语法专题练习-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以语法专题为核心，通过单句填空与语篇填空结合，系统覆盖高中英语14类语法点，注重语境化应用与逻辑推导，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |名词代词|11单句+2语篇|词性转换五步法（动→名/形→名）|从基础词形变化到语篇指代连贯| |时态语态|13单句+2语篇|时态判定三要素（时间标志/语境/动词关系）|按"主动→被动→主谓一致"递进| |从句|13单句+2语篇|从句三定法（定类型/找先行词/判成分）|名词性从句→定语从句→状语从句逻辑链| |非谓语|11单句+2语篇|非谓语四看原则（主被动/时间关系/功能）|doing/done/to do用法对比与场景匹配|

语法专题 语法专题1 名词和代词 一、单句填空 1.The latest ______ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 2.These plants included modern Western ______ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 3. The Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ______ (rich) of gardening in England. 4. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ______ (visible), said Edmondson. 5. Since June 2017, right before the ______ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 6.Although they could never have met, there are common ______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 7. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population) and homes of giant pandas. 8.This area, with ______ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 9. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______ (human) are. 10. A company ______ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 11. As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitors' memory. It sure does in ______ (I). 二、语法填空 Passage 1 Chinese calligraphy art, also known as traditional Chinese calligraphy, includes a wide range of techniques and styles. The use of Chinese brushwork, which 1. ______ (feature) by fluent and expressive strokes(笔画), creates a harmonious balance 2. ______ precision and artistic freedom. Chinese calligraphy art offers 3. ______ look into the rich cultural heritage (遗产) and artistic traditions of China. It provides a platform for exploration and experimentation, 4. ______ (enable) calligraphers to push the boundaries of their skills and create innovative works. The complexity and vast number of Chinese characters present endless 5. ______ (opportunity) for artistic expressions, with each stroke and character showing a different emotion and meaning. "Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing; it is about artistic creation. Through calligraphy, I can express 6. ______ (I), my emotions, and my thoughts. It is a deeply personal and meditative(沉思的) process that allows me to connect with my inner self and communicate with the world," said Li Mei, a Chinese calligrapher. The permanent beauty of Chinese calligraphy art lies in its ability 7. ______ (communicate) both visual and emotional depth. With a rich history lasting thousands of years, this art form 8. ______ (continue) to inspire and appeal to art enthusiasts around the world. Its 9. ______ (elegant) and excellence surpass time and cultural boundaries, making it a valued form of artistic expression 10. ______ impresses people from all walks of life. Passage 2 Welcome to springtime in Hangzhou, a medium-sized city of eight million people in Zhejiang Province, and home 1. ______ the Lamborghini of China's green tea market; Longjing, known in English as Dragon Well. I'm here to watch the spring rush in action: over a few short weeks in March and April, planters will race against the sunrise 2. ______ (pick) the early spring harvest, earning them 3. ______ sizable amount of their annual income. High-end Dragon Well, 4. ______ (taste) like spring's first green vegetables accented by chestnuts 5. ______ (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce. Like coffee and wine, this tea has its obsessives, the kind of people 6. ______ dig into details like the day when a tea was plucked and which side of a hill it came from. So it goes in China, where tea is 7. ______ (day) necessity. But when outsiders try to learn 8. ______ all the fuss is about, they're usually confused by the 9. ______ (complex) of fine tea, and a marketplace filled with misinformation doesn't do much to help. That's why I've made the journey to Hangzhou myself to learn how and why this little leaf from a plain-looking bush 10. ______ (drive) a whole economy wild. 语法专题2 冠词、数词、介词和介词短语 一、单句填空 1. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through ______ journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ______ first time. 2. The Glasshouse stands ______ a great achievement in contemporary design. 3. ______ attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. 4. The meat should be fresh with ______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. 5. Covering an area about three times ______ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 6. While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ______ must to visit! 7. Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 8.He flew 4,700 kilometres ______ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20. 9. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 10. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet. 11.There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ______ hand rather than rolled. 12.I've always loved the ocean. In the ______ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 In the primitive old forest area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi, there is a great amount of tough and long rattan (藤), whose outer skin is smooth in the hand and excellent in its 1. ______ (flexible). It is a good natural weaving material used by the local people, through their hardworking hands and wisdom, 2. ______ (make) a wide range of beautiful rattan products. Rattan weaving has the characteristics of natural materials, various techniques and visual comfort, 3. ______ greatly meets the needs of modern people for 4. ______ new lifestyle. In recent years, more and more rattan furniture and rattan crafts 5. ______ (enter) people's daily life, 6. ______ (add) a lively touch to life and bringing people a relaxed visual experience. The formation of the regional characteristics of traditional Shaanxi rattan weaving is not an 7. ______ (accident) artistic phenomenon, 8. ______ an artistic expression after thousands of years of continuity, development and change, with deep-rooted national customs, culture, economy and even aesthetics(美学). It is an important cultural heritage of China. 9. ______ a traditional craft rich in culture and art, Hanzhong rattan weaving represents the collective wisdom of the working people, 10. ______ (mirror) the essence(本质) of simple northwest customs and folk traditions and holds high value for folk custom research. Passage 2 Local craftspeople(手艺人) have passed down the traditional wood carving art through innovation and developed a path for the intangible cultural heritage, 1. ______ (pour) fresh life into the traditional craft. Dongyang wood carving is known for its unique craftsmanship and masterly art. Dongyang is home 2. ______ 11 national-level masters of arts and crafts and 60 provincial-level ones. Lu Guangzheng, in his late 70s, is a national-level inheritor(传承人) of Dongyang wood carving. Lu 3. ______ (admit) to the wood carving technical school in Dongyang when he was 13 years old. Today, he still 4. ______ (active) participates in the creation of wood carving works. "Wood carving is an art form, 5. ______ requires comprehensive knowledge, covering fields such as architecture, fine arts, and music. So, I always advise my apprentices(徒弟) to not only master the fundamental skills of wood carving, but also learn about various 6. ______ (discipline)," Lu said. The artist added that the further development of the wood carving industry relies on not only 7. ______ (experience) craftspeople, but, more importantly, the younger generation. Dongyang wood carving is inseparable from rosewood. In 8. ______ 1980s, rosewood furniture gained in popularity. Thanks to the rise of Dongyang wood carving and increasing levels of 9. ______ (consume), many wood carving artisans who worked outside Dongyang returned to their hometown 10. ______ (explore) potential business opportunities. 语法专题 3 形容词和副词 一、单句填空 1. In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants. 2. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ______ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 3. Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. 4. Shanghai may be the ______ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 5. Yellowstone was the ______ (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 6. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ______ (space) homes and walled gardens. 7. ______ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 8. The ______ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 9. So, what are they learning? ______ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. 10. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______ (opening). 11. —Are you feeling any ______ (good)? —Yes, I'm fine now. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 On June 2, I visited China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou with fellow students from Shanghai International Studies University. The experience left us thinking about how we, as students of language, could contribute to the spreading of such beautiful Chinese 1. ______ (tradition) culture to the world. After more than 20 years of development, the museum has become the 2. ______ (large) of its kind in the world, with multiple purposes, including collection, research, cultural preservation and exhibition. Soon it will include 3. ______ new exhibition house with the theme of the Silk Road 4. ______ (promote) the Belt and Road Initiative. During the guided tour, we could not help but 5. ______ (amaze) by the splendid garments, and the superb craftsmanship that found expression in them. Every thread and piece tells the stories of the work and life of the Chinese people. China 6. ______ (be) the origin of silk, which in turn has become a symbol of her spirit and long-celebrated 7. ______ (civilize). It was silk, a single thread that seemed so tender and fragile, 8. ______ bound the Chinese people together through thousands of years, and linked, thousands of years ago, the yet mysterious China 9. ______ the world. In its own way, with its unique beauty, it has inspired some of the most colourful chapters in human history, 10. ______ will continue that role on the world stage, but this time with more strength and greater charm. Passage 2 The lantern fair in Zigong, Southwest China's Sichuan Province, has 1. ______ history of more than 1,000 years. 2. ______ (mark) the Year of the Dragon, many of the lanterns feature the Chinese sign of the zodiac(生肖) 3. ______ the show, but there are also a wide variety of other lantern designs to meet different needs. Visitors 4. ______ prefer traditional lanterns can find lanterns with flowers and birds, and legendary figures, while lanterns with modern 5. ______ (pattern) such as cultural trends and online games are gaining popularity among young people. In addition to the elegant craftsmanship, modern technologies such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence have also been used to make the lanterns 6. ______ (nice) and more vivid. The lantern show is also accepting the concept of 7. ______ (environment) protection. A set of lanterns recreating the famous Chinese statue "Bronze Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow" from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25—220 CE) was created by 8. ______ (use) 21 different kinds of waste materials, including tires and plastics to form 9. ______ (they) outside decorations. This year's show will run until July 30. The sets of lanterns 10. ______ (update) to keep up with other traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Qingming Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. Visitors can also enjoy folk arts and Chinese music performances during their lantern-viewing tours. 语法专题 4 动词时态、语态和主谓一致（一） 一、单句填空 1. They ______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 2. Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 3. As a little girl, I ______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 4. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected...After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 5.The GPNP ______ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". 6.Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 7.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 8.What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ______ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 9. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 10."This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed." 11.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ______ (carry) special significance. 12. The artist was sure he would ______ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 13.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (point) down the river. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 The Duan inkstone, 1. ______ (originate) in the Tang Dynasty, is one of the four most famous inkstones in China. This writing tool is named 2. ______ its birthplace, Duan Creek in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. For centuries, it has been the 3. ______ (centre) region for Duan inkstone production and even today, most of the villagers still earn their living by making inkstones. The stones 4. ______ (employ) for Duan inkstone are characterized by its fine texture, smooth surface, and rich coloration(天然色彩). The natural coloration gives each piece a distinctive 5. ______ (appear) that enhances its beauty and value. The procedure to make a Duan inkstone includes four steps: stone picking, selection, carving and box matching, among 6. ______ stone picking and carving are the two most important steps. It is very hard to hand-pick the stones with no flaw, and other alternative tools such as dynamite(炸药) 7. ______ (forbid). Carving stresses good concept, fine shape of the stones 8. ______ exceptional skills. In addition to natural designs, there are also flowers and birds, figures, mountains and waters carved on the stones. Throughout history, Duan inkstone has been 9. ______ (particular) favoured by scholars, poets, and artists, who kept it as a symbol of their status and appreciation for the arts. Today, it continues to hold 10. ______ unique place in the hearts of calligraphers and collectors. Passage 2 With over 1.5 million fans on Chinese social media platforms, Rachel labels herself as a German-American vlogger(视频博主) who speaks Chinese. 1. ______ many may not know is that she spent her childhood in Guangdong and 2. ______ (call) China her home since the age of six. Rachel's journey as a 3. ______ (create) of digital content began during her time at Xiamen University, when she started sharing videos about her everyday life and hot topics in China. 4. ______ (film) in fluent Mandarin, occasionally with a Cantonese accent, her videos quickly captured the interest of many viewers. Rachel's exceptional command of the Chinese language has opened doors 5. ______ exciting job opportunities. In 2022, she became the first regular female guest on a cultural interview programme in China 6. ______ features foreigners as the main guests. Her popularity 7. ______ (boost) further in 2023, thanks to My Guangdong Story, 8. ______ six-episode documentary series that explored the lives of foreigners in Guangdong. "I am actually a Cantonese, and Guangdong is my home," Rachel shares 9. ______ (warm). With her passion, language skills, and genuine love for China, Rachel continues to inspire her vast online community, 10. ______ (bridge) cultures and building connections across borders. 语法专题5 动词时态、语态和主谓一致（二） 一、单句填空 1. On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ______ (name) the world's oldest living man. 2. My heart went out to him, and I ______ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, "Thanks!" 3. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ______ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day. 4. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ______ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 5. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ______ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 6. I used to be afraid of insects, but last Friday's biology class ______ (make) a big change in me. 7. In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects ______ (become) more meaningful to me. 8.For these reasons, they are praised as "coastal guardians". Up to now, China ______ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 9. But Cobb and others ______ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely. 10. More than a dozen students in that school ______ (send) abroad to study medicine last year. 11. My sweater is a great bargain. Above all, it ______ (wash) well. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 The market for wearable technology in the past few years has been on a rapid rise. We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. 1. ______ is it a good thing that we're relying on technology more often than not, recording every step we take? Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits? The real questions surround not the 2. ______ (wear), but the wearer. The challenge for athletes 3. ______ (look) to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is more helpful. If you are hoping to run faster and want to try moderating your pace based on heart rate "zones", a wearable can help you do so. However, for professionals and those who are new 4. ______ working out, less is more. Earlier this month, Sam Hull, a professional marathon rower competing in the US Olympic marathon trials, actually 5. ______ (throw) away her GPS watch midrace 6. ______ (avoid) distraction. Similarly, for beginner runners, it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals—tiredness, 7. ______ (ache), bursts of energy—8. ______ to track your pace or heart rate. Depending on what these goals are, there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost 9. ______ (effect), more fun, more convenient. Dr Ethan Weiss, a physician at the University of California, tells his patients that a different item 10. ______ (attach) at your wrist, like a leash(狗绳), is more likely to pull you toward more activity. Passage 2 Zheng Chao, who grew up in Jiaoyao village, a high-altitude mountainous area with poor land, was raised by tea. His family, which has been growing tea 1. ______ three generations, used to have trouble putting food on the table, 2. ______ now he earns 70,000 yuan a year just from selling tea. In 2019, Kuang and seven other young people in the village set up a tea cooperative. With the support of the economic cooperative in their village, they 3. ______ (successful) integrated the resources of the tea industry, and carried out the model of unified (统一的) planting, fertilization, processing and sales, attempting 4. ______ (achieve) high quality and a good flavour. An old house in the village 5. ______ (transform) into a tea processing and exhibition workshop, while the house facing the green 6. ______ (mountain) and the tea garden became a separate tea tasting room. Last year, the cooperative assigned 40 percent of its 7. ______ (expect) earnings to the shareholders in the village. 8. ______ Mao Huayan, Kuang's wife, received her bonus of 1,097 yuan, she felt like a child 9. ______ (get) "lucky money" during Spring Festival. More important was the 10. ______ (industry) development that helped them to accumulate wealth. 语法专题6 非谓语动词 一、单句填空 1. These sepals open on warm days ______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2. ______ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed." 3. Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 4. Just then, some kids ran at him, ______ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 5.Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ______ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 6. When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity ______ (make) right choices. 7.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ______ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 8. To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 9. In the Ming Dynasty, the centre was the Forbidden City, ______ (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 10. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, not ______ (make) them more terrible. 11. Tigers ______ (belong) to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1. ______ others' doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2. ______ (determine) and hard work. The story became a reality in Lin County, Henan Province in the 1960s. A 1,500-kilometre-long waterway along the cliffs(悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 3. ______ (build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhang River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area. Initially, finding drinking water was 4. ______ headache for residents; People had to fetch water from five kilometres away every day. 5. ______ (ease) this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6. ______ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement. People tied ropes around their waists and 7. ______ (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they levelled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels(隧道), 8. ______ (remove) 22.25 million cubic metres of earth and rocks. Their efforts gained multiple 9. ______ (benefit). It was the canal that 10. ______ (dramatic) changed the life of the local people, irrigating(灌溉) 36,000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567,000 people. Their deeds have been hailed(称颂) as the "spirit of the Red Flag Canal". Passage 2 The guqin, China's oldest stringed instrument, has existed for over 3,000 years. The earliest piece, 1. ______ (unearth) in Hubei Province in 2016, dates back to the Zhou Dynasty. The body of a guqin is made of wood and seven strings of silk, but unlike its seemingly simple appearance, it takes over a hundred working procedures 2. ______ (make) the instrument, including material selection, painting and tuning. It is 3. ______ extremely demanding job. The guqin, along with the game of Go, calligraphy and painting, 4. ______ (expect) to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in ancient China. The most distinguished guqin 5. ______ (music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn & Warring States Periods. As he played the guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard it and understood exactly 6. ______ was expressed in the music. This deep understanding formed a strong bond 7. ______ them, and they became close friends. This is the famous tale behind the guqin masterpiece, High Mountains, Flowing Water, 8. ______ has been passed down through generations and is considered one of the greatest compositions in Chinese guqin music. Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty 9. ______ (survive) masters. The original several thousand compositions have 10. ______ (significant) declined to a mere hundred works that are regularly performed today. 语法专题 7 动词和非谓语动词（一） 一、单句填空 1.Two years later, a six-metre-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire) by *The Peony Pavilion*, ______ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 2. "There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings," her fable begins, ______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 3. She called for action ______ (address) the struggles of people around the world ______ (face) "too little water or too dirty water". Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called "Run Blue". 4.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot. 5. ______ (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 6. ______ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ______ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 7.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ______ (record) everything I discovered. 8. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 9. Mike didn't notice Alice entering his room. He ______ (answer) a phone call. 10. We ______ (work) on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusion. 11. —May I speak to your manager Mr Williams at five o'clock this afternoon? —I'm sorry. Mr Williams ______ (go) to a conference long before then. 12. To tell you the truth, I'd rather read than watch television; the programmes seem ______ (get) worse all the time. 13. —Kate shouldn't have done that sort of thing. —Whatever she did was reasonable, compared to what you had done. Besides, it's none of your business. Get down to ______ (do) your work. 14. Nancy let me repeat her instruction to make sure that I understood what was ______ (do) after she was away on business. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 Paper-making is widely known as one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient Chinese 1. ______ (civil) along with printing, gunpowder, and compass. Among 2. ______ (vary) types of paper, Xuan paper, also known as rice paper, is not only a necessary part of Chinese culture but also a witness 3. ______ Chinese history for thousands of years. Since its origin, Xuan paper 4. ______ (link) closely with calligraphy and painting. As 5. ______ essential carrier of Chinese culture, it has the title "King of All Paper". Li Keran (1907—1989), one of the most well-known contemporary Chinese painters, once toured Xuancheng City, 6. ______ Xuan paper is named after, and said, "We leave nothing without you.", seeing craftsmen slaving away at producing the paper. According to the National Library of China (NLC), there are 7. ______ (near) 30 million ancient paper books 8. ______ (store) in the library, and most of them are made by Xuan paper. So why did Xuan paper become such a hit with literati(文人) and artists? 9. ______ (feature) a smooth surface, pure texture and high tensile(张力的) strength, it can be preserved for a long time. The texture and quality of it will not change for more than a millennium(一千年), 10. ______ if kept well, Xuan paper's longevity can reach more than 2,000 years while the ink on it remains fresh and bright. The paper, therefore, is entitled "Paper of the Ages". Passage 2 Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) originated in ancient China. It 1. ______ (include) acupuncture(针灸), Chinese herbal medicine, tai chi, qigong, tuina, guasha, cupping and so on. Acupuncture was one of the first TCM 2. ______ (method) that were accepted by the healthcare system in the USA. It was first introduced to the USA in 1971 by a New York Times reporter, James Reston, in an article 3. ______ (title) Now, about My Operation in Peking. In 1997, acupuncture was 4. ______ (official) accepted by the National Institutes of Health of the US, and in a statement in 2002, the World Health Organization recognized acupuncture as an 5. ______ (effect) treatment for more than 43 common ailments(小病). TCM focuses 6. ______ not only the disease treatment, but also the disease prevention and 7. ______ (improve) of overall health. Today, TCM is primarily used as an alternative for people 8. ______ (maintain) a healthy state in the US. It is widely practised in more than 180 countries and regions around the globe; among them, 103 countries have approved 9. ______ use of acupuncture, 29 have established some forms of laws and regulations for TCM, 18 have included acupuncture into their national health insurance systems, 10. ______ more than 30 have colleges and universities that teach students in TCM. 语法专题 8 动词和非谓语动词（二） 一、单句填空 1. Also, there is a convenient app that ______ (provide) growing data in real time. 2. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and ______ (avoid) single-use plastic. 3. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten ______ (mean) zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. 4. Eric ______ (wake) up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them. 5. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra ______ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 6. —Why don't we choose that road to save time? —The bridge to it ______ (repair). 7. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as ______ (receive) in time for Christmas. 8. When ______ (offer) help, one often says "Thank you" or "It's kind of you." 9. Helen had to shout to make herself ______ (hear) above the sound of the music. 10. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, ______ (make) him a millionaire overnight. 11. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out to escape ______ (burn). 12. I was afraid ______ (talk) back to my customers because I was afraid of losing them. 13. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ (fly) in all directions before he was sent to sleep by his wife. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 There were a great variety of lamps in ancient China. The Changxin Palace Lamp is 1. ______ invaluable treasure, which is considered as "the first lamp of China". The gold-plated bronze lamp takes the shape of a maid on her knees 2. ______ (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand, while the right hand, covered by her sleeve, 3. ______ (carry) the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle which controls two movable shades. 4. ______ (amaze), the lamp makes use of the siphon principle(虹吸原理), with the ash flowing through the maid's right arm into her body 5. ______ the water is stored. Such design can reduce dust and prevent the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six-component lamp can all be taken apart, and is easy 6. ______ (clean). The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern 7. ______ (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. It uses transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition(沉积物), which is a perfect 8. ______ (combine) of green initiative and the Olympic spirit. The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provided an insight 9. ______ China's glorious past, displaying the wisdom of ancient Chinese craftsmen, as well as China's 10. ______ (remark) achievements in science and technology 2,000 years ago. The sculpture, vivid and elegant beauty work, still glitters now. Passage 2 The Palace Museum's clock collection, more than 1,500 in number, is arguably one of the most breathtaking clock preservations worldwide. 1. ______ (make) between the 18th century and the 20th century, some were crafted in Britain, France and Switzerland, some were from the Clock Workshop of the Qing Palace, and others were 2. ______ mixture of both the East and the West. The 3. ______ (major) of British clocks feature bronze cases inlaid with splendidly colourful jewels. They are diverse 4. ______ form, recreating all kinds of architecture and natural sights, and often include automatic 5. ______ (decorate) such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds. These clocks represent the highest level of craftsmanship in Britain. Most of the French clocks here are the products of the early 20th century. Whether in terms of theme 6. ______ decorative style, the French clocks in the collection have a style of 7. ______ (they) own, and deserve their place in history. The Swiss timepieces 8. ______ (most) comprise small, unconventionally shaped desk clocks and delicate pocket watches. They were specially made 9. ______ (suit) the tastes of Chinese customers. Clocks may turn back in time, but humans may never dream of doing so. Today, the Palace Museum 10. ______ (aim) to carry on this touching tale of "time" as guardians of this traditional craftsmanship. 语法专题 9 独立主格结构 一、单句填空 1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ (launch) at the end of last March. 2. The party will be held in the garden, weather ______ (permit). 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ (have) a life span of around 20 years. 4. Sally came home, a dog ______ (follow) her. 5. There ______ (be) nothing else to do, we left. 6. The man ______ (put) in prison for more than twenty years, no one recognized him. 7. Cars ______ (park) illegally, they were punished by the police. 8. The weather ______ fine, they decided to go out for a walk. 9. Everyone ______ (take) their seats, the meeting began. 10. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes ______ (close) and his hands trembling. 11. They first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details ______ (work) out later. 12. The problem ______ (settle), they all went home happily. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students 1. ______ (show) their fear, parents and teachers also expressed their great concern about it. Experts hope the whole 2. ______ (social) pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents. Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue, 3. ______ calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 4. ______ (prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal safety could not 5. ______ (guarantee). In fact, violence can be learned. Children learn violent behaviour from adults or from 6. ______ they see on television or on 7. ______ Internet. If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 8. ______ violence, for it will result in 9. ______ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys. All in all, every student should behave 10. ______ (he) and keep away from violence. Passage 2 I, as a BBC food writer, travelled China last year. Then I fell in love with hairy crab（螃蟹）, which is one of 1. ______ most prized Chinese dishes. Hairy crabs are only available in the fall, starting 2. ______ late September to early October, and 3. ______ (end) around November. Supplies are limited and Chinese consumers spend a lot on good-quality crabs obtained from particular rivers. Hairy crabs' flesh is well-known for its 4. ______ (sweet). Also of value is the crabs' golden roe, which is creamy and delicious. Female crabs are more prized 5. ______ male crabs because they contain much more roe and are believed 6. ______ (taste) sweeter. Traditionally, the recipe for hairy crabs 7. ______ (be) simple—the crabs are steamed and then eaten with a sauce（调味汁）. They pair 8. ______ (excellent) with huangjiu, a Chinese liquor（酒） made from fermented（发酵） grains. There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each 9. ______ (design) for specific parts. It is a mark of art, and in fact a show of skill to be able to eat crabs without cracking the bones. Many restaurants are now offering to do the work for you, and will bring you the ready-processed ones. It's surprising 10. ______ great hairy crabs are after you've removed the obstacle（障碍物） when eating them. 语法专题 10 定语从句 一、单句填空 1. Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念） Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia", add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 2. Tinniswood, ______ doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. "If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you're going to suffer eventually," he said. 3. Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ______ will make them the most money. 4. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 5. The colour she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ______ hair colour looked just perfect. 6. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow. 7. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______ thousands were attending a water conference. 8. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 9. On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 10. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ______ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 11.I decided that if I learned of a company ______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 12. The goals for ______ Peter had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 13. With Susan's patience and tenderness, little Helen ______ people all thought would not have lived for long overcame her deafness and blindness and became a famous writer. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 China has a unique and time-honoured architectural tradition, dating back to the Zhou Dynasty. Since ancient times, several types of architecture have been 1. ______ (traditional) built by the Chinese. Each of these kinds of construction has different features. The wooden architecture has distinctive features 2. ______ changed little from the Zhou Dynasty. The buildings 3. ______ (construct) strong enough to survive natural disasters and were easier to rebuild. A 4. ______ (notice) feature of the wooden buildings was roofs with wide eaves（屋檐） and slightly upturned corners. The builders considered 5. ______ important to cover wooden buildings with 6. ______ (overhang) roofs. This was to protect the building from weathering since wood got damaged much 7. ______ (fast) when it was wet. Another feature is the south facing orientation（方向）. When courtyards were built with taller buildings in the north 8. ______ shorter walls facing east and west in the south, it allowed the maximum amount of sunlight 9. ______ (warm) the building during the winter months. This was 10. ______ the door and windows of the main building faced southwards and opened over the inner courtyard. Passage 2 Lefkas is a remarkably green island on the west coast of Greece. It is the 1. ______ (four) largest of the Ionian Islands. Unlike many other islands with an agreeable Mediterranean climate, Lefkas is not spoilt by mass tourism but 2. ______ (remain) a calm and authentic place where people actually live and raise their children. Lefkas is rich 3. ______ history and culture, with its fame stretching back to ancient times. It is believed that Lefkas was the island that Homer called Ithaca and on which he located the palace of Odysseus in his legendary work Odyssey. The name Lefkas comes from the Greek word for white, 4. ______ (refer) to the white cliffs（悬崖） at the southernmost tip of the island. The landscape（地貌） on 5. ______ eastern coast of the island is covered in a woodland of fragrant trees. Smaller islands are visible just offshore. On the western side, the scenic 6. ______ (village) enjoy views of some of the most breath-taking beaches below, many of which are almost deserted even in the 7. ______ (high) of summer. Since the earthquake in 1953, the capital of Lefkas, Lefkas Town, 8. ______ (rebuild) completely in a unique style, with wooden houses 9. ______ (cover) with metal sheet in many colours. Lefkas Town lies in the northern region of the island, 10. ______ the causeway（堤道） and bridge link the island to the mainland of Greece. 语法专题 11 名词性从句 一、单句填空 1.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 2. ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 3. What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas. 4. The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said. 5. They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ______ they need an English trainer. 6. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's ______ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 7. The amazing thing about the spring is ______ the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! 8. She never doubts ______ I can do such a foolish thing. 9. We consider it necessary ______ the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used. 10. ______ frightened me was a loud crash from the next room. 11. It has not been clear ______ he will come. 12. Honesty is a kind of quality and that's ______ it takes to communicate with others successfully. 