专题06 Unit 6 Disaster and hope-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦必修三“Disaster and hope”单元12个高考高频词汇，通过语境串记语篇、词根拆解联想、词性变化总表构建系统知识网络，以问题导向任务引导学生自主梳理词形、词义及搭配规律，形成层次分明的考点认知体系，提升语言理解与表达能力。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如“语境复现语法填空”融入真题改编题，“自我检测复述模板”帮助学生自主诊断词汇掌握情况，“写作词汇升级”活动培养思维品质与学习能力。教师可通过学生语篇默写、关联阅读答题情况精准指导，助力学生构建个性化知识体系，实现高效备考。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：occur / crisis / threaten / disaster / forecast / rescue / emergency / reliable / claim / erupt / property / shelter （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 6 · Disaster and hope + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Typhoons occur almost every summer on our coast, but last year's storm was different. The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency. As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams moved elderly people to safety and helped farmers protect their property. Thanks to the early warning and careful preparation, the disaster caused far less damage than anyone had expected. During the storm, our family stayed together in the school gymnasium, which served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families. Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right. A nearby volcano even began to show signs of activity, though it never erupted. Looking back, I realise that what really helped us through the crisis was not luck, but trust — trust in the people who warned us, rescued us and stood by us. 【中文译文】 在我们海岸，台风几乎每年夏天都会发生（occur），但去年那场风暴不同。天气预报（forecast）警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急（emergency）状态。当风暴威胁（threaten）整个城市时，救援（rescue）队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的财产（property）。多亏了提前预警和周密的准备，这场灾难（disaster）造成的损失远比任何人预期的要小。 风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时庇护所（shelter）。有些人声称（claim）天气预报并不总是可靠（reliable）的，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有喷发（erupt）。回想起来，我意识到真正帮助我们度过危机（crisis）的不是运气，而是信任——对那些警告我们、救援我们并陪伴我们的人的信任。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：台风几乎每年发生→天气预报发出警告→宣布紧急状态→风暴威胁全城→救援队转移老人→保护农民财产→灾难损失低于预期→全家暂居学校体育馆→临时庇护所→有人声称预报不可靠→这次完全正确→附近火山现活动迹象→未喷发→度过危机靠信任 记忆链：occur → forecast → emergency → threatened → rescue → property → disaster → shelter → claimed → reliable → erupted → crisis Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想到 ⚡考点：occur to sb. 某人想到；It occurs to sb. that 某人想到；occurrence n. 发生；事件 2 crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头 ⚡考点：economic crisis 经济危机；a crisis in 在…方面的危机；复数crises；in crisis 处于危机中 3 threaten /ˈθretn/ vt. 威胁，恐吓；预示（危险） ⚡考点：threaten to do 威胁要做；be threatened by 受…威胁；threat n. 威胁 4 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底的失败 ⚡考点：natural disaster 自然灾害；a disaster for 对…的灾难；disastrous adj. 灾难性的 5 forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ n. 预报，预测 vt. 预报，预测 ⚡考点：weather forecast 天气预报；forecast that 预测；过去式/分词forecast/forecasted 6 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援，营救 vt. 营救 ⚡考点：rescue team 救援队；come to one's rescue 来救某人；rescue sb. from 从…救出 7 emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，突发事件 ⚡考点：in an emergency 在紧急情况下；emergency room 急诊室；emergency exit 紧急出口 8 reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 ⚡考点：a reliable source 可靠的消息来源；be reliable 可靠；rely on 依赖；reliability n. 可靠性 9 claim /kleɪm/ vt. 声称；要求；索取 n. 声称；索赔 ⚡考点：claim that 声称；claim to be 自称是；make a claim 提出索赔；claim one's luggage 认领行李 10 erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi. （火山）喷发；（暴力、冲突）爆发 ⚡考点：erupt violently 猛烈喷发；eruption n. 喷发；爆发 11 property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产，资产；房产；性质 ⚡考点：personal property 个人财产；property prices 房产价格；the properties of 的性质 12 shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所，避难处；遮蔽 vt. 庇护 ⚡考点：take shelter from 躲避；a temporary shelter 临时避难所；shelter sb. from 保护某人免受 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想到 【核心考点】 occur是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词，本单元Disaster and hope的核心词。用法要点：①发生——occur + 时间/地点状语（Accidents often occur on this road）；②出现，存在——This problem occurs in many families；③occur to sb.（某人想到）——A good idea occurred to me；④It occurs to sb. that...（某人突然想到…）——It occurred to me that I had left the door open。派生词：occurrence n. 发生；事件→ a common occurrence（常见的事）。辨析：occur（正式"发生"，也指"被想到"）vs happen（发生，最常用）vs take place（发生，举行，无偶然性）vs break out（爆发，战争/火灾）。注意occur的过去式occurred双写r，是拼写易错点。 【词根联想】 oc-（=ob-，towards，向）+ cur（拉丁语currere"跑"）+ -r→ 跑到面前来→ 发生；出现。联想：cur"跑"→ occur（跑到面前→发生）、current（流动的；当前的）、currency（货币→流通）、recur（复发→再跑来）、course（进程→奔跑的路）。记住：oc + cur = 跑到眼前。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：occur to sb.表示"（主意、想法）被某人想到"，如It never occurred to me to ask for help（我从未想到要寻求帮助）。此义中occur主语为想法，是高考高频考点。 【真题原句】 （2025·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读·occurred 一般过去时作谓语）"Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well."（类似的运动在20世纪60年代末和70年代的澳大利亚也同样发生了。）（真题原句·occur 发生） 【搭配词块】 occur to sb. 某人想到 / It occurs to sb. that 某人想到 / a common occurrence 常见的事 / occurrence n. 发生 2. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头 【核心考点】 crisis是新闻与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①危机——economic/political crisis（经济/政治危机）、an energy crisis（能源危机）、a crisis in education（教育危机）；②危急关头——in crisis（处于危机中）、face a crisis（面临危机）、overcome a crisis（克服危机）。复数形式是高考易错点：crisis—crises（不以s直接加es，而是is变es，与basis—bases同族）。辨析：crisis（重大危机）vs emergency（突发事件，紧急情况）vs danger（危险）vs difficulty（困难）。写作金句：A crisis can bring out the best in people。 【词根联想】 希腊语krisis"判断，决定"（源自krinein"判断"）→ 需要作出决定的紧要关头→ 危机。联想：krin"判断"→ crisis（需要判断的关头→危机）、critic（评论家→下判断的人）、critical（关键的；批评的）、criticism（批评）。记住：crisis是"需要决断的关头"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：crisis还可指"（疾病发展的）转折点，危急期"，如The patient passed the crisis at dawn（病人在黎明时度过了危险期）。此义在医疗类语篇中可见。 【真题原句】 （2021·北京卷·阅读C·crises 名词复数，义"危机"）"The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations."（在全球技术最先进的国家仍面临未受控制的疫情与经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众正视不可想象之事显得尤为切题。）（真题原句·crisis 危机） 【搭配词块】 economic crisis 经济危机 / in crisis 处于危机中 / face a crisis 面临危机 / 复数crises 3. threaten /ˈθretn/ vt. 威胁，恐吓；预示（危险） 【核心考点】 threaten是新闻与环保类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①威胁，恐吓——threaten sb.（威胁某人）、threaten to do sth.（威胁要做某事）；②威胁到（生命、安全等）——Rising sea levels threaten the coastal towns；③预示（危险）——Black clouds threatened rain。名词threat（威胁）是语法填空考点：a threat to（对…的威胁）、pose a threat to（对…构成威胁）、under threat（受到威胁）。派生词：threatening adj. 威胁的；有危险的。辨析：threaten（威胁，危险迫近）vs warn（警告，提醒）vs intimidate（恐吓，胁迫）。 【词根联想】 古英语threat"威胁，强迫"→ threaten"威胁"。联想：threat（威胁）、threaten（威胁）、threatening（威胁的）、thread（线；贯穿→与threat同源）。记住：threat + en = 使之构成威胁。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：threaten还可表示"（坏事）将要发生，逼近"，如The volcano threatens to erupt at any moment（火山随时可能喷发）。此义中threaten to do表示"可能要发生"，新闻语篇中高频。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·threatening 现在分词作定语）"Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones."（飞机向具有威胁性的风暴云团播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在长成危险冰雹之前以雨的形式降落。）（真题原句·threaten 威胁） 【搭配词块】 threaten to do 威胁要做 / be threatened by 受…威胁 / a threat to 对…的威胁 / under threat 受到威胁 4. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底的失败 【核心考点】 disaster是本单元Disaster and hope的主题词，也是新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①灾难，灾害——a natural disaster（自然灾害）、the disaster struck/hit（灾难袭击）；②彻底的失败——The party was a disaster（聚会糟透了）。派生词：disastrous adj. 灾难性的→ disastrous consequences（灾难性后果）；disastrously adv. 灾难性地。辨析：disaster（大范围的灾难）vs catastrophe（大灾难，程度更重）vs tragedy（悲剧）vs misfortune（不幸，个人遭遇）。写作金句：Natural disasters remind us how small we are, and how strong we can be together。 【词根联想】 意大利语disastro"厄运"（dis-否定+astro星→星象不利）→ 星象不好带来的厄运→ 灾难。联想：astro"星"→ disaster（星象不利→灾难）、astronaut（宇航员→星海航行的人）、astronomy（天文学）、star（星星）。记住：dis + aster = 星象不佳。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：disaster还可口语化表示"彻底的失败，糟透的事"，如The school play was a complete disaster（学校的演出完全搞砸了）。此义中disaster偏口语调侃，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Thanks to the early warning and careful preparation, the disaster caused far less damage than anyone had expected."（多亏了提前预警和周密的准备，这场灾难造成的损失远比任何人预期的要小。）（经典原句·disaster 灾难） 【搭配词块】 a natural disaster 自然灾害 / disaster strikes 灾难来袭 / a complete disaster 彻底的失败 / disastrous adj. 灾难性的 5. forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ n. 预报，预测 vt. 预报，预测 【核心考点】 forecast是新闻与气象类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①天气预报——the weather forecast（天气预报）；②（经济等的）预测——an economic forecast。动词用法：forecast the weather（预报天气）、forecast that...（预测…）。动词变化：过去式和过去分词可写作forecast或forecasted，两种皆可，但forecast更常用，这是易错点。辨析：forecast（预报，预测天气/经济）vs predict（预测，预言）vs foresee（预见）vs anticipate（预期）。写作金句：The weather forecast warned that a typhoon was approaching。 【词根联想】 fore-（=before，在前）+ cast（投掷，计算）→ 提前计算出来→ 预报。联想：fore-"前"→ forecast（提前计算→预报）、forehead（前额）、foretell（预言→提前说）、forward（向前）；cast（投掷；计算）。记住：fore + cast = 提前抛出预测。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：forecast作动词还可表示"（根据数据）预测，预估"，如Economists forecast a rise in prices（经济学家预测物价上涨）。此义中forecast的主语常为机构或专家。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency."（天气预报警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急状态。）（经典原句·forecast 预报） 【搭配词块】 the weather forecast 天气预报 / forecast that 预测 / an economic forecast 经济预测 / 过去式forecast/forecasted 6. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援，营救 vt. 营救 【核心考点】 rescue是新闻与应急类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①救援——a rescue team（救援队）、come to one's rescue（来救某人）、a rescue operation（营救行动）；②rescue workers（救援人员）。动词用法：rescue sb. from（从…中救出某人）——Firefighters rescued the child from the burning house。辨析：rescue（紧急营救，救出）vs save（救，最普通）vs recover（找回）vs release（释放）。写作金句：Rescue teams arrived within hours of the flood。 【词根联想】 拉丁语re-（=back，回）+ excutere"驱赶出去"（ex-出+quatere摇）→ 把摇晃着的人拉回来→ 营救。联想：rescue（拉回→营救）、rescuer（营救者）、quash（镇压→摇晃压制）。记住：re + scue = 把人拉回来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rescue还可作形容词"救援的，营救的"，如a rescue dog（搜救犬）、a rescue boat（救生艇）。此义中rescue作定语，名词修饰名词，阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams moved elderly people to safety and helped farmers protect their property."（当风暴威胁整个城市时，救援队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的财产。）（经典原句·rescue 救援） 【搭配词块】 a rescue team 救援队 / come to one's rescue 来救某人 / rescue sb. from 从…中救出 / a rescue operation 营救行动 7. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，突发事件 【核心考点】 emergency是新闻与应急类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①紧急情况——in an emergency（在紧急情况下）、a state of emergency（紧急状态）、declare a state of emergency（宣布进入紧急状态）；②作定语——an emergency exit（紧急出口）、the emergency room（急诊室）、emergency supplies（应急物资）。派生词：emerge v. 出现→ emerge from（从…出现）；emergency与emerge同根。辨析：emergency（突发事件，需立即处理）vs crisis（危机，长期重大问题）vs urgency（紧迫性）。写作金句：In an emergency, stay calm and call for help。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ merg（拉丁语mergere"浸入，沉没"）+ -ency（名词后缀）→ 从水下浮出、突然冒出来的情况→ 紧急情况。联想：merg"沉没"→ emerge（浮现→从水中冒出）、emergency（突然冒出的事→紧急情况）、submerge（淹没→沉入水下）、immerge（浸入）。记住：e + merge = 突然浮出水面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：emergency还可作形容词"应急的，紧急的"，如emergency measures（应急措施）、emergency contact（紧急联系人）。此义中emergency作定语，应用文中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency."（天气预报警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急状态。）（经典原句·emergency 紧急情况） 【搭配词块】 in an emergency 在紧急情况下 / a state of emergency 紧急状态 / the emergency room 急诊室 / emergency exit 紧急出口 8. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 【核心考点】 reliable是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①可靠的（人）——a reliable friend（可靠的朋友）；②可信赖的（信息、来源）——a reliable source（可靠的消息来源）、reliable information（可靠信息）；③（机器等）性能可靠的。副词reliably（可靠地）。动词rely是语法填空考点：rely on/upon（依赖，信任）——rely on sb. for help。派生词：reliability n. 可靠性；unreliable adj. 不可靠的。辨析：reliable（可靠可信）vs dependable（可依靠的）vs trustworthy（值得信赖的）vs responsible（负责任的）。写作金句：Reliable information is the first line of defence against disaster。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ li（拉丁语ligare"捆绑"）+ -able（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 能捆绑回来、靠得住的→ 可靠的。联想：li"捆绑"→ rely（倚靠→捆绑其上）、reliable（可倚靠的→可靠）、reliance（依赖）、ally（同盟→捆绑在一起）、oblige（使有义务→捆绑）。记住：re + li + able = 靠得住的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reliable还可表示"（机器、系统）性能稳定的"，如a reliable car（性能可靠的汽车）。此义在科技与生活类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right."（有些人声称天气预报并不总是可靠，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。）（经典原句·reliable 可靠的） 【搭配词块】 a reliable source 可靠的消息来源 / reliable information 可靠信息 / rely on 依赖 / reliability n. 可靠性 9. claim /kleɪm/ vt. 声称；要求；索取 n. 声称；索赔 【核心考点】 claim是新闻与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①声称——claim that...（声称…）、claim to be（自称是）；②索取，要求——claim one's luggage（认领行李）、claim compensation（索赔）；③（灾难、疾病）夺走（生命）——The earthquake claimed thousands of lives。名词用法：make a claim（提出索赔/声称）、a claim for damages（损害赔偿要求）。辨析：claim（声称，宣称，不一定有证据）vs declare（宣布，正式）vs announce（公布，通知）vs state（陈述）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语clamare"喊叫"→ clamare的名词clamor"喊声"→ 英语claim"大声要求"→ 声称。联想：clam"喊"→ claim（喊出来→声称）、exclaim（呼喊→向外喊）、proclaim（宣告→向前喊）、clamour（喧嚷）。记住：claim是"大声喊出自己的主张"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：claim还可表示"（事故、疾病）夺走（生命）"，如The flood claimed over a hundred lives（洪水夺走了一百多条生命）。此义常见于新闻语篇，主语为灾难。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right."（有些人声称天气预报并不总是可靠，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。）（经典原句·claim 声称） 【搭配词块】 claim that 声称 / claim to be 自称是 / make a claim 提出索赔 / claim one's luggage 认领行李 10. erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi. （火山）喷发；（暴力、冲突）爆发 【核心考点】 erupt是地理与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①（火山）喷发——The volcano erupted violently（火山猛烈喷发）；②（暴力、冲突、战争）爆发——Violence erupted in the streets（街头爆发暴力冲突）；③（笑声、掌声）突然爆发——The audience erupted in laughter。派生词：eruption n. 喷发；爆发→ a volcanic eruption（火山喷发）。辨析：erupt（火山喷发/冲突爆发）vs burst（爆裂，突然发生）vs explode（爆炸）vs break out（爆发，战争/火灾）。写作金句：The volcano had been quiet for years before it erupted。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ rupt（拉丁语rumpere"打破"）→ 破土而出→ 喷发；爆发。联想：rupt"打破"→ erupt（破出→喷发）、eruption（喷发）、interrupt（打断→从中破入）、corrupt（腐败→彻底破坏）、bankrupt（破产→凳条断裂）。记住：e + rupt = 破土喷出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：erupt还可表示"（情绪、欢呼声）突然爆发"，如The crowd erupted in cheers（人群爆发出欢呼）。此义中erupt in/into连用，新闻与描写类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A nearby volcano even began to show signs of activity, though it never erupted."（附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有喷发。）（经典原句·erupt 喷发） 【搭配词块】 erupt violently 猛烈喷发 / a volcanic eruption 火山喷发 / erupt in laughter 爆发出笑声 / break out 爆发 11. property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产，资产；房产；性质 【核心考点】 property是新闻与法律类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①财产，资产——personal property（个人财产）、protect one's property（保护财产）、lost property（失物）；②房产——property prices（房价）、private property（私有房产）；③（物质的）性质，特性——the properties of water（水的性质）。辨析：property（财产/房产/性质）vs possession（占有物，个人物品）vs wealth（财富）vs belongings（随身物品）。写作金句：The storm destroyed houses and other property worth millions。 【词根联想】 拉丁语proprius"自己的，特有的"→ proprietas"所有权"→ 属于自己的东西→ 财产。联想：propri"自己的"→ property（自己的东西→财产）、proper（恰当的→属于自己的）、appropriate（适当的；挪用）、ownership（所有权）。记住：propri + ety = 自己的东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：property还可表示"（物质的）特性，性质"，如Scientists study the chemical properties of the new material（科学家研究这种新材料的化学性质）。此义在科普类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams helped farmers move their animals and protect their property."（当风暴威胁整个城市时，救援队帮助农民转移牲畜、保护他们的财产。）（经典原句·property 财产） 【搭配词块】 personal property 个人财产 / property prices 房价 / protect one's property 保护财产 / the properties of …的性质 12. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所，避难处；遮蔽 vt. 庇护 【核心考点】 shelter是应急与生活类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①庇护所，避难处——a temporary shelter（临时避难所）、take shelter from（躲避…）；②遮蔽——shelter from the rain（避雨）。动词用法：①庇护，保护——shelter sb. from（保护某人免受）；②躲避——shelter from the storm（躲避风暴）。辨析：shelter（庇护所/躲避）vs refuge（避难所，正式）vs protection（保护）vs cover（遮盖物）。写作金句：The school gymnasium served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families。 【词根联想】 可能源自中古英语sheltron"盾阵"（与shield盾牌相关）→ 像盾牌一样挡住风雨的地方→ 庇护所。联想：shelter（盾牌般的遮蔽→庇护所）、shield（盾牌；保护）、shelf（架子→托住）。记住：shelter是"像盾牌一样挡住风雨"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：shelter还可作动词"（使）躲避"，如We sheltered under a tree during the storm（风暴中我们躲在一棵树下）。此义中shelter不及物，与take shelter同义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"During the storm, our family stayed together in the school gymnasium, which served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families."（风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时避难所。）（经典原句·shelter 庇护所） 【搭配词块】 take shelter from 躲避 / a temporary shelter 临时避难所 / shelter sb. from 保护某人免受 / shelter from the storm 躲避风暴 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 occur occurrence (n.) occurred (v.) occurring (v.) occur to sb. / a common occurrence crisis crises (n.pl.) critical (adj.) --- economic crisis / in crisis threaten threat (n.) threatening (adj.) threatened (adj.) threaten to do / a threat to disaster disastrous (adj.) disastrously (adv.) --- a natural disaster / disastrous forecast forecast/forecasted (v.) forecasting (n.) --- the weather forecast / forecast that rescue rescuer (n.) rescued (v.) rescuing (v.) a rescue team / rescue sb. from emergency emerge (v.) emergent (adj.) emergencies (n.pl.) in an emergency / emergency room reliable rely (v.) reliability (n.) unreliable (adj.) a reliable source / rely on claim claimed (v.) claiming (v.) claims (n.pl.) claim that / make a claim erupt eruption (n.) erupted (v.) erupting (v.) erupt violently / a volcanic eruption property properties (n.pl.) proper (adj.) proprietary (adj.) personal property / property prices shelter sheltered (adj.) sheltering (v.) --- take shelter from / a temporary shelter Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2025全国Ⅰ卷·阅读·改编）Similar campaigns ____________ (occurring) in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 2.（2021北京卷·阅读C·改编）The call for action is especially important in this moment of pandemic and economic ____________ (crisis), which have affected millions of families. 3.（2024新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编）Airplanes seed ____________ (threatened) storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The typhoon was the worst ____________ (disastrous) to hit the coastal town in fifty years. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The weather ____________ (forecasting) warned that a strong typhoon was approaching. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The ____________ (rescuing) team arrived within hours of the flood. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）In an ____________ (emerging), call this number for help immediately. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The weather forecast is not always ____________ (reliability), so prepare for anything. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Scientists ____________ (claiming) that the volcano may erupt again within the year. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The mountain ____________ (eruption) suddenly, sending thick ash high into the sky. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The storm destroyed houses and other private ____________ (property) in the coastal town. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The villagers built a simple ____________ (sheltering) from branches and leaves. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The rising sea levels ____________ (threat) the lives of millions of people living near the coast. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Strong earthquakes ____________ (occurrence) in this area from time to time. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）The villagers were told to ____________ (sheltering) in the school building during the storm. 【答案】 1. occurred 2. crises 3. threatening 4. disaster 5. forecast 6. rescue 7. emergency 8. reliable 9. claim 10. erupted 11. properties 12. shelter 13. threaten 14. occur 15. shelter 【逐题解析】 1. occurred — 提示词occurring为动名词，句子描述过去事件，用一般过去时occurred。 2. crises — 提示词crisis为单数，economic crisis与pandemic并列且谓语have affected复数，须用复数crises。 3. threatening — 提示词threatened为过去分词，作定语修饰storm cells须用现在分词threatening。 4. disaster — 提示词disastrous为形容词，形容词worst后须接名词，the worst disaster意为"最严重的灾难"。 5. forecast — 提示词forecasting为动名词，定冠词the后须接名词，the weather forecast意为"天气预报"。 6. rescue — 提示词rescuing为动名词，定冠词the后须接名词，the rescue team意为"救援队"。 7. emergency — 提示词emerging为动名词，in an emergency为固定搭配，须用名词emergency。 8. reliable — 提示词reliability为名词，系动词is后须用形容词作表语，be reliable意为"可靠"。 9. claim — 提示词claiming为动名词，主语Scientists与claim为主动关系，一般现在时用动词原形。 10. erupted — 提示词eruption为名词，句子缺谓语，副词suddenly提示用一般过去时erupted。 11. properties — 提示词property为单数，private properties指"私人房产"，与houses并列须用复数。 12. shelter — 提示词sheltering为动名词，不定冠词a后须接名词单数shelter。 13. threaten — 提示词threat为名词，主语The rising sea levels与threaten为主动关系，一般现在时用动词原形。 14. occur — 提示词occurrence为名词，主语Strong earthquakes与occur为主动关系，一般现在时用动词原形。 15. shelter — 提示词sheltering为动名词，be told to do中to后须接动词原形shelter。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在我们海岸，台风几乎每年夏天都会____________（发生），但去年那场风暴不同。天气____________（预报）警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入____________（紧急状态）。 当风暴____________（威胁）整个城市时，____________（救援）队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的____________（财产）。这场____________（灾难）造成的损失远比预期的要小。 风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时____________（避难所）。有些人____________（声称）天气预报并不总是____________（可靠）的，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。 附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有____________（喷发）。真正帮助我们度过____________（危机）的不是运气，而是信任。 【答案】 occur; forecast; emergency; threatened; rescue; property; disaster; shelter; claimed; reliable; erupted; crisis Part 7 关联阅读 Last October, a powerful typhoon struck the small fishing town where my grandmother lives. The weather forecast had warned about the storm for three days, and the government issued an emergency warning, telling everyone to stay indoors and move their boats to safer places. When the typhoon finally hit, it threatened every house along the coast, and the sea rose so high that water rushed into the streets. For one terrible night, it seemed that no disaster in the town's history had ever been so frightening, and the wind howled like a wild animal outside our windows. My grandmother later told me that she had never prayed so hard in all her long life. The rescue teams began their work before dawn. Boats moved through the flooded streets, carrying families to the school building, which had been turned into a temporary shelter for the whole town. My grandmother refused to leave her home at first, insisting that the reports were not reliable, but my father persuaded her just in time. By morning, the water had begun to fall, and we learned that the typhoon had claimed no lives in the town. Hundreds of people had lost their property, but every single person had been saved, which was more than anyone had dared to hope for the night before. The old fishing boats, too, were safely tied in the harbour by the time the sky finally cleared the next afternoon. In the weeks that followed, the whole town came together to rebuild. Volunteers from every neighbourhood helped clear the mud and repair the damaged roofs, and the government sent food, medicine and building materials. As winter approached, the mayor said that although such storms would occur again, the town would always recover, because its people never gave up. That was the real hope born from the crisis — the knowledge that no storm can break a community that stands together, and that hope itself is the strongest shelter of all. Looking at the newly rebuilt houses, I knew that he was absolutely right, and I have never forgotten his words. 1. What happened the night the typhoon hit the town? A. The sea rose and water rushed into the streets. B. All the houses were completely destroyed. C. The volcano erupted near the coast. D. The weather forecast was cancelled. 2. Why did the rescue teams take families to the school building? A. To teach them about the typhoon. B. To collect money for the town. C. To repair the broken roof. D. To keep them safe from the rising water. 3. What did the grandmother think of the weather reports at first? A. She thought they were always right. B. She did not believe they were reliable. C. She wanted to read them more carefully. D. She had helped write them herself. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Storms are becoming stronger every year. B. Government aid is enough to rebuild a town. C. A community that stands together can recover from disaster. D. Winter is the hardest season for fishing towns. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确描写台风夜的情景——"the sea rose so high that water rushed into the streets"，海水涨得如此之高，水涌入了街道，与A项The sea rose and water rushed into the streets完全对应，故选A。B项"所有房屋被彻底摧毁"、C项"火山喷发"、D项"预报被取消"在文中均未提及。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段交代救援行动——"Boats moved through the flooded streets, carrying families to the school building, which had been turned into a temporary shelter"，船只载着家人前往被改作临时避难所的学校建筑，目的是躲避不断上涨的洪水，与D项To keep them safe from the rising water吻合，故选D。A项"教台风知识"、B项"为小镇筹款"、C项"修补屋顶"均与原文不符。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段明确描写奶奶的态度——"my grandmother refused to leave her home at first, insisting that the reports were not reliable"，奶奶起初拒绝离家，坚称预报不可靠，与B项She did not believe they were reliable一致，故选B。A项"她认为总是正确"与原文相反；C、D两项无依据。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：末段点明主旨——"no storm can break a community that stands together"，结尾以镇长的话升华：这样的风暴还会再发生，但只要全镇团结一致就总能重建，真正的希望来自危机中凝聚的社区力量，与C项A community that stands together can recover from disaster吻合，故选C。A项"风暴逐年增强"、D项"冬天最难熬"均非主旨；B项"政府援助足以重建"与文中"the whole town came together"不符。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：occur, crisis, threaten, disaster, forecast, rescue, emergency, reliable, claim, erupt, property, shelter Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Strong earthquakes happen in this area from time to time. → Strong earthquakes ____________ in this area from time to time. 2. The town faced a serious situation when the river flooded its banks. → The town faced a serious ____________ when the river flooded its banks. 3. The rising sea is a danger to the homes of millions of coastal people. → The rising sea ____________ the homes of millions of coastal people. 4. The earthquake was the worst event of its kind in the region's history. → The earthquake was the worst natural ____________ in the region's history. 5. The weather report predicted that heavy rain would arrive by evening. → The weather ____________ predicted that heavy rain would arrive by evening. 6. Firefighters saved three children from the burning building. → Firefighters ____________ three children from the burning building. 7. In a sudden dangerous situation, call the police at once. → In an ____________, call the police at once. 8. The information from the weather station is always dependable. → The information from the weather station is always ____________. 9. He said that he had seen the whole accident with his own eyes. → He ____________ that he had seen the whole accident with his own eyes. 10. The volcano blew up suddenly, sending ash high into the sky. → The volcano ____________ suddenly, sending ash high into the sky. 11. The flood destroyed houses and other personal things worth millions. → The flood destroyed houses and other ____________ worth millions. 12. The refugees found a safe place in the school gymnasium during the storm. → The refugees found ____________ in the school gymnasium during the storm. 【答案】 1. occur 2. crisis 3. threatens 4. disaster 5. forecast 6. rescued 7. emergency 8. reliable 9. claimed 10. erupted 11. property 12. shelter Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：occur → forecast → emergency → threatened → rescue → property → disaster → shelter → claimed → reliable → erupted → crisis 复述模板（填空）： 台风几乎每年夏天都会____________（发生）；天气____________（预报）发出警告，政府宣布进入____________（紧急状态）；风暴____________（威胁）全城，____________（救援）队保护人们的____________（财产），这场____________（灾难）损失低于预期。 体育馆成为临时____________（避难所）；有人____________（声称）预报不可靠（reliable），但这次完全正确；附近火山未____________（喷发）；真正帮我们度过____________（危机）的是信任。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：occur; forecast; emergency; threatened; rescue; property; disaster; shelter; claimed; erupted; crisis 复述模板参考版本： Typhoons occur almost every summer on our coast, but last year's storm was different. The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency. As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams moved elderly people to safety and helped farmers protect their property, so the disaster caused far less damage than expected. During the storm, the school gymnasium served as a temporary shelter. Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right, and the nearby volcano never erupted. What helped us through the crisis was trust — trust in the people who warned us, rescued us and stood by us. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：occur / crisis / threaten / disaster / forecast / rescue / emergency / reliable / claim / erupt / property / shelter （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 6 · Disaster and hope + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Typhoons occur almost every summer on our coast, but last year's storm was different. The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency. As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams moved elderly people to safety and helped farmers protect their property. Thanks to the early warning and careful preparation, the disaster caused far less damage than anyone had expected. During the storm, our family stayed together in the school gymnasium, which served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families. Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right. A nearby volcano even began to show signs of activity, though it never erupted. Looking back, I realise that what really helped us through the crisis was not luck, but trust — trust in the people who warned us, rescued us and stood by us. 【中文译文】 在我们海岸，台风几乎每年夏天都会发生（occur），但去年那场风暴不同。天气预报（forecast）警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急（emergency）状态。当风暴威胁（threaten）整个城市时，救援（rescue）队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的财产（property）。多亏了提前预警和周密的准备，这场灾难（disaster）造成的损失远比任何人预期的要小。 风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时庇护所（shelter）。有些人声称（claim）天气预报并不总是可靠（reliable）的，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有喷发（erupt）。回想起来，我意识到真正帮助我们度过危机（crisis）的不是运气，而是信任——对那些警告我们、救援我们并陪伴我们的人的信任。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：台风几乎每年发生→天气预报发出警告→宣布紧急状态→风暴威胁全城→救援队转移老人→保护农民财产→灾难损失低于预期→全家暂居学校体育馆→临时庇护所→有人声称预报不可靠→这次完全正确→附近火山现活动迹象→未喷发→度过危机靠信任 记忆链：occur → forecast → emergency → threatened → rescue → property → disaster → shelter → claimed → reliable → erupted → crisis Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想到 ⚡考点：occur to sb. 某人想到；It occurs to sb. that 某人想到；occurrence n. 发生；事件 2 crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头 ⚡考点：economic crisis 经济危机；a crisis in 在…方面的危机；复数crises；in crisis 处于危机中 3 threaten /ˈθretn/ vt. 威胁，恐吓；预示（危险） ⚡考点：threaten to do 威胁要做；be threatened by 受…威胁；threat n. 威胁 4 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底的失败 ⚡考点：natural disaster 自然灾害；a disaster for 对…的灾难；disastrous adj. 灾难性的 5 forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ n. 预报，预测 vt. 预报，预测 ⚡考点：weather forecast 天气预报；forecast that 预测；过去式/分词forecast/forecasted 6 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援，营救 vt. 营救 ⚡考点：rescue team 救援队；come to one's rescue 来救某人；rescue sb. from 从…救出 7 emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，突发事件 ⚡考点：in an emergency 在紧急情况下；emergency room 急诊室；emergency exit 紧急出口 8 reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 ⚡考点：a reliable source 可靠的消息来源；be reliable 可靠；rely on 依赖；reliability n. 可靠性 9 claim /kleɪm/ vt. 声称；要求；索取 n. 声称；索赔 ⚡考点：claim that 声称；claim to be 自称是；make a claim 提出索赔；claim one's luggage 认领行李 10 erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi. （火山）喷发；（暴力、冲突）爆发 ⚡考点：erupt violently 猛烈喷发；eruption n. 喷发；爆发 11 property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产，资产；房产；性质 ⚡考点：personal property 个人财产；property prices 房产价格；the properties of 的性质 12 shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所，避难处；遮蔽 vt. 庇护 ⚡考点：take shelter from 躲避；a temporary shelter 临时避难所；shelter sb. from 保护某人免受 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ vi. 发生；出现；被想到 【核心考点】 occur是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词，本单元Disaster and hope的核心词。用法要点：①发生——occur + 时间/地点状语（Accidents often occur on this road）；②出现，存在——This problem occurs in many families；③occur to sb.（某人想到）——A good idea occurred to me；④It occurs to sb. that...（某人突然想到…）——It occurred to me that I had left the door open。派生词：occurrence n. 发生；事件→ a common occurrence（常见的事）。辨析：occur（正式"发生"，也指"被想到"）vs happen（发生，最常用）vs take place（发生，举行，无偶然性）vs break out（爆发，战争/火灾）。注意occur的过去式occurred双写r，是拼写易错点。 【词根联想】 oc-（=ob-，towards，向）+ cur（拉丁语currere"跑"）+ -r→ 跑到面前来→ 发生；出现。联想：cur"跑"→ occur（跑到面前→发生）、current（流动的；当前的）、currency（货币→流通）、recur（复发→再跑来）、course（进程→奔跑的路）。记住：oc + cur = 跑到眼前。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：occur to sb.表示"（主意、想法）被某人想到"，如It never occurred to me to ask for help（我从未想到要寻求帮助）。此义中occur主语为想法，是高考高频考点。 【真题原句】 （2025·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读·occurred 一般过去时作谓语）"Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well."（类似的运动在20世纪60年代末和70年代的澳大利亚也同样发生了。）（真题原句·occur 发生） 【搭配词块】 occur to sb. 某人想到 / It occurs to sb. that 某人想到 / a common occurrence 常见的事 / occurrence n. 发生 2. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危机；危急关头 【核心考点】 crisis是新闻与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①危机——economic/political crisis（经济/政治危机）、an energy crisis（能源危机）、a crisis in education（教育危机）；②危急关头——in crisis（处于危机中）、face a crisis（面临危机）、overcome a crisis（克服危机）。复数形式是高考易错点：crisis—crises（不以s直接加es，而是is变es，与basis—bases同族）。辨析：crisis（重大危机）vs emergency（突发事件，紧急情况）vs danger（危险）vs difficulty（困难）。写作金句：A crisis can bring out the best in people。 【词根联想】 希腊语krisis"判断，决定"（源自krinein"判断"）→ 需要作出决定的紧要关头→ 危机。联想：krin"判断"→ crisis（需要判断的关头→危机）、critic（评论家→下判断的人）、critical（关键的；批评的）、criticism（批评）。记住：crisis是"需要决断的关头"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：crisis还可指"（疾病发展的）转折点，危急期"，如The patient passed the crisis at dawn（病人在黎明时度过了危险期）。此义在医疗类语篇中可见。 【真题原句】 （2021·北京卷·阅读C·crises 名词复数，义"危机"）"The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations."（在全球技术最先进的国家仍面临未受控制的疫情与经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众正视不可想象之事显得尤为切题。）（真题原句·crisis 危机） 【搭配词块】 economic crisis 经济危机 / in crisis 处于危机中 / face a crisis 面临危机 / 复数crises 3. threaten /ˈθretn/ vt. 威胁，恐吓；预示（危险） 【核心考点】 threaten是新闻与环保类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①威胁，恐吓——threaten sb.（威胁某人）、threaten to do sth.（威胁要做某事）；②威胁到（生命、安全等）——Rising sea levels threaten the coastal towns；③预示（危险）——Black clouds threatened rain。名词threat（威胁）是语法填空考点：a threat to（对…的威胁）、pose a threat to（对…构成威胁）、under threat（受到威胁）。派生词：threatening adj. 威胁的；有危险的。辨析：threaten（威胁，危险迫近）vs warn（警告，提醒）vs intimidate（恐吓，胁迫）。 【词根联想】 古英语threat"威胁，强迫"→ threaten"威胁"。联想：threat（威胁）、threaten（威胁）、threatening（威胁的）、thread（线；贯穿→与threat同源）。记住：threat + en = 使之构成威胁。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：threaten还可表示"（坏事）将要发生，逼近"，如The volcano threatens to erupt at any moment（火山随时可能喷发）。此义中threaten to do表示"可能要发生"，新闻语篇中高频。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·threatening 现在分词作定语）"Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones."（飞机向具有威胁性的风暴云团播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在长成危险冰雹之前以雨的形式降落。）（真题原句·threaten 威胁） 【搭配词块】 threaten to do 威胁要做 / be threatened by 受…威胁 / a threat to 对…的威胁 / under threat 受到威胁 4. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底的失败 【核心考点】 disaster是本单元Disaster and hope的主题词，也是新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①灾难，灾害——a natural disaster（自然灾害）、the disaster struck/hit（灾难袭击）；②彻底的失败——The party was a disaster（聚会糟透了）。派生词：disastrous adj. 灾难性的→ disastrous consequences（灾难性后果）；disastrously adv. 灾难性地。辨析：disaster（大范围的灾难）vs catastrophe（大灾难，程度更重）vs tragedy（悲剧）vs misfortune（不幸，个人遭遇）。写作金句：Natural disasters remind us how small we are, and how strong we can be together。 【词根联想】 意大利语disastro"厄运"（dis-否定+astro星→星象不利）→ 星象不好带来的厄运→ 灾难。联想：astro"星"→ disaster（星象不利→灾难）、astronaut（宇航员→星海航行的人）、astronomy（天文学）、star（星星）。记住：dis + aster = 星象不佳。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：disaster还可口语化表示"彻底的失败，糟透的事"，如The school play was a complete disaster（学校的演出完全搞砸了）。此义中disaster偏口语调侃，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Thanks to the early warning and careful preparation, the disaster caused far less damage than anyone had expected."（多亏了提前预警和周密的准备，这场灾难造成的损失远比任何人预期的要小。）（经典原句·disaster 灾难） 【搭配词块】 a natural disaster 自然灾害 / disaster strikes 灾难来袭 / a complete disaster 彻底的失败 / disastrous adj. 灾难性的 5. forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ n. 预报，预测 vt. 预报，预测 【核心考点】 forecast是新闻与气象类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①天气预报——the weather forecast（天气预报）；②（经济等的）预测——an economic forecast。动词用法：forecast the weather（预报天气）、forecast that...（预测…）。动词变化：过去式和过去分词可写作forecast或forecasted，两种皆可，但forecast更常用，这是易错点。辨析：forecast（预报，预测天气/经济）vs predict（预测，预言）vs foresee（预见）vs anticipate（预期）。写作金句：The weather forecast warned that a typhoon was approaching。 【词根联想】 fore-（=before，在前）+ cast（投掷，计算）→ 提前计算出来→ 预报。联想：fore-"前"→ forecast（提前计算→预报）、forehead（前额）、foretell（预言→提前说）、forward（向前）；cast（投掷；计算）。记住：fore + cast = 提前抛出预测。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：forecast作动词还可表示"（根据数据）预测，预估"，如Economists forecast a rise in prices（经济学家预测物价上涨）。此义中forecast的主语常为机构或专家。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency."（天气预报警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急状态。）（经典原句·forecast 预报） 【搭配词块】 the weather forecast 天气预报 / forecast that 预测 / an economic forecast 经济预测 / 过去式forecast/forecasted 6. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援，营救 vt. 营救 【核心考点】 rescue是新闻与应急类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①救援——a rescue team（救援队）、come to one's rescue（来救某人）、a rescue operation（营救行动）；②rescue workers（救援人员）。动词用法：rescue sb. from（从…中救出某人）——Firefighters rescued the child from the burning house。辨析：rescue（紧急营救，救出）vs save（救，最普通）vs recover（找回）vs release（释放）。写作金句：Rescue teams arrived within hours of the flood。 【词根联想】 拉丁语re-（=back，回）+ excutere"驱赶出去"（ex-出+quatere摇）→ 把摇晃着的人拉回来→ 营救。联想：rescue（拉回→营救）、rescuer（营救者）、quash（镇压→摇晃压制）。记住：re + scue = 把人拉回来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rescue还可作形容词"救援的，营救的"，如a rescue dog（搜救犬）、a rescue boat（救生艇）。此义中rescue作定语，名词修饰名词，阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams moved elderly people to safety and helped farmers protect their property."（当风暴威胁整个城市时，救援队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的财产。）（经典原句·rescue 救援） 【搭配词块】 a rescue team 救援队 / come to one's rescue 来救某人 / rescue sb. from 从…中救出 / a rescue operation 营救行动 7. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况，突发事件 【核心考点】 emergency是新闻与应急类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①紧急情况——in an emergency（在紧急情况下）、a state of emergency（紧急状态）、declare a state of emergency（宣布进入紧急状态）；②作定语——an emergency exit（紧急出口）、the emergency room（急诊室）、emergency supplies（应急物资）。派生词：emerge v. 出现→ emerge from（从…出现）；emergency与emerge同根。辨析：emergency（突发事件，需立即处理）vs crisis（危机，长期重大问题）vs urgency（紧迫性）。写作金句：In an emergency, stay calm and call for help。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ merg（拉丁语mergere"浸入，沉没"）+ -ency（名词后缀）→ 从水下浮出、突然冒出来的情况→ 紧急情况。联想：merg"沉没"→ emerge（浮现→从水中冒出）、emergency（突然冒出的事→紧急情况）、submerge（淹没→沉入水下）、immerge（浸入）。记住：e + merge = 突然浮出水面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：emergency还可作形容词"应急的，紧急的"，如emergency measures（应急措施）、emergency contact（紧急联系人）。此义中emergency作定语，应用文中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The weather forecast warned that a powerful typhoon was approaching, and the government declared a state of emergency."（天气预报警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入紧急状态。）（经典原句·emergency 紧急情况） 【搭配词块】 in an emergency 在紧急情况下 / a state of emergency 紧急状态 / the emergency room 急诊室 / emergency exit 紧急出口 8. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 【核心考点】 reliable是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①可靠的（人）——a reliable friend（可靠的朋友）；②可信赖的（信息、来源）——a reliable source（可靠的消息来源）、reliable information（可靠信息）；③（机器等）性能可靠的。副词reliably（可靠地）。动词rely是语法填空考点：rely on/upon（依赖，信任）——rely on sb. for help。派生词：reliability n. 可靠性；unreliable adj. 不可靠的。辨析：reliable（可靠可信）vs dependable（可依靠的）vs trustworthy（值得信赖的）vs responsible（负责任的）。写作金句：Reliable information is the first line of defence against disaster。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ li（拉丁语ligare"捆绑"）+ -able（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 能捆绑回来、靠得住的→ 可靠的。联想：li"捆绑"→ rely（倚靠→捆绑其上）、reliable（可倚靠的→可靠）、reliance（依赖）、ally（同盟→捆绑在一起）、oblige（使有义务→捆绑）。记住：re + li + able = 靠得住的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reliable还可表示"（机器、系统）性能稳定的"，如a reliable car（性能可靠的汽车）。此义在科技与生活类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right."（有些人声称天气预报并不总是可靠，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。）（经典原句·reliable 可靠的） 【搭配词块】 a reliable source 可靠的消息来源 / reliable information 可靠信息 / rely on 依赖 / reliability n. 可靠性 9. claim /kleɪm/ vt. 声称；要求；索取 n. 声称；索赔 【核心考点】 claim是新闻与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①声称——claim that...（声称…）、claim to be（自称是）；②索取，要求——claim one's luggage（认领行李）、claim compensation（索赔）；③（灾难、疾病）夺走（生命）——The earthquake claimed thousands of lives。名词用法：make a claim（提出索赔/声称）、a claim for damages（损害赔偿要求）。辨析：claim（声称，宣称，不一定有证据）vs declare（宣布，正式）vs announce（公布，通知）vs state（陈述）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语clamare"喊叫"→ clamare的名词clamor"喊声"→ 英语claim"大声要求"→ 声称。联想：clam"喊"→ claim（喊出来→声称）、exclaim（呼喊→向外喊）、proclaim（宣告→向前喊）、clamour（喧嚷）。记住：claim是"大声喊出自己的主张"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：claim还可表示"（事故、疾病）夺走（生命）"，如The flood claimed over a hundred lives（洪水夺走了一百多条生命）。此义常见于新闻语篇，主语为灾难。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some people claimed that the weather reports were not always reliable, but this time they proved exactly right."（有些人声称天气预报并不总是可靠，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。）（经典原句·claim 声称） 【搭配词块】 claim that 声称 / claim to be 自称是 / make a claim 提出索赔 / claim one's luggage 认领行李 10. erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi. （火山）喷发；（暴力、冲突）爆发 【核心考点】 erupt是地理与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①（火山）喷发——The volcano erupted violently（火山猛烈喷发）；②（暴力、冲突、战争）爆发——Violence erupted in the streets（街头爆发暴力冲突）；③（笑声、掌声）突然爆发——The audience erupted in laughter。派生词：eruption n. 喷发；爆发→ a volcanic eruption（火山喷发）。辨析：erupt（火山喷发/冲突爆发）vs burst（爆裂，突然发生）vs explode（爆炸）vs break out（爆发，战争/火灾）。写作金句：The volcano had been quiet for years before it erupted。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ rupt（拉丁语rumpere"打破"）→ 破土而出→ 喷发；爆发。联想：rupt"打破"→ erupt（破出→喷发）、eruption（喷发）、interrupt（打断→从中破入）、corrupt（腐败→彻底破坏）、bankrupt（破产→凳条断裂）。记住：e + rupt = 破土喷出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：erupt还可表示"（情绪、欢呼声）突然爆发"，如The crowd erupted in cheers（人群爆发出欢呼）。此义中erupt in/into连用，新闻与描写类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A nearby volcano even began to show signs of activity, though it never erupted."（附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有喷发。）（经典原句·erupt 喷发） 【搭配词块】 erupt violently 猛烈喷发 / a volcanic eruption 火山喷发 / erupt in laughter 爆发出笑声 / break out 爆发 11. property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 财产，资产；房产；性质 【核心考点】 property是新闻与法律类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①财产，资产——personal property（个人财产）、protect one's property（保护财产）、lost property（失物）；②房产——property prices（房价）、private property（私有房产）；③（物质的）性质，特性——the properties of water（水的性质）。辨析：property（财产/房产/性质）vs possession（占有物，个人物品）vs wealth（财富）vs belongings（随身物品）。写作金句：The storm destroyed houses and other property worth millions。 【词根联想】 拉丁语proprius"自己的，特有的"→ proprietas"所有权"→ 属于自己的东西→ 财产。联想：propri"自己的"→ property（自己的东西→财产）、proper（恰当的→属于自己的）、appropriate（适当的；挪用）、ownership（所有权）。记住：propri + ety = 自己的东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：property还可表示"（物质的）特性，性质"，如Scientists study the chemical properties of the new material（科学家研究这种新材料的化学性质）。此义在科普类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the storm threatened the whole city, rescue teams helped farmers move their animals and protect their property."（当风暴威胁整个城市时，救援队帮助农民转移牲畜、保护他们的财产。）（经典原句·property 财产） 【搭配词块】 personal property 个人财产 / property prices 房价 / protect one's property 保护财产 / the properties of …的性质 12. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所，避难处；遮蔽 vt. 庇护 【核心考点】 shelter是应急与生活类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①庇护所，避难处——a temporary shelter（临时避难所）、take shelter from（躲避…）；②遮蔽——shelter from the rain（避雨）。动词用法：①庇护，保护——shelter sb. from（保护某人免受）；②躲避——shelter from the storm（躲避风暴）。辨析：shelter（庇护所/躲避）vs refuge（避难所，正式）vs protection（保护）vs cover（遮盖物）。写作金句：The school gymnasium served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families。 【词根联想】 可能源自中古英语sheltron"盾阵"（与shield盾牌相关）→ 像盾牌一样挡住风雨的地方→ 庇护所。联想：shelter（盾牌般的遮蔽→庇护所）、shield（盾牌；保护）、shelf（架子→托住）。记住：shelter是"像盾牌一样挡住风雨"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：shelter还可作动词"（使）躲避"，如We sheltered under a tree during the storm（风暴中我们躲在一棵树下）。此义中shelter不及物，与take shelter同义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"During the storm, our family stayed together in the school gymnasium, which served as a temporary shelter for hundreds of families."（风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时避难所。）（经典原句·shelter 庇护所） 【搭配词块】 take shelter from 躲避 / a temporary shelter 临时避难所 / shelter sb. from 保护某人免受 / shelter from the storm 躲避风暴 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 occur occurrence (n.) occurred (v.) occurring (v.) occur to sb. / a common occurrence crisis crises (n.pl.) critical (adj.) --- economic crisis / in crisis threaten threat (n.) threatening (adj.) threatened (adj.) threaten to do / a threat to disaster disastrous (adj.) disastrously (adv.) --- a natural disaster / disastrous forecast forecast/forecasted (v.) forecasting (n.) --- the weather forecast / forecast that rescue rescuer (n.) rescued (v.) rescuing (v.) a rescue team / rescue sb. from emergency emerge (v.) emergent (adj.) emergencies (n.pl.) in an emergency / emergency room reliable rely (v.) reliability (n.) unreliable (adj.) a reliable source / rely on claim claimed (v.) claiming (v.) claims (n.pl.) claim that / make a claim erupt eruption (n.) erupted (v.) erupting (v.) erupt violently / a volcanic eruption property properties (n.pl.) proper (adj.) proprietary (adj.) personal property / property prices shelter sheltered (adj.) sheltering (v.) --- take shelter from / a temporary shelter Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2025全国Ⅰ卷·阅读·改编）Similar campaigns ____________ (occurring) in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 2.（2021北京卷·阅读C·改编）The call for action is especially important in this moment of pandemic and economic ____________ (crisis), which have affected millions of families. 3.（2024新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编）Airplanes seed ____________ (threatened) storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The typhoon was the worst ____________ (disastrous) to hit the coastal town in fifty years. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The weather ____________ (forecasting) warned that a strong typhoon was approaching. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The ____________ (rescuing) team arrived within hours of the flood. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）In an ____________ (emerging), call this number for help immediately. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The weather forecast is not always ____________ (reliability), so prepare for anything. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Scientists ____________ (claiming) that the volcano may erupt again within the year. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The mountain ____________ (eruption) suddenly, sending thick ash high into the sky. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The storm destroyed houses and other private ____________ (property) in the coastal town. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The villagers built a simple ____________ (sheltering) from branches and leaves. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The rising sea levels ____________ (threat) the lives of millions of people living near the coast. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Strong earthquakes ____________ (occurrence) in this area from time to time. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）The villagers were told to ____________ (sheltering) in the school building during the storm. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在我们海岸，台风几乎每年夏天都会____________（发生），但去年那场风暴不同。天气____________（预报）警告一场强台风正在逼近，政府宣布进入____________（紧急状态）。 当风暴____________（威胁）整个城市时，____________（救援）队把老人转移到安全地带，并帮助农民保护他们的____________（财产）。这场____________（灾难）造成的损失远比预期的要小。 风暴期间，我们一家人待在学校的体育馆里，那里是数百个家庭的临时____________（避难所）。有些人____________（声称）天气预报并不总是____________（可靠）的，但这一次它们被证明完全正确。 附近的一座火山甚至开始显示出活动迹象，不过它始终没有____________（喷发）。真正帮助我们度过____________（危机）的不是运气，而是信任。 Part 7 关联阅读 Last October, a powerful typhoon struck the small fishing town where my grandmother lives. The weather forecast had warned about the storm for three days, and the government issued an emergency warning, telling everyone to stay indoors and move their boats to safer places. When the typhoon finally hit, it threatened every house along the coast, and the sea rose so high that water rushed into the streets. For one terrible night, it seemed that no disaster in the town's history had ever been so frightening, and the wind howled like a wild animal outside our windows. My grandmother later told me that she had never prayed so hard in all her long life. The rescue teams began their work before dawn. Boats moved through the flooded streets, carrying families to the school building, which had been turned into a temporary shelter for the whole town. My grandmother refused to leave her home at first, insisting that the reports were not reliable, but my father persuaded her just in time. By morning, the water had begun to fall, and we learned that the typhoon had claimed no lives in the town. Hundreds of people had lost their property, but every single person had been saved, which was more than anyone had dared to hope for the night before. The old fishing boats, too, were safely tied in the harbour by the time the sky finally cleared the next afternoon. In the weeks that followed, the whole town came together to rebuild. Volunteers from every neighbourhood helped clear the mud and repair the damaged roofs, and the government sent food, medicine and building materials. As winter approached, the mayor said that although such storms would occur again, the town would always recover, because its people never gave up. That was the real hope born from the crisis — the knowledge that no storm can break a community that stands together, and that hope itself is the strongest shelter of all. Looking at the newly rebuilt houses, I knew that he was absolutely right, and I have never forgotten his words. 1. What happened the night the typhoon hit the town? A. The sea rose and water rushed into the streets. B. All the houses were completely destroyed. C. The volcano erupted near the coast. D. The weather forecast was cancelled. 2. Why did the rescue teams take families to the school building? A. To teach them about the typhoon. B. To collect money for the town. C. To repair the broken roof. D. To keep them safe from the rising water. 3. What did the grandmother think of the weather reports at first? A. She thought they were always right. B. She did not believe they were reliable. C. She wanted to read them more carefully. D. She had helped write them herself. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Storms are becoming stronger every year. B. Government aid is enough to rebuild a town. C. A community that stands together can recover from disaster. D. Winter is the hardest season for fishing towns. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：occur, crisis, threaten, disaster, forecast, rescue, emergency, reliable, claim, erupt, property, shelter Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Strong earthquakes happen in this area from time to time. → Strong earthquakes ____________ in this area from time to time. 2. The town faced a serious situation when the river flooded its banks. → The town faced a serious ____________ when the river flooded its banks. 3. The rising sea is a danger to the homes of millions of coastal people. → The rising sea ____________ the homes of millions of coastal people. 4. The earthquake was the worst event of its kind in the region's history. → The earthquake was the worst natural ____________ in the region's history. 5. The weather report predicted that heavy rain would arrive by evening. → The weather ____________ predicted that heavy rain would arrive by evening. 6. Firefighters saved three children from the burning building. → Firefighters ____________ three children from the burning building. 7. In a sudden dangerous situation, call the police at once. → In an ____________, call the police at once. 8. The information from the weather station is always dependable. → The information from the weather station is always ____________. 9. He said that he had seen the whole accident with his own eyes. → He ____________ that he had seen the whole accident with his own eyes. 10. The volcano blew up suddenly, sending ash high into the sky. → The volcano ____________ suddenly, sending ash high into the sky. 11. The flood destroyed houses and other personal things worth millions. → The flood destroyed houses and other ____________ worth millions. 12. The refugees found a safe place in the school gymnasium during the storm. → The refugees found ____________ in the school gymnasium during the storm. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：occur → forecast → emergency → threatened → rescue → property → disaster → shelter → claimed → reliable → erupted → crisis 复述模板（填空）： 台风几乎每年夏天都会____________（发生）；天气____________（预报）发出警告，政府宣布进入____________（紧急状态）；风暴____________（威胁）全城，____________（救援）队保护人们的____________（财产），这场____________（灾难）损失低于预期。 体育馆成为临时____________（避难所）；有人____________（声称）预报不可靠（reliable），但这次完全正确；附近火山未____________（喷发）；真正帮我们度过____________（危机）的是信任。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $