Unit3语法(不定式与动名词作宾语)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦动词不定式（to do）与动名词（doing）作宾语语法点，涵盖基础概念、三类动词分类（只接to do、只接doing、两者皆可但含义不同）、介词后doing用法及特殊考点（it形式宾语、不带to不定式），通过对比辨析、速记口诀等学习支架衔接前后知识。 资料亮点在于分类清晰的动词清单、易混短语对比表及多样化练习（填空、选择、改写、汉译英），助力学生精准掌握语法规则，提升语言运用能力，培养辨析思维品质，通过口诀记忆与分层练习强化学习策略，符合学习能力培养要求。

Unit3 Make it happen语法讲解与练习 语法：动词不定式（to do）与动名词（doing）作宾语精讲 一、基础概念 1.动名词 doing：动词 + ing，本质相当于名词，放在动词后面充当宾语。 2.动词不定式 to do：to + 动词原形，可充当宾语。 核心考点分为三类： ① 只接 to do 作宾语的动词 ② 只接 doing 作宾语的动词 ③ 既可接 to do，又可接 doing，但含义不同 的动词 二、分类讲解 （一）只能接 to do（不定式）作宾语的动词 结构：主语 + 动词 + to do sth. 常用动词（背诵清单） want, hope, wish, plan, decide, agree, choose, offer, refuse, promise, learn, prepare, try（努力）, manage, fail 例句 1.I want to visit my grandma. 我想去看望奶奶。 2.He decided to join the English club. 他决定加入英语俱乐部。 3.She refused to help me. 她拒绝帮助我。 4.They hope to make their dream happen. 他们希望实现梦想。 拓展：否定形式：动词 + not to do He chose not to give up. 他选择不放弃。 （二）只能接 doing（动名词）作宾语的动词 结构：主语 + 动词 + doing sth. 高频动词(必背)enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, keep, imagine, consider, miss 例句 1.I enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐。 2.Have you finished writing your report? 你写完报告了吗？ 3.He practices speaking English every morning. 他每天早上练习说英语。 4.Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ ⚠️ 易错提醒：suggest 不能接 to do ❌ He suggested to go. ✅ He suggested going. （三）重点难点：既能接 to do，又能接 doing，含义不一样【中考核心】 1. stop stop to do sth. 停下来（手头事）去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 Stop to rest. 停下来休息一下。 Stop talking. 不要说话了。 2. remember remember to do 记得要去做某事（还没做） remember doing 记得做过某事（已经做完） Remember to lock the door. 记得要锁门。 I remember locking the door. 我记得锁过门了。 3. forget forget to do 忘记要去做（没做） forget doing 忘记做过（做完不记得） Don’t forget to take your bag. 别忘了带上包。 I forgot meeting you before. 我忘记以前见过你。 4. try try to do 尽力、努力去做 try doing 尝试做（试一试方法） Try to finish on time. 尽力按时完成。 Try using another way. 试试换一种方法。 5. regret regret to do 遗憾要去做（常接 say/tell/inform） regret doing 后悔做了某事 I regret to tell you the bad news. 我很遗憾要告诉你坏消息。 He regrets quitting the job. 他后悔辞掉工作。 6. go on go on to do 做完一件事，继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 After reading, he went on to write. 读完书，他接着去写字。 Go on reading. 继续读（接着读同一篇）。 三、易混补充：介词后面一律 + doing（重点精讲） 核心规则 介词（prep.）后面如果需要跟上动作，这个动词必须变为动名词 doing 形式。 不定式符号 to（to do）≠ 介词 to 很多短语中出现的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后面绝对不能加动词原形，必须接 doing。 中考高频带介词 to 的短语（必考清单） 1.look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 ✅ I am looking forward to visiting the museum. 我期待参观这座博物馆。 ❌ I am looking forward to visit the museum. 2.be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 ✅ She is used to getting up early. 她习惯早起。 ⚠️ 区分：used to do sth. 过去常常做（此处 to 是不定式符号） She used to get up early. 她以前常常早起。 3.prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 A，更喜欢做 B ✅ He prefers reading to watching TV. 比起看电视，他更喜欢看书。 ❌ He prefers reading to watch TV. 4.pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 ✅ Please pay attention to taking notes in class. 上课请注意记笔记。 5.devote … to doing sth. 致力于 / 奉献…… 做某事 ✅ He devotes most of his time to studying physics. 他把大部分时间投入到物理学习中。 6.stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 ✅ Stick to practising, and you will make progress. 坚持练习，你就会取得进步。 7.object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ✅ My parents object to staying out late. 我的父母反对在外待到很晚。 拓展：其他常见介词 + doing（不止 to） 除短语里的介词 to，普通介词（in/on/at/of/without/by/about 等）后面同样接 doing without + doing 没有做… He went out without saying goodbye. 他没道别就出门了。 1.by + doing 通过做……（方式） You can improve English by speaking more. 你可以通过多说英语提升水平。 2.be good at doing 擅长做…… My sister is good at drawing. 我妹妹擅长画画。 3.think about doing 考虑做某事 I am thinking about changing my plan. 