Unit 3 War and Peace Starting out & Understanding ideas-分级课时练习-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 课程：高中英语；单元：Unit 3 War and Peace；资料类型：同步练；场景：新授课。以"A级基础夯实+B级能力提升"分层设计，通过词汇-句型-语篇递进路径巩固语言知识，融合高考真题与跨文化阅读，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|核心词汇（拼写）、基础语法（单句填空）、基础写作（单句及情景片段）|结合高考真题（如天津卷词汇题），聚焦基础语言知识内化，通过单句写作到80词片段构建语篇能力| |B级|语篇理解（军事著作对比、二战故事）、文化意识（战争与和平主题）|选取跨文化军事文本与情感故事，通过细节推理与主旨概括题提升思维品质，知识积累卡辅助语言能力深化|

Unit 3　War and Peace Starting out & Understanding ideas A级 必备知识基础 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.(2025天津6月卷)I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes,swimming and cycling—and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle,my 　　　　　　(目标) for all activities.  2.I still clearly 　　　　　　(回想) the warm moment we spent together last summer.  3.The little boy tried hard not to 　　　　　　(淹死) in the deep river before being saved.  4.Many 　　　　　　(部队) were sent to the disaster area to offer timely help and support.  5.His hard work makes him one of the most (优秀的) students in our grade. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.(2025天津6月卷)In our house,Mom set up a sewing area.I sat at her sewing machine,my feet 　　　　　　(bare) reaching the presser foot.  2.The police took immediate action to stop the 　　　　　　(violence) conflict.  3.She felt 　　　　　　(horror) when she saw the terrible damage caused by the storm.  4.The country gained its 　　　　　　(liberate) after years of hard struggle.  5.Students should often review what they have learned to 　　　　　　(memory) it well.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.尽管路途遥远艰险,他们还是成功按时抵达了目的地。 Despite the long and tough journey,they managed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on time.  2.夜幕降临,小镇的人们陆续回到了温暖的家中。(独立主格结构) 　　　　　　　　　　　,the townspeople returned to their warm homes one after another. 3.男孩眼里满是坚定的光芒,大步走向了比赛赛场。(with 复合结构) The boy stepped onto the competition field,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.经过一整天辛苦的志愿服务,女孩疲惫却满足地回到了住处。(形容词短语作状语) She came back to her accommodation,　　　　　　　　　　　　 after a full day of volunteer work.  5.每当身边人陷入困境,她永远是第一个伸出援手的人。(动词不定式作定语) She is always the first person 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　whenever people around her meet trouble.  Ⅳ.情景微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.士兵们接到了一项严格的命令,要从敌军占领区解救出人质。(command) The soldiers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to rescue the hostages from the enemy-occupied area.  2.当他们靠近时,眼前的景象充满了恐怖。(horror) As they approached,the scene 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.到处都是被毁坏的房屋和受伤的平民。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 were everywhere.  4.他们不禁谴责战争的残酷。(condemn) They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.怀着巨大的勇气,他们英勇奋战,决心将无辜的人们从这场噩梦中解救出来。(free...from...) With great courage,they fought bravely,determined to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  6.战斗结束后,他们小心翼翼地照料获救者的伤口,他们温柔的举动与刚刚经历的残酷形成了鲜明的对比。 After the battle,they carefully 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and their gentle actions stood in sharp contrast to the brutality they had just experienced.  7.他们抵达了目的地,完成了这项危险的任务,给那些受苦的人们带来了希望。(make it to) They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and completed the dangerous mission,bringing hope to those suffering.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的关于“和平与战争”的读后续写片段(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B级 能力素养提升 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2026山西朔州高二下月考) Military works Author Introduction The Art of War Sun Tzu(about 544—496 BCE) Sun Tzu,a well-known military strategist in ancient China,lived during the Spring and Autumn Period.It was in such a complex and war-torn environment that Sun Tzu,with his rich military experience and deep insights,penned it.It is the oldest military work in the world,covering 13 short chapters that explain how wars work,how to win battles,and how leaders should think.One famous idea is “to win without fighting”. On War Carl von Clausewitz (1780—1831) He was a German military thinker.His book says war is a way to force an enemy to do what you want.It also says war is closely linked to politics.It deeply explores the differences between tactics(战术) and strategy,and is of great significance to military professionals and political theorists. The History of the Peloponnesian War Thucydides(about 460—400 BCE) It records the details of the war between the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta and the Athenian Empire.This book is of high historical value,objectively and comprehensively presenting the process and impact of the war,and is an important work for studying ancient Greek history. The Art of War Niccolò Machiavelli(1469—1527) He was an Italian writer from the Renaissance.His book talks about how to build and train an army,how to arrange soldiers in battle,and how governments should organize defenses.Many ideas were new for his time. Naval Strategy Alfred Thayer Mahan(1840—1914) He was an American naval(海军的) officer.His book was the first to study naval strategy.He argued that a strong navy is key to a country’s power,because controlling the seas helps protect trade and win wars. 1.Which book is significant for the research on ancient Greek history? A.On War. B.Naval Strategy. C.The Art of War by Sun Tzu. D.The History of the Peloponnesian War. 2.What do these two books with the same name have in common? A.They both have 13 chapters. B.Both authors are experienced generals. C.They were written around the same time period. D.Both books offer a unique understanding of war. 3.What is the key point of Mahan’s Naval Strategy? A.War relies on complex politics. B.Navies should only protect coastlines. C.A strong navy is necessary to a country. D.Trade is more important than military power. B (2026辽宁大连高二下月考) During World War Ⅱ,fascism brought great darkness to Europe.In a small Italian town,Guido,a kind and optimistic Jewish man,lived a happy life with his wife Dora and their 5-year-old son Joshua.With his humor and positivity,Guido always made their ordinary life full of joy. However,their peaceful life was broken by the war.When the Nazi army occupied Italy,they arrested Jewish people cruelly.On Joshua’s birthday,Nazi soldiers broke into their house and forced Guido and Joshua onto a crowded train bound for a concentration camp.Though Dora was not Jewish and faced great danger,she insisted on following her family. Life in the camp was extremely cruel.Hunger,cold,and hard labor filled the prisoners with despair.Fearing that the terrible reality would hurt Joshua’s innocence,Guido told a lie:they were in a special competition.All hardships were tasks to earn points,and the prize was a real tank Joshua dreamed of. Joshua believed his father completely.Guido bore all the pain alone and never let Joshua see the horror of the camp.As the war was drawing to an end,the camp became more dangerous.Guido hid Joshua in a cabinet and went to find Dora,but he was arrested by Nazi soldiers.When passing the cabinet,Guido walked in a funny way to let Joshua believe the lie.Soon,a gunshot rang out and Guido died.The next morning,Joshua saw a real tank and reunited with Dora. War brings endless suffering,but Guido’s selfless love protected Joshua’s innocence and hope.It proves that Father’s love is a powerful force that can defeat darkness even in the worst times. 4.What can we infer about Dora from paragraph 2? A.She was arrested because of her family background. B.She chose to stay with her family despite the great risk. C.She followed her family under the influence of the soldiers. D.She believed they would probably get through the difficulty. 5.Why did Guido tell his son they were joining a competition? A.To encourage Joshua to finish labor tasks more actively. B.To help Joshua realize his dream of getting a tank. C.To protect Joshua from fear and hopelessness in the camp. D.To teach Joshua practical skills for difficult situations. 6.Why did Guido keep the lie even when facing death? A.He wanted to leave Joshua hope rather than fear and pain. B.He worried that Joshua might give away his hiding place. C.He expected the lie to help Joshua get more points in the game. D.He planned to amuse the soldiers so they might let him go. 7.What is the main theme of the passage? A.Strong determination plays an important role in overcoming difficulties. B.War may bring great pain and destruction to ordinary people. C.Kind lies may help protect people from unpleasant experiences. D.A father’s selfless love can defeat darkness in difficult times. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.optimistic adj.　　　　  2.positivity n.　　　　　　  3.occupy v.　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.pen　本文义:v.　　　　　　　　　熟义:n. 　　　  2.bound　本文义:adj.　　　　　　　　　　　熟义:adj.　　　　　　　　　 三、词块速记 1.of great significance 　　　　　　　　  2.insist on doing sth.　　　　　　  四、长难句分析 It is the oldest military work in the world,covering 13 short chapters that explain how wars work,how to win battles,and how leaders should think. 分析:本句为　　　　　　　句。句中现在分词covering作　　　　　语;that 引导　　　　从句,修饰先行词 chapters;定语从句内包含三个并列的　　　　从句(how 引导),共同作 explain的　　　　。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.objective　2.recall　3.drown　4.troops　5.outstanding Ⅱ.1.barely　2.violent　3.horrified　4.liberation　5.memorize Ⅲ.1.make it to the destination　2.Night falling　3.with his eyes shining with determination　4.tired but content　5.to reach out and offer help Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.received a strict command　2.was filled with horror 3.Ruined houses and injured civilians　4.couldn’t help but condemn the cruelty of war　5.free the innocent people from the nightmare　6.tended to the wounds of the rescued　7.made it to the location Activity 2 The soldiers received a strict command to rescue the hostages from the enemy-occupied area.As they approached,the scene was filled with horror.Ruined houses and injured civilians were everywhere.They couldn’t help but condemn the cruelty of war.With great courage,they fought bravely,determined to free the innocent people from the nightmare.After the battle,they carefully tended to the wounds of the rescued,and their gentle actions stood in sharp contrast to the brutality they had just experienced.Finally,they made it to the location and completed the dangerous mission,bringing hope to those suffering. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章用表格的形式呈现了五本著名军事著作及其作者和作品简介。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第三部分中的“This book is of high historical value,objectively and comprehensively presenting the process and impact of the war,and is an important work for studying ancient Greek history.”可知,The History of the Peloponnesian War对于研究古希腊的历史意义重大。故选D项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“It is the oldest military work in the world,covering 13 short chapters that explain how wars work,how to win battles,and how leaders should think.One famous idea is ‘to win without fighting’.”以及第四部分中的“Many ideas were new for his time.”可知,两部书都对战争有独特的见解。故选D项。 3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一部分中的“He argued that a strong navy is key to a country’s power,because controlling the seas helps protect trade and win wars.”可推知,Mahan在他的书中强调了海军对国家力量的重要性。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。二战期间,圭多为保护儿子,用谎言将集中营生活伪装成游戏,以无私父爱守护孩子纯真,彰显父爱能战胜黑暗的强大力量。 4.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Joshua’s birthday,Nazi soldiers broke into their house and forced Guido and Joshua onto a crowded train bound for a concentration camp.Though Dora was not Jewish and faced great danger,she insisted on following her family.”可推知,朵拉不顾风险选择和家人在一起。故选B项。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fearing that the terrible reality would hurt Joshua’s innocence,Guido told a lie:they were in a special competition.All hardships were tasks to earn points,and the prize was a real tank Joshua dreamed of.”可知,圭多这样说是为了保护儿子不被恐惧和绝望伤害。故选C项。 6.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As the war was drawing to an end,the camp became more dangerous.Guido hid Joshua in a cabinet and went to find Dora,but he was arrested by Nazi soldiers.When passing the cabinet,Guido walked in a funny way to let Joshua believe the lie.”可推知,他想留给儿子希望,而非恐惧与痛苦。故选A项。 7.D　主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段可知,文章主要讲二战期间,圭多为保护儿子,用谎言将集中营生活伪装成游戏,以无私父爱守护孩子纯真,所以文章主题是父亲无私的爱能在困境中战胜黑暗。故选D项。 知识积累卡 一、1.乐观的　2.积极;乐观　3.占据;占用;使忙于 二、1.写　笔;钢笔　2.要到……去的;驶往……的　必然的;肯定的 三、1.具有重要意义　2.坚持做某事 四、主从复合　伴随状　定语　宾语　宾语 这是世界上最古老的军事著作,全书共13个短篇章节,阐释战争的运行规律、取胜的战术以及将领应当具备的思维方式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $