内容正文:
专题16 情态动词和虚拟语气(培优讲义)
内容导航
夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能
考情・分析解读(考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测)
基础・知识梳理(知识导图 核心梳理)
重难・核心突破(真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测)
重难01 情态动词 + have done
重难02 虚拟条件句/从句
重难03 特殊句式固定虚拟
拔高・分层集训(基础演练 能力进阶)
一、情态动词
考情·分析解读
考题统计
核心考点
题型
情态动词
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2026
2026·全国I卷
未考
2026·全国II卷
未考
2026·浙江1月
未考
2025
2025·全国I卷
未考
2025·全国II卷
未考
2025·浙江1月
must 表必须
情态动词语义辨析,语境表强制命令,填 must
2024·新课标II卷
could never have met
情态动词 + 完成式表对过去否定推测,融合语境判断
2024·全国乙卷
2024·全国甲卷
should be done
情态动词被动语态,should 表 "应当"+ 被动变形
2024·年浙江1月
could be offered
情态动词被动语态,could 表 "能够"+ 被动变形
2023
2022
2023·新课标I卷
未考
2023·新课标II卷
未考
2023·全国乙卷
must 表必须
情态动词语义辨析,语境表 "必须、务必",填 must
2023·全国甲卷
would 表过去习惯
would + 动词原形,描述过去反复性习惯性动作
2023·年浙江1月
未考
2022·年浙江6月
can be appreciated
情态动词被动语态,can 表 "能够"+ 被动变形
考情解读
命题规律:
近5年(2022-2026)新高考各卷情态动词稳定高频考查,累计考查8次,无偏题怪题,2026年延续往年命题风格,核心命题方向清晰,聚焦基础实用考点,四大核心考向:
1. 推测类(最高频):must/may/might/could/can’t + do / have done,区分肯定、否定、可能性强弱;
2. 情态动词+have done 固定结构:针对过去动作的推测、后悔、批评、惋惜、多余行为;
3. 基础语义辨析:can/could(能力/许可)、must(主观必须)/have to(客观不得不)、should(忠告);
4. 小众情感特殊用法:should表“竟然、出乎意料”;must表“偏要、执意”;would表过去长期习惯。
备考策略
1. 熟记情态动词通用规则:无人称、单复数变化,后接动词原形;否定直接加not(have to除外);
2. 建立推测逻辑判断链:有确凿证据→must;无把握猜测→may/might/could;完全不可能→can’t/couldn’t;
3. 严格区分时态:情态动词原形对应现在/将来;情态+have done固定对应过去动作;
4. 攻克易混点:mustn’t(禁止)≠ needn’t/don’t have to(没必要);can泛指能力 vs was/were able to特指过去某次成功;
5. 联动虚拟语气同步记忆:虚拟主句固定搭配would/could/might/should。
命题预测
1. 语法填空核心聚焦基础语义辨析+情态动词+have done,2026年重点考查过去推测结构,场景贴合校园、生活、公益、文化普及等常规高考语境;
2. 命题注重联动性,常与虚拟语气含蓄句式、时态语态结合综合考查,弱化单一简单考点;
3. 小众用法适度考查,should表责任义务、could表委婉可能性、must表推测/强制为高频次拓展考向;
4. 规避偏难怪虚构考点,侧重考查学生**语境逻辑判断能力**,区分情态动词语气强弱、时态差异。
基础・知识梳理
知识导图
一、基本特征
1.无人称/数变化,后接动词原形
2.否定直接加not(have to除外)
3. 可提前至句首构成疑问句
二、动词分类
1.纯情态:can/could may/might must shall/should will/would
2.兼类词:need、dare(可作情态/实义动词)
3.半情态:have to、had better、ought to
三、核心语义功能
1.能力:can现在;could过去;be able to特定成功能力
2.许可请求:can口语;may正式;could/might语气更委婉
3.义务必须:must主观强制;have to客观被迫;mustn’t禁止
4.推测语气(高频)
强肯定:must;弱可能:may/might/could;否定不可能:can’t/couldn’t
5.忠告建议:should、ought to、had better
6.特殊情感:should竟然;must偏要;would过去习惯性动作
四、重难点:情态动词+have done
1.must have done 过去一定做了(肯定推测)
2.can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做
3.may/might have done 过去或许做了(无实据)
4.should have done 本该做却没做(批评/遗憾)
5.shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了
6.needn’t have done 本不必做,白费功夫
7.could have done 本有机会做却放弃(惋惜)
五、特殊结构
1.cannot but do sth 忍不住做某事
2. can’t…too… / can never…too…无论怎么……都不为过
核心梳理
1. 知识1 基础情态动词语义辨析总表
情态动词
核心用法
否定形式
典型例句
can
①现在能力 ②口语许可 ③否定/疑问句表推测 ④惊讶语气
can’t/cannot
I can swim. / Can I borrow your pen? / It can’t be true.
could
①过去能力 ②委婉请求 ③可能性弱于may
couldn’t
When young, I could run fast. / Could you give me a hand?
may
①正式书面许可 ②肯定句弱推测
may not
You may leave after class. / He may arrive late this afternoon.
might
may的过去式,推测语气最弱
might not
She might not attend the meeting tomorrow.
must
①主观强制必须 ②有证据的强肯定推测 ③偏要、执意
mustn’t(禁止,不准)
You must obey the rules. / The light is on, he must be at home.
have to
客观环境迫使“不得不”,有人称、时态变化
don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to
I have to get up at 6 for morning reading.
should
①合理建议、忠告 ②表出乎意料“竟然”
shouldn’t
You should protect wild animals. / It’s strange that he should refuse the reward.
will/would
will:意愿、客观趋势;would:过去长期习惯、委婉请求
won’t/wouldn’t
He will always help others. / When I was a kid, I would climb mountains every weekend.
need
情态动词:不必;实义动词:需要
needn’t(情态)/don’t need to(实义)
You needn’t worry about me.
知识2 必考难点:情态动词 + have done
1. must have done:对过去动作强肯定推测,“一定已经做了”
The ground is all wet; it must have rained heavily last night.
2. can’t/couldn’t have done:对过去动作否定推测,“不可能做过”
He can’t have left—his schoolbag is still on the desk.
3. may/might have done:过去或许做过,无确凿证据,把握低
She might have forgotten our appointment.
4. should have done:本该做却没做,带有批评、遗憾
You should have told me the truth earlier.
5. shouldn’t have done:本不该做却做了,暗含责备
You shouldn’t have spoken rudely to the elder.
6. needn’t have done:本不必做,结果白费力气、多余
You needn’t have bought so many fruits; we still have lots at home.
7. could have done:本有条件做,最终未完成,表惋惜
You could have called me yesterday; I was free all day.
知识3 高频易混易错点
1. must否定区分
mustn’t = 禁止、绝不允许;needn’t / don’t have to = 没必要、不必
—Must I finish all exercises today? —No, you needn’t.
2. can 与 be able to 区分
can泛指天生、常态能力;was/were able to特指过去某次成功脱险/完成,不可替换为could
He was able to escape from the fire last month.
3. would vs used to
would仅描述过去重复性动作;used to可描述动作、长期状态
When I was small, I would walk to school.(动作)
I used to be very shy.(状态,不可用would)
四、特殊句型中的情态动词
1. can’t…too… / can never…too…
核心含义:无论怎么……都不为过、越……越好
高考必考搭配,适配写作、语法填空语境
例句:You can’t be too careful when driving.(开车时无论怎么小心都不为过。)
拓展:can’t…enough 同义替换,用法完全一致
2. may as well / might as well + 动词原形
核心含义:不妨、还是……为好(委婉建议、无奈选择)
例句:Since nobody wants it, I may as well take it.(既然没人要,我不妨拿走。)
五、特殊结构中的情态动词
1. cannot but do sth. / cannot help but do sth.
核心用法:高考高频书面固定句型,后接动词原形,表“不得不、只得、忍不住做某事”
经典例句:I cannot but agree with you. 我不得不同意你的看法。
2. cannot help doing sth.(重点对比易错点)
用法:后接动名词,表“情不自禁、忍不住做某事”
例句:I cannot help laughing.(我忍不住笑了。)
六、情态动词 + 被动语态
核心公式:情态动词 + be + 过去分词,表“应该/必须/可能被做”,适配被动语境、客观正式句式,近两年高考高频变形考点。
1. 表必须/应当被动:This problem must be solved immediately.(这个问题必须立刻被解决。)
2. 表推测被动:The meeting may be cancelled due to the bad weather.(会议可能因为恶劣天气被取消。)
“完成时” 被动变形(情态 + have been done)
考点提示:如果句中有明显的过去时间状语(如 yesterday, last night)或表示 “对过去情况的推测 / 遗憾”,被动语态必须升级为完成时被动。
公式:情态动词 + have been + 过去分词
例句:
一般被动:The room must be cleaned now. 现在必须被打扫。
完成被动:The room must have been cleaned yesterday. 昨天肯定被打扫过了。—— 对过去的强肯定推测
完成被动:The letter should have been sent last week.这封信上周本该被寄出的。—— 本应做却未做,表责备
重难・核心突破
重难01 情态动词+have done(最高频考点)
【真题再现】
1.(2023全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I had been prepared and managed my time wisely.
2.(2022北京卷)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while!
3.(2024浙江1月)If shoppers chose smaller packs, waste ________ (be) greatly reduced.
【解题技巧】
1. 看时间线索:出现 yesterday/last night/then 等过去时间词,优先锁定「情态动词 + have done」;
2. 看逻辑证据:有客观事实佐证用 must;无依据猜测用 may/might/could;与已知事实矛盾的过去情况,用 can’t/couldn’t have done 做否定推测;
3. 看情感态度:批评遗憾选 should;惋惜选 could;多余白费选 needn’t。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·浙江七彩阳光高三联考)You ________ have watered the garden this morning. Look at the dark clouds—it’s going to rain soon.
2.(2026·山东高三开学质检)He ________ have taken the early bus, for he arrived at school ahead of time.
重难02 情态动词基础语义与否定辨析
【经典例题】
1.(2024・全国甲卷)Of course, I ________ (prefer) a different ending for the story, but the ending they got did make the most sense.
2.(2025・北京卷真题变式)You ________ worry about your exam result; you have prepared well enough.
3.(2024・浙江 1 月卷真题变式)The package ________ arrive tomorrow if the weather permits.
【解题技巧】
1. 看到must疑问句,牢记否定回答needn’t,禁止含义才用mustn’t;
2. 题干出现when he was young / in the past等过去长期场景,优先考虑would表习惯;
3. 形容词strange/surprising/odd后从句,情态动词填should表“竟然”。
【考法预测】
1.(2026・八省联考模拟)You ________ smoke in the library; it’s strictly forbidden by the rules.
2.(2026・湖南高三阶段性检测模拟)________ you please pass me the paper on the desk?
重难03 情态推测语气强弱区分
【经典例题】
1.(2024·浙江1月卷真题)It ________ be more convenient if shops provided small-sized food packs for customers.
2.(2025·新高考适配真题变式)The photo quality is poor. It ________ have been taken in bad light conditions.
【解题技巧】
1.肯定推测分层:证据确凿→must;把握度低、微弱可能→may/might/could;
2.否定推测只能用 can’t/couldn’t,mustn’t 不可以表示推测,仅表禁止;
3.could 表达的可能性弱于 may,多用于书面语境下的客观可能性。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·深圳八月高三月考模拟)The package ________ arrive tomorrow, depending on the delivery speed.
重难04 情态动词特殊固定句型+易混结构辨析(写作+语法填空高频)
【经典例题】
1.(2024·新高考真题改编)You ________ be too careful when you cross the busy street. Safety comes first.
2.(2025·高考真题变式)Since there is no better choice, we ________ as well accept the present plan.
3.(2024·浙江高考真题变式)Faced with the convincing evidence, I cannot but ________ (admit) my mistake.
4.(2025·新高考模拟)Hearing the funny story, no one could help ________ (laugh).
【解题技巧】
1. 看到too/enough 搭配情态动词,优先锁定 can’t/never,牢记“越……越好、不为过”语义;
2. 语境出现“无更好选择、无奈妥协”,直接匹配 may/might as well 句型;
3. 辨析绝杀口诀:有but用原形,无but用doing,快速区分两组易混结构,零失误解题。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·八省联考模拟)You can never be ________ careful in the examination.
2.(2026·湖南高三质检)We have waited for hours, so we ________ as well go home now.
重难05 情态动词+被动语态变形考点
【经典例题】
1.(2024·全国甲卷改编)Traditional culture ________ (protect) and passed down from generation to generation.
2.(2025·北京卷适配变式)The problem ________ (solve) immediately to avoid more trouble.
3.(2024·浙江1月卷变式)Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting ________ (cancel) tomorrow.
【解题技巧】
1. 先判语态:主语为事物、表客观规则/要求/推测,必用被动 be done;
2. 再定情态:强制要求用must/should;不确定推测用may/might/could;
3. 固定变形公式:情态动词 + be + 过去分词,无人称时态变化。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·山东开学质检)All classroom rules ________ (obey) strictly by every student.
2.(2026·浙江七彩阳光联考)The missing child ________ (find) with the help of the police soon.
拔高・分层集训
基础演练
1.(2026·广州8月阶段测)The office light is off. He ________ (leave) the office already.
2.(2026·湖南高三阶段性检测)You ________ (worry) about the exam; you have prepared fully for months.
3.(2026·武汉九师联盟)You ________ be too careful when taking important exams.
4.(2026·杭州七彩阳光联考)Since we have waited so long, we ________ as well wait for the next bus.
5.(2026·天津蓟州高三月考)When he was young, he ________ go hiking in the mountains on weekends.
6.(2026·河南许昌高三摸底)Facing the solid evidence, I cannot but ________ (admit) my fault.
7.(2026·山东第一次备考监测)Hearing the funny joke, students couldn’t help ________ (laugh).
8.(2026·八省联考改编)The damaged ancient building ________ (repair) as soon as possible.
9.(2026·浙江金华一中)You ________ smoke in the classroom; it’s against school rules.
10.(2026·海口高三诊断)The light is still on. He ________ (go) to bed yet.
能力进阶
1.(2026·荆州中学8月月考)He isn’t answering the phone. He ________ be busy, but I’m not sure.
2.(2026·辽宁辽西联考)You ________ (tell) him the news yesterday; he was going to take an important exam.
3.(2026·成都高三一诊)I ________ (help) you with your homework, but I was too busy yesterday.
4.(2026·江苏新高考模拟)All traditional virtues ________ (pass) down from generation to generation.
5.(2026·石家庄高三开学考)We have no better choice, so we ________ as well accept the existing plan.
6.(2026·西安高三月考)You ________ (prepare) so many dishes; only three guests came last night.
7.(2026·福州8月质检)Thanks to the firefighters, all people ________ escape from the burning building last night.
8.(2026·合肥高三联考)He ________ live in the countryside, but now he is used to city life.
9.(2026·重庆高三月考)You can never be ________ careful in the process of experiment.
10.(2026·昆明高三摸底)The result is out. He ________ have cheated in the exam, for his score matches his usual level.
二、虚拟语气
考情·分析解读
考题统计
核心考点
题型
情态动词虚拟语气
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2022-2026
2026·全国I卷
未考
XXX
2026·全国II卷
未考
XXX
2026·浙江1月
未考
XXX
2025·浙江1月
情态动词+被动语态
情态动词与被动语态的综合运用
2024·年浙江1月
虚拟语气(条件句)
If条件句对现在/将来的虚拟
2024·全国甲卷
虚拟语气(suggest)
动词suggest后宾语从句的虚拟语气
2023·全国乙卷
虚拟语气(错综/让步)
if条件句虚拟与让步状语从句复合
2022. 新高考I卷
情态动词+have done
情态动词+完成式结构
考情解读
命题规律:
近5年(2022-2026)新高考虚拟语气高频稳定考查,累计考查4次,命题稳定、考点集中,无冷门题型,四大核心真实考向:
1. if引导虚拟条件句(核心必考):标准三时态虚拟、错综时间虚拟、省略if倒装虚拟三大题型;
2. 含蓄虚拟(拉分难点):without/but for/or/otherwise替代if从句,无明显虚拟标志,极易失分;
3. 名词性从句虚拟:表建议、命令、要求的动词/名词后统一使用(should)+动词原形;
4. 特殊句式固定虚拟:wish、as if、It’s high time、if only分层时态变形。
命题联动:虚拟主句谓语必须搭配would/could/might/should,常和情态动词综合考查。
备考策略
1. 熟记if虚拟三大标准公式,分清从句、主句时态搭配,区分现在/过去/将来;
2. 整理含蓄虚拟标志词清单,看到without/but for/or/otherwise立刻判定虚拟;
3. 分层记忆wish/as if三层时态:现在→过去式;过去→had done;将来→would do;
4. 攻克易混动词:suggest表“建议”虚拟,表“暗示”陈述;insist表“坚持要求”虚拟,“坚持认为”陈述;
5. 错综时间单独训练:主从句时间不一致时,各自匹配对应虚拟结构。
命题预测
1. 延续2022–2026核心考情,侧重含蓄无标志虚拟+特殊固定虚拟句式,弱化基础简单if句式,提升题型区分度;
2. 错综时间、if省略倒装持续作为重难点高频考查;
3. wish、It’s high time小众固定句式稳定出现;
4. 语法填空常给出动词原形,要求变形had done/would have done/(should) do,兼顾主动被动。
基础・知识梳理
知识导图
虚拟语气
一、if引导虚拟条件句
1.与现在相反:if did/were;主句+would do
2.与过去相反:if had done;主句+would have done
3.与将来相反:if should do/were to do/did;主句+would do
4.错综时间:主从句时间不同,分别变形
5.省略if倒装:had/were/should提前至主语前
二、含蓄虚拟(无if)
1.介词标志:without、but for
2.连词标志:or、otherwise
3.上下文暗含相反假设
三、名词性从句虚拟((should)+动词原形,should可省)
1.宾语从句:suggest/advise/demand/insist(要求)
2.主语从句:It’s necessary/strange/suggested that...
3.表语/同位语从句:suggestion/advice/order/request
四、特殊句式固定虚拟
1.wish从句:现在→过去式;过去→had done;将来→would do
2.as if/as though:时态规则同wish
3.It’s high time that:动词过去式 / should do(should不可省)
4.if only:感叹句,等同于wish含义
核心梳理
知识1 if虚拟条件句三大标准结构
虚拟假设对象
if从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
经典例句
与现在事实相反
一般过去式(be动词统一用were)
would/could/might/should + 动词原形
①If I were you, I would take this opportunity.如果我是你,我会抓住这个机会。
②If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足够的钱,我会买一辆新车。
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
would/could/might/should + have done
If you had arrived earlier, you wouldn’t have missed the opening ceremony.如果你早点到的话,你就不会错过开幕式了。
与将来事实相反(可能性极低)
①should do ②were to do ③一般过去式
would/could/might/should + 动词原形
①If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.万一明天下雨,我们就会推迟运动会。
②If I were to meet him tomorrow, I would tell him the news. 如果我明天碰巧遇到他,我会告诉他这个消息。
③If he won the lottery, he would buy a big house. 如果他中了彩票,他会买一栋大房子。
知识2 三大难点:错综时间虚拟 + if倒装虚拟+含蓄虚拟条件句
1. 错综时间虚拟(主从句时间不一致)
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整
从句假设过去,主句结果现在:If you had studied harder then, you would be a college student now.◦
如果你当时更努力学习,现在就已经是一名大学生了。
从句假设现在,主句结果过去:If I were you, I would have accepted the offer last week.
如果我是你,上周就接受那个提议了。
2. 省略if倒装
从句谓语包含had / were / should,可省略if,将三个词提前至主语前构成倒装
①If I had known the truth = Had I known the truth 如果我知道真相的话……
Had it not been for your timely help, I would have failed. 要不是你及时的帮助,我就失败了。
②If I were you = Were I you◦如果我是你……
Were there no gravity, we could not stand on the earth. 如果没有重力,我们就无法站在地球上。
③If it should rain = Should it rain 万一明天下雨……
Should the plan fail, we must have a backup ready. 万一计划失败,我们必须准备好备用方案。
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句(无if标志,高考高频)
用介词短语代替条件状语从句,标志词:without(倘若没有)、but for(要不是)、or/otherwise(否则)
标志词
含义
时态判断
补充例句
But for
要不是
与过去相反:couldn’t/wouldn’t have done与现在相反:couldn’t/wouldn’t do
But for the bad weather, we would have arrived on time.要不是因为恶劣天气,我们本可以准时到达。
Without
倘若没有
与现在相反:would do与过去相反:would have done
Without your encouragement, I wouldn’t have persisted.如果没有你的鼓励,我不会坚持下来。
Or / Otherwise
否则
与将来/现在相反:would do与过去相反:would have done
He was ill yesterday; otherwise, he would have come to the party.他昨天病了,否则他就来参加派对了。
Hurry up
快点(祈使句)
与将来相反:would do
Hurry up, or we would be late for class.快点,否则我们上课就要迟到了。
But
但是(隐含“要不是”)
视语境而定, but 后为客观事实,只用陈述语气,不用虚拟
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你,但我当时太忙了。
知识3 名词性从句虚拟(统一 (should)+动词原形,should可省略)
1. 宾语从句
⑴以下动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用 “(should+) 动词原形”
(建议/命令/要求):suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, request, order, command, insist(坚持要求)
巧记口诀:一坚持 (insist),二命令 (order、command),三建议 (advise、suggest、propose),四要求 (demand、require、request、desire);
例:He suggested that we (should) set off at dawn. 他建议我们黎明出发。
The doctor advised that he (should) stop smoking immediately. 医生建议他立即戒烟。
The teacher demanded that every student (should) submit the report by Friday. 老师要求每位学生在周五前提交报告。
⚠️词义区分:
①suggest 表“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气:
Her pale face suggests that she is unwell. 她苍白的脸色表明她身体不适。
② insist 表“坚持说、坚持认为(事实)”时,用陈述语气:
He insisted that he had never stolen the money. 他坚持说他从未偷过钱。
⑵用于 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示说话人认为不可能实现的愿望:
①表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去时或过去进行时 (be 动词一般用 were);
例:I wish I were a bird. 我真希望我是一只鸟。
I wish I knew the answer to this question. 我真希望我知道这个问题的答案。
②表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词常用 “had + 过去分词”;
例:I wish I hadn't said those harsh words to her yesterday. 我真希望我昨天没对她说那些刻薄的话。
③表示对将来的主观愿望:从句谓语动词形式为 “should/might/would/could + 动词原形”;
例:I wish it would stop raining. 我真希望雨能停。
I wish you could come to my party tomorrow. 我真希望你明天能来我的派对。
⑶ would rather 后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气:
在这种结构中,从句中的谓语动词通常用过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
① 表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去时(be 动词通常用 were)。
例:I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today. 我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天来。
She would rather he were here with her now. 她宁愿他现在能陪在她身边。
② 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。
例:I would rather you hadn't told her the truth yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没把真相告诉她。
2. 主语从句固定句型
句型:It is +形容词./过去分词+that…+(should)动词原形
① It is necessary/important/strange/natural/essential that…+(should)动词原形
② It is suggested/ordered/required /proposed /demanded that…+(should)动词原形
例:It’s strange that he (should) refuse our invitation.他居然拒绝了我们的邀请,真奇怪。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until 10 April.有人建议将运动会推迟到4月10日。
3. 表语从句、同位语从句(先行词为建议/命令类名词)
当先行词或表语为表示建议、命令、要求的名词时,从句使用虚拟语气:idea、proposal、suggestion、advice、order、plan、decision、desire、requirement 等,谓语动词用 “(should+) 动词原形”
例:My advice is that we (should) put off the plan. 我的建议是我们推迟这个计划。
The requirement is that all members (should) attend the meeting. 要求是所有成员都必须参加会议。
知识4 特殊句式固定虚拟变形
1.在状语从句中
as if/as though 引导的从句所表示的内容往往不是事实,常用虚拟语气,其形式与 wish 后宾语从句中的谓语动词相同:
例:He talks as if he knew everything about history. 他谈起话来仿佛对历史无所不知。(与现在相反)
She cried as if she had heard terrible news. 她哭得仿佛听到了可怕的消息。(与过去相反)
The child looked as if he would cry at any moment. 那孩子看起来仿佛随时都要哭出来。(与将来相反)
2.在定语从句中
It’s high / about time that… 早该……
从句谓语两种写法:①一般过去式 ②should + 动词原形(should不可省略)
It’s high time that we went home. = It’s high time that we should go home.我们早该回家了。
3.表示惊叹
if only 要是……就好了(独立感叹句,规则同wish)
例:If only I had studied harder in senior one! 要是高一的时候我更努力学习就好了!
If only I were a bird, I could fly to you. 要是我是一只鸟,就能飞到你身边了。
重难・核心突破
重难01 if标准虚拟三大时态(对标知识1|基础必考、语法填空核心)
【经典例题】
1. (2026·名校模拟)She talks and behaves as if she ________ (be) the boss of the company.
2. (2026·名校模拟)Otherwise, we ________ (miss) the good chance to solve the problem.
【解题技巧】
1. 先判时间维度:现在事实相反→从句did/were;过去事实相反→从句had done;将来虚拟→从句should do/were to do/did;
2. 主句固定搭配:现在/将来虚拟用would/could do;过去虚拟统一用would/could have done;
3. 零失误铁律:虚拟语气中,所有人称be动词一律用were,杜绝was。
【考法预测】
1. If I ________ (be) in your position, I would refuse the unreasonable request.
2. If you ________ (inform) me of the news earlier, I wouldn’t have made the mistake.
重难02 if拔高难点(错综时间+省略倒装|对标知识2|高考拉分重难点)
【经典例题】
1. (2023·全国乙卷真题改编)If you had practiced more, you ________ (be) much better at speaking now.
2. (2024·新高考改编)________ (have) I known your difficulty, I would have offered my help.
【解题技巧】
1. 错综时间解题:拆分主从句时间状语,各自独立匹配对应虚拟公式,不统一时态;
2. 倒装虚拟判定:一看句首设空且无if,二找谓语是否含had/were/should,三提(将这三个词提至主语前完成倒装);
3. 倒装固定规则:仅had/were/should可提前,其余虚拟动词无倒装用法。
【考法预测】
1. Were I you, I ________ (seize) the opportunity immediately.
2. If he ________ (study) hard in high school, he ________ (be) a college student now.
重难03 含蓄虚拟语气(无标志虚拟|对标知识2|隐形难点)
【经典例题】
1.(2024·全国甲卷真题改编)Without the local support, we ________ (complete) the project smoothly last year.
2.(2023·全国乙卷真题改编)I got up late. Otherwise, I ________ (catch) the early bus.
【解题技巧】
1. 标志词秒判定:看到without/but for(要不是)、or/otherwise(否则),直接锁定含蓄虚拟;
2. 时态判定口诀:句中有过去时间词→用have done;表当下/将来假设→用would do;
3. 语义辅助:现实已发生,假设未发生;现实未发生,假设已发生。
【考法预测】
1. But for your advice, I ________ (make) a serious mistake yesterday.
2. Keep quiet, or we ________ (disturb) the sleeping children.
重难04 名词性从句虚拟(对标知识3|固定句式必考)
【经典例题】
1. (2024·名校模拟)The doctor suggested that he ________ (stop) staying up late.
2. (2025·新高考真题改编)It is necessary that every student ________ (abide) by school rules.
【解题技巧】
1. 口诀速记:一坚持、二命令、三建议、四要求,从句一律(should)+动词原形;
2. 词义辨析绝杀:suggest表“建议”虚拟、“暗示”陈述;insist表“要求”虚拟、“认为事实”陈述;
3. 固定句型:It is necessary/strange/suggested that… 从句通用(should)+动词原形。
【考法预测】
1. He insisted that he ________ (be) right and that he ________ (apologize).
2. My proposal is that the meeting ________ (put) off till next Monday.
重难05 特殊句式专属虚拟(对标知识4|小众高频、固定必考)
【经典例题】
1. (2024·江苏模拟)I wish I ________ (have) more time to accompany my family.
2. (2026·浙江模拟)It’s high time that we ________ (take) action to protect the environment.
【解题技巧】
1. wish/as if/if only 分层规则:现在相反→过去式;过去相反→had done;将来相反→would do;
2. It’s high time 专属规则:可用过去式/should do(should不可省略),严禁用动词原形;
3. would rather 从句:现在/将来虚拟→过去式;过去虚拟→had done。
【考法预测】
1. I would rather you ________ (not make) the silly mistake last night.
2. She looks as if she ________ (cry) for hours.
拔高・分层集训
基础演练
1.(2026·广州8月阶段测)The office light is off. He ________ (leave) the office already.
2.(2026·湖南高三阶段性检测)You ________ (worry) about the exam; you have prepared fully for months.
3.(2026·武汉九师联盟)If I ________ (have) more free time last year, I would have travelled abroad.
4.(2026·杭州七彩阳光联考)My suggestion is that the travel plan ________ (put) off until next month.
5.(2026·天津蓟州高三月考)When he lived overseas, he ________ walk along the seaside every evening.
6.(2026·河南许昌高三摸底)But for the heavy rain, we ________ (reach) the village before dark yesterday.
7.(2026·山东第一次备考监测)It’s high time that we ________ (pay) attention to teenagers’ mental health.
8.(2026·八省联考改编)She can’t find her door key. She ________ (drop) it on the subway train.
9.(2026·浙江金华一中)It is required that every student ________ (hand) in homework on time every day.
10.(2026·海口高三诊断)I wish I ________ (know) how to play the piano at present.
能力进阶
1.(2026·荆州中学8月月考)If you ________ (master) basic grammar before senior three, you ________ (find) this exam much easier now.
2.(2026·辽宁辽西联考)—Why didn’t you accept the job offer last month?
—I ________ (take) it, but my parents didn’t allow me to move to another city.
3.(2026·成都高三一诊)________ (meet) him yesterday, I would have told you all the truth.
4.(2026·江苏新高考模拟)Without modern communication software, people ________ (keep) in touch so conveniently today.
5.(2026·石家庄高三开学考)He insisted that he ________ (be) innocent and that he ________ (set) free immediately.
6.(2026·西安高三月考)You ________ (inform) me of the schedule change earlier; I missed the important conference.
7.(2026·福州8月质检)If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
8.(2026·合肥高三联考)I would rather you ________ (not tell) him the secret last night.
9.(2026·重庆高三月考)The elderly man talks as if he ________ (witness) the ancient war himself hundreds of years ago.
10.(2026·昆明高三摸底)Or we ________ (get) stuck in heavy traffic if we hadn’t set out early in the morning.
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专题16 情态动词和虚拟语气(培优讲义)
内容导航
夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能
考情・分析解读(考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测)
基础・知识梳理(知识导图 核心梳理)
重难・核心突破(真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测)
重难01 情态动词 + have done
重难02 虚拟条件句/从句
重难03 特殊句式固定虚拟
拔高・分层集训(基础演练 能力进阶)
一、情态动词
考情·分析解读
考题统计
核心考点
题型
情态动词
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2026
2026·全国I卷
未考
2026·全国II卷
未考
2026·浙江1月
未考
2025
2025·全国I卷
未考
2025·全国II卷
未考
2025·浙江1月
must 表必须
情态动词语义辨析,语境表强制命令,填 must
2024·新课标II卷
could never have met
情态动词 + 完成式表对过去否定推测,融合语境判断
2024·全国乙卷
2024·全国甲卷
should be done
情态动词被动语态,should 表 "应当"+ 被动变形
2024·年浙江1月
could be offered
情态动词被动语态,could 表 "能够"+ 被动变形
2023
2022
2023·新课标I卷
2023·新课标II卷
2023·全国乙卷
must 表必须
情态动词语义辨析,语境表 "必须、务必",填 must
2023·全国甲卷
would 表过去习惯
would + 动词原形,描述过去反复性习惯性动作
2023·年浙江1月
2022·年浙江6月
can be appreciated
情态动词被动语态,can 表 "能够"+ 被动变形
考情解读
命题规律:
近5年(2022-2026)新高考各卷情态动词稳定高频考查,累计考查8次,无偏题怪题,2026年延续往年命题风格,核心命题方向清晰,聚焦基础实用考点,四大核心考向:
1. 推测类(最高频):must/may/might/could/can’t + do / have done,区分肯定、否定、可能性强弱;
2. 情态动词+have done 固定结构:针对过去动作的推测、后悔、批评、惋惜、多余行为;
3. 基础语义辨析:can/could(能力/许可)、must(主观必须)/have to(客观不得不)、should(忠告);
4. 小众情感特殊用法:should表“竟然、出乎意料”;must表“偏要、执意”;would表过去长期习惯。
备考策略
1. 熟记情态动词通用规则:无人称、单复数变化,后接动词原形;否定直接加not(have to除外);
2. 建立推测逻辑判断链:有确凿证据→must;无把握猜测→may/might/could;完全不可能→can’t/couldn’t;
3. 严格区分时态:情态动词原形对应现在/将来;情态+have done固定对应过去动作;
4. 攻克易混点:mustn’t(禁止)≠ needn’t/don’t have to(没必要);can泛指能力 vs was/were able to特指过去某次成功;
5. 联动虚拟语气同步记忆:虚拟主句固定搭配would/could/might/should。
命题预测
1. 语法填空核心聚焦基础语义辨析+情态动词+have done,2026年重点考查过去推测结构,场景贴合校园、生活、公益、文化普及等常规高考语境;
2. 命题注重联动性,常与虚拟语气含蓄句式、时态语态结合综合考查,弱化单一简单考点;
3. 小众用法适度考查,should表责任义务、could表委婉可能性、must表推测/强制为高频次拓展考向;
4. 规避偏难怪虚构考点,侧重考查学生**语境逻辑判断能力**,区分情态动词语气强弱、时态差异。
基础・知识梳理
知识导图
一、基本特征
1.无人称/数变化,后接动词原形
2.否定直接加not(have to除外)
3. 可提前至句首构成疑问句
二、动词分类
1.纯情态:can/could may/might must shall/should will/would
2.兼类词:need、dare(可作情态/实义动词)
3.半情态:have to、had better、ought to
三、核心语义功能
1.能力:can现在;could过去;be able to特定成功能力
2.许可请求:can口语;may正式;could/might语气更委婉
3.义务必须:must主观强制;have to客观被迫;mustn’t禁止
4.推测语气(高频)
强肯定:must;弱可能:may/might/could;否定不可能:can’t/couldn’t
5.忠告建议:should、ought to、had better
6.特殊情感:should竟然;must偏要;would过去习惯性动作
四、重难点:情态动词+have done
1.must have done 过去一定做了(肯定推测)
2.can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做
3.may/might have done 过去或许做了(无实据)
4.should have done 本该做却没做(批评/遗憾)
5.shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了
6.needn’t have done 本不必做,白费功夫
7.could have done 本有机会做却放弃(惋惜)
五、特殊结构
1.cannot but do sth 忍不住做某事
2. can’t…too… / can never…too…无论怎么……都不为过
核心梳理
1. 知识1 基础情态动词语义辨析总表
情态动词
核心用法
否定形式
典型例句
can
①现在能力 ②口语许可 ③否定/疑问句表推测 ④惊讶语气
can’t/cannot
I can swim. / Can I borrow your pen? / It can’t be true.
could
①过去能力 ②委婉请求 ③可能性弱于may
couldn’t
When young, I could run fast. / Could you give me a hand?
may
①正式书面许可 ②肯定句弱推测
may not
You may leave after class. / He may arrive late this afternoon.
might
may的过去式,推测语气最弱
might not
She might not attend the meeting tomorrow.
must
①主观强制必须 ②有证据的强肯定推测 ③偏要、执意
mustn’t(禁止,不准)
You must obey the rules. / The light is on, he must be at home.
have to
客观环境迫使“不得不”,有人称、时态变化
don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to
I have to get up at 6 for morning reading.
should
①合理建议、忠告 ②表出乎意料“竟然”
shouldn’t
You should protect wild animals. / It’s strange that he should refuse the reward.
will/would
will:意愿、客观趋势;would:过去长期习惯、委婉请求
won’t/wouldn’t
He will always help others. / When I was a kid, I would climb mountains every weekend.
need
情态动词:不必;实义动词:需要
needn’t(情态)/don’t need to(实义)
You needn’t worry about me.
知识2 必考难点:情态动词 + have done
1. must have done:对过去动作强肯定推测,“一定已经做了”
The ground is all wet; it must have rained heavily last night.
2. can’t/couldn’t have done:对过去动作否定推测,“不可能做过”
He can’t have left—his schoolbag is still on the desk.
3. may/might have done:过去或许做过,无确凿证据,把握低
She might have forgotten our appointment.
4. should have done:本该做却没做,带有批评、遗憾
You should have told me the truth earlier.
5. shouldn’t have done:本不该做却做了,暗含责备
You shouldn’t have spoken rudely to the elder.
6. needn’t have done:本不必做,结果白费力气、多余
You needn’t have bought so many fruits; we still have lots at home.
7. could have done:本有条件做,最终未完成,表惋惜
You could have called me yesterday; I was free all day.
知识3 高频易混易错点
1. must否定区分
mustn’t = 禁止、绝不允许;needn’t / don’t have to = 没必要、不必
—Must I finish all exercises today? —No, you needn’t.
2. can 与 be able to 区分
can泛指天生、常态能力;was/were able to特指过去某次成功脱险/完成,不可替换为could
He was able to escape from the fire last month.
3. would vs used to
would仅描述过去重复性动作;used to可描述动作、长期状态
When I was small, I would walk to school.(动作)
I used to be very shy.(状态,不可用would)
四、特殊句型中的情态动词
1. can’t…too… / can never…too…
核心含义:无论怎么……都不为过、越……越好
高考必考搭配,适配写作、语法填空语境
例句:You can’t be too careful when driving.(开车时无论怎么小心都不为过。)
拓展:can’t…enough 同义替换,用法完全一致
2. may as well / might as well + 动词原形
核心含义:不妨、还是……为好(委婉建议、无奈选择)
例句:Since nobody wants it, I may as well take it.(既然没人要,我不妨拿走。)
五、特殊结构中的情态动词
1. cannot but do sth. / cannot help but do sth.
核心用法:高考高频书面固定句型,后接动词原形,表“不得不、只得、忍不住做某事”
经典例句:I cannot but agree with you. 我不得不同意你的看法。
2. cannot help doing sth.(重点对比易错点)
用法:后接动名词,表“情不自禁、忍不住做某事”
例句:I cannot help laughing.(我忍不住笑了。)
六、情态动词 + 被动语态
核心公式:情态动词 + be + 过去分词,表“应该/必须/可能被做”,适配被动语境、客观正式句式,近两年高考高频变形考点。
1. 表必须/应当被动:This problem must be solved immediately.(这个问题必须立刻被解决。)
2. 表推测被动:The meeting may be cancelled due to the bad weather.(会议可能因为恶劣天气被取消。)
“完成时” 被动变形(情态 + have been done)
考点提示:如果句中有明显的过去时间状语(如 yesterday, last night)或表示 “对过去情况的推测 / 遗憾”,被动语态必须升级为完成时被动。
公式:情态动词 + have been + 过去分词
易错例句:
一般被动:The room must be cleaned now. 现在必须被打扫。
完成被动:The room must have been cleaned yesterday. 昨天肯定被打扫过了。—— 对过去的强肯定推测
完成被动:The letter should have been sent last week.这封信上周本该被寄出的。—— 本应做却未做,表责备
重难・核心突破
重难01 情态动词+have done(最高频考点)
【真题再现】
1.(2023全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I had been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【答案】could have been
【解析】考查情态动词高频结构could have done,表“本可以做却未做”,暗含惋惜语气,贴合过去未实现的假设语境,为情态动词核心难点考法。
2.(2022北京卷)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while!
【答案】must
【解析】考查must have done固定结构,结合语境对过去持续发生的动作做强肯定推测,是高考最高频推测考点。
3.(2024浙江1月卷真题)If shoppers chose smaller packs, waste ________ (be) greatly reduced.
【答案】could have been
【解析】考查过去虚拟语境下的情态搭配,could have done表过去本可实现的理想结果,贴合新高考情境化命题特点。
【解题技巧】
1. 看时间线索:出现 yesterday/last night/then 等过去时间词,优先锁定「情态动词 + have done」;
2. 看逻辑证据:有客观事实佐证用 must;无依据猜测用 may/might/could;与已知事实矛盾的过去情况,用 can’t/couldn’t have done 做否定推测;
3. 看情感态度:批评遗憾选 should;惋惜选 could;多余白费选 needn’t。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·浙江七彩阳光高三联考)You ________ have watered the garden this morning. Look at the dark clouds—it’s going to rain soon.
【答案】needn’t
【解析】考查needn’t have done核心结构,表“本不必做某事(实则白费功夫)”,是新高考高频情感类情态考点。
2.(2026·山东高三开学质检)He ________ have taken the early bus, for he arrived at school ahead of time.
【答案】must
【解析】考查must have done对过去动作的强肯定推测。句中的 for he arrived at school ahead of time(因为他到校很早)提供了确凿的客观证据,因此只能用 must 进行肯定推测。”
重难02 情态动词基础语义与否定辨析
【经典例题】
1.(2024・全国甲卷)Of course, I ________ (prefer) a different ending for the story, but the ending they got did make the most sense.
【答案】would prefer
【解析】考查would 表主观委婉意愿,适配书面表达语境,为情态动词语义辨析高频考法。
2.(2025・北京卷真题变式)You ________ worry about your exam result; you have prepared well enough.
【答案】needn’t
【解析】考查needn’t 语义辨析,needn’t 表示 “不必”,对标高考高频基础考点。
3.(2024・浙江 1 月卷真题变式)The package ________ arrive tomorrow if the weather permits.
【答案】could/may
【解析】考查could/may 表委婉可能性,复刻高考弱推测考法,贴合新高考情境化命题特点。
【解题技巧】
1. 看到must疑问句,牢记否定回答needn’t,禁止含义才用mustn’t;
2. 题干出现when he was young / in the past等过去长期场景,优先考虑would表习惯;
3. 形容词strange/surprising/odd后从句,情态动词填should表“竟然”。
【考法预测】
1.(2026・八省联考模拟)You ________ smoke in the library; it’s strictly forbidden by the rules.
【答案】mustn’t
【解析】考查mustn’t 表禁止,用于规章制度、硬性禁令类语境。
2.(2026・湖南高三阶段性检测模拟)________ you please pass me the paper on the desk?
【答案】Could
【解析】考查could 委婉请求用法,置于句首表达请求,语气较 can 更加礼貌委婉。
重难03 情态推测语气强弱区分
【经典例题】
1.(2024·浙江1月卷真题)It ________ be more convenient if shops provided small-sized food packs for customers.
【答案】could/might
【解析】考查情态动词委婉弱推测。语境表达无确凿把握的客观可能性,选用 could/might,为新高考高频语境化考点。
2.(2025·新高考适配真题变式)The photo quality is poor. It ________ have been taken in bad light conditions.
【答案】can’t/couldn’t
【解析】考查can’t/couldn’t have done 对过去的否定推测,否定推测固定使用 can’t/couldn’t,对标高考推测类命题规律
【解题技巧】
1.肯定推测分层:证据确凿→must;把握度低、微弱可能→may/might/could;
2.否定推测只能用 can’t/couldn’t,mustn’t 不可以表示推测,仅表禁止;
3.could 表达的可能性弱于 may,多用于书面语境下的客观可能性。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·深圳八月高三月考模拟)The package ________ arrive tomorrow, depending on the delivery speed.
【答案】could/may
【解析】考查情态动词表不确定推测。结合快递时效不确定的语境,表达客观微弱可能性,贴合高考委婉推测考法。
重难04 情态动词特殊固定句型+易混结构辨析(写作+语法填空高频)
【经典例题】
1.(2024·新高考真题改编)You ________ be too careful when you cross the busy street. Safety comes first.
【答案】can never / can’t
【解析】考查can’t/never…too… 固定句型,意为 “无论怎么…… 都不为过”,既是语法填空固定考点,也是写作高频加分句型。
2.(2025·高考真题变式)Since there is no better choice, we ________ as well accept the present plan.
【答案】may/might
【解析】考查may/might as well 固定句型,表“不妨、还是……为好”,适配近两年高考语境化命题风格。
3.(2024·浙江高考真题变式)Faced with the convincing evidence, I cannot but ________ (admit) my mistake.
【答案】admit
【解析】考查cannot but do / cannot help but do,含 but 后接动词原形,表 “不得不、只得”,注意与 cannot help doing 结构区分
4.(2025·新高考模拟)Hearing the funny story, no one could help ________ (laugh).
【答案】laughing
【解析】高频辨析考点:cannot help doing 后接动名词,表“情不自禁做某事”,与带but的原形结构形成必考对比。
【解题技巧】
1. 看到too/enough 搭配情态动词,优先锁定 can’t/never,牢记“越……越好、不为过”语义;
2. 语境出现“无更好选择、无奈妥协”,直接匹配 may/might as well 句型;
3. 辨析绝杀口诀:有but用原形,无but用doing,快速区分两组易混结构,零失误解题。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·八省联考模拟)You can never be ________ careful in the examination.
【答案】too
【解析】固定句型,考查never…too… 高频搭配。
2.(2026·湖南高三质检)We have waited for hours, so we ________ as well go home now.
【答案】may/might
【解析】考查may/might as well 固定句型,结合无奈等待的情景语境命题。
重难05 情态动词+被动语态变形考点
【经典例题】
1.(2024·全国甲卷改编)Traditional culture ________ (protect) and passed down from generation to generation.
【答案】should be protected
【解析】情态动词被动核心考点,should表“应当”,文化与保护为被动关系,考查情态+be done标准变形。
2.(2025·北京卷适配变式)The problem ________ (solve) immediately to avoid more trouble.
【答案】must be solved
【解析】must表强制义务,结合被动语态,适配高考语法填空变形考法,为近两年基础高频题型。
3.(2024·浙江1月卷变式)Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting ________ (cancel) tomorrow.
【答案】may be canceled
【解析】may表不确定推测,结合被动语境,考查推测类情态被动结构。
【解题技巧】
1. 先判语态:主语为事物、表客观规则/要求/推测,必用被动 be done;
2. 再定情态:强制要求用must/should;不确定推测用may/might/could;
3. 固定变形公式:情态动词 + be + 过去分词,无人称时态变化。
【考法预测】
1.(2026·山东开学质检)All classroom rules ________ (obey) strictly by every student.
【答案】must be obeyed
【解析】考查情态动词被动语态。规章制度为强制约束,用must表必须,规则与遵守为被动关系,完成情态被动变形。
2.(2026·浙江七彩阳光联考)The missing child ________ (find) with the help of the police soon.
【答案】may be found
【解析】考查情态动词+被动语态的推测用法。结合句末时间状语 soon(很快)和语境,表示对未来结果的“可能”推测,因此选用 may be found(可能会被找到), may 表可能性的把握相对最适中,最为推荐。
拔高・分层集训
基础演练
1.(2026·广州8月阶段测)The office light is off. He ________ (leave) the office already.
【答案】must have left
【解析】有客观线索佐证,考查must have done对过去动作的强肯定推测。
2.(2026·湖南高三阶段性检测)You ________ (worry) about the exam; you have prepared fully for months.
【答案】needn’t have worried
【解析】考查needn’t have done结构,表“本不必做却做了,白费功夫”。
3.(2026·武汉九师联盟)You ________ be too careful when taking important exams.
【答案】can never / can’t
【解析】考查高考高频固定句型can’t/never…too…,意为“无论怎么小心都不为过”。
4.(2026·杭州七彩阳光联考)Since we have waited so long, we ________ as well wait for the next bus.
【答案】may/might
【解析】考查may/might as well固定句型,表“不妨、还是……为好”。
5.(2026·天津蓟州高三月考)When he was young, he ________ go hiking in the mountains on weekends.
【答案】would
【解析】考查would用法,描述过去长期重复性习惯性动作。
6.(2026·河南许昌高三摸底)Facing the solid evidence, I cannot but ________ (admit) my fault.
【答案】admit
【解析】固定结构cannot but do sth.,后接动词原形,表“不得不、只得”。
7.(2026·山东第一次备考监测)Hearing the funny joke, students couldn’t help ________ (laugh).
【答案】laughing
【解析】cannot help doing sth. 固定搭配,表“情不自禁做某事”。
8.(2026·八省联考改编)The damaged ancient building ________ (repair) as soon as possible.
【答案】should be repaired
【解析】考查情态动词+被动语态,should表理应、应当,结合被动变形。
9.(2026·浙江金华一中)You ________ smoke in the classroom; it’s against school rules.
【答案】mustn’t
【解析】mustn’t表“禁止、绝不允许”,区分needn’t“不必”。
10.(2026·海口高三诊断)The light is still on. He ________ (go) to bed yet.
【答案】can’t/couldn’t have gone
【解析】根据 “灯还亮着” 客观线索,考查 can’t have done,对过去发生动作的否定推测。
能力进阶
1.(2026·荆州中学8月月考)He isn’t answering the phone. He ________ be busy, but I’m not sure.
【答案】may/might
【解析】无确凿证据,弱推测用may/might,区分强推测must、否定推测can’t。
2.(2026·辽宁辽西联考)You ________ (tell) him the news yesterday; he was going to take an important exam.
【答案】shouldn’t have told
【解析】shouldn’t have done表“本不该做却做了”,含责备、遗憾语气。
3.(2026·成都高三一诊)I ________ (help) you with your homework, but I was too busy yesterday.
【答案】could have helped
【解析】could have done表“本有能力做却未做”,暗含惋惜。
4.(2026·江苏新高考模拟)All traditional virtues ________ (pass) down from generation to generation.
【答案】ought to be passed / should be passed
【解析】传统美德的传承属于客观真理或普遍共识,用 should/ought to 表示‘理应如此’比 must 更符合语境,结合被动语态变形。
5.(2026·石家庄高三开学考)We have no better choice, so we ________ as well accept the existing plan.
【答案】may/might
【解析】无奈妥协语境,适配may/might as well固定句型。
6.(2026·西安高三月考)You ________ (prepare) so many dishes; only three guests came last night.
【答案】needn’t have prepared
【解析】needn’t have done表“本不必做,做了多余无用功”。
7.(2026·福州8月质检)Thanks to the firefighters, all people ________ escape from the burning building last night.
【答案】were able to
【解析】be able to 用于过去某一次具体事件中成功完成 / 脱险;could 仅泛指过去一般能力,不能描述单次成功逃生。
8.(2026·合肥高三联考)He ________ live in the countryside, but now he is used to city life.
【答案】used to
【解析】表过去长期居住状态,只能用used to,would仅用于动作。
9.(2026·重庆高三月考)You can never be ________ careful in the process of experiment.
【答案】too
【解析】固定句型never…too…,越……越好,适配科学实验严谨语境。
10.(2026·昆明高三摸底)The result is out. He ________ have cheated in the exam, for his score matches his usual level.
【答案】can’t/couldn’t
【解析】依据结果线索,对过去动作做否定推测,固定用can’t/couldn’t have done。
二、虚拟语气
考情·分析解读
考题统计
核心考点
题型
情态动词虚拟语气
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2022-2026
2026·全国I卷
未考
XXX
2026·全国II卷
未考
XXX
2026·浙江1月
未考
XXX
2025·浙江1月
情态动词+被动语态
情态动词与被动语态的综合运用
2024·年浙江1月
虚拟语气(条件句)
If条件句对现在/将来的虚拟
2024·全国甲卷
虚拟语气(suggest)
动词suggest后宾语从句的虚拟语气
2023·全国乙卷
虚拟语气(错综/让步)
if条件句虚拟与让步状语从句复合
2022. 新高考I卷
情态动词+have done
情态动词+完成式结构
考情解读
命题规律:
近5年(2022-2026)新高考虚拟语气高频稳定考查,累计考查4次,命题稳定、考点集中,无冷门题型,四大核心真实考向:
1. if引导虚拟条件句(核心必考):标准三时态虚拟、错综时间虚拟、省略if倒装虚拟三大题型;
2. 含蓄虚拟(拉分难点):without/but for/or/otherwise替代if从句,无明显虚拟标志,极易失分;
3. 名词性从句虚拟:表建议、命令、要求的动词/名词后统一使用(should)+动词原形;
4. 特殊句式固定虚拟:wish、as if、It’s high time、if only分层时态变形。
命题联动:虚拟主句谓语必须搭配would/could/might/should,常和情态动词综合考查。
备考策略
1. 熟记if虚拟三大标准公式,分清从句、主句时态搭配,区分现在/过去/将来;
2. 整理含蓄虚拟标志词清单,看到without/but for/or/otherwise立刻判定虚拟;
3. 分层记忆wish/as if三层时态:现在→过去式;过去→had done;将来→would do;
4. 攻克易混动词:suggest表“建议”虚拟,表“暗示”陈述;insist表“坚持要求”虚拟,“坚持认为”陈述;
5. 错综时间单独训练:主从句时间不一致时,各自匹配对应虚拟结构。
命题预测
1. 延续2022–2026核心考情,侧重含蓄无标志虚拟+特殊固定虚拟句式,弱化基础简单if句式,提升题型区分度;
2. 错综时间、if省略倒装持续作为重难点高频考查;
3. wish、It’s high time小众固定句式稳定出现;
4. 语法填空常给出动词原形,要求变形had done/would have done/(should) do,兼顾主动被动。
基础・知识梳理
知识导图
虚拟语气
一、if引导虚拟条件句
1.与现在相反:if did/were;主句+would do
2.与过去相反:if had done;主句+would have done
3.与将来相反:if should do/were to do/did;主句+would do
4.错综时间:主从句时间不同,分别变形
5.省略if倒装:had/were/should提前至主语前
二、含蓄虚拟(无if)
1.介词标志:without、but for
2.连词标志:or、otherwise
3.上下文暗含相反假设
三、名词性从句虚拟((should)+动词原形,should可省)
1.宾语从句:suggest/advise/demand/insist(要求)
2.主语从句:It’s necessary/strange/suggested that...
3.表语/同位语从句:suggestion/advice/order/request
四、特殊句式固定虚拟
1.wish从句:现在→过去式;过去→had done;将来→would do
2.as if/as though:时态规则同wish
3.It’s high time that:动词过去式 / should do(should不可省)
4.if only:感叹句,等同于wish含义
核心梳理
知识1 if虚拟条件句三大标准结构
虚拟假设对象
if从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
经典例句
与现在事实相反
一般过去式(be动词统一用were)
would/could/might/should + 动词原形
①If I were you, I would take this opportunity.如果我是你,我会抓住这个机会。
②If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足够的钱,我会买一辆新车。
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
would/could/might/should + have done
If you had arrived earlier, you wouldn’t have missed the opening ceremony.如果你早点到的话,你就不会错过开幕式了。
与将来事实相反(可能性极低)
①should do ②were to do ③一般过去式
would/could/might/should + 动词原形
①If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.万一明天下雨,我们就会推迟运动会。
②If I were to meet him tomorrow, I would tell him the news. 如果我明天碰巧遇到他,我会告诉他这个消息。
③If he won the lottery, he would buy a big house. 如果他中了彩票,他会买一栋大房子。
知识2 三大难点:错综时间虚拟 + if倒装虚拟+含蓄虚拟条件句
1. 错综时间虚拟(主从句时间不一致)
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整
从句假设过去,主句结果现在:If you had studied harder then, you would be a college student now.◦
如果你当时更努力学习,现在就已经是一名大学生了。
从句假设现在,主句结果过去:If I were you, I would have accepted the offer last week.
如果我是你,上周就接受那个提议了。
2. 省略if倒装
从句谓语包含had / were / should,可省略if,将三个词提前至主语前构成倒装
①If I had known the truth = Had I known the truth 如果我知道真相的话……
Had it not been for your timely help, I would have failed. 要不是你及时的帮助,我就失败了。
②If I were you = Were I you◦如果我是你……
Were there no gravity, we could not stand on the earth. 如果没有重力,我们就无法站在地球上。
③If it should rain = Should it rain 万一明天下雨……
Should the plan fail, we must have a backup ready. 万一计划失败,我们必须准备好备用方案。
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句(无if标志,高考高频)
用介词短语代替条件状语从句,标志词:without(倘若没有)、but for(要不是)、or/otherwise(否则)
标志词
含义
时态判断
补充例句
But for
要不是
与过去相反:couldn’t/wouldn’t have done与现在相反:couldn’t/wouldn’t do
But for the bad weather, we would have arrived on time.要不是因为恶劣天气,我们本可以准时到达。
Without
倘若没有
与现在相反:would do与过去相反:would have done
Without your encouragement, I wouldn’t have persisted.如果没有你的鼓励,我不会坚持下来。
Or / Otherwise
否则
与将来/现在相反:would do与过去相反:would have done
He was ill yesterday; otherwise, he would have come to the party.他昨天病了,否则他就来参加派对了。
Hurry up
快点(祈使句)
与将来相反:would do
Hurry up, or we would be late for class.快点,否则我们上课就要迟到了。
But
但是(隐含“要不是”)
视语境而定, but 后为客观事实,只用陈述语气,不用虚拟
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你,但我当时太忙了。
知识3 名词性从句虚拟(统一 (should)+动词原形,should可省略)
1. 宾语从句
⑴以下动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用 “(should+) 动词原形”
(建议/命令/要求):suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, request, order, command, insist(坚持要求)
巧记口诀:一坚持 (insist),二命令 (order、command),三建议 (advise、suggest、propose),四要求 (demand、require、request、desire);
例:He suggested that we (should) set off at dawn. 他建议我们黎明出发。
The doctor advised that he (should) stop smoking immediately. 医生建议他立即戒烟。
The teacher demanded that every student (should) submit the report by Friday. 老师要求每位学生在周五前提交报告。
⚠️词义区分:
①suggest 表“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气:
Her pale face suggests that she is unwell. 她苍白的脸色表明她身体不适。
② insist 表“坚持说、坚持认为(事实)”时,用陈述语气:
He insisted that he had never stolen the money. 他坚持说他从未偷过钱。
⑵用于 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示说话人认为不可能实现的愿望:
①表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去时或过去进行时 (be 动词一般用 were);
例:I wish I were a bird. 我真希望我是一只鸟。
I wish I knew the answer to this question. 我真希望我知道这个问题的答案。
②表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词常用 “had + 过去分词”;
例:I wish I hadn't said those harsh words to her yesterday. 我真希望我昨天没对她说那些刻薄的话。
③表示对将来的主观愿望:从句谓语动词形式为 “should/might/would/could + 动词原形”;
例:I wish it would stop raining. 我真希望雨能停。
I wish you could come to my party tomorrow. 我真希望你明天能来我的派对。
⑶ would rather 后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气:
在这种结构中,从句中的谓语动词通常用过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
① 表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去时(be 动词通常用 were)。
例:I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today. 我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天来。
She would rather he were here with her now. 她宁愿他现在能陪在她身边。
② 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。
例:I would rather you hadn't told her the truth yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没把真相告诉她。
2. 主语从句固定句型
句型:It is +形容词./过去分词+that…+(should)动词原形
① It is necessary/important/strange/natural/essential that…+(should)动词原形
② It is suggested/ordered/required /proposed /demanded that…+(should)动词原形
例:It’s strange that he (should) refuse our invitation.他居然拒绝了我们的邀请,真奇怪。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until 10 April.有人建议将运动会推迟到4月10日。
3. 表语从句、同位语从句(先行词为建议/命令类名词)
当先行词或表语为表示建议、命令、要求的名词时,从句使用虚拟语气:idea、proposal、suggestion、advice、order、plan、decision、desire、requirement 等,谓语动词用 “(should+) 动词原形”
例:My advice is that we (should) put off the plan. 我的建议是我们推迟这个计划。
The requirement is that all members (should) attend the meeting. 要求是所有成员都必须参加会议。
知识4 特殊句式固定虚拟变形
1.在状语从句中
as if/as though 引导的从句所表示的内容往往不是事实,常用虚拟语气,其形式与 wish 后宾语从句中的谓语动词相同:
例:He talks as if he knew everything about history. 他谈起话来仿佛对历史无所不知。(与现在相反)
She cried as if she had heard terrible news. 她哭得仿佛听到了可怕的消息。(与过去相反)
The child looked as if he would cry at any moment. 那孩子看起来仿佛随时都要哭出来。(与将来相反)
2.在定语从句中
It’s high / about time that… 早该……
从句谓语两种写法:①一般过去式 ②should + 动词原形(should不可省略)
It’s high time that we went home. = It’s high time that we should go home.我们早该回家了。
3.表示惊叹
if only 要是……就好了(独立感叹句,规则同wish)
例:If only I had studied harder in senior one! 要是高一的时候我更努力学习就好了!
If only I were a bird, I could fly to you. 要是我是一只鸟,就能飞到你身边了。
重难・核心突破
重难01 if标准虚拟三大时态(对标知识1|基础必考、语法填空核心)
【经典例题】
1. (2026·名校模拟)She talks and behaves as if she ________ (be) the boss of the company.
【答案】were
【解析】考查与现在事实相反的虚拟。as if引导方式状语从句,其虚拟规则与if条件句相同,be动词统一用were,是高考基础必考变形
2. (2026·名校模拟)Otherwise, we ________ (miss) the good chance to solve the problem.
【答案】would have missed
【解析】依托if过去虚拟主句公式,含蓄考查与过去事实相反结构,主句固定用would have done。
【解题技巧】
1. 先判时间维度:现在事实相反→从句did/were;过去事实相反→从句had done;将来虚拟→从句should do/were to do/did;
2. 主句固定搭配:现在/将来虚拟用would/could do;过去虚拟统一用would/could have done;
3. 零失误铁律:虚拟语气中,所有人称be动词一律用were,杜绝was。
【考法预测】
1. If I ________ (be) in your position, I would refuse the unreasonable request.
【答案】were
【解析】考查与现在事实相反的if虚拟语气。根据主句的would refuse判定为现在虚拟,从句be动词统一用were。
2. If you ________ (inform) me of the news earlier, I wouldn’t have made the mistake.
【答案】had informed
【解析】考查与过去事实相反的if虚拟语气。根据时间状语earlier及主句的wouldn't have made判定为过去虚拟,从句需用had done结构。
重难02 if拔高难点(错综时间+省略倒装|对标知识2|高考拉分重难点)
【经典例题】
1. (2023·全国乙卷真题改编)If you had practiced more, you ________ (be) much better at speaking now.
【答案】would be
【解析】错综时间虚拟:从句对过去虚拟(had done),主句对现在虚拟(would do),主从句时间拆分变形,是高考核心拉分点。
2. (2024·新高考改编)________ (have) I known your difficulty, I would have offered my help.
【答案】Had
【解析】if省略倒装虚拟:从句含had,省略if后将had提前,适配过去虚拟倒装结构。
【解题技巧】
1. 错综时间解题:拆分主从句时间状语,各自独立匹配对应虚拟公式,不统一时态;
2. 倒装虚拟判定:一看句首设空且无if,二找谓语是否含had/were/should,三提(将这三个词提至主语前完成倒装);
3. 倒装固定规则:仅had/were/should可提前,其余虚拟动词无倒装用法。
【考法预测】
1. Were I you, I ________ (seize) the opportunity immediately.
【答案】would seize
【解析】考查if省略倒装的现在虚拟语气。Were I you还原为If I were you,是对现在的假设,主句用would+动词原形。
2. If he ________ (study) hard in high school, he ________ (be) a college student now.
【答案】had studied; would be
【解析】考查错综时间虚拟语气。抓准时间标志词:“in high school”提示过去假设,从句用had studied;“now”提示当下结果,主句用would be,主从句分时变形。
重难03 含蓄虚拟语气(无标志虚拟|对标知识2|隐形难点)
【经典例题】
1. (2024·全国甲卷真题改编)Without the local support, we ________ (complete) the project smoothly last year.
【答案】couldn’t have completed
【解析】考查without引导的含蓄虚拟语气(过去)。without暗含“如果没有当地支持”的反向假设,与过去事实相反,主句用couldn’t have done,表示“本不可能完成”。
2.(2023·全国乙卷真题改编)I got up late. Otherwise, I ________ (catch) the early bus.
【答案】would have caught
【解析】考查otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟语气(过去)。实际起晚没赶上公交,暗含与过去事实相反的假设,主句固定用would have done结构。
【解题技巧】
1. 标志词秒判定:看到without/but for(要不是)、or/otherwise(否则),直接锁定含蓄虚拟;
2. 时态判定口诀:句中有过去时间词→用have done;表当下/将来假设→用would do;
3. 语义辅助:现实已发生,假设未发生;现实未发生,假设已发生。
【考法预测】
1. But for your advice, I ________ (make) a serious mistake yesterday.
【答案】would have made
【解析】考查but for引导的含蓄虚拟语气。yesterday提示针对过去事实虚拟,暗含“若无建议就会犯错”,主句用would have done结构。
2. Keep quiet, or we ________ (disturb) the sleeping children.
【答案】would disturb
【解析】考查or引导的含蓄虚拟语气。语境为当下假设,不保持安静就会打扰孩子,是对现在情况的虚拟,主句用would+动词原形。
重难04 名词性从句虚拟(对标知识3|固定句式必考)
【经典例题】
1. (2024·名校模拟)The doctor suggested that he ________ (stop) staying up late.
【答案】(should) stop
【解析】suggest表“建议”,宾语从句用(should)+动词原形;若表“暗示”则用陈述语气,为高频辨析考点。
2. (2025·新高考真题改编)It is necessary that every student ________ (abide) by school rules.
【答案】(should) abide
【解析】考查主语从句虚拟语气。It is necessary that...为固定虚拟句型,从句统一用(should)+动词原形,should可省略。
【解题技巧】
1. 口诀速记:一坚持、二命令、三建议、四要求,从句一律(should)+动词原形;
2. 词义辨析绝杀:suggest表“建议”虚拟、“暗示”陈述;insist表“要求”虚拟、“认为事实”陈述;
3. 固定句型:It is necessary/strange/suggested that… 从句通用(should)+动词原形。
【考法预测】
1. He insisted that he ________ (be) right and that he ________ (apologize).
【答案】was; (should) apologize
【解析】考查insist双重用法辨析。前半句表“坚持认为事实”,用陈述语气,过去动作用was;后半句表“坚持要求”,从句用(should)+动词原形虚拟语气。
2. My proposal is that the meeting ________ (put) off till next Monday.
【答案】(should) be put
【解析】考查表语从句虚拟语气。proposal表“建议”,对应的从句需用(should)+动词原形;meeting与put off为被动关系,故用(should) be put。
重难05 特殊句式专属虚拟(对标知识4|小众高频、固定必考)
【经典例题】
1. (2024·江苏模拟)I wish I ________ (have) more time to accompany my family.
【答案】had
【解析】考查wish引导与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。表示当下无法实现的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去式,贴合高考固定变形规则。
2. (2026·浙江模拟)It’s high time that we ________ (take) action to protect the environment.
【答案】took / should take
【解析】考查It’s high time专属虚拟句式。从句有两种合规写法:一般过去式、should+动词原形;该句式中should不可省略,为高考核心易错点。
【解题技巧】
1. wish/as if/if only 分层规则:现在相反→过去式;过去相反→had done;将来相反→would do;
2. It’s high time 专属规则:可用过去式/should do(should不可省略),严禁用动词原形;
3. would rather 从句:现在/将来虚拟→过去式;过去虚拟→had done。
【考法预测】
1. I would rather you ________ (not make) the silly mistake last night.
【答案】hadn’t made
【解析】考查would rather引导的宾语从句虚拟语气。时间状语last night提示针对过去事实虚拟,从句谓语统一用had done形式。
2. She looks as if she ________ (cry) for hours.
【答案】had cried
【解析】“此处考查虚拟语气,表达仿佛哭了数小时(并非真实发生),与过去事实相反,从句用 had done”。
拔高・分层集训
基础演练
1.(2026·广州8月阶段测)The office light is off. He ________ (leave) the office already.
【答案】must have left
【解析】有客观线索,对过去动作强肯定推测。
2.(2026·湖南高三阶段性检测)You ________ (worry) about the exam; you have prepared fully for months.
【答案】needn’t have worried
【解析】本不必焦虑,已经做了多余行为。
3.(2026·武汉九师联盟)If I ________ (have) more free time last year, I would have travelled abroad.
【答案】had had
【解析】if与过去事实相反虚拟,从句用had done。
4.(2026·杭州七彩阳光联考)My suggestion is that the travel plan ________ (put) off until next month.
【答案】(should) be put
【解析】同位语从句虚拟,plan与put off被动,(should) be done。
5.(2026·天津蓟州高三月考)When he lived overseas, he ________ walk along the seaside every evening.
【答案】would
【解析】would描述过去长期习惯性动作。
6.(2026·河南许昌高三摸底)But for the heavy rain, we ________ (reach) the village before dark yesterday.
【答案】would have reached
【解析】but for含蓄虚拟,yesterday对应would have done。
7.(2026·山东第一次备考监测)It’s high time that we ________ (pay) attention to teenagers’ mental health.
【答案】paid / should pay
【解析】It’s high time固定虚拟句式。
8.(2026·八省联考改编)She can’t find her door key. She ________ (drop) it on the subway train.
【答案】might/could have dropped
【解析】无确凿证据,弱推测过去发生动作。
9.(2026·浙江金华一中)It is required that every student ________ (hand) in homework on time every day.
【答案】(should) hand
【解析】It is required that主语从句,虚拟(should)+动词原形。
10.(2026·海口高三诊断)I wish I ________ (know) how to play the piano at present.
【答案】knew
【解析】wish与现在事实相反,谓语用动词过去式。
能力进阶
1.(2026·荆州中学8月月考)If you ________ (master) basic grammar before senior three, you ________ (find) this exam much easier now.
【答案】had mastered; would find
【解析】从句过去假设,主句现在结果,错综时间虚拟。
2.(2026·辽宁辽西联考)—Why didn’t you accept the job offer last month?
—I ________ (take) it, but my parents didn’t allow me to move to another city.
【答案】could have taken
【解析】本有机会接受工作,现实未实现,表惋惜。
3.(2026·成都高三一诊)________ (meet) him yesterday, I would have told you all the truth.
【答案】Had I met
【解析】省略if,had提前倒装,过去虚拟。
4.(2026·江苏新高考模拟)Without modern communication software, people ________ (keep) in touch so conveniently today.
【答案】wouldn’t keep
【解析】without暗含与现在事实相反假设。
5.(2026·石家庄高三开学考)He insisted that he ________ (be) innocent and that he ________ (set) free immediately.
【答案】was; (should) be set
【解析】前半句insist表“坚持认为”用陈述;后半句表“坚持要求”用虚拟被动。
6.(2026·西安高三月考)You ________ (inform) me of the schedule change earlier; I missed the important conference.
【答案】should have informed
【解析】本该提前告知却未做,带有批评、遗憾。
7.(2026·福州8月质检)If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
【答案】should rain / were to rain / rained
【解析】与将来极低可能性相反的三种标准从句形式。
8.(2026·合肥高三联考)I would rather you ________ (not tell) him the secret last night.
【答案】hadn’t told
【解析】would rather对过去事实虚拟,谓语用had done。
9.(2026·重庆高三月考)The elderly man talks as if he ________ (witness) the ancient war himself hundreds of years ago.
【答案】had witnessed
【解析】as if引导从句,时间为数百年前,与过去相反用had done。
10.(2026·昆明高三摸底)Or we ________ (get) stuck in heavy traffic if we hadn’t set out early in the morning.
【答案】would have got
【解析】or暗含相反假设,实际早起未堵车,与过去相反。
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