我正在考虑更改我的计划。 4.be interested in doing 对做某事感兴趣 Tom is interested in playing basketball. 汤姆对打篮球感兴趣。 5.instead of doing 代替做某事 I will walk instead of taking the bus. 我走路去，不坐公交车。 超级易混对比（考试最高频陷阱） 短语 to 属性 正确形式 中文含义 used to do 不定式符号 to + 动词原形 过去常常…… be used to doing 介词 to + doing 习惯于…… be used to do 不定式符号 to + 动词原形 被用来做…… 例句辨析： 1.I used to live here.（过去住在这） 2.I am used to living here.（我习惯住在这里） 3.Wood is used to make paper.（木头被用来造纸） 四、it 作形式宾语 结构：主语 + find/think/believe + it + adj. + to do sth. it 代替后面真正宾语 to do，避免句子头重脚轻 1.I find it easy to learn English. 我发现学英语很简单。 2.She thinks it possible to make her dream come true. ❗注意：不能用 it 代替 doing 作形式宾语 五、动词不定式特殊考点：不带 to 的不定式 使役动词 & 感官动词： make /let/have sb. do see / watch / hear / notice sb. do（看见 / 听见某人做全过程） 被动语态必须还原 to：sb. be made to do He made me cry. I was made to cry. 区分：see sb. doing 看见某人正在做 I saw him crossing the street.（正在过马路） I saw him cross the street.（看见了全过程） 六、速记口诀 只 to do：想要计划决定同意，拒绝承诺努力学习want hope plan decide agree refuse promise try learn 只 doing：享受完成练习介意，建议避免持续想象 enjoy finish practice mind suggest avoid keep imagine to do /doing 含义不同： 记忘停止尝试后悔继续，时态语义分清对错 【巩固练习】 第一大题：用所给动词适当形式填空 1.He decided ________ (give) up playing computer games. 2.Would you mind ________ (turn) down the radio? 3.Remember ________ (hand) in your homework before class. You haven’t done it yet. 4.I remember ________ (meet) her at a party last summer. 5.She is looking forward to ________ (visit) her pen pal. 6.Stop ________ (talk)! The teacher is coming. 7.He stopped ________ (have) a rest after working for three hours. 8.Don’t forget ________ (lock) the door when you leave. 9.I forgot ________ (see) this film before, so I watched it again. 10.My brother practices ________ (play) the piano every day. 11.They hope ________ (realize) their dreams one day. 12.Try ________ (use) another way if this method doesn’t work. 13.Try ________ (finish) the task before dark as hard as you can. 14.She is used to ________ (get) up at six in the morning. 15.He used to ________ (spend) lots of time on online games. 16.I enjoy ________ (read) novels in my free time. 17.Please pay attention to ________ (write) down the key points. 18.He regretted ________ (quarrel) with his best friend. 19.I regret ________ (tell) you that you failed the exam. 20.Tom prefers walking to ________ (ride) his bike. 21.Have you finished ________ (prepare) for the coming competition? 22.The little boy avoided ________ (answer) the difficult question. 23.We plan ________ (take) part in the volunteer activity this weekend. 24.He went out without ________ (say) any words. 25.I find it important ________ (develop) a good learning habit. 第二大题：单项选择 1.My teacher advised me ________ more English articles every day. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 2.—Do you remember ________ him somewhere? —Yes! I remember ________ him at the airport last month. A. meeting; meet B. to meet; meet C. meet; meeting D. meeting; meeting 3.We are looking forward ________ the summer holiday. A. to B. to have C. to having D. having 4.Stop ________. Let’s stop ________ a break. A. working; to take B. to work; taking C. working; taking D. to work; to take 5.She is used ________ cold water in winter, but she used ________ hot water before. A. to drink; to drink B. to drinking; to drink C. to drink; drinking D. to drinking; drinking 6.Would you mind ________ the window? It’s too hot inside. A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 7.He tried ________ the box, but he failed because it was too heavy. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carried 8.You can improve your spoken English by ________ every day. A. practice speaking B. practicing speak C. practice to speak D. practicing speaking 9.I find it necessary ________ notes while listening to the teacher. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 10.Tom prefers ________ at home rather than ________ out on rainy days. A. stay; go B. to stay; go C. staying; going D. to stay; going 11.Don’t forget ________ your umbrella. It is going to rain. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 12.He regretted ________ the chance. He said he would try harder next time. A. miss B. to miss C. missing D. missed 13.My father devotes most of his free time ________ garden work. A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing 14.—What about ________ hiking this Saturday? —Good idea. I want ________ close to nature. A. go; to be B. going; to be C. go; being D. going; being 15.He kept ________ the same mistake though I told him ________ it again. A. make; not do B. making; not to do C. to make; not to do D. making; not do 第三大题：句子改写（同义转换） 1.He wants to achieve his dream.（改为同义句） He hopes ________ ________ his dream. 2.I enjoy listening to light music.（用 it 改写为形式宾语结构） I find ________ pleasant ________ ________ to light music. 3.She remembered that she turned off the light.（改为简单句） She remembered ________ ________ the light. 4.Don’t stop. Please continue doing your homework.（同义替换） Don’t stop. Go on ________ your homework. 5.He stopped so that he could smoke.（同义句） He stopped ________ ________ a cigarette. 6.It’s difficult for me to learn French well.（用 find 改写） I find ________ difficult ________ ________ French well. 7.She prefers walking to taking the bus.（同义句，prefer to do…rather than…） She prefers ________ ________ rather than ________ the bus. 8.He began to practice running after breakfast.（同义句） He started ________ after breakfast. 9.I planned to visit the museum, but I gave up finally.（改为否定不定式） I chose ________ ________ the museum at last. 10.Without working hard, you can’t make your dream come true.（改写） You can realize your dream ________ ________ ________hard. 第四大题：汉译英 1.我期待尽快收到你的来信。 ___________________________________________ 2.记得离开教室前关掉所有电灯。 ___________________________________________ 3.我记得以前在这座公园见过他。 ___________________________________________ 4.别说话了，停下来喝点水吧。 ___________________________________________ 5.他习惯每天花半小时练习英语口语。 ___________________________________________ 6.比起打游戏，她更喜欢阅读书籍。 ___________________________________________ 7.我发现每天坚持阅读非常重要。 ___________________________________________ 8.他后悔没有采纳老师给出的建议。 ___________________________________________ 9.你介意帮我搬一下这个箱子吗？ ___________________________________________ 10.你可以通过多写作来提高你的英语水平。 ___________________________________________ Keys 一、动词适当形式填空 1.to give 2. turning 3. to hand 4. meeting 5. visiting 6.talking 7. to have 8. to lock 9. seeing 10. playing 11.to realize 12. using 13. to finish 14. getting 15. spend 16.reading 17. writing 18. quarrelling 19. to tell 20. riding 21.preparing 22. answering 23. to take 24. saying 25. to develop 二、单项选择 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.B 三、句子改写 1.to achieve 2.it; to listen 3.turning off 4.doing 5.to smoke 6.it; to learn 7.to walk; take 8.practicing running 9.not to visit 10.only by working 四、汉译英参考译文 1.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 2.Remember to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom. 3.I remember meeting him in this park before. 4.Stop talking and stop to drink some water. 5.He is used to spending half an hour practicing oral English every day. 6.She prefers reading books to playing games. 7.I find it very important to keep reading every day. 8.He regretted not taking the teacher’s advice. 9.Would you mind helping me carry this box? 10.You can improve your English by writing more. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $