When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves. What is being true to yourself? Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. 37 , then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel. 38 When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. 39 , and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. How can I be true to myself? 40 , and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need. A．If you’re free and have nothing to do B．All of us feel pressure to fit in at times C．When do you need to be true to yourself? D．Why is it important to be true to yourself? E．If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book F．They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong G．One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people 【答案】36．B 37．E 38．D 39．F 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了什么是忠于内心，其重要性，以及如何忠于内心。 36．根据上文“Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? ”（你曾经做过一件你不想做的事，只是因为别人在做?）和下文“When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.”（当我们这样做的时候，我们并没有对自己诚实。）可知，空处讲的是我们有时候会迫于压力做事情。B. All of us feel pressure to fit in at times. （我们每个人都有适应的压力。）承上启下，故选B。 37．根据下文“then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play.”（那么，对自己诚实可能意味着拒绝那些想让你玩游戏的朋友。）可知，此空讲的是不想和朋友玩游戏，E. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book（如果你想一个人呆会儿，放松一下或者读本书）引起下文，符合段意，故选E。 38．根据下文“When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. ”（当我们继续做我们不喜欢的事情，忽视我们的想法和感觉，它会让我们感到不舒服，担心或悲伤。）可知，本段主要讲述对自己诚实的重要性。D. Why is it important to be true to yourself? （为什么对自己诚实很重要?）符合本段主旨，故选D。 39．根据上文“If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people.”（如果孩子有这种自我意识，那么当他们与他人在一起时，他们更有可能不妥协。）可知，下文讲的是孩子的自我意识强。 F. They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong（他们不会受影响去做他们知道是错的事情）承接上文文意，故选F。 40．根据小标题“How can I be true to myself?”（我怎么能对自己真实?）可知，本段主要意思是对自己诚实。根据下文“and being ok with saying no.”（也不介意拒绝别人。）可知，此空讲的是对自己诚实的方法。G.One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people（对自己真实的一部分是你对别人说话的方式）承上启下，故选G。 Passage6 （2024届·四川攀枝花一模） Some years ago, Dr. Paul Ruskin introduced an article to his students when teaching a class in a medical school. He gave a detailed description of the 101 under his care as follows: “This person is neither able to speak nor understand the spoken words. She is 102 about people, places, and time, but she does 103 to her name. I have worked with her for the past six 104 and she must be fed, bathed, and clothed by others, but she makes no effort to 105 her caretaker for his hard work. “Since she is 106 , her diet must be something liquid, for instance, milk. She does not walk. Her sleep time is 107 . Frequently she awakes in the middle of the night and her 108 annoys others. Most of the time she is quiet and adorable, 109 , several times a day she gets quite nervous without 110 cause. Then she shouts until someone comes to 111 her.” Dr. Ruskin then asked his students if any of them would like to volunteer to 112 this person after 113 this challenging case. 114 responded. Then Dr. Ruskin said, “I’m 115 that none of you offer to help, because actually she is my favorite patient. I get great 116 from caring about her and I am learning so much from her. She has taught me a depth of gratitude, the spirit of complete trust, and the power of 117 love I never knew before.” Then Dr. Ruskin took out her 118 and passed it around. It was her half-year-old daughter. I’m not sure exactly what the doctor’s point was when he 119 that lecture but it reminds me that our parents do things for us that we would never dream of doing in 120 . 101．A．colleague B．caretaker C．volunteer D．case 102．A．angry B．confused C．mad D．worried 103．A．respond B．admit C．refer D．stick 104．A．terms B．weeks C．months D．years 105．A．admire B．greet C．encourage D．thank 106．A．senseless B．breathless C．toothless D．homeless 107．A．fixed B．irregular C．limited D．adequate 108．A．chatting B．laughing C．talking D．crying 109．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 110．A．natural B．unbelievable C．common D．specific 111．A．blame B．complain to C．comfort D．question 112．A．care for B．operate on C．give treatment to D．research into 113．A．discussing B．presenting C．discovering D．solving 114．A．Anyone B．Someone C．No one D．Everyone 115．A．angry B．strange C．curious D．surprised 116．A．regret B．knowledge C．pleasure D．sorrow 117．A．selfish B．unconditional C．unreasonable D．unbearable 118．A．picture B．medical report C．diary D．thank-you letter 119．A．polished B．wrote C．published D．delivered 120．A．case B．return C．time D．advance 【答案】 101．D 102．B 103．A 104．C 105．D 106．C 107．B 108．D 109．A 110．D 111．C 112．A 113．B 114．C 115．D 116．C 117．B 118．A 119．D 120．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述保罗·拉斯金博士在医学院讲课时向学生们展示了一个病例，作者从中得出一个道理：我们的父母付出的远比我们想象的还要多。 101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对他所照顾的病例作了如下详细描述。A. colleague同事；B. caretaker管理员；C. volunteer志愿者；D. case病例。根据后文的“under his care”可知，这是他所照顾的病例。故选D项。 102．考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：她对人、地点和时间感到困惑，但她确实对自己的名字有反应。A. angry生气的；B. confused糊涂的，不清楚的；C. mad疯狂的；D. worried担心的。根据上文“This person is neither able to speak nor understand the spoken words.”可知，她不会说话也听不懂别人说的，可推断她也分不清楚人、地点和时间。故选B项。 103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她对人、地点和时间感到困惑，但她确实对自己的名字有反应。A. respond回应；B. admit承认；C. refer参考；D. stick粘贴。根据后文的“to her name”可知，她对自己的名字有反应。respond to sth.意为“对某事作出反应”。故选A项。 104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和她一起工作了六个月，她必须由别人给她吃饭、洗澡和穿衣服，但她没有努力感谢她的照顾者的辛勤工作。A. terms学期；B. weeks周；C. months月；D. years年。根据下文“It was her half-year-old daughter.”可知是六个月。故选C。 105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和她一起工作了六个月，她必须由别人给她吃饭、洗澡和穿衣服，但她没有努力感谢她的照顾者的辛勤工作。A. admire钦佩；B. greet问候；C. encourage鼓励；D. thank感谢。根据后文的“her caretaker for his hard work”可知，她没有对她的照顾者的辛勤工作表示感谢。故选D项。 106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为她没有牙齿，她的饮食必须是液体的，比如牛奶。A. senseless无意识的；B. breathless喘不过气来的；C. toothless无牙的；D. homeless无家可归的。根据后文的“her diet must be something liquid, for instance, milk.”可知，她的饮食必须是液体的，故她没有牙齿。故选C项。 107．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的睡眠时间不规律。A. fixed固定的；B. irregular不规则的；C. limited有限的；D. adequate充足的。根据下文“Frequently she awakes in the middle of the night”可知，她经常半夜醒来，说明她睡眠时间不规律，故选B。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常在半夜醒来，她的呼喊惹恼了别人。A. chatting聊天；B. laughing大笑；C. talking说话；D. crying呼喊。根据后文的“Then she shouts”可知，她有时会呼喊。故选D项。 109．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数时候，她很安静，很可爱，然而，一天中有几次她会莫名其妙地变得很紧张。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. besides此外。根据前文的“Most of the time she is quiet and adorable”和后文的“several times a day she gets quite nervous”可知，上文的“她很安静，很可爱”与后文的“她会莫名其妙地变得很紧张”为转折关系。故选A项。 110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数时候她都很友好、快乐，但一天中有几次她毫无理由地变得非常焦虑。A. natural天然的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. common普通的；D. specific明确的。根据前文的“Most of the time she is quiet and adorable, 9 , several times a day she gets quite nervous without”可知，大多数时候她都很友好、快乐，但有时变得非常焦虑，没有明确的理由。故选D。 111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她大喊大叫，直到有人来安慰她。A. blame责怪；B. complain to向……抱怨；C. comfort安慰；D. question质询。根据前文的“Then she shouts until someone comes”可知，她大喊大叫，直到有人对她进行安慰。故选C项。 112．考查固定短语辨析。句意：拉斯金医生接着问他的学生，在介绍了这样一个具有挑战性的病例后，是否有人愿意自愿照顾这个人。A. care for照顾；B. operate on给……做手术；C. give treatment to给予治疗；D. research into研究。根据前文的“she must be fed, bathed, and clothed by others”及后文“this person after 13 this challenging case.”可知，拉斯金医生问是否有人愿意自愿照顾这个人。故选A项。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉斯金医生接着问他的学生，在介绍了这样一个具有挑战性的病例后，是否有人愿意自愿照顾这个人。A. discussing讨论；B. presenting介绍；C. discovering发现；D. solving解决。根据前文的“Some years ago, Dr. Paul Ruskin introduced an article to his students when teaching a class in a medical school.”可知，拉斯金医生介绍了这样一个病例。故选B项。 114．考查代词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应。A. Anyone任何人；B. Someone某人；C. No one没有人；D. Everyone每个人。根据前文的“Dr. Ruskin then asked his students if any of them would like to volunteer to 12 this person”和后文“that none of you offer to help”可知，拉斯金医生问他的学生，却没有人回应。故选C项。 115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶你们没有一个人主动提出帮忙，因为实际上她是我最喜欢的病人。A. angry愤怒的；B. strange奇异的；C. curious好奇的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文的“that none of you offer to help, because actually she is my favorite patient.”可知，她是拉斯金医生最喜欢的病人，却没有一个人主动提出帮忙，因此拉斯金医生很惊讶。故选D项。 116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从关心她中得到了巨大的快乐，我从她身上学到了很多。A. regret遗憾；B. knowledge知识；C. pleasure快乐；D. sorrow悲伤。根据下文“I am learning so much from her.”可知拉斯金医生从她身上学到了很多，所以能从关心中得到了巨大的快乐。故选C。 117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她教会了我深深的感激，完全信任的精神，以及无条件的爱的力量，这是我以前从未知道的。A. selfish自私的；B. unconditional无条件的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. unbearable无法忍受的。根据前文的“She has taught me a depth of gratitude, the spirit of complete trust”可知，她教会拉斯金医生的都是积极向上的情感，故她还教会了拉斯金医生无条件的爱的力量。故选B项。 118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后拉斯金医生拿出她的照片，四处传阅。A. picture图片；B. medical report医疗报告；C. diary日记；D. thank-you letter感谢信。根据后文的“It was her half-year-old daughter.”可知，是她半岁的女儿的照片。故选A项。 119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不确定医生演讲的确切意思是什么，但它提醒我，我们的父母为我们做了我们从未想过要做回报的事情。A. polished抛光；B. wrote写；C. published出版；D. delivered发表。根据后文的“that lecture”可知，这里指医生发表的演讲。故选D项。 120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不确定医生演讲的确切意思是什么，但它提醒我，我们的父母为我们做了我们从未想过要做回报的事情。A. case案例；B. return返回；C. time时间；D. advance进展。固定短语in return，意为“作为回报”，可知这里是说父母做了我们从未想过要做回报的事情。故选B。 Passage7 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Jacky Hunt-Broersma, a native of South Africa, set her goal in mid-January. And since then she has been running 26.2 miles every day, about the 121 of a marathon. On Saturday, she completed her 104th marathon—a (an) 122 she expects to be confirmed by Guinness World Records. If so, she would then 123 a world record for 104 back-to-back (持续的) marathon runs, two more than her previous 124 . The current world record of 101 125 was set on April 10 by British runner Kate Jayden. The 35-year-old Jayden does not have a/an 126 . Hunt-Broersma 127 half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001. “The biggest 128 was accepting that part of my body was gone,” she said. “Until five years ago, I was not very 129 .But after looking into running, I 130 to give it a try.” The sport ended up being quite 131 .Currently, she keeps running on a false 132 made out of carbon fiber. The carbon fiber blade (刀锋) she uses, designed specifically for 133 , costs about $10,000. But Hunt-Broersma says her 134 has been well worthwhile. “Running really 135 my life,” she said. “It gave me a sense of freedom. I fell in love with the process of 136 my body further just to see what I could do.” However, she faced both physical and mental 137 .On one recent day, Hunt-Broersma said she felt near collapse (崩溃) at 24 kilometers. In that moment, she felt like her planned goal might not 138 at all. Hunt-Broersma is hoping to 139 a single thought in others——“You’re 140 than you think and you’re capable of so much more.” 121．A．background B．theme C．distance D．speed 122．A．experiment B．achievement C．invention D．program 123．A．recover B．witness C．design D．hold 124．A．measure B．goal C．rank D．position 125．A．marathons B．circles C．kilometers D．points 126．A．experience B．advantage C．disability D．mistake 127．A．owed B．donated C．devoted D．lost 128．A．struggle B．possibility C．opportunity D．regret 129．A．active B．sensitive C．negative D．reliable 130．A．pretended B．continued C．decided D．refused 131．A．complex B．attractive C．expensive D．awkward 132．A．machine B．leg C．track D．runway 133．A．running B．training C．operation D．competition 134．A．project B．arrangement C．analysis D．investment 135．A．recorded B．changed C．reflected D．limited 136．A．approaching B．supporting C．pushing D．adjusting 137．A．factors B．differences C．results D．difficulties 138．A．draw near B．come true C．slow down D．fell behind 139．A．describe B．seek C．collect D．inspire 140．A．stronger B．healthier C．stricter D．braver 【答案】 121．C 122．B 123．D 124．B 125．A 126．C 127．D 128．A 129．A 130．C 131．C 132．B 133．A 134．D 135．B 136．C 137．D 138．B 139．D 140．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了因癌症失去一条腿的妇女Hunt-Broersma跑步打破世界纪录的故事。 121．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她每天跑26.2英里，大约是马拉松的距离。A. background背景；B. theme主题；C. distance距离；D. speed速度。根据上文“she has been running 26.2 miles every day”她每天跑26.2英里，以及下文“a marathon”由此可知，此处应表示她每天跑26.2英里，大约是马拉松的距离。故选C项。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周六，她完成了自己的第104次马拉松比赛——她希望这一成就能被吉尼斯世界纪录确认。A. experiment实验；B. achievement成绩；C. invention发明；D. program节目。根据上文“she completed her 104th marathon”完成了自己的第104次马拉松比赛，由此可知，她希望这一成就能被吉尼斯世界纪录确认。故选B项。 123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，比她之前的目标多两次。A. recover恢复；B. witness目睹；C. design设计；D. hold持有。  根据句意以及该句中的“a world record”可知，此处应表示她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，hold a world record“保持世界纪录”。故选D项。 124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，比她之前的目标多两次。A. measure措施；B. goal目标；C. rank排名；D. position位置。  根据句意以及下文“two more than her previous”由此可推知，此处应表示她的104次马拉松的世界纪录比她之前的目标多两次。故选B项。 125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前101场马拉松的世界纪录是由英国选手凯特·杰登于4月10日创造的。A. marathons马拉松；B. circles圈子；C. kilometers千米；D. points点。   根据上文“a world record for 104 back-to-back (持续的) marathon runs”一直在讲的马拉松记录可知，此处应表示目前101场马拉松的世界纪录是由英国选手凯特·杰登于4月10日创造的。故选A项。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：35岁的Jayden没有残疾。A. experience经历；B. advantage优点；C. disability残疾；D. mistake错误。根据下文提到的“her left leg to a rare form of cancer”以及“accepting that part of my body was gone”由此可知，此处应表示35岁的Jayden没有残疾，和Hunt-Broersma的身体状况形成对比。故选C项。 127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hunt-Broersma在2001年因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿的一半。A. owed欠；B. donated捐赠；C. devoted献身；D. lost失去。根据下文“her left leg to a rare form of cancer”以及“accepting that part of my body was gone”接受身体的一部分缺失，可知，Hunt-Broersma失去了左腿的一半。故选D项。 128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的斗争是接受我身体的一部分不见了。A. struggle斗争；B. possibility可能性；C. opportunity机会；D. regret后悔。根据上文提到的因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿的一半，以及下文“Until five years ago, I was not very___9___.”由此可推知，此处应表示最大的斗争是接受身体的一部分不见了。故选A项。 129．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一直到五年前，我都不是很活跃。A. active活跃的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. negative负面的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文提到的最大的斗争是接受身体的一部分不见了，以及下文“I ___10___ to give it a try.”决定试一试，由此可推知，此处应表示一直到五年前，我都不是很活跃。故选A项。 130．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在研究了跑步之后，我决定试一试。A. pretended假装；B. continued继续；C. decided决定；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“But after looking into running”以及下文的内容可知，此处应表示在研究了跑步之后，我决定试一试。故选C项。 131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项运动最终相当昂贵。A. complex复杂的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. awkward难堪的。根据下文“costs about $10,000.”提到了高的价格，由此可知，此处应表示这项运动最终相当昂贵。故选C项。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，她一直用碳纤维制成的假腿跑步。A. machine机器；B. leg腿；C. track踪迹；D. runway跑道。根据上文提到的“Hunt-Broersma 7 half of her left leg to a rare form of cancer in 2001.”可知她失去了左腿的一半，由此推断，此处应表示她一直用碳纤维制成的假腿跑步。故选B项。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她使用的碳纤维刀锋是专门为跑步设计的，价格约为1万美元。A. running跑步；B. training训练；C. operation手术；D. competition比赛。根据上文提到的“she keeps running”由此可知，此处应表示她使用的碳纤维刀锋是专门为跑步设计的。故选A项。 134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Hunt-Broersma表示，她的投资是值得的。A. project项目；B. arrangement安排；C. analysis分析；D. investment投资。根据上文提到的她一直用的碳纤维制成的假腿价格很高，以及该句中的“well worthwhile”可推知，此处应表示她的投资是值得的。故选D项。 135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：跑步真的改变了我的生活。A. recorded记录；B. changed改变；C. reflected反映；D. limited限制。根据上下文语境以及下文“It gave me a sense of freedom.”给了我一种自由的感觉，由此可推知，此处应表示跑步真的改变了我的生活。故选B项。 136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱上了把我的身体推得更远的过程，只是为了看看我能做什么。A. approaching接近；B. supporting支持；C. pushing推；D. adjusting调整。根据句意以及该句中的“my body further”由此可知，此处应表示把我的身体推得更远。故选C项。 137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难。A. factors因素；B. differences区别；C. results结果；D. difficulties困难。根据下文“Hunt-Broersma said she felt near collapse(崩溃) at 24 kilometers.”她在24公里处感到几近崩溃，由此可推知，此处应表示她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难。故选D项。 138．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那一刻，她觉得她计划的目标可能根本不会实现。A. draw near临近；B. come true实现；C. slow down减速；D. fell behind落后。根据上文提到的她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难，以及该句中的“she felt like her planned goal might not”由此可知，此处应表示她觉得她计划的目标可能根本不会实现。故选B项。 139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hunt-Broersma希望激发其他人的一个想法。A. describe描述；B. seek寻找；C. collect收集；D. inspire激励。根据上下文语境以及下文“ a single thought in others——You’re ___20___ than you think and you’re capable of so much more.””可推知，此处应表示Hunt-Broersma希望激发其他人的想法。故选D项。 140．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你比你想象的更强大，你能做得更多。A. stronger更强大的；B. healthier更健康的；C. stricter更严格的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据下文“and you’re capable of so much more.”（你能做的更多），由此可知，此处应表示你比你想象的更强大，你能做得更多。故选A项。 Passage8 【2024届四川省绵阳南山中学高三二诊热身模拟试题】 Dumpling is a Chinese cuisine. Actually, the tradition of eating dumplings during winter solstice has its 61 (originate) in early times. It is said that dumplings were invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a 62 (fame) physician from the Eastern-Han Dynasty. He was once 63 official in Changsha.When he returned home for private life, he saw people lived an 64 (extreme) hard life and that their ears were red with cold in the snowing winter. He was sad and let his follower cook 65 (drive) out the chill with mutton, hot pepper and some medicine. Zhang let him boil them first and cut them up, then wrap them with flour. After 66 (boil) them, he gave the medicinal food to the people there on the day of the winter solstice. Zhang Zhongjing called it “cold dispelling dumpling soup”. By eating this kind of ear-like food, people’s ears 67 (cure). Thereafter, every winter solstice Zhang Zhongjing made “cold dispelling dumpling soup” in order to prevent and cure ailments 68 (cause) by the cold. Then there became a saying that 69 you eat dumplings during the winter solstice, then you won’t freeze your ears off. Afterwards, Zhang Zhongjing died on the day of winter solstice. 70 honor of him, every household makes dumplings every year on the day of the winter solstice. 【答案】 61．origin 62．famous/famed 63．an 64．extremely 65．to drive 66．boiling 67．were cured 68．caused 69．if 70．In 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了冬至吃饺子习俗的由来。 61．考查名词。句意：事实上，冬至吃饺子的传统很早就有了。空处作宾语，结合空前的形容词性物主代词“its”可知，空处应填名词形式，origin“起源”，名词，故填origin。 62．考查形容词。句意：据说饺子是由东汉著名医生张仲景发明的。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词“physician”，famous/famed“著名的”，形容词，故填famous/famed。 63．考查冠词。句意：他曾经在长沙做官。official“官员”，可数名词，此处表达泛指，应用不定冠词，且official是以元音音素开头，故填an。 64．考查副词。句意：当他回到家乡过私人生活时，他看到人们过着极其艰苦的生活，他们的耳朵在下雪的冬天冻得通红。空处修饰形容词“hard”，应用副词形式，故填extremely。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：他很伤心，让他的跟随者用羊肉、辣椒和一些药来做饭驱寒。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to drive。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟后，他在冬至那天把这种药膳送给那里的人们。空处作介词“After”的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填boiling。 67．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通过吃这种类似耳朵的食物，人们的耳朵被治愈了。主语“people’s ears”和动词“cure”之间是被动关系，且句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were cured。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：此后，每年冬至，张仲景都会制作“祛寒饺子汤”，以预防和治疗感冒引起的疾病。动词“cause”和“ailments”之间是动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填caused。 69．考查连词。句意：后来有一种说法是，如果你在冬至吃饺子，你的耳朵就不会被冻掉。结合句意可知，此处表示“如果你在冬至吃饺子，你的耳朵就不会被冻掉”，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。 70．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，家家户户都在每年冬至那天包饺子。in honor of“为纪念”，固定短语，首字母应大写，故填In。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$