2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步语法讲解（现在完成时二）-（外研版）

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了现在完成时（二）的核心内容，涵盖持续用法、时间状语、延续性与非延续性动词转换、句型结构及since与for区别，搭建从基础概念到动词转换再到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“语法讲解+分层精练”为特色，将延续性动词转换标注为“重中之重”，通过转换表和错误对比示例构建知识关联，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计30道分层练习题分基础巩固、能力提升、综合挑战，适配不同学习水平，便于学生自主复习，辅助教师精准教学。

现在完成时（二） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、核心用法： 1 二、常用时间状语 1 三、延续性动词与非延续性动词 2 1. 什么是延续性动词？ 2 2. 什么是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）？ 2 3. 如何正确使用？ 2 4. 对比示例 3 四、句型结构 4 五、since 与 for 的区别 4 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 6 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 7 一、核心用法：表示从过去某时开始持续到现在的动作或状态 现在完成时的第二种核心用法是：表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，还可能继续持续下去。这种用法常与 “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 时间点/过去时的从句” 连用。 · I have lived here for ten years.（我在这里住了十年了。——从十年前开始住，一直住到现在。） · She has studied English since 2015.（她从2015年起就一直学英语。——持续到现在。） · We have known each other since we were children.（我们从孩提时就认识彼此了。） 二、常用时间状语（标志词） 类型 举例 说明 for + 时间段 for two hours, for three days, for a long time 表示动作持续了多久 since + 时间点 since 2018, since last week, since yesterday 表示从某个具体时间开始 since + 从句（过去时） since I came here, since he was born 从句用一般过去时 How long…? How long have you lived here? 提问持续多长时间 三、延续性动词与非延续性动词（重中之重）⭐ 1. 什么是延续性动词？ 延续性动词表示动作或状态可以持续一段时间，有“起点”和“延续的过程”。这类动词可以和“for + 时间段”或“since”连用。 · 常见延续性动词：live, work, study, keep, have, know, stay, sleep, wait, teach, be（表示状态）, etc. · 示例： · I have lived here for 10 years.（live 可以持续） · She has kept the book for a week.（keep 可以持续） · They have known each other since 2010.（know 表示状态，可持续） 2. 什么是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）？ 非延续性动词（也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词）表示动作在极短的时间内完成，一发生就结束，不能持续。因此，在肯定句中，它们不能与“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”连用。 · 常见非延续性动词：borrow, buy, die, leave, join, begin, finish, arrive, come, go, marry, fall asleep, get up, etc. · 示例（错误用法）： · ❌ I have borrowed the book for two weeks.（borrow 是瞬间“借入”，不能借两周） · ❌ He has died for three years.（die 是瞬间“死去”，不能死三年） · ❌ She has joined the club since 2020.（join 是瞬间“加入”，不能从2020持续加入） 3. 如何正确使用？ 当句子中出现 “for + 时间段” 或 “since” 时，必须把非延续性动词换成对应的延续性动词或状态短语。常见的转换规则为： · 将“瞬间动作”变为“动作完成后的存在状态”。 · 将“动词原形”替换为“be + 形容词/介词短语”或另一个延续性动词。 常用非延续性动词 → 延续性动词/状态短语 转换表 非延续性动词 （瞬间） 延续性动词/状态短语 （可持续） 正确例句 borrow / lend keep I have kept the book for two weeks. buy / get / receive have I have had the car since 2018. die be dead His grandfather has been dead for three years. leave be away (from) He has been away from home for two days. join be in / be a member of She has been in the club since 2020. begin / start be on The film has been on for ten minutes. finish / end be over The meeting has been over for an hour. arrive / come / get to be here / be in / be at They have been here since yesterday. go (to) be (in/at) He has been in Beijing for a month. return / come back be back My father has been back for two days. go out be out He has been out for an hour. marry / get married be married They have been married for five years. fall asleep be asleep The baby has been asleep for two hours. wake up be awake I have been awake since 6 a.m. get up be up She has been up for half an hour. close / open be closed / be open The shop has been open since 8 a.m. catch a cold have a cold He has had a cold for a week. become be She has been a teacher since 2010. 4. 对比示例（错误 vs 正确） 错误（瞬间动词+时间段） 正确（改为延续性） ❌ I have bought the watch for 5 years. ✅ I have had the watch for 5 years. ❌ He has left home since last week. ✅ He has been away from home since last week. ❌ They have married for 10 years. ✅ They have been married for 10 years. ❌ The class has begun for 10 minutes. ✅ The class has been on for 10 minutes. 特别提醒：在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与时间段连用，因为否定表示一种“状态”持续。例如：I haven't seen him for two years.（“没见”是一种持续状态，此时 seen 虽为瞬间动词，但否定式可接时间段。）但考试中肯定句的转换是高频考点，务必掌握上表。 四、句型结构（与时间段连用） · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 延续性动词过去分词 + for/since… · 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + for/since… · 疑问句：How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词…？ 例句： · How long have you kept this book?（这本书你借了多久了？） · I have kept it for a week.（我借了一周了。） 五、since 与 for 的区别 since for 接什么 时间点（2000, last year, yesterday）或过去时从句 时间段（two days, three weeks, a long time） 举例 since 2018 / since I was born for three years / for a month 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. I ________ this book for two weeks. I must return it tomorrow. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. keep 答案：B 解析： “for two weeks”表示时间段，谓语需用延续性动词。“borrow”是非延续性动词，应换成“keep”。现在完成时结构为 have kept。 2. My uncle ________ in Beijing since 2010. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 答案：C 解析： “since 2010”是现在完成时的标志，“work”本身是延续性动词，可直接用 has worked。 3. They ________ friends for ten years. A. have been B. have made C. made D. make 答案：A 解析： “for ten years”表时间段，“make friends”是非延续动作，应换成“be friends”表状态。have been friends 正确。 4. How long ________ you ________ this bike? A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have 答案：C 解析： “How long”提问时间段，需延续性动词。“buy”非延续，换成“have”（拥有）。have had 正确。 5. She ________ here since last Monday. A. has come B. came C. has been D. comes 答案：C 解析： “since last Monday”用延续性状态“be here”。“come”非延续，不能连用。 6. The film ________ for five minutes. Hurry up! A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. is on 答案：B 解析： “for five minutes”需延续性动词，“begin”换成“be on”。has been on 正确。 7. Mr. Smith ________ this car for three years. A. has had B. has bought C. bought D. buys 答案：A 解析： “for three years”用延续性动词“have”（拥有），不用“buy”。has had 正确。 8. We ________ each other since we were in primary school. A. know B. knew C. have known D. had known 答案：C 解析： “since”从句，主句用现在完成时，“know”是延续性动词，have known 正确。 9. —How long have you ________ this dictionary? —About two weeks. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought D. lent 答案：B 解析： 回答表时间段，问句需延续性动词，“keep”表持有，borrow/buy/lend 均非延续。 10. His grandmother ________ for five years. He misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead 答案：C 解析： “for five years”不能用非延续动词“die”，应换成“be dead”。has been dead 正确。 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I ________ this pen since last year. It still writes well. A. have had B. have bought C. bought D. had 答案：A 解析： “since last year”用延续性动词“have”（拥有），“bought”非延续。have had 正确。 12. They ________ in the army for two years already. A. have joined B. joined C. have been D. have been in 答案：D 解析： “join the army”非延续，换成“be in the army”状态。have been in 正确。 13. My sister ________ the Party since 2018. A. has joined B. joined C. has been in D. was in 答案：C 解析： “join”非延续，换成“be in”。since 2018 用 has been in。 14. The old man ________ alone for many years, but he doesn't feel lonely. A. has lived B. lives C. lived D. is living 答案：A 解析： “for many years”用现在完成时，“live”是延续性动词，has lived 正确。 15. —How long has your father ________ from home? —For two days. A. left B. been away C. gone away D. went 答案：B 解析： “how long”和“for two days”需延续性状态，“leave”换成“be away”。has been away 正确。 16. The meeting ________ for half an hour. We are late. A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. is on 答案：B 解析： “for half an hour”需延续性动词，“begin”换成“be on”。has been on 正确。 17. I ________ English since I was six years old. A. have learned B. learned C. learn D. was learning 答案：A 解析： “since”从句，主句现在完成时，“learn”延续性，have learned 正确。 18. They ________ married for twenty years. A. have got B. have been C. got D. have been married 答案：B 解析：1.  for twenty years  表持续二十年，要用延续性表达；2. get married 是短暂动作，不能接时间段，排除A、C；3. 句后已有 married，D代入会重复，故选 have been。 句意：他们结婚二十年了。 19. —Have you ________ this novel for long? —No, I ________ it last week. A. had; bought B. bought; had C. kept; bought D. kept; have bought 答案：C 解析： 第一空“for long”需延续性动词，用 kept；第二空“last week”用一般过去时 bought。C 正确。 20. The boy ________ his hometown since he was 18. He works in Beijing now. A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. was away from 答案：C 解析： “since”用现在完成时，“leave”换成“be away from”。has been away from 正确。 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. —How long can I ________ this book? —For two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. have kept 答案：C 解析： “How long”表时间段，情态动词后接动词原形，borrow/lend 非延续，选 keep。 22. My uncle ________ the football club since 2016. He is a good player. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. is in 答案：B 解析： “since 2016”需现在完成时，“join”换成“be in”。has been in 正确。 23. The train ________ already. We have to wait for the next one. A. has left B. has been away C. left D. is leaving 答案：A 解析： 无时间段状语，只表“已经离开”的结果，用非延续动词 has left 没问题。 24. It ________ three years since we ________ to this school. A. is; came B. has been; came C. has been; have come D. was; come 答案：B 解析： “since”从句用一般过去时 came，主句常用现在完成时 has been，选 B。 25. —How long has your brother ________ the army? —Since 2019. A. joined B. been in C. been joined D. joined in 答案：B 解析： “How long”需延续性，“join”换成“be in”。been in 正确。 26. I ________ the book for a week, and I have to return it now. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. kept D. borrow 答案：B 解析： “for a week”用延续性动词 keep，have kept 正确。 27. The old tree ________ in our yard for over a hundred years. A. has been B. is C. was D. has planted 答案：A 解析： “for over a hundred years”需延续性，“plant”非延续，用 has been 表存在状态。 28. They ________ each other for ages. They are good friends. A. have known B. knew C. know D. have been known 答案：A 解析： “for ages”用延续性动词 know，have known 正确。 29. My mother ________ asleep for two hours. Don't wake her up. A. has fallen B. has been C. fell D. has been asleep 答案：B 解析：for two hours表持续时长，需延续性结构；fall asleep是短暂动词，排除A、C；句中已有asleep，D填入会重复，故选has been。 30. —________ have you stayed in this hotel? —For three days. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far 答案：C 解析： 回答“For three days”表时间段，问“多长时间”用 How long。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 现在完成时（二） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、核心用法： 1 二、常用时间状语 1 三、延续性动词与非延续性动词 2 1. 什么是延续性动词？ 2 2. 什么是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）？ 2 3. 如何正确使用？ 2 4. 对比示例 3 四、句型结构 4 五、since 与 for 的区别 4 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 5 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 6 一、核心用法：表示从过去某时开始持续到现在的动作或状态 现在完成时的第二种核心用法是：表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，还可能继续持续下去。这种用法常与 “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 时间点/过去时的从句” 连用。 · I have lived here for ten years.（我在这里住了十年了。——从十年前开始住，一直住到现在。） · She has studied English since 2015.（她从2015年起就一直学英语。——持续到现在。） · We have known each other since we were children.（我们从孩提时就认识彼此了。） 二、常用时间状语（标志词） 类型 举例 说明 for + 时间段 for two hours, for three days, for a long time 表示动作持续了多久 since + 时间点 since 2018, since last week, since yesterday 表示从某个具体时间开始 since + 从句（过去时） since I came here, since he was born 从句用一般过去时 How long…? How long have you lived here? 提问持续多长时间 三、延续性动词与非延续性动词（重中之重）⭐ 1. 什么是延续性动词？ 延续性动词表示动作或状态可以持续一段时间，有“起点”和“延续的过程”。这类动词可以和“for + 时间段”或“since”连用。 · 常见延续性动词：live, work, study, keep, have, know, stay, sleep, wait, teach, be（表示状态）, etc. · 示例： · I have lived here for 10 years.（live 可以持续） · She has kept the book for a week.（keep 可以持续） · They have known each other since 2010.（know 表示状态，可持续） 2. 什么是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）？ 非延续性动词（也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词）表示动作在极短的时间内完成，一发生就结束，不能持续。因此，在肯定句中，它们不能与“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”连用。 · 常见非延续性动词：borrow, buy, die, leave, join, begin, finish, arrive, come, go, marry, fall asleep, get up, etc. · 示例（错误用法）： · ❌ I have borrowed the book for two weeks.（borrow 是瞬间“借入”，不能借两周） · ❌ He has died for three years.（die 是瞬间“死去”，不能死三年） · ❌ She has joined the club since 2020.（join 是瞬间“加入”，不能从2020持续加入） 3. 如何正确使用？ 当句子中出现 “for + 时间段” 或 “since” 时，必须把非延续性动词换成对应的延续性动词或状态短语。常见的转换规则为： · 将“瞬间动作”变为“动作完成后的存在状态”。 · 将“动词原形”替换为“be + 形容词/介词短语”或另一个延续性动词。 常用非延续性动词 → 延续性动词/状态短语 转换表 非延续性动词 （瞬间） 延续性动词/状态短语 （可持续） 正确例句 borrow / lend keep I have kept the book for two weeks. buy / get / receive have I have had the car since 2018. die be dead His grandfather has been dead for three years. leave be away (from) He has been away from home for two days. join be in / be a member of She has been in the club since 2020. begin / start be on The film has been on for ten minutes. finish / end be over The meeting has been over for an hour. arrive / come / get to be here / be in / be at They have been here since yesterday. go (to) be (in/at) He has been in Beijing for a month. return / come back be back My father has been back for two days. go out be out He has been out for an hour. marry / get married be married They have been married for five years. fall asleep be asleep The baby has been asleep for two hours. wake up be awake I have been awake since 6 a.m. get up be up She has been up for half an hour. close / open be closed / be open The shop has been open since 8 a.m. catch a cold have a cold He has had a cold for a week. become be She has been a teacher since 2010. 4. 对比示例（错误 vs 正确） 错误（瞬间动词+时间段） 正确（改为延续性） ❌ I have bought the watch for 5 years. ✅ I have had the watch for 5 years. ❌ He has left home since last week. ✅ He has been away from home since last week. ❌ They have married for 10 years. ✅ They have been married for 10 years. ❌ The class has begun for 10 minutes. ✅ The class has been on for 10 minutes. 特别提醒：在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与时间段连用，因为否定表示一种“状态”持续。例如：I haven't seen him for two years.（“没见”是一种持续状态，此时 seen 虽为瞬间动词，但否定式可接时间段。）但考试中肯定句的转换是高频考点，务必掌握上表。 四、句型结构（与时间段连用） · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 延续性动词过去分词 + for/since… · 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + for/since… · 疑问句：How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词…？ 例句： · How long have you kept this book?（这本书你借了多久了？） · I have kept it for a week.（我借了一周了。） 五、since 与 for 的区别 since for 接什么 时间点（2000, last year, yesterday）或过去时从句 时间段（two days, three weeks, a long time） 举例 since 2018 / since I was born for three years / for a month 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. I ________ this book for two weeks. I must return it tomorrow. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. keep 2. My uncle ________ in Beijing since 2010. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 3. They ________ friends for ten years. A. have been B. have made C. made D. make 4. How long ________ you ________ this bike? A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have 5. She ________ here since last Monday. A. has come B. came C. has been D. comes 6. The film ________ for five minutes. Hurry up! A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. is on 7. Mr. Smith ________ this car for three years. A. has had B. has bought C. bought D. buys 8. We ________ each other since we were in primary school. A. know B. knew C. have known D. had known 9. —How long have you ________ this dictionary? —About two weeks. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought D. lent 10. His grandmother ________ for five years. He misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I ________ this pen since last year. It still writes well. A. have had B. have bought C. bought D. had 12. They ________ in the army for two years already. A. have joined B. joined C. have been D. have been in 13. My sister ________ the Party since 2018. A. has joined B. joined C. has been in D. was in 14. The old man ________ alone for many years, but he doesn't feel lonely. A. has lived B. lives C. lived D. is living 15. —How long has your father ________ from home? —For two days. A. left B. been away C. gone away D. went 16. The meeting ________ for half an hour. We are late. A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. is on 17. I ________ English since I was six years old. A. have learned B. learned C. learn D. was learning 18. They ________ married for twenty years. A. have got B. have been C. got D. have been married 19. —Have you ________ this novel for long? —No, I ________ it last week. A. had; bought B. bought; had C. kept; bought D. kept; have bought 20. The boy ________ his hometown since he was 18. He works in Beijing now. A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. was away from 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. —How long can I ________ this book? —For two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. have kept 22. My uncle ________ the football club since 2016. He is a good player. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. is in 23. The train ________ already. We have to wait for the next one. A. has left B. has been away C. left D. is leaving 24. It ________ three years since we ________ to this school. A. is; came B. has been; came C. has been; have come D. was; come 25. —How long has your brother ________ the army? —Since 2019. A. joined B. been in C. been joined D. joined in 26. I ________ the book for a week, and I have to return it now. A. have borrowed B. have kept C. kept D. borrow 27. The old tree ________ in our yard for over a hundred years. A. has been B. is C. was D. has planted 28. They ________ each other for ages. They are good friends. A. have known B. knew C. know D. have been known 29. My mother ________ asleep for two hours. Don't wake her up. A. has fallen B. has been C. fell D. has been asleep 30. —________ have you stayed in this hotel? —For three days. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $