Unit1语法(现在完成时态讲解I)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦现在完成时态，系统梳理从核心概念（连接过去动作与现在状态）到句子结构（肯定、否定、疑问及记忆口诀），再到标志副词（just/already/yet的用法与位置）、动词变化（规则与不规则）、与一般过去时的对比辨析（表格+例句）及做题三步法（时间状语、标志词、句意分析）的递进式学习支架。 该资料通过对比表格明晰时态差异，记忆口诀简化结构规则，三步法提升答题逻辑，有效培养学生语言能力（准确运用时态）和思维品质（分析判断）。多样化练习（词形填空、单选等）覆盖不同题型，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后助力学生巩固查漏，强化学习效果。

Unit1 This is me语法讲解与练习 现在完成时态讲解(一) 一、现在完成时核心概念 定义 动作发生在过去某个时间，不强调动作什么时候做，重点突出：这个过去的行为对现在造成结果、影响；也可以表示截止到目前已经完成的经历。 ✅关键：连接「过去动作」和「现在状态」 I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 →看电影是过去发生的，造成现在的结果：我了解剧情，不想再看。 ❌误区：现在完成时不能搭配明确的过去时间（yesterday, last week, …ago） 二、句子结构（肯定/否定 /疑问） 1. 肯定句 公式： ① 主语 I /you/we /they + have + 动词过去分词 ② 主语 he /she/it（第三人称单数）+ has + 动词过去分词 I have entered lots of competitions. 我参加过很多比赛。 My aunt has travelled all over the world. 我的姑姑已经周游了世界。 They have given concerts all over the world. 他们已经在世界各地举办过音乐会。 2. 否定句 have not = haven’t；has not = hasn’t 公式： 主语 + haven’t /hasn’t + 动词过去分词 I haven’t seen the questionnaire. 我还没有看过这份调查问卷。 She hasn’t been to Los Angeles. 她没有去过洛杉矶。 We haven’t travelled around the world. 我们还没有环游世界。 3. 一般疑问句 公式： Have / Has +主语+动词过去分词？ 简答规则：用什么提问，用什么回答，不能出现 did ✅例句： —Have you ever won any prizes before? 你以前得过奖吗？ —Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. —Has he been to Los Angeles? 他去过洛杉矶吗？ —Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. —Have they given concerts? 他们举办过音乐会吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 📌记忆口诀: 三单主语用has,其余主语都用 have； 疑问have/has提前,否定后面加 not。 三、标志副词：just /already/yet（高频考点） 1. just 刚刚 ✅用法：只用在肯定句；位置放在 have /has 后面 含义：动作刚刚完成 I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到这个消息。 We have just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。 2. already 已经 ✅用法：多用于肯定句；位置放在 have /has 后面 强调事情早已完成 Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3. yet 还，尚未 ✅用法：多用于否定句、一般疑问句；放在句子末尾 暗含：现在没完成，但以后有可能 否定句 The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。 Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。 Have you finished your homework yet? 你写完作业了吗？ 📌三者位置总结 肯定句：主语 + have/has + just/already +过去分词 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + … + yet（句尾） 四、现在完成时态动词变化 🔹规则动词（过去式 = 过去分词） 动词原形直接加ed work → worked；call → called 以字母e结尾，直接加 d live → lived；move → moved 辅音字母+ y结尾：变y为i，再加ed study → studied；worry → worried 元音字母+ y，不变y，直接加ed： play → played 重读闭音节（辅元辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母，再加ed stop → stopped；plan → planned 🔹不规则动词（过去式≠过去分词，详细见课本附表） 五、重难点辨析：现在完成时 VS 一般过去时（考试必考） 时态 核心侧重点 时间状语限制 现在完成时 过去动作,带来现在的结果/影响；不关心动作发生具体时间 ❌不能搭配yesterday, …ago, last month 等明确过去时间 一般过去时 单纯叙述过去某一个确切时间发生的动作,和现在没有联系 ✅必须/可以搭配具体过去时间 成对对比例句 I have just been to London.（现在完成时） 含义：我去过伦敦，我了解这座城市（侧重现在的经历） I went there last month.（一般过去时） 含义：我上个月去的那里（单纯交代过去时间的动作） I have already finished my homework.（现完） 含义：作业写完了，我现在可以出去玩（现在结果） I finished it an hour ago.（一般过去时） 含义：一小时前完成的，只陈述过去事件 六、做题判断三步法（答题技巧） 1.看有没有明确过去时间（yesterday, last…, …ago）→有→直接一般过去时 2.看见 just /already/yet →优先考虑现在完成时 3.读句意：是否强调现在的结果、影响 ✔强调现在结果 → 现在完成时 ✔只单纯讲过去发生一件事 → 一般过去时 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ (see) this film three times, so I won’t go with you. 2.My uncle ________ (travel) to many foreign countries so far. 3.—________ you ever ________ (win) any prizes in writing competitions? —No, never. 4.Tom ________ (not finish) his science project yet. 5.We ________ just ________ (hear) the exciting news about the space trip. 6.She ________ already ________ (be) to Los Angeles twice. 7.They ________ (enter) lots of competitions, but they have never won. 8.________ your parents ________ (visit) the moon museum before? 9.Scientists ________ (not find) any living things on Mars yet. 10.I ________ never ________ (eat) Russian food in my life. 11.Anna ________ (put) her notebook somewhere, and she can’t find it now. 12.We ________ (make) quite a few friends since we came to this school. 13.—________ they ________ (give) concerts in Asia? —Yes, they have. 14.Lily ________ (not go) to the city library since last month. 15.My brother ________ just ________ (find) his lost wallet under the bed. 16.You ________ (do) so much work. Take a break! 17.Humans ________ (not discover) lives on other planets up to now. 18.I ________ (have) lunch, so I don’t feel hungry at all. 19.________ she ________ (meet) that famous astronaut before? 20.The kids ________ (play) basketball for nearly two hours. 21.He ________ (not tell) me the whole truth up to now. 22.We ________ already ________ (start) our school English survey. 23.Lots of students ________ (agree) to take part in the competition. 24.—________ you ________ (read) the questionnaire in today’s newspaper? —Not yet. 25.Jack ________ (not travel) outside his hometown. Ⅱ. 单项选择 ( )1. —Have you watched the movie? —Yes. I ______ it with my sister last Sunday. A. watch B. watched C. have watched D. will watch ( )2. Astronauts ______ already ______ to the moon. A. have; been B. has; been C. have; be D. has; gone ( )3. —Has your mother visited Xi’an? —______. She plans to visit it during the holiday. A. Yes, she has B. No, she hasn’t C. Yes, she does D. No, she doesn’t ( )4. —Where is Mike? —He ______ to the bookstore. He will come back soon. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been ( )5. Man ______ any life on other planets yet. A. has discovered B. haven’t discovered C. hasn’t discovered D. have discovered ( )6. I ______ just ______ the news about the competition result. A. has; heard B. have; heard C. have; hear D. has; hear ( )7. We ______ many speaking competitions, but we haven’t got any prizes. A. enter B. entered C. have entered D. will enter ( )8. —I have finished my geography homework. —Really? When ______ you ______ it? A. have; finish B. did; finish C. do; finish D. will; finish ( )9. —Have you ______ taken a plane? —No, I haven’t. A. ever B. already C. just D. yet ( )10. The girl hasn’t known the result______ . A. already B. just C. yet D. ever ( )11. My grandpa ______ all over the world. He has hundreds of wonderful stories. A. travel B. travels C. travelled D. has travelled ( )12. — you ______ the questionnaire in the newspaper? —Yes, I have. A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Do; see D. Will; see ( )13. I ______ the film. I don’t want to watch it once more. A. saw B. watch C. have seen D. will watch ( )14. They ______ concerts across the world over the past five years. A. give B. gave C. have given D. gives ( )15. —Why don’t you watch this film with us? —Because I ______ seen it already. A. was B. am C. have D. has Ⅲ. 句型改写 1.I have seen the questionnaire in this newspaper.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________________ 2.We have travelled around the world.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） ___________________________________________________ 3.She has been to Los Angeles.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） ___________________________________________________ 4.They have given concerts all over the world.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________________ 5.I have just heard the news.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________________ 6.He has won some prizes before.（改为否定句，注意词汇变化） ___________________________________________________ 7.My aunt has travelled all over the world.（改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________ 8.We have already finished our homework.（改为否定句，替换使用 yet） ___________________________________________________ 9.They have entered lots of competitions.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________________ 10.Has your sister been to England?（写出完整否定回答） ___________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 汉译英 1.我已经看过这部电影，不想再看了。 ___________________________________________________ 2.你曾经在比赛中获得过奖项吗？ ___________________________________________________ 3.我的姑姑已经周游全世界，见识了许多风景。 ___________________________________________________ 4.科学家们至今还没有收到来自那颗星球的信号。 ___________________________________________________ 5.我们刚刚开始探索宇宙中的其他行星。 ___________________________________________________ 6.很多人已经同意抽出时间帮助我们。 ___________________________________________________ 7.宇航员已经成功登上月球很多次。 ___________________________________________________ 8.我还没有阅读报纸上的这份调查问卷。 ___________________________________________________ 9.这支乐队已经在世界各地举办过上百场音乐会。 ___________________________________________________ 10.人类到目前为止尚未在太空发现任何外星生命。 ___________________________________________________ Keys Ⅰ. 词形填空 1.have seen 2.has travelled 3.Have; won 4.hasn’t finished 5.have; heard 6.has; been 7.have entered 8.Have; visited 9.haven’t found 10.have; eaten 11.has put 12.have made 13.Have; given 14.hasn’t gone 15.has; found 16.have done17.haven’t discovered 18.have had 19.Has; met 20.have played 21.hasn’t told 22.have; started 23.have agreed 24.Have; read 25.hasn’t travelled Ⅱ. 单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C Ⅲ. 句型改写 1.I haven’t seen the questionnaire in this newspaper. 2.—Have you travelled around the world? —Yes, we have. 3.—Has she been to Los Angeles? —No, she hasn’t. 4.They haven’t given concerts all over the world. 5.What have you just heard? 6.He hasn’t won any prizes before. 7.Has your aunt travelled all over the world? 8.We haven’t finished our homework yet. 9.What have they entered? 10.No, she hasn’t. Ⅳ. 汉译英 1.I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again. 2.Have you ever won any prizes in competitions? 3.My aunt has travelled all over the world and seen lots of sights. 4.The scientists haven’t received messages from that planet yet. 5.We have just started to explore other planets in space. 6.Many people have agreed to spare time to help us. 7.Astronauts have already been to the moon many times. 8.I haven’t read the questionnaire in the newspaper yet. 9.The band has given hundreds of concerts all over the world. 10.Man has not discovered any alien life in space so far. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $