构词法练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 本练习聚焦构词法，通过基础识别、技能应用到综合语用的分层设计，系统巩固合成/派生/转化法知识，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础认知层|构词方式识别与基础转化|通过classroom等典型例词判断合成/派生/转化法，强化概念认知| |技能应用层|词形变化与前缀辨析|结合im-否定前缀、-ness名词后缀等考查单词变形，通过un-/dis-前缀辨析提升应用能力| |综合语用层|语篇语境中的构词综合运用|以校园生活、自然灾害语篇为情境，融合语法与构词知识考查语篇填空|

构词法练习 一、判断构词方式：合成法 / 派生法 / 转化法 写出下面单词的构成类型 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 classroom ________ unhappy ________ water (n. 水 → v. 浇水) ________ blackboard ________ careful ________ hand (n. 手 → v. 传递) ________ rewrite ________ earthquake ________ 二.单词变形填空 1. It is _____________ (possible) for us to finish the work in ten minutes. 2. He is an _____________ (experience) teacher who has taught for 20 years. 3. We should be _____________ (care) when we do first aid. 4. The _____________ (injure) boy was sent to hospital at once. 5. It is of great _____________ (important) to keep healthy. 6. He spoke _____________ (gentle) to the little kid. 7. Don’t be _____________ (patient); wait for another ten minutes. 8. This new rule brings great _____________ (convenient) to students. 9. The whole city was in _____________ (destroy) after the big earthquake. 10. She is a _____________ (care) girl and seldom makes mistakes. 11. Many young people want to become _____________ (music) in the future. 12. We need _____________ (protect) from natural disasters. 13. The film is so _____________ (bore) that I want to leave. 14. His _____________ (kind) helps many homeless people. 15. You need to _____________ (wide) your horizons by travelling. 三、根据汉语提示，用正确派生词填空 1. It’s _____________ (不合情理的) to give up easily when facing difficulties. 2. His _____________ (虚弱) comes from staying up late every day. 3. This medicine is _____________ (有用的) for your sore throat. 4. The _____________ (幸存者) of the flood were well looked after. 5. We should _____________ (现代化) our learning methods. 四、选词填空（前缀辨析：un- /dis-/re- /mis-） unhappy, dislike, rewrite, misunderstand, unfair 1. Please _____________ your composition to correct the mistakes. 2. It is _____________ to let only one student do all the work. 3. They _____________ each other because of little communication. 4. I _____________ getting up early on cold winter mornings. 5. She felt _____________ because no one played with her. 五、转化法小练习 book n. 书本 → v. _____________ cool adj. 凉爽的 → v. _____________ email n. 邮件 → v. _____________ quiet adj. 安静的 → v. ________ impress v.使印象深刻→ n. ________ organise v. 组织→ n. ________ explore v. 探索；探究→ n. ________ graduate v. 毕业→ n. ________ suitable adj. 合适的→ v. ________ balance n./v. 平衡→ adj. ________ 六、语篇填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I’m Li Hua, who has entered senior high school recently. I’m writing to share my new school life 1._________ my best friend. Our campus is a big place 2._________ there are many tall trees and bright buildings. The classmates 3._________ I meet are very friendly and they are always ready 4._________ (give) me a hand when I have trouble. Besides, different subjects are really 5._________ (interest). I still remember the day 6._________ I first came to this school. My teacher is an 7._________ (experience) lady. She tells us it is of great 8._________ (important) to form good learning habits. There is nothing 9._________ can stop me from making progress. I believe I will get used 10._________ the new life soon. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Natural disasters are serious problems 1._________ often hurt people. Last month a heavy flood hit a small village, 2._________ many houses were badly damaged. The 3._________ (injure) villagers were sent to hospital quickly. We should learn basic first-aid skills, 4._________ can help save lives. Do you know the reason 5._________ we need these skills? It is 6._________ (extreme) necessary when accidents happen. The teacher 7._________ son works as a doctor teaches us how to protect ourselves. We must attach 8._________ (we) importance to safety. Nothing 9._________ is impossible if we make full 10._________ (prepare) ahead of time. 参考答案： 一、判断构词方式：合成法 / 派生法 / 转化法 1. classroom —— 合成法 2. unhappy —— 派生法 3. water (n. 水 → v. 浇水) —— 转化法 4. blackboard —— 合成法 5. careful —— 派生法 6. hand (n. 手 → v. 传递) —— 转化法 7. rewrite —— 派生法 8. earthquake —— 合成法 二、单词变形填空 1. impossible 不可能的（im - 否定前缀） 2. experienced 有经验的（形容词修饰 teacher） 3. careful 小心的（be + 形容词） 4. injured 受伤的（形容词修饰 boy） 5. importance 名词；of great importance=very important 6. gently 副词修饰动词 spoke 7. impatient 不耐烦的（im - 否定前缀） 8. convenience 名词，great 后接名词 9. destruction 毁坏；in destruction 处于损毁状态 10. careful 细心的，修饰 girl 11. musicians 音乐家，many 后用复数 12. protection 名词，动词 need 后接宾语 13. boring 修饰事物 “令人无聊的” 14. kindness 名词，his 后接名词 15. widen 动词，-en 后缀表 “使…… 拓宽” 三、根据汉语提示，用正确派生词填空 1. unreasonable 2. weakness 3. useful 4. survivors 5. modernize 四、选词填空（unhappy, dislike, rewrite, misunderstand, unfair） 1. rewrite 重写 2. unfair 不公平的 3. misunderstand 误解 4. dislike 不喜欢 5. unhappy 不开心 五、转化法小练习 1. book n. 书本 → v. 预订 2. cool adj. 凉爽的 → v. 使冷却；降温 3. email n. 邮件 → v. 发邮件 4. quiet adj. 安静的 → v. 使安静；平静下来 5. impress v. 使印象深刻 → n. impression 印象 6. organise v. 组织 → n. organisation/organization 组织 7. explore v. 探索 → n. exploration 探索 8. graduate v. 毕业 → n. graduation 毕业 9. suitable adj. 合适的 → v. suit 适合 10. balance n./v. 平衡 → adj. balanced 均衡的 六、语篇填空 Passage 1 1. with 固定搭配 share sth with sb 和某人分享 2. where 定语从句，先行词 place，缺地点状语 3. who/whom/that 先行词 classmates 指人，从句缺宾语 4. to give be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 5. interesting 修饰 subjects，令人有趣的 6. when 先行词 the day，缺时间状语 7. experienced 形容词，有经验的 8. importance of great importance 重要性 9. that 先行词 nothing，定语从句只用 that 10. to get used to 习惯于 Passage 2 1. that/which 先行词 problems 指物，从句缺主语 2. where 定语从句修饰 village，地点状语 3. injured 形容词，受伤的村民 4. which 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事 5. why the reason why… …… 的原因 6. extremely 副词修饰形容词 necessary 7. whose 所属关系，the teacher’s son 8. our 形容词性物主代词修饰 importance 9. that 先行词 nothing，只用 that 10. preparations make full preparations 做好充分准备 $