13. I think that you feel ill is ______ you are eating too much. 14. The question remains ______ we should accept their invitation. 15. The idea ______ all people are selfish is wrong. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 Luosifen is a combination of river snails and rice noodles, originating in Liuzhou, Guangxi, southern China. Since Liuzhou is a city full of luosifen restaurants, with many near one another, you can even smell it 1. ______ (walk) down the street! Because of the humid climate in Liuzhou, people tend to lose their appetite, but the spicy and sour taste stimulates 2. ______ (people) appetite. Its unique taste of freshness, sourness, hotness and spiciness is 3. ______ modern people and young people prefer. Diners can also add extra chilli, fresh green vegetables or garlic 4. ______ (suit) their own taste. Despite the word "snail" in its Chinese name, actual snails don't commonly appear in the dish, but 5. ______ (use) to flavour the soup. There being many choices of 6. ______ (package) luosifen these days, people can easily prepare their favourite version at home. Some people even cook luosifen-based hotpot 7. ______ (they). Admittedly, luosifen has become 8. ______ must-try dish for those enthusiasts seeking a genuine cuisine. Whether you are exploring the streets of Liuzhou 9. ______ enjoying a bowl in a distant land, luosifen is sure to leave a lasting impression on your taste buds, providing a 10. ______ (true) unforgettable gastronomic(美食的) experience. Passage 2 In China, the 1. ______ (tradition) solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. The solar terms 2. ______ (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. Solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives. Start of Autumn 3. ______ (reflect) the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Although autumn just begins, hot weather will not come to 4. ______ end. The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually 5. ______ (last) for 30 days, is called "Autumn Tiger". Because of decreasing precipitation(降水), it is even 6. ______ (hot) during this period than during Major Heat. On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh 7. ______ (them) and compare their weight to 8. ______ it was at the Start of Summer. If one has lost weight during the summer, then at the beginning of autumn, he 9. ______ she needs to eat many different kinds of delicious food, especially meat. In Shandong Province, people make dumplings during the Start of Autumn, and they call it "Eating the Autumn". On the day of Start of Autumn, senior 10. ______ (member) of the family will stand in the middle of the hall, praying for the harvest in autumn. 语法专题 12 状语从句 一、单句填空 1. ______ gardening may be hard physical work, those who love it find it very relaxing mentally. 2. The disagreement was ______ sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. 3. ______ you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. 4. In my opinion, ______ in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly. 5. So far ______ I know, this book will be used as a textbook. 6. Kids are not allowed to leave kindergartens ______ their parents come to pick them up. 7. ______ that your mother is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about. 8. They climbed to the top of the hill in order ______ they could get a bird's eye view of the city. 9. ______ hard he tried, he did not pass the exam. 10. —How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived here?—No more than half a week. 11. Take this baggage and put it ______ you can find enough room. 12. Only ______ he works hard will Mr Smith be able to regain control of the company. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 Dunhuang is home to the Mogao Grottoes, 1. ______ UNESCO World Heritage site, elements of which are 2. ______ display in an ongoing exhibition at the National Base for International Cultural Trade in Beijing. Painted sculptures and other splendid items of cultural heritage have been reproduced, while those caves 3. ______ are now closed have now been reproduced in digital form. The exhibition area, 4. ______ (cover) some 1,600 square metres, features the results of research on nearly 50 sets of cultural relics from the Dunhuang Academy. 5. ______ the real grotto in Dunhuang is no longer open to the public, the digitally 6. ______ (restore) grotto can be preserved forever in the digital space. Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy 7. ______ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing. By the end of 2021, the "digital Dunhuang project" had completed the digital 8. ______ (collect) of 268 grottoes. Such projects have provided a means of preserving China's splendid cultural heritage for future generations, while making it more 9. ______ (wide) available both at home and abroad. It is hoped that the "digital Dunhuang" will not only allow more audiences to experience the artistic charm of Dunhuang, 10. ______ also promote exchanges between cultures along the Belt and Road under new historical conditions. Passage 2 In a study conducted twelve years ago near natural gas wells in New Mexico, researchers found that there were 75% fewer pinon pine seedlings(幼苗) in noisy sites than in quiet 1. ______. This was most likely due to the noise driving away the scrub jay(灌丛鸦), which plants thousands of pine seeds while 2. ______ (store) them to eat during the winter months. A research team from California Institute of Technology recently returned to the sites to find out whether the pinon pine had recovered 3. ______ time. 4. ______ companies changed the sites where they used noisy compressors(压缩机) to help produce natural gas, some of the 5. ______ (previous) noisy sites had become quiet. The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings 6. ______ (compare) to sites that didn't have compressors added to speed up gas extraction. This shows that though the noise was removed before the pinon pine seeds 7. ______ (plant), they still didn't sprout(发芽). "The effects of human noise pollution 8. ______ (grow) into the structure of the woodland communities at present," said biology professor and senior author Clint Francis. 9. ______ we're seeing now is that 10. ______ (disappear) of the noise doesn't necessarily immediately result in a recovery of ecological function. 语法专题 13 从句综合练 一、单句填空 1. ______ worked on a veterinarian(兽医) seemed likely to work on his patients. 2."He saved my son's life," said Mrs Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him." 3. It's easy to explain how we determine ______ smells are dangerous or not; we learn. 4. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 5. In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 6. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ______ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 7. In marine biology a great debate continues about ______ dolphins have an actual language or not. 8. ______ we will do is to leave a note to tell Mum we will be back late. 9. If there was a reason why I achieved such a great success, maybe it is just ______ I have been so lucky. 10. The announcement ______ all flights were cancelled because of bad weather greatly distressed the waiting passengers. 11. In a sports team, each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions ______ members are confused or uncertain of their roles. 12. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, of ______ obtaining fresh water is not the least. 13. He burned all the important documents ______ fear that they should go into the enemy's hands. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 You must first set your goals if you are to accomplish anything in a big way. Goals give you a starting place and a destination. People 1. ______ goals succeed because they know 2. ______ they're going. Plant your dreams, nourish and begin to live them. 3. ______ most important thing about a goal is having one. The first law of success is concentration. Bend 4. ______ of your energies to one point, and go directly to that point, 5. ______ (look) neither to the right nor the left. Concentration is the magic key 6. ______ opens the door to accomplishment. Success is the result of well directed energy. You can, in time, become what you desire to be, if you set your face in the direction of the things you want and bring all your powers to bear towards its 7. ______ (attain). When your physical and mental resources 8. ______ (focus), your power to solve problems multiplies tremendously. To do two things at once is to do neither. Nothing can add 9. ______ (much) power to your life as much as concentrating all your energies on a limited set of targets. The sun's rays do not burn 10. ______ they are brought to a focus. Passage 2 Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越) the divide between the ancient and the modern. It is home 1. ______ more than 3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place 2. ______ fully embraces the fast-paced development of modern life, with high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with cultural relics of the past. This integration of styles 3. ______ (be) strikingly typical at Zhihua Temple, built in 1444 during the rule of emperor Zhengtong. Though much smaller now than at its peak of 20,000 square metres, the temple is a somewhat 4. ______ (hide) treasure. 5. ______ (remarkable), the temple museum offers a collection of remains and statues. You might even forget you're in the 21st century, if not for the smooth curve of the modern Galaxy Soho building looming over the mythical beasts(神兽) seated on the ridges(屋脊) of the temple roofs. Yet 6. ______ they belong to completely different 7. ______ (era), appearances and purposes, they are both equally representative of this city. Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history, while still 8. ______ (look) to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape. The development of this city, which is carefully designed 9. ______ (protect) the past while embracing the modern world, 10. ______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and still not have scratched the surface, which is part of its beauty. 语法专题 14 特殊句式 一、单句填空 1. And when ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation(适度). 2. It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign ______ Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. 3. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 4. That's my view on housework. And ______ (hope) this can inspire more thinking on the topic! 5. It was not until she arrived home ______ she remembered her appointment with the doctor. 6. It was with great joy ______ he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. 7. It ______ John and Mary who helped me the other day. 8. It is the knowledge from books as well as our life experiences that ______ (help) us understand the world around us. 9. Television was not invented by any one person. Nor ______ it spring into being overnight. 10. ______ confused did he become that he didn't know how to start his lecture. 11. Had I ______ (take) your advice, all this misery might have been avoided. 12. Seldom ______ I make any mistakes during my past five years' service here. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 Someone once said, "Habits are like a cable(电缆线). We form it little by little every day and soon it cannot 1. ______ (break)." I 2. ______ (personal) disagree with the part of the expression. I know habits can be learned and unlearned but it isn't a quick fix. It involves a process and a huge 3. ______ (commit). Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were amazed as we saw the first man walk on the moon. But 4. ______ (get) there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the huge gravity pull of the Earth. More energy 5. ______ (spend) in the first few minutes of lift-off than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. Habits, too, have huge gravity pull more than most people realize or admit. 6. ______ (break) deeply habitual tendencies involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. But once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on 7. ______ whole new dimension. 8. ______ any natural force, gravity pull can work with us or not. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going 9. ______ we want to go. But it is also gravity pull 10. ______ keeps our universe in order. We can use it to create an order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. Passage 2 Birth order, whether you are an older, middle or younger child in your family, affects career path as well as personality, a new research shows. 1. ______ (reach) their conclusions, researchers studied many successful people from different career groups. One of the most important 2. ______ (discover) is that middle children are more likely to become CEOs than other children. Among them 3. ______ (be) Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook. The reason could be that they are more 4. ______ (competition) and flexible to fight for attention from the parents, 5. ______ makes them fit for high-flying roles. 6. ______ is claimed that consideration of others and high levels of management are required. Interestingly, they found the 7. ______ (major) of astronauts are eldest children, the 8. ______ (one) born children in the family. While youngest children were found to be more likely to have careers in classical music, because they are 9. ______ (possible) more sensitive and romantic. As for only children, the study suggests they are more likely to become artists due 10. ______ their personality of doing things perfectly and maturely. 语法专题1 名词和代词 一、单句填空 1. engineering 此处指最新的工程技术，应用所给词的名词形式 engineering，意为“工程”。engineer 作名词时表示“工程师”，不合题意。 2. favourites/favorites 句意：这些植物包括现代西方人特别喜欢的，比如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。根据句意，结合空后的 such as rosemary，lavender and fennel 可知，此处应用所给名词的复数形式作动词 included 的宾语，故填 favourites 或 favorites。 3. richness 空前有定冠词 the 修饰，空后是介词 of，此处应用所给词的名词形式，故填 richness。 4. visibility 此处指那些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。所填词被形容词 international 修饰，表示“知名度”，故填名词 visibility。 5. arrival 根据空前的定冠词 the 和空后的 of 可知，此处应填名词，故填 arrival。 6. themes 此处指尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中有着共同的主题。由空前的 there are 可知，此处应用可数名词 theme 的复数形式，故填 themes。 7. populations 句意：GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系。此处表示“不同种群”，需用所给名词的复数形式，故填 populations。 8. its 此处需用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式，修饰名词 beauty，故填 its。 9. humans 句意：一旦你到达山顶，你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。此处表示“我们人类”的含义，所以用 human 的复数形式 humans。 10. representative 句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1 200 个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词。前面有不定冠词 a 修饰，故填名词的单数形式 representative，意为“代表”。 11. mine 根据前面的 in the visitors' memory，可知此处表示“在我的记忆中”，用名词性物主代词 mine，相当于 my memory。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国书法艺术的特点、历史及其在文化中的重要地位。文章通过描述书法的技巧、风格及其艺术价值，展示了中国书法的独特魅力。 1. is featured 句意：中国书法的笔触以流畅和富有表现力为特点，在精确性和艺术自由之间创造了一种和谐的平衡。此处应填 which 引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词。描述的是客观事实，动词应用一般现在时。短语 be featured by 意为“以……为特征”，是固定搭配。关系词 which 指代先行词 The use of Chinese brushwork，表示第三人称单数概念，故填 is featured。 2. between 句意参见上一题解析。此处指在精确性和艺术自由之间，表示“在两者之间”用固定搭配 between...and...，故填 between。 3. a 句意：中国书法艺术提供了对中国的丰富文化遗产和艺术传统的一次洞察。此处 look 作为名词，表示“一瞥；观察”等意思时，可数名词。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，且 look 是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填 a。 4. enabling 句意：它提供了一个探索和实验的平台，使书法家能够突破技巧的界限，创作出具有创新性的作品。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 It 与 enable 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填 enabling。 5. opportunities opportunity 是可数名词，空前的形容词 endless 提示应使用其复数形式，故填 opportunities。 6. myself 此处指通过书法表达自己，应用反身代词，故填 myself。 7. to communicate ability to do sth 意为“做某事的能力”，是固定搭配。此处指中国书法艺术的永恒之美在于其能够传达视觉与情感的深度，故填 to communicate。 8. continues 空处应填句子的谓语动词。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语 this art form 表示第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填 continues。 9. elegance 句意：它的优雅与卓越超越了时间与文化的界限，使它成为一种备受珍视的艺术表达形式，令各行各业的人们为之倾倒。形容词性物主代词 Its 后应使用名词作主语，故填 elegance。 10. that/which 句意参见上一题解析。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a valued form，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了杭州龙井茶的相关情况。 1. to (be) home to 意为“是……的故乡”，是固定搭配，故填 to。 2. to pick 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。根据语境可知，此处指种植者们将与日出赛跑，采摘早春茶。故可推知，此处应用不定式形式作目的状语，故填 to pick。 3. a 根据语境可知，此处指为他们赚取一笔可观的年收入。空处表泛指，应用不定冠词。sizable 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 4. tasting 空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。High-end Dragon Well 和 taste 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 tasting。 5. roasted 空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据语境可知，此处指高端龙井尝起来像春天的第一批青菜，还伴有糖烤栗子的味道。chestnuts 和 roast 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填 roasted。 6. who/that 分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 people。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who 或 that。 7. daily 空处应用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 necessity，故填 daily，意为“日常的”。 8. what 分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句，作 learn 的宾语从句。宾语从句中，about 后缺少宾语，故填 what。 9. complexity 空前有定冠词 the 修饰，空后是介词 of，应用所给词的名词形式，故填 complexity，意为“复杂性”，是不可数名词。 10. drives 句意：这就是我亲自去杭州的原因，我想了解这片不起眼的小树叶是如何以及为什么会带动整体经济的。分析句子成分可知，空处应填 learn 引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词。此处描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语 this little leaf 是单数，故填 drives。 语法专题 2 冠词、数词、介词和介词短语 一、单句填空 1. a; the 句意：此外，围绕该温室的丝绸之路花园引导游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种都是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。第一空泛指一段旅程，journey 以辅音音素开头，故填 a；第二空考查的是固定搭配，for the first time 意为“第一次”，故填 the。 2. as 根据句意可知，此处指这座温室作为当代设计的巨大成就。stand as 意为“作为……；立足于……”，是固定搭配，故填 as。 3. An 句意：一位乘务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。此处表泛指，名词 attendant 以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词 An。 4. a a touch of 意为“一点点，少许”，是固定搭配，故填 a。 5. the 此处用了表示倍数的固定表达“倍数+the+性质名词（size）+of”，size 前需用定冠词 the。 6. a 句意：你在中国的时候，一定要去黄山！此处 must 是可数名词，意为“必不可少的事物”，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，用不定冠词修饰。must 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 7. as 句意：大熊猫还充当伞护种，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物提供保护。serve as 是固定短语，意为“充当，担任”，故填 as。 8. from 句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什。根据句意和空后的 Xi'an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应填介词 from，固定搭配 from...to...表示“从……到……”。 9. by 句意：今年5月21日是首个国际茶日，该节日由联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名。根据句意可知，此处表示“被联合国命名”，表被动含义，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”，故填 by。 10. to 句意：我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。be similar to 是固定短语，意为“和……相似”，故填 to。 11. by 句意：在那儿，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——它有更多的馅儿，较少的汤汁，它的皮是用手压出来的，而不是擀出来的。根据句意可知，此处表示“用手”，要用介词 by，故填 by。 12. seventh 根据句意和空格前的定冠词 the 可知，空处应填入序数词 seventh，表示“七年级”。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉中藤编的历史、特点、应用、价值及其在中国历史和文化中的重要地位。 1. flexibility 形容词性物主代词 its 后应使用名词，故填 flexibility，意为“弹性”，为不可数名词。 2. to make 句意：它是当地人使用的优质天然编织材料，通过他们勤劳的双手和智慧，制作出了各种美丽的藤编制品。空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式结构作目的状语，故填 to make。 3. which 句意：藤编具有材质天然性、技法多样性和视觉舒适性的特点，极大地满足了现代人对一种新型生活方式的需求。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，并在从句中作主语，故填 which。 4. a 句意参见上一题解析。修饰名词 lifestyle 应用不定冠词，表示“一种新的生活方式”。new 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 5. have entered 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 In recent years 可知，应用现在完成时。主语 rattan furniture and rattan crafts 表示复数概念，故填 have entered。 6. adding 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 rattan furniture and rattan crafts 与动词 add 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词形式，故填 adding。 7. accidental 句意：传统陕西藤编地域特色的形成不是一个偶然的艺术现象，而是历经了数千年的传承、发展和变化的艺术表现形式，有着深厚的民族习俗、文化、经济甚至美学的历史渊源。修饰名词短语 artistic phenomenon 应用形容词，故填 accidental。 8. but 句意参见上一题解析。not...but...是固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，用于强调后者，故填 but。 9. As 句意：作为一种文化艺术丰富的传统工艺，汉中藤编代表了劳动人民的集体智慧，反映了淳朴的西北习俗和民间传统的本质，具有极高的民俗研究价值。根据句意可知，此处应填介词，表示“作为”的含义，故填 As。 10. mirrors 句意参见上一题解析。此处是 and 连接的并列结构，根据 and 前后的谓语动词 represents 和 holds 可知，空处也应使用动词的第三人称单数形式，故填 mirrors。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了东阳木雕的历史、传承、发展现状及其对相关行业和人才的影响，展示了东阳木雕艺术的独特魅力和广阔前景。 1. pouring 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 Local craftspeople 与 pour 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填 pouring。 2. to be home to 是固定搭配，意为“是……的家乡”，此处指东阳是 11 位国家级工艺美术大师和 60 位省级工艺美术大师的故乡，故填 to。 3. was admitted 空处应填主句的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“被录取”，应用被动语态。结合句中的时间状语 when he was 13 years old 可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语 Lu 是第三人称单数，故填 was admitted。 4. actively 修饰动词 participates 用副词，表示“积极参加”，故填 actively。 5. which 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 art form，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 6. disciplines 句意：陆光正说：“所以我总是建议我的徒弟不仅要掌握木雕的基本技能，还要学习各种学科。”根据句意可知，此处 discipline 是可数名词，意为“学科”。空前的 various 提示，此处应使用其复数形式，故填 disciplines。 7. experienced 修饰名词 craftspeople 应用形容词，故填 experienced，意为“有经验的”。 8. the 此处特指 20 世纪 80 年代，故填定冠词 the。 9. consumption 句意：多亏了东阳木雕的兴起和消费水平的提高，许多在外工作的木雕工匠回到了家乡，探索潜在的商业机会。空处应用所给词的名词形式作 of 的宾语，故填 consumption，意为“消费”，是不可数名词。 10. to explore 句意参见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处应用所给动词的不定式结构作目的状语，故填 to explore. 语法专题 3 形容词和副词 一、单句填空 1. closed 句意：在寒冷的天气里，该建筑物保持关闭状态以保护植物。空前的 stays 是系动词，此处应用所给词的形容词形式作 stays 的表语，故填 closed，意为“关闭的”。 2. rarely 句意：无论我在哪里买它们，我吃一笼都不够，但买两笼又显得贪吃了，所以我总是想着下次多买一点。修饰形容词 enough 应用所给词的副词形式作状语，故填 rarely。 3. tasty 根据该空前后并列短语的偏正结构可知，空处应用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 soup，故填 tasty，意为“美味的”。 4. recognized 句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词 home。home 和 recognize 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 recognized。此处 recognized 也可看作形容词作定语，意为“公认的”。 5. largest 根据句意，结合空前的 the 可知，此处表示“美国最大的国家公园”，需用所给形容词的最高级形式，故填 largest。 6. spacious 空处应用所给词的形容词形式作定语，修饰名词 homes，故填 spacious，意为“宽敞的”。 7. Different 句意：与传统寓言不同，Carson 的故事以指责而不是道德说教作为结尾。be different from 是固定搭配，意为“与……不同”，故填 Different。 8. remarkable 分析句子成分可知，空处应用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 development，故填 remarkable。 9. Basically 分析句子成分可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应用副词作状语，故填 Basically。 10. open 当 open 作宾语补足语时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的分词形式。又如：with his eyes open/closed。 11. better 在疑问句和否定句中，any 可用来修饰比较级。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参观中国丝绸博物馆的过程和所见所闻，介绍了该博物馆的规模、功能等，强调了中国丝绸的历史、文化魅力和重要地位。 1. traditional 修饰名词 culture 应用形容词，故填 traditional。 2. largest 句意：经过 20 多年的发展，该博物馆已成为世界上同类博物馆中规模最大的博物馆，具有收藏、研究、文化保护和展览等多重功能。根据句意，结合空前的定冠词 the 可知，空处应使用所给形容词的最高级形式，故填 largest。 3. a 句意：不久，它将包含一个以丝绸之路为主题的新展览馆，以推广“一带一路”倡议。空处限定可数名词 exhibition，表泛指，应用不定冠词。new 是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填 a。 4. to promote 句意参见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处应用所给动词的不定式结构作目的状语，故填 to promote。 5. be amazed 句意：在导游的带领下，我们不禁对那些华丽的服饰及其展现出的精湛工艺感到惊叹。can not help but do sth 意为“禁不住做某事”，是固定搭配。be amazed by 意为“对……感到惊讶”，故填 be amazed。 6. is 空处应填主句的谓语动词。此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。主语 China 是第三人称单数，故填 is。 7. civilization 此处与名词 spirit 并列，且被形容词 long-celebrated 修饰，应使用所给词的名词形式，故填 civilization，是不可数名词。 8. that 句意：正是丝绸，这一看似柔软易碎的细线，几千年来把中国人民凝聚在一起，并在几千年前就把神秘的中国与世界联系在一起。本句为强调句型，被强调部分为 silk，故填 that。a single thread that seemed so tender and fragile 是 silk 的同位语。 9. to/with 句意参见上一题解析。link...to/with...是固定搭配，意为“把……和……联系在一起”，故填 to 或 with。 10. and 句意：它以自己独特的方式，用其独特的美，激发了人类历史上一些最丰富多彩的篇章，并将在世界舞台上继续发挥作用，但这次将更加有力、更具魅力。分析句子成分可知，空处应用连词。结合句意可知，前后文之间为并列关系，故填 and。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自贡灯会的历史、灯笼的设计图案，提及现代技术和环保理念在灯会中的应用，并说明了今年灯会的持续时间和游客可以享受的活动。 1. a 此处指自贡灯会拥有超过一千年的历史。have a history of... years 为固定搭配，意为“拥有……年的历史”，故填 a。 2. To mark “许多灯笼以生肖龙为主题”是为了“庆祝龙年”。所填内容作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故填 To mark。 3. at/in 表示“在展会上”，介词用 at 或者 in。 4. who/that 句意：较喜欢传统灯笼的游客可以看到花鸟灯笼和传奇人物的灯笼，而带有诸如文化潮流和网络游戏之类的现代图案的灯笼越来越受年轻人的欢迎。分析句子可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Visitors. 先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 who 或 that。 5. patterns 句意参见上一题解析。所填词作 with 的宾语，被形容词 modern 修饰，应用名词形式。pattern 是可数名词，此处表示复数概念，应用其复数形式，故填 patterns。 6. nicer 所填内容与 more vivid 是并列关系，作 the lanterns 的宾语补足语，也应用比较级形式，故填 nicer。 7. environmental 所填词修饰名词 protection，作定语，应用形容词形式，故填 environmental。 8. using 此处指“通过使用 21 种不同废弃材料”，所填词及其后面的内容作介词 of 的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填 using。 9. their 所填词修饰名词 decorations，表示“他们的”，应用形容词性物主代词形式，故填 their。 10. will be updated 此处指这些花灯将会被更新，动词应用被动语态。结合前一句中的谓语动词 will run 可知，此处描述的是将来发生的事情，动词应用一般将来时的被动语态，故填 will be updated。 语法专题 4 动词时态、语态和主谓一致（一） 一、单句填空 1. were 空处应填主句的系动词。根据定语从句中的 had spent 可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。主语是 They，故填 were。 2. were 句意：汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。分析句子成分可知，所填词是主句的系动词。that Tang was writing about 是定语从句，修饰先行词 Some of the things。主句的主语是 Some of the things，表示复数概念，且此处描述的是过去的事实，故填 were。 3. wished 根据时间状语 As a little girl 和后面的 grew 可知，此处应使用一般过去时，故填 wished。 4. were 空处应填定语从句中的谓语动词。由句中关键信息词 previously 可知，此处时态是一般过去时。定语从句的先行词 areas 是复数，故填 were。 5. is designed 分析句子成分可知，空处应填句子的谓语动词。此处陈述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语 The GPNP 与 design 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 is designed。 6. was fixing 句意：听到尖叫声的时候，Henry 正在修车。根据句子的语法结构可知，此处填的是主句的谓语动词。再结合句意可知，时态是过去进行时，故填 was fixing。 7. threw 根据句子的语法结构可知，此处填的是句子的谓语动词，和 stared 并列，所以时态也是一般过去时，故填 threw。 8. was 根据时间状语 then 可知，此处表示石头是人们过去放的，时态是一般过去时。it 是形式主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填 was。 9. touched 句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。空处应填句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语 last week 可知应用一般过去时，故填 touched。 10. means 空处应填 because 引导的原因状语从句中的谓语动词。根据上文中的 excites 和空后的 have 可知，此处也应使用一般现在时。主语是 it，故填 means。 11. carries 句意：这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。空处应填表语从句中的谓语动词。此处陈述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时。从句主语是动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 carries。 12. be chosen 句意：这位画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把自己的杰作呈献给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。从句中的主语 he 与 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形，故填 be chosen。 13. pointed 根据 and 前的 smiled 可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填 pointed。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国四大名砚之一的端砚，提及其起源、制作材料、步骤、艺术特点以及其在历史和文化中的地位和影响。 1. originating 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 The Duan inkstone 与 originate 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应使用其现在分词形式，故填 originating。 2. after be named after 意为“以……命名”，是固定搭配，故填 after。 3. central 修饰名词 region 应用形容词，故填 central，意为“中心的”。 4. employed 句意：用于制作端砚的石材以其质地细腻、表面光滑、天然色彩丰富而著称。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 The stones 与 employ 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词作后置定语，故填 employed。 5. appearance 不定冠词 a 和形容词 distinctive 后应用可数名词的单数形式，故填 appearance。 6. which 句意：制作端砚的过程包括四个步骤：采石、选料、雕刻和配盒，其中采石和雕刻是两个最重要的步骤。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 steps，指物。关系词在从句中作宾语，且空前有介词 among，故填 which。 7. are forbidden 句意：手工挑选没有瑕疵的石头非常困难，并且其他替代工具是禁止的，如炸药。空处在句中作谓语。根据句意可知，此处表示被动，应用被动语态。此处描述的是一般性事实，结合并列连词 and 前的 is 可知，应用一般现在时。主语 other alternative tools 是复数概念，故填 are forbidden。 8. and 空处应用连词连接前后的短语，good concept、fine shape of the stones 和 exceptional skills 是并列关系，故填 and。 9. particularly 修饰谓语 has been favoured 应用副词，故填 particularly。 10. a 句意：如今，它仍然在书法家和收藏家的心中占有独特的地位。空处限定可数名词 place，表泛指，应用不定冠词。unique 是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填 a。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位能说流利中文的外籍视频博主浓浓的中国情怀。 1. What 分析句子成分可知，is 前是主语从句，空处应填引导主语从句的连接词。主语从句中缺少 know 的宾语，故填 What。 2. has called 空处应填表语从句中的并列谓语。根据时间状语 since the age of six 可知，应用现在完成时。主语是 she，故填 has called。 3. creator 空前有不定冠词 a 修饰，空后是介词 of，空处应填所给词的名词形式。此处表示她作为一名数字内容创造者，故填 creator。 4. Filmed 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。her videos 与 film 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 Filmed。 5. to open doors to... 意为“为……提供达到目的的手段，为……创造机会”，是固定搭配，故填 to。 6. that/which 空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a cultural interview programme，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 that 或 which。 7. was boosted 空处应填主句的谓语动词。根据时间状语 in 2023 可知，应用一般过去时。主语 Her popularity 和 boost 之间是被动关系，故填 was boosted。 8. a 分析句子成分可知，空处及后面的内容作 My Guangdong Story 的同位语。此处应用不定冠词表泛指，six 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 9. warmly 空处应用所给词的副词形式修饰动词 shares，故填 warmly。 10. bridging 空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。Rachel 和 bridge 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 bridging。 语法专题 5 动词时态、语态和主谓一致（二） 一、单句填空 1. was named 根据时间状语 On April 5, 2024 可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。主语 John Tinniswood（第三人称单数）与 name 之间是被动关系，故填 was named。 2. jogged 第一个 and 连接两个并列句，空处作后一个分句中的谓语。根据 and 前的 went 可知，此处描述过去发生的事，也应使用一般过去时，故填 jogged。 3. be offered 句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果它们有时能以更小的包装出售，那就更好了。空处和 could 一起构成 if 引导的条件状语从句中的谓语。从句中的 they 指代前文中的 sausages，与 offer 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 be offered。 4. have started 句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市已经开始销售鸡肉或沙拉，它们的包装设计成两半，分成不同的部分。空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Over the last two years 可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 have started。 5. was amazed 空处应填 and 前的分句中的谓语动词。根据 and 后的 was 可知，此处也应用一般过去时。主语 I 和动词 amaze 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 was amazed。 6. made 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据关键信息 last Friday's biology class 可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填 made。 7. becomes 空处应填主句的谓语动词。根据从句中的 take 可知，此处用一般现在时。主语是 the singing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 becomes。 8. has established 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Up to now 可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语是 China，故填 has established。 9. are 空处应填 be 动词的适当形式，与空后的 questioning 一起作句子的谓语。根据时间状语 now 可知，应用现在进行时。主语 Cobb and others 表示复数概念，故填 are。 10. were sent 句中有明显的过去时间状语 last year，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 11. washes 表示主语（主语是事物）的一般性质或特征的动词，如：cut，tear，read，write，wash，sell 等，常用主动表被动。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了关于可穿戴技术对运动表现和健康影响的观点。文章通过引用专家的观点和运动员的例子，提供了不同的视角，并提出了对于过度依赖技术记录和追踪健康数据的思考。 1. But 句意：我们似乎过于依赖可在那些设备上获得的数据。但我们经常依赖技术，记录下我们走的每一步，这是一件好事吗？根据句意可知，此处应填表示转折关系的连词 But。 2. wearable 根据语境可知，此处表示可穿戴设备，结合空前的 the 可知，应用所给词的名词形式，故填 wearable。 3. looking 空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式作后置定语，表示“想要用数据提升比赛水平的运动员”，athletes 和 look 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填 looking。 4. to be new to 意为“对……陌生，对……生疏”，是固定搭配，此处指那些刚开始锻炼的人，故填 to。 5. threw 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Earlier this month 可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故填 threw。 6. to avoid 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。此处指 Sara Hall 为了避免分心，竟然在比赛中途扔掉了她的 GPS 手表。故可推知，此处应用所给动词的不定式形式作目的状语，故填 to avoid。 7. aches 本句破折号后列举内容都是身体的信号，结合空处前后的内容 tiredness（疲劳）和 bursts of energy（能量爆发）可知，此处应使用名词。ache 作为名词时意为“疼痛”，是可数名词，应用其复数形式，故填 aches。 8. than 句意：同样，对于跑步初学者来说，学会倾听你身体的信号——疲劳、疼痛、能量爆发——比追踪你的速度或心率更重要。根据句意，结合空前的关键信息 more important 可知，此处使用了固定搭配 more...than...，意为“比……更……”，故填 than。 9. effective 空处与 more cost 一起，与空后的 more fun，more convenient 并列作表语，空处应用所给词的形容词形式，故填 effective。 10. attached 分析句子成分可知，that 引导宾语从句，空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。a different item 和 attach 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 attached。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了脚尧村振兴茶业带领乡民致富的故事。 1. for 分析句子成分可知，空处应填介词。根据语境可知，此处指他家三代人都种茶，故填 for。 2. but 句意：他家三代人都种茶，过去连吃饭都困难，但现在他每年仅靠卖茶就能赚 7 万元。根据句意可知，空处前后分句之间是转折关系，故填并列连词 but。 3. successfully 空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰动词 integrated，故填 successfully。 4. to achieve attempt to do sth 意为“试图做某事”，是固定搭配，故填 to achieve。 5. was transformed 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据 and 后的 became 可知，此处也应用一般过去时。主语 An old house 和 transform 之间是被动关系，故填 was transformed。 6. mountains 空前有形容词 green 修饰，此处应用名词。mountain 是可数名词，空前没有限定词，应用其复数形式，故填 mountains。 7. expected 句意：去年，合作社将预期收益的 40% 分配给了村里的股东。空处应用所给词的形容词形式作定 语，修饰名词 earnings，故填 expected。 8. When/As 句意：当 Kuang 的妻子 Mao Huayan 收到 1097 元的奖金时，她感觉也自己像个在春节期间得到压岁钱的孩子。分析句子成分，结合句意可知，空处应填连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故填 When 或 As。 9. getting 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式作 a child 的后置定语。a child 和 get 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填 getting。 10. industrial 空处应用所给词的形容词形式修饰名词 development，故填 industrial。 语法专题 6 非谓语动词 一、单句填空 1. to give 句意：这些穹顶在温暖的日子里打开是为了给内部的植物阳光和新鲜空气。根据句意可知，此处应用所给动词的不定式形式作目的状语，故填 to give。 2. Recalling 句意：回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚的戏剧《理查三世》的中国话剧版和几年前接见前来斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》选段的中国演员的场景……。本句的主干是 Edmondson said，所填词及其宾语作伴随状语。recall 与主语 Edmondson 构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填 Recalling。 3. to catch tend to do sth 是固定搭配，意为“往往会做某事，倾向于做某事”，故填 to catch。 4. knocking 空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 some kids 与 knock 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 knocking。 5. to rest take (the) time to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，故填 to rest。 6. to make give sb the opportunity to do sth 是固定搭配，意为“给某人做某事的机会”，故填 to make。 7. visiting 句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国借来的大熊猫。分析句子成分可知，空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词词组 Chinese zookeepers。visit 和 Chinese zookeepers 在逻辑上是主动关系，故填所给词的现在分词形式 visiting，表示“到访的，来访的”。 8. to bite 句意：在吃小笼包时，你得决定是先咬出一个小口，释放蒸汽，冒着让汤汁流出来的风险，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆开。此处考查的是“whether+不定式”结构，空处与 or 后面的 to put 并列，故填 to bite。 9. surrounded 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。被修饰短语 the Forbidden City 与 surround 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 surrounded。 10. to make 两个不定式表示并列关系时，后一不定式前可省去 to；表示对比关系时，不定式符号 to 常保留。 11. belonging belong to 没有被动形式，故此处只能用其现在分词形式作定语。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了红旗渠的修建状况和意义。 1. despite 句意：有一个中国故事，讲的是一位 90 多岁的老人不顾别人的质疑，和家人一起移除大山，以连通外面的世界。此处表达“即使，尽管”之意，且后接名词作宾语，故填介词 despite。 2. determination 句意：这个故事激励了中国人团结起来，用决心和努力克服困难。所填词与 hard work 一起作介词 with 的并列宾语，应用名词形式，故填 determination。 3. was built 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。waterway 与 build 之间存在被动关系，故填 was built。 4. a 此处的 headache 表示具体化的概念，表达“一件令人头痛的事”之意，且该词以辅音音素开头，故前面应填入不定冠词 a。 5. To ease “当地政府决定修建一条横穿山脉的运河”的目的是“缓解该地区缺水的问题”，所填内容作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故填 To ease。 6. whose 所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a canal，指物。关系词在从句中作定语，故填关系代词 whose。 7. hung 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所填动词与 tied 是句子的并列谓语，也应使用过去式，故填 hung。hang 作“悬挂”讲时，其过去式和过去分词都是 hung；hang 作“绞死，吊死”讲时，其过去式和过去分词都是 hanged。 8. removing 本句主干部分是 they levelled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels，是谓谓宾结构，空处及其后面的内容作状语，remove 只能使用非谓语动词形式。remove 与主语 they 构成主动关系，所填词应用现在分词形式，故填 removing。 9. benefits 所填词作 gained 的宾语，且被 multiple 修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填 benefits。 10. dramatically 所填词修饰动词 changed，作状语，应用副词形式，故填 dramatically。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了古琴的历史、制作过程及用古琴弹奏的经典之作。 1. unearthed 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 The earliest piece 和 unearth 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 unearthed。 2. to make 句意：古琴的琴身是由木头和七根丝弦制成的，但与它看似简单的外表不同，制作这种乐器需要上百道工序，包括选材、上色和调音等。此处使用了固定句型“It takes...to do sth.”，意为“做某事需要花费……”，其中 it 是形式主语，其后的动词不定式结构才是真正的主语，故填 to make。 3. an 句意：这是一项要求极高的工作。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，应使用不定冠词修饰可数名词 job。extremely 以元音音素开头，故填 an。 4. was expected 句意：在古代中国，古琴连同围棋、书法和绘画，被认为是贵族和学者们需要掌握的技能。空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据状语 in ancient China 可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。根据句意可知，主语 The guqin 和 expect 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 was expected。 5. musician 分析句子成分可知，空处填入的词应作句子的主语，结合空前的修饰词 The most distinguished guqin 可知，此处应填名词。根据空后的 Yu Boya 可知，此处表示“春秋战国时期最著名的古琴乐师”，应填可数名词 musician 的单数或复数形式。结合空后的 was 可知，应使用其单数形式，故填 musician。 6. what 句意：当他在山上弹奏古琴时，一位名叫钟子期的樵夫听到并精准地理解了音乐所表达的内容。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句作 understood 的宾语，并在宾语从句中作主语，表示“音乐所表达的内容”，故填 what。 7. between 根据句意可知，此处指他们之间建立了紧密的联系，并成了密友。表示“两者之间”，应填介词 between。 8. which 分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the guqin masterpiece，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 9. surviving 句意：如今，训练有素的古琴演奏家数量不到一千，依然健在的大师可能不超过五十人。空处应填所给动词的现在分词形式作定语，修饰名词 masters，表示“依然健在的”，故填 surviving。 10. significantly 空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰谓语 have declined，故填 significantly。 语法专题 7 动词和非谓语动词（一） 一、单句填空 1. inspired；was built 句意：两年后，一座灵感来源于《牡丹亭》的六米高的亭子在离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程的冷杉花园建成。第一空所填词所在部分作后置定语，修饰 a six-metre-tall pavilion。inspire 和被修饰词 a six-metre-tall pavilion 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 inspired。第二空填的是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语 Two years later 可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，表示这座亭子被建成，应用一般过去时的被动语 态。主语 a six-metre-tall pavilion 是第三人称单数，故填 was built。 2. borrowing 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式作状语。主语 her fable 与 borrow 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 borrowing。 3. to address；facing 句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。根据句意可知，第一空在句中作目的状语，故用所给动词的不定式形式 to address。第二空的逻辑主语 people 与 face 之间构成主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故第二空填 facing。 4. to journey 名词 step 被序数词 first 修饰，后面用不定式作定语，故填 to journey。 5. Inspired；held 句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。根据语境可知，第一空表示“受……启发”，结合空后的 by 可知，此处应用所给动词的过去分词形式 Inspired 作状语。第二空的逻辑主语 the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 与 hold 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用所给动词的过去分词形式作定语，故第二空填 held。 6. To strengthen；inviting 句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动方在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的 29 名茶叶专业人士进行 36 小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，第一空表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，应用所给动词的不定式形式作目的状语，故填 To strengthen。第二空的逻辑主语 the event 与 invite 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故第二空填 inviting。 7. recording spend time (in) doing sth 意为“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配，故填 recording。 8. was 空处应填主句中的谓语动词。根据定语从句中的 wrote 以及上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填 was。 9. was answering 根据前一句“Mike 没注意到 Alice 进他屋子”可知，Mike 打电话是 Alice 进屋时正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时。 10. have been working 根据 but 后的时态可以判断出到现在还没有得出结论，有可能还要继续下去，所以要用现在完成进行时。 11. will have gone then 指代 at five o'clock this afternoon，由语境可知是将来时间。将来完成时表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作。 12. to be getting 系动词 seem 后通常接不定式，由于有 all the time，故用不定式的进行时。 13. doing get down to 中 to 为介词，后接动名词。 14. to be done what was to be done 相当于 what to do。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宣纸的历史意义及特性。 1. civilization/civilisation 句意：造纸术被誉为中国古代文明的四大发明之一，与印刷术、火药和指南针齐名。形容词 ancient 和 Chinese 后应填入名词，表示“文明”，故填 civilization 或 civilisation。 2. various 空处应用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 types，故填 various。 3. to 句意：在各种类型的纸张中，宣纸（也称为米纸）不仅是中国文化必不可少的一部分，而且也是中国几千年历史的见证者。a witness to sth 意为“某事的证人/见证者”，是固定搭配，故填 to。 4. has been linked 句意：自诞生以来，宣纸就与书画紧密相连。空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Since its origin 可知，应用现在完成时。主语 Xuan paper 和 link 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 has been linked。 5. an 根据语境可知，此处指“作为中国文化的一个重要载体”，表泛指，应用不定冠词。essential 以元音音素开头，故填 an。 6. which 分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Xuancheng City，指物。关系词在从句中作 is named after 的宾语，故填 which。 7. nearly 根据语境可知，此处指中国国家图书馆里存放了将近3千万本古籍。空处表示“几乎，将近”，应用所给词的副词形式 nearly。 8. stored 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。名词 books 与 store 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 stored。 9. Featuring 句意：宣纸表面光滑，质地纯正，具有很高的张力强度，因此可以长时间保存。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 it（指代前一句中的 Xuan paper）和 feature 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 Featuring。 10. and 句意：宣纸的质地和品质可以保持千年不变，如果保存得当，宣纸的寿命可以达到2 000多年，而纸上的墨水仍然鲜亮。根据句意可知，前后文之间是并列关系，应用表示并列关系的连词，故填 and。 Passage 2 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中医的起源、历史及在国外的发展现状。 1. includes 句意：中医包括针灸、中草药、太极、气功、推拿、刮痧和拔火罐等。空处应用句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时。It 是第三人称单数，故填 includes。 2. methods 句意：针灸是最早被美国医疗保健系统认可的中医方法之一。本句中，that 引导定语从句，所填词是定语从句的先行词，可推知应填名词，表示“方法”。结合空前的 one of 和定语从句中的 were 可知，应填入可数名词 method 的复数形式，故填 methods。 3. titled 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。article 和 title 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应使用所给动词的过去分词形式作 article 的后置定语，故填 titled。 4. officially 空处应使用所给词的副词形式，修饰谓语 was accepted，故填 officially。 5. effective 空处应使用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 treatment，故填 effective，表示“有效的”。 6. on focus on 意为“专注于”，是固定搭配，故填 on。 7. improvement 此处是并列连词 and 连接的并列结构，根据 and 前的 prevention 可知，空处也应填入名词，故填 improvement。 8. to maintain 句意：在美国，现在中医主要被用作人们保持健康状态的一种选择。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，应用所给词的不定式结构，故填 to maintain。 9. the 分析句子成分可知，此处应填冠词。空后有 of 短语限定，特指“针灸的使用”，故填定冠词 the。 10. and 句意：中医在全球 180 多个国家和地区广泛实践；其中，103 个国家已经批准使用针灸，29 个国家制定了某些形式的中医法律法规，18 个国家将针灸纳入其国家医疗保障体系，超过 30 个国家的高等院校开设了中医教学。根据句意可知，前后文之间是并列关系，应用表示并列的连词连接，故填 and。 语法专题 8 动词和非谓语动词（二） 一、单句填空 1. provides 空处应填定语从句中的谓语动词。根据主句中的 is 可知，此处应用一般现在时。从句的谓语动词和先行词 a convenient app 的数保持一致，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 provides。 2. avoiding and 是并列连词，根据 and 前的 limiting 可知，此处应填动名词 avoiding 作 by 的并列宾语。 3. means 本句中，having a system 是动名词短语作主语，in the same building 是介词短语作状语，where it's eaten 是定语从句，故本空填的是主句的谓语动词。动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 means。 4. woke; to see 第一空应填主句的谓语动词。根据从句中的 heard 可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故第一空填 woke。根据句意可知，他要爬上阳台去看这些在外面玩闹的孩子，应使用所给动词的不定式形式作目的状语，故第二空填 to see。 5. to benefit 句意：然而，如果你想买一件，为了享受降价而多买是没有意义的。根据句意可知，空处应用所给动词的不定式形式作目的状语，故填 to benefit。 6. is being repaired 由语境可知，“我们”没有选择那条路，因为桥“正在被修”，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 7. to be received 句意：所有这些礼物必须马上被寄出，以便在圣诞节按时被收到。so as to 意为“为了，以便”，是固定搭配。根据句意可知，此处应用被动语态，故填 to be received。 8. offered 从句主语和主句一致，而且和 offer 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，省略从句的主语和 be 动词 is。 9. heard 使役动词 make 后接宾语，再接过去分词作宾补。宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系。 10. to make 不定式作结果状语，表示主语未曾预料到的结果。 11. being burned/burnt escape 意为“逃脱”，常接动名词形式作宾语。只能接动名词形式作宾语的动词还有 mind, admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, imagine, miss, practise 等。 12. to talk be afraid to do 意为“不敢……”（指不敢做出的一种行为）；be afraid of doing 意为“担心……”（强调害怕产生某种后果）。 13. flying send sth flying 意为“使……飞出去”；send sb to sleep 意为“使某人入睡”，其中 to 为介词，sleep 为名词。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了被誉为“中华第一灯”的长信宫灯，简述其造型特点、工作原理及历史意义。 1. an 句意：长信宫灯是一件无价之宝，被誉为“中华第一灯”。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，应使用不定冠词。invaluable 以元音音素开头，故填 an。 2. holding 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。被修饰名词 maid 和 hold 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 holding。 3. carries 句意：灯盘在她的左手上，而她被袖子遮住的右手则托着灯罩。分析句子成分可知，此处应填 while 连接的句子中的谓语动词。此处陈述的是客观事实，结合前文中的 is 可知，应使用一般现在时。主语 the right hand 和 carry 之间是主动关系，故填 carries。 4. Amazingly 句意：令人惊讶的是，这座宫灯利用了虹吸原理，使得烟灰顺着侍女的右臂进入存有水的体内。空处应使用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，故填 Amazingly。 5. where 分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 body。关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 6. to clean 句意：除此之外，整个宫灯的六个部分都可以拆卸，方便清洗。此处使用了固定结构“主语+be +easy +动词不定式”，表示“容易做某事”，用动词不定式的主动形式表达被动意味，故填 to clean。 7. is inspired/was inspired 句意：2022 年北京冬奥会火种灯的设计灵感来自长信宫灯。分析句子成分可知，空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据句意和空后的 by 可知，主语 The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern 和 inspire 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。此处描述的是一般性事实，结合空后句中的 uses 和 is 可知，应用一般现在时，故填 is inspired。根据修饰词 2022 可知，此处也可以理解为描述过去发生的事，因此也可以用一般过去时，故填 was inspired。 8. combination 空前有不定冠词 a 和形容词 perfect 修饰，空后是介词 of，此处应填所给词的名词形式，故填 combination。 9. into 句意：精致的长信宫灯展示了古代中国工匠的智慧，以及 2 000 年前中国在科学技术方面取得的卓越成就，让人们深入地了解中国辉煌的过去。an insight into sth 意为“对……的深入了解”，是固定搭配，故填 into。 10. remarkable 空处应使用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 achievements，故填 remarkable。 Passage 2 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了故宫博物院的馆藏钟表。 1. Made 句意：这些钟表制作于 18 世纪至 20 世纪之间，有些是在英国、法国和瑞士制作的，有些来自清宫做钟处，还有一些是东西合璧的作品。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语和 make 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 Made。 2. a 根据句意可知，此处指“还有一些钟表是东西合璧的作品”，表泛指。名词 mixture 意为“混合物”，此处是可数名词，空处应用不定冠词。mixture 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 3. majority the majority of 意为“大多数，大部分”，是固定搭配，故填 majority。 4. in 句意：这些钟表形式多样，再现了各种建筑和自然景观，通常包括喷泉、活动的人物、船只和鸟类等自动装饰品。根据句意可知，此处指“在形式上”，故填介词 in。 5. decorations 空前有形容词 automatic 修饰，结合句意可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式，表示“装饰品”。such as 后列举了几种装饰品，因此应用可数名词 decoration 的复数形式，故填 decorations。 6. or 句意：无论是主题还是装饰风格，这些收藏的法国钟表都有自己的风格，在历史上占有一席之地。根据句意可知，此处使用了固定结构“whether... or...”，意为“无论……还是……”，故填 or。 7. their of one's own 意为“属于某人自己的”，是固定搭配，故填 their。 8. mostly 句意：瑞士钟表主要包含小巧别致的台式钟表和精致的怀表。空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰动词 comprise，故填 mostly，意为“主要地，大多”。 9. to suit 句意：它们是专门为迎合中国客户的品位而制作的。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，应使用所给动词的不定式结构，故填 to suit。 10. aims 空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Today 可知，应用一般现在时。主语 the Palace Museum 是第三人称单数，故填 aims。 语法专题 9 独立主格结构 一、单句填空 1. having been launched 句意：该国已经发射了三艘无人航天器，最近的一艘是在去年三月底发射的。句中主语 the most recent 和 The country 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构。主语 the most recent 和 launch 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，且 launch 这一动作的时间背景发生在谓语动词 has sent up 之前，应用现在分词完成式的被动形式，故填 having been launched。 2. permitting 句意：天气允许的话，聚会将在花园举行。句中主语 weather 和 The party 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构。主语 weather 和 permit 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填 permitting。 3. having 句意：蝙蝠是寿命出乎意料长的生物，其中一些寿命可达大约 20 年。句中主语 some 和 Bats 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构。主语 some 和 have 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填 having。 4. following 句中主语 Sally 和 a dog 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 a dog 和 follow 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。 5. being 句中主语 we 和 nothing 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；there be 表示一种存在状态，没有被动形式，因此用 being。 6. having been put 句中主语 no one 和 The man 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 The man 和 put 之间是被动关系，而且分词 put 的动作发生在谓语动词 recognized 动作之前，所以应该用现在分词完成式的被动形式，故填 having been put。 7. parked 句中主语 they 和 Cars 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 Cars 和 park 之间是被动关系，并不强调动作正在进行，所以用过去分词形式。 8. being 句中主语 they 和 The weather 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构，所以用 be 动词的现在分词形式。 9. having taken 句中主语 the meeting 和 Everyone 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 Everyone 和 take their seats 之间是主动关系，且要强调已经就座后会议才开始，故填人 having taken。 10. closed 句中主语 The old man 和 his eyes 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 his eyes 与 close 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。 11. to be worked 句中主语 They 和 the details 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 the details 和 work out 之间是被动关系，而且该动作发生在谓语动词 reach 动作之后，表示将要发生的事情，所以用不定式的被动语态。 12. settled 句中主语 they 和 The problem 不一致，由此确定是独立主格结构；逻辑主语 The problem 和 settle 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 [语篇导读]文章向我们介绍了作者对校园暴力的看法。 1. showing 句中主语 Students 与 parents and teachers 不一致，由此是独立主格结构。逻辑主语 Students 和 show 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。 2. society 空处与前面的 the whole 一起作宾语从句中的主语，应填所给词的名词形式 society。 3. which 分析句子成分可知，本句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为 a hot issue，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 4. to prevent 不定式作目的状语。 5. be guaranteed 逻辑主语 their personal safety 与 guarantee 之间是被动关系，故填 be guaranteed。 6. what 空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，故填 what。 7. the on the Internet 是固定搭配，故用定冠词 the。 8. with with 表示方式，意为“用”。 9. more 由语境可知，以暴制暴只会产生更多的暴力。 10. himself behave oneself 为固定搭配，意为“表现良好，行为良好”。 Passage 2 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食用大闸蟹的相关情况。 1. the 句意：然后我爱上了大闸蟹，这是中国最受青睐的菜肴之一。根据句意，结合空前的 one of 和空后的 the most prized 可知，此处使用了形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词 the。 2. from 句意：大闸蟹只在秋季供应，从 9 月下旬到 10 月初开始上市，到 11 月左右结束。from... to... 意为“从……到……”，是固定搭配，故填 from。 3. ending 根据句意，结合空前的 and 可知，3. ______ around November 和 starting from late September to early October 是并列关系，因此也应用所给动词的现在分词形式，故填 ending。 4. sweetness 句意：大闸蟹的肉以其甘甜而闻名。空处作介词 for 的宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词 its 修饰，应用所给词的名词形式，故填 sweetness，是不可数名词。 5. than 根据语境尤其是空前的 more 可知，此处指雌蟹比雄蟹更受青睐，故填 than。 6. to taste be believed to do sth 意为“被认为做某事”，是固定搭配。此处指人们认为雌蟹尝起来更甘甜，故填 to taste。 7. is 句意：传统的大闸蟹的做法很简单——把螃蟹蒸熟，然后蘸调味汁吃。此处是陈述一般性事实，结合破折号后的 are 可知，应用一般现在时。主语是 the recipe for hairy crabs，谓语用单数，故填 is。 8. excellently 根据语境可知，此处指大闸蟹与黄酒非常适配。空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰动词 pair，故填 excellently。 9. designed 句意：食用大闸蟹要用到八种不同的工具，每一种都是为特定的部位设计的。分析句子成分可知，each 9. ______ for specific parts 是独立主格结构，空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式。逻辑主语 each 与 design 之间构成被动关系，故填过去分词 designed。 10. how 句意：当你在吃大闸蟹的时候处理掉了不能吃的部位，你会惊讶地发现大闸蟹是多么美味。根据句意，结合空后的 great hairy crabs 可知，空处应表示“多么”，起感叹作用，放在形容词 great 之前，以强调大闸蟹是多么美味，故填 how。 语法专题 10 定语从句 一、单句填空 1. who 本句的主干是 Chinese cultural elements...add an international character,是主谓宾结构。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Tang Xianzu，指人。关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填 who。 2. who 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Timmiswood，指人。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。 3. that/which 根据语境可知，此处指他们以最赚钱的方式为商品定价。分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 way，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 4. that/which 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 place，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 5. whose 句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 woman。关系词在从句中作定语，和 hair colour 之间是所属关系，故填 whose。 6. as 句意：然而，正如 Rachel Carson 在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。根据句意可知，关系词有“正如”之意，应用关系代词 as 引导。 7. where 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Chicago。关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 8. that 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 species，且在从句中作主语。先行词被不定代词 all 修饰，只能用 that 引导，不能用 which。 9. who 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Cao Shengkang，指人。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。 10. that/who 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 academics（学者），指人。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that 或 who。 11. which/that 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a company，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which 或 that。 12. which 根据句子结构，Peter had fought all his life 是定语从句，修饰主语 The goals，从句谓语动词 fought 必须与介词 for 搭配，所以只能填 which。 13. who/that 分析句子成分可知，定语从句引导词 + would not have lived for long 修饰 little Helen，people all thought 是插入语。从句缺少主语，因此填 who 或 that。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代木结构建筑，简述其独特的特点。 1. traditionally 空处应使用所给词的副词形式，修饰谓语 have been built，故填 traditionally。 2. which/that 句意：中国木结构建筑有着独特的特点，这些特点自周朝以来几乎没有变化。分析句子成分可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 features，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which 或 that。 3. were constructed 句意：这些建筑建造得十分坚固，可以抵御自然灾害，并且更易于重建。空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据空后的 were easier to rebuild 可知，此处也应用一般过去时。主语 The buildings 和 construct 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 were constructed。 4. noticeable 空处应用所给词的形容词形式，修饰名词 feature，故填 noticeable，表示“显著的，显而易见的”。 5. it 句意：建筑师认为将木结构建筑上覆有悬挑式屋顶非常重要。分析句子成分可知，本句使用了固定结构“consider+it+adj. +to do sth”，意为“认为做某事是……的”，其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do sth，故填 it。 6. overhanging 根据句意可知，空处应用所给动词的现在分词形式作定语，修饰名词 roofs，表示“悬垂的，悬挂的”，故填 overhanging。 7. faster 句意：这是为了保护建筑免受风化，因为木材潮湿时损坏得更快。根据句意，结合空前的关键词 much 可知，此处表示损坏得更快，应使用所给副词的比较级形式，故填 faster. 8. and 句意：当庭院在北面建造较高的建筑，而在南面建造东西朝向的较矮的墙壁时，它可以吸纳最多的阳光 使建筑在冬季变得温暖。分析句意可知，taller buildings in the north and shorter walls facing east and west in the south之间是并列关系，一起作 with 的宾语，应使用表示并列关系的连词，故填 and。 9. to warm allow sb/sth to do sth 意为“允许某人/某物做某事”，是固定搭配，故填 to warm。 10. why 句意：这就是为什么主楼的门窗朝南，并向内庭院开放。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句。结合句意可知，此处表示原因，故填 why。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了希腊西海岸的一座绿色岛屿——莱夫卡斯岛。 1. fourth 句意：莱夫卡斯岛是爱奥尼亚群岛中的第四大岛。根据句意可知，此处应用所给数词的序数词形式，故填 fourth。 2. remains 分析句子成分可知，此处填的是句子的谓语动词。主语是 Lefkas，参考并列分句中的谓语 is not spoilt可知，此处也应使用动词的第三人称单数形式，故填remains。 3. in be rich in 是固定搭配，意为“富含……”，故填 in。 4. referring 分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词。主语 The name 与 refer 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填referring。 5. the 分析句子成分可知，此处应用定冠词，特指该岛的东海岸，故填 the。 6. villages 句意：在西侧，风景优美的村庄可以欣赏到下面一些最令人惊叹的海滩，其中许多海滩即使在盛夏也几乎无人造访。此处应用名词作主语，表示“村庄”，结合谓语 enjoy 可知，此处应使用名词的复数形式，故填 villages。 7. height 空前有定冠词 the，空后是介词 of，此处应用所给词的名词形式，故填 height。 8. has been rebuilt 分析句子成分可知，此处填的是句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 Since the earthquake in 1953 可知，应使用现在完成时。主语 Lefkas Town 和 rebuild 之间是被动关系，故填 has been rebuilt。 9. covered 分析句子成分可知，此处填的是 with 复合结构中的宾语补足语。宾语 houses 和 cover 之间是逻辑上 的被动关系，故填 covered。 10. where 分析句子成分可知，空处应填引导非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词是 the northern region of the island，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 语法专题 11 名词性从句 一、单句填空 1. whether/if 分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句，作 ask 的直接宾语。结合句意可知，此处应填表示“是否”含义的连词，故填 whether 或 if。 2. What 句意：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的景象。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导主语从句。从句中缺少主语，故填 What。 3. why 句意：令 Lily 的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句。结合句意可知，此处表示“朋友们不明白 Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法”，故填 why。 4. what 句意：为了使 Joseph 教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这项实验。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句，作 make 的宾语。从句中缺少 had said 的宾语，应用连接词 what。 5. why 分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句。从句中不缺少任何主干成分，结合语境可知，此处表示“这就是他们需要英语老师的原因”之意，故填 why。 6. what 分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句。表语从句中缺少 promote 的宾语，表示“那就是他们将要推广的东西”，故填 what。 7. that 句意：关于该温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句。从句中成分和句意均完整，故用 that 引导。 8. that 如果主句中含有 doubt，doubtful 并且主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词通常为 that。 9. that 分析句子成分可知，由于 consider 的宾语过长，在宾语后又有宾语补足语 necessary，所以用 it 作形式宾语，that 引导的宾语从句置于宾补后。 10. What 分析句子成分可知，该句是主系表结构，系动词 was 前都是主语，空缺部分引导主语从句，同时在从句中充当主语，故填 What。 11. when/whether 分析句子成分可知，为了避免句子头重脚轻，it 作形式主语，置于句首，真正的主语是空缺部分引导的主语从句。根据句意，可填 when 或 whether。 12. what 句意：诚实是一种品质，有了它，你与别人就能成功交流。连接词在表语从句中担当 takes 的宾语，故填what。 13. because 根据句意，此处需要填入一个表示原因的词，because 可以直接引导表语从句。 14. whether 分析句子成分可知，该句主干是 The question remains，空缺处必须引导同位语从句，解释说明主语 The question。为了避免头重脚轻，把同位语从句置于谓语后。根据句意，此处表示“是否”的意思，故填whether。 15. that that 引导同位语从句 all people are selfish，解释说明主语 idea。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了螺蛳粉。 1. walking 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 you和 walk 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词walking。 2. people’s 根据语境可知，此处指“辛辣酸爽的味道会刺激人们的食欲”，应用 people 的名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词 appetite，故填 people’s。 3. what 句意：螺蛳粉独特的鲜、酸、烫、辣的口感是现代人和年轻人的偏爱。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导表语从句，并在从句中作 prefer 的宾语，故填 what。 4. to suit 句意：食客还可以额外添加辣椒、新鲜绿色蔬菜或大蒜来满足自己的口味。空处应填所给动词的非谓 语形式。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，应使用所给动词的不定式形式，故填 to suit。 5. are used 句意：尽管螺蛳粉的中文名称中有“螺”这个字，但实际上真正的螺通常不会出现在这道菜肴中，而只是用来给汤调味。此处应填 but 连接的并列句中的谓语动词。根据前文中的 don’t 可知，此处应用一般现在时。根据句意可知，主语 actual snails 和 use 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 are used。 6. packaged 空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词 luosifen。luosifen 和 package 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应使用其过去分词形式，表示“包装好的螺蛳粉”，故填 packaged。 7. themselves 句意：有些人甚至自己做螺蛳粉火锅。根据句意可知，此处表示“他们自己”，应使用 they 的反身代词，故填 themselves。 8. a 句意：诚然，螺蛳粉已经成为那些追求正宗美食的爱好者们必尝的一道菜。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，应使用不定冠词。must-try 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 9. or 句意：无论你是在柳州的街头探索，还是在遥远的地方享受一碗螺蛳粉，螺蛳粉一定会给你的味蕾留下深刻的印象，给你带来真正难忘的美食体验。根据句意可知，此处使用了固定结构 whether...or...，意为“无论……还是……”，故填 or。 10. truly 空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰形容词unforgettable，故填 truly。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“立秋”。 1. traditional 空处应填所给词的形容词形式，修饰 solar calendar，故填 traditional，意为“传统的”。 2. were created 句意：二十四节气是数千年前为了指导农业生产而创建的。空处应填句子的谓语动词。根据时 间状语 thousands of years ago 可知，应用一般过去时。结合句意可知，主语 The solar terms 和 create 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 were created。 3. reflects 句意：立秋表明了夏天的结束和秋天的开始。空处应填句子的谓语动词。此处描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语 Start of Autumn 和 reflect 之间是主动关系，故填 reflects。 4. an 句意：虽然秋天刚刚开始，但炎热的天气不会天结束。come to an end 意为“结束”，是固定搭配，故填 an。 5. lasting 句意：“立秋”之后一段时期天气炎热，通常持续 30 天，被称为“秋老虎”。空处应填所给动词的非谓语形式。主语 The period of hot days 和 last 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词 lasting。 6. hotter 句意：由于降水减少，这段时间甚至比大暑时更热。根据句意，结合句中的关键词 than 可知，应使用形容词的比较级形式作 is 的表语，故填 hotter。 7. themselves 句意：在立秋的第一天，人们通常会称自己的体重，并将自己的体重与立夏时的体重进行比较。 根据句意，结合空后的关键信息 compare their weight 可知，此处指人们称自己的体重，应使用 them 的反身代词作 weigh 的宾语，故填 themselves。 8. what compare...to...意为“将……与……比较”，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句，作介词 to 的宾语。根据句意可知，此处用来比较的是具体的事物，表示“立夏时的体重”，应填连接词 what。 9. or 句意：如果在夏天期间体重有所下降，那么在秋天开始时，他或她需要多吃各种美味的食物，特别是肉类。根据句意，结合空后的 needs 可知，空处连接代词 he 和she，表示“或者”，故填连词 or。 10. members 分析句子成分可知，空处填入的词作句子的主语，结合空前的形容词 senior 可知，空处应填名词。member 为可数名词，空前没有限定词，此处表示复数概念，应使用其复数形式，故填 members。 语法专题 12 状语从句 一、单句填空 1. Although/Though 句意：虽然园艺有可能是艰难的体力工作，但是对于那些热爱园艺的人来讲，它却是心理上的放松。根据句意可知，“园艺是艰难的体力工作”与“对于热爱园艺的人而言，园艺工作是心理上的放松”之间是让步关系，故填连词 Although 或 Though。 2. so 句意：这分歧是如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故填 so。 3. If/When 句意：如果你骑自行车的话/当你骑自行车的时候，你是不用汽油的。分析句子成分可知，此处应填连词。根据句意可知，此处可以用 if 引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；也可以用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故填 If 或 When。 4. when/whenever 句意：在我看来，当我们有麻烦时/无论什么时候我们有麻烦，我们应该向我们最相信的人寻求帮助。分析句子成分可知，此处应填连词。根据句意可知，此处表示“当我们有麻烦”，或“无论什么时候我们有麻烦”，故填 when 或 whenever。 5. as so far as 引导状语从句，so far as I know 表示“据我所知”。 6. unless 句意：如果父母不来接，孩子们就不准离开幼儿园。后句是前句的条件，用 unless。 7. Now now that 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。 8. that in order that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……；目的是……”。 9. However 空格后是副词 hard，however 后可接副词，引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter how。 10. since 根据 How long 提问和答语判断是指一段时间，故用 since+时间点。 11. wherever/where 根据句意可知需填入表示地点状语的词。wherever 引导地点状语从句，意为“无论哪里”。或者直接用 where，相当于“在……地方”。 12. if only if 引导真实的条件状语从句，放在句首时，主句要倒装。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字敦煌展。 1. a 1. ______ UNESCO World Heritage site is the Mogao Grottoes 的同位语，指“联合国教科文组织的一处 世界遗产”，表泛指，应使用不定冠词。UNESCO 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 2. on on display 意为“在展出”，是固定搭配，故填 on。 3. that/which 分析句子成分可知，3. ______ are now closed 是定语从句，修饰先行词 those caves，指物。关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 4. covering 空处应使用所给动词的非谓语形式，The exhibition area 和 cover 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填covering。 5. Although/Though/While 句意：尽管敦煌真正的石窟不再对公众开放，但用数字手段修复的石窟能被永久保 存在数字空间中。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，此处应使用表示“虽然，尽管”含义的连词来连接两个句子，故填 Although 或 Though 或 While。 6. restored 此处应使用所给动词的非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词 grotto。grotto 与 restore 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词 restored。 7. has held 此处使用了固定句型“It is the first time that...”，从句应使用现在完成时。主语是 the Dunhuang Academy，故填 has held。 8. collection 空前有形容词 digital 修饰，空后是介词 of，空处应使用所给词的名词形式，故填 collection。 9. widely 此处应使用所给词的副词形式，修饰形容词available，故填 widely。 10. but not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，是固定结构，故填 but。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章结合在新墨西哥州的天然气井附近进行的一项研究发现，探讨了噪音对生态系统的影响。 1. ones 根据 fewer...than 可知，此处表示比较。结合句意“12 年前，在新墨西哥州的天然气井附近进行的一项研究中，研究人员发现，嘈杂场地的矮松幼苗数量比安静场地的矮松幼苗数量少 75%”可知，空处指代前文中的sites，表示安静的场地，故填代词 ones。 2. storing 句意：这很可能是由于噪音赶走了灌丛鸦，灌丛鸦在将松树种子储存起来以供冬季食用的过程中种下了成千上万颗松树种子。此处考查“while+分词”结构作状语，逻辑主语 which（指代前文的 the scrub jay）与 store之间存在主动关系，故填现在分词 storing。 3. over over time 意为“随着时间的流逝”，是固定搭配。此处指“加州理工学院的一个研究小组最近回到了这些场地，以查明矮松是否随着时间的推移而恢复”，故填over。 4. As/Because/Since 上文“公司更换了使用嘈杂的压缩机以帮助生产天然气的场地”与下文“一些以前嘈杂的场地变得安静了”之间是因果关系，故填 As 或 Because 或Since 来引导原因状语从句。 5. previously 空处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰形容词noisy，故填 previously，意为“先前”。 6. compared 句意：研究人员发现，与没有安装压缩机以加快气体提取速度的场地相比，这些地区的幼苗数量仍然更少。空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式，逻辑主语 these areas 与 compare 之间是被动关系，故填过去分词 compared。 7. were planted 句意：这表明，尽管噪音在播种矮松种子前就已经消除了，但种子仍然没有发芽。根据句意可知，seeds 与 plant 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。结合前面的 was removed 可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填were planted。 8. are growing 根据时间状语 at present 可知，此处谈论的是现在正在发生的事情，结合句意“目前，人类噪声污染的影响正在逐渐渗入到林地群落结构中”可知，应用现在进行时。主语中心词 effects 是复数名词，故填 are growing。 9. What 句意：我们现在看到的是，噪音的消失并不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示所看到的事情，故填 What。 10. disappearance 空处在 that 引导的表语从句中作主语，应使用所给词的名词形式，故填 disappearance。 语法专题 13 从句综合练 一、单句填空 1. What 句意：对兽医起作用的疗法似乎也可能对他的病患起作用。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导 主语从句。从句中缺少主语，故填 What。 2. how 分析句子成分可知，此处是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构”作宾语，表示“如何去感谢他”，故填 how。 3. whether 句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险很容易：我们进行学习。分析句子成分可知，空处应填连接词引导宾语从句。根据句意，结合空后的 or not 可知，此处考查 whether...or not 固定搭配，故填 whether。 4. that/which 句意：BMI 是一种国际公认的测量工具，可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 tool，指物。关系词在从句中作主语，故填that 或 which。 5. when 句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，我们中的许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a season。关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。 6. where 空处应填关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词stands。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 7. whether 由句末的 or not 可以推断空处应表示“是否”的意思，而且因为有 or not 所以只能用 whether，不能用 if。 8. What what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作 do 的宾语。 9. that 当主语是 reason 时，引导表语从句只能用 that。句中主语 it 指代 the reason。 10. that 分析句子成分可知，本句谓语动词是 distressed，空缺部分应为 that，引导同位语从句，补充说明announcement。 11. when 先行词是 occasions，意为“时机”，故选择表示时间的关系词 when。 12. which 介词后面只能用关系代词 which，which 指代先行词 its problems。 13. for for fear that 意为“以免”，引导目的状语从句。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文主要告诫人们要想成功就必须确立目标，而且只确立一个目标，然后将精力集中在这一个目标上，这才是成功的定律。 1. with 已有主语 People，名词 goals 不作主语或宾语，前面一定是填介词，以便作介词的宾语。表示“有”，用介词with。 2. where 在动词 know 后应为宾语从句，由 are going 可知，用表示地点的 where 引导。 3. The 形容词最高级前用定冠词 the，注意首字母要大写。 4. all 作 bend 的宾语，应为名词或代词；由语境可知，是将“全部”精力集中到一点，故用代词 all。 5. looking 在句中作伴随状语，且 look 和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。 6. that/which 分析句子成分可知，本句为定语从句。先行词为 the magic key，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that或 which。 7. attainment 在介词 towards 或者形容词性物主代词 its后，一定是用名词形式。 8. are focused 主语 resources 与 focus 之间是被动关系，且主句时态是一般现在时，故填 are focused。 9. more 此处有比较的含义，表示“更多的力量”，故用比较级。 10. unless 句意：太阳光并不能使东西燃烧起来，除非将其聚焦在一点上。根据句意可知，此处应填入表示“除非”的 unless 来引导条件状语从句。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京的建筑是古今各种不同风格的建筑的融合。 1. to be home to 意为“是……的所在地”，是固定搭配，故填 to。 2. that/which 此处应填定语从句的关系词，指代先行词a place，指物。关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或which。 3. is 此处应填句子的谓语动词。此处描述的是一般性事实，应使用一般现在时。主语中心词是 This integration，故填 is。 4. hidden 空处作定语，修饰名词 treasure，应用形容词形式，故填 hidden，意为“隐秘的；隐藏的”。 5. Remarkably 此处应使用所给词的副词形式作状语，修饰整个句子，故填 Remarkably。 6. though/although/while 句意：然而，尽管它们属于完全不同的时期，有完全不同的外观和用途，但它们同样都是这座城市的代表。根据句意可知，此处应使用表示“尽管”含义的连词，故填 though 或 although 或 while。 7. eras 空前有形容词 different 修饰，此处应使用所给名词的复数形式，故填 eras。 8. looking 句意：将两者结合在一起是一个很好的例子，展示了如何在尊重我们的历史并仍展望未来的情况下创造一个真正独特的城市景观。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，8. ______ to the future 和 respecting our history 为并列关系，空处也应使用动名词形式，故填 looking。 9. to protect be designed to do sth 意为“被设计来做某事”，是固定搭配，故填 to protect。 10. means 分析句子成分可知，The development of this city 是句子主语，which is carefully...the modern world 是 定语从句，此处填的是主句的谓语动词，there is always something new to discover here为省略了连接词 that 的宾语从句。时态用一般现在时，故填 means。 语法专题14 特殊句式 一、单句填空 1. asked 句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。分析句子成分可知，when 引导的时间状语从句中，主语为 he，且 ask 与 he 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态 be asked。状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有 be 动词形式，则从句中的"主语+be 动词"可以省略，故填 asked。 2. that 句意：正是由于这些电视厨师而不是任何广告宣传活动，英国人才开始放弃煮肉配两种蔬菜的传统餐食以及预先制作好的餐食，转而在烹饪习惯上变得更加大胆。分析句子成分，结合句意可知，本句是强调句型，强调的是 thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign，故填 that。 3. that 句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来，我们才看到在副驾驶座上的 Lily。分析句子成分，结合句意可知，本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语 only when the car pulled up in front of our house，故填 that。 4. hope 分析句子成分可知，此处为省略句，省略了主语I，原句为 And I hope this can inspire...，故本空填动词原形 hope。 5. that not... until 的强调句型结构：It is/was+ not until...+that+原句的剩余部分。 6. that 分析句子成分可知，本句为强调句型，强调状语with great joy。 7. was 强调句型的结构：It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+原句的剩余部分，所以 it 后面用单数 wa$