专题03 Unit 3 The world of science-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以科学实验主题语境构建"conducted→significant→theory"等记忆链，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词义、搭配及派生词，引导学生自主建立词汇网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于设计多维度自主学习活动，如语境复现语法填空、语篇默写强化应用，自我检测复述记忆链诊断掌握情况，培养语言能力与学习能力。关联阅读与写作词汇升级任务提升思维品质，教师可通过学生练习反馈精准指导，助力个性化复习，有效培养自主备考能力。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：significant / accurate / experiment / conduct / virtual / flexible / capable / desire / origin / extraordinary / attach / theory （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 3 · The world of science + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, our science club conducted a simple but significant experiment. We wanted to test a well-known theory about how plants grow towards light. To collect accurate data, we measured every seedling at the same time each day and recorded the results in a notebook. The origin of the idea was our teacher's question: “Does light truly change the direction of growth, or is it something else?” By the end of the month, the experiment had given us a clear and surprising answer. The results were so extraordinary that our teacher asked us to present them at the school science fair. We attached photos of the seedlings to a large board and drew simple diagrams to explain our findings. Some students even used a virtual lab on their phones to repeat the experiment at home, which showed how flexible modern science has become. I now have a strong desire to study biology, and I feel capable of taking on bigger challenges. Science, I have learned, rewards those who ask questions and never stop looking for answers. 【中文译文】 上个月，我们科学俱乐部进行（conduct）了一个简单但意义重大（significant）的实验。我们想验证一个著名的理论（theory）：植物如何朝着光生长。为了收集准确（accurate）的数据，我们每天在同一时间测量每一株幼苗并记录在笔记本上。这个想法的起源（origin）来自老师的问题："光真的会改变生长的方向吗，还是另有原因？"到月底，实验（experiment）给了我们一个清晰而令人惊讶的答案。 结果如此非凡（extraordinary），老师让我们在学校科学展上展示。我们把幼苗的照片附（attach）在大展板上，画了简单的示意图解释我们的发现。一些学生甚至用手机上的虚拟（virtual）实验室在家里重复实验，这表明现代科学已经变得多么灵活（flexible）。我现在有了学习生物学的强烈渴望（desire），也觉得自己有能力（capable）迎接更大的挑战。科学，我明白了，会回报那些提出问题并永不停止寻找答案的人。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：科学俱乐部进行简单而重大的实验→验证著名理论→收集准确数据→想法起源于老师的问题→月底实验给出惊人答案→结果非凡→把照片附在展板上→用虚拟实验室重复→现代科学灵活→产生学医渴望→觉得自己有能力→科学回报提问者 记忆链：conducted → significant → theory → accurate → origin → experiment → extraordinary → attached → virtual → flexible → desire → capable Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，重大的；显著的 ⚡考点：a significant change 重大变化；significant improvement 显著改善；significance n. 重要性 2 accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 ⚡考点：accurate data 准确数据；accurate description 准确描述；accuracy n. 准确性；accurately adv. 准确地 3 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验，试验 vi. 做实验 ⚡考点：do/carry out an experiment 做实验；experiment on/with 用…做实验；experimental adj. 实验的 4 conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行，实施；指挥；引导 n. 行为，举止 ⚡考点：conduct an experiment/survey 进行实验/调查；conduct oneself 表现；名动异读 5 virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的；实质上的 ⚡考点：virtual reality 虚拟现实（VR）；a virtual tour 虚拟参观；virtually adv. 几乎；实际上 6 flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；可变通的 ⚡考点：flexible working hours 弹性工作时间；flexible plan 灵活的计划；flexibility n. 灵活性 7 capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 ⚡考点：be capable of doing 有能力做；a capable person 能干的人；capability n. 能力 8 desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n. 渴望，欲望 vt. 渴望，期望 ⚡考点：a desire for/to do 对…的渴望；desire to do 渴望做；desirable adj. 令人向往的 9 origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，源头；出身 ⚡考点：the origin of 的起源；of...origin 出身…的；originate from 起源于；original adj. 原始的 10 extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj. 非凡的，特别的 ⚡考点：extraordinary ability 非凡的才能；an extraordinary achievement 非凡成就；extraordinarily adv. 非凡地 11 attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 附上；系上；使依恋 ⚡考点：attach sth. to 把…附在…上；be attached to 依恋；爱慕；attach importance to 重视 12 theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说；意见 ⚡考点：in theory 理论上；the theory of evolution 进化论；theoretical adj. 理论上的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，重大的；显著的 【核心考点】 significant是说明文与议论文的高频形容词，本单元科学主题的核心词。用法要点：①重要的，重大的——a significant event（重大事件）、play a significant role in（在…中起重要作用）；②显著的，明显的——a significant increase/improvement（显著增长/改善）、significant difference（显著差异）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：significance n. 重要性→ be of great significance（非常重要）；significantly adv. 显著地→ change significantly（显著变化）；signify v. 表示，意味着。辨析：significant（意义重大/数据显著）vs important（重要，最普通）vs vital（至关重要的）vs essential（必不可少的）。 【词根联想】 sign（拉丁语signum"标记"）+ -ific（表"做…的"）+ -ant（形容词后缀）→ 做出标记的、值得留记号→ 重要的。联想：sign"标记"→ sign（标志）、signal（信号）、significant（有标记意义的→重要的）、significance（重要性）、signify（意味着）。记住：值得做标记的事，就是significant。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：significant在数据与统计语境中表"（差异、变化）显著的，有统计意义的"，如The experiment showed a significant difference between the two groups（实验显示两组之间存在显著差异）。此义在科研类说明文中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·significant 形容词作定语修饰thing）"Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia."（20世纪60年代初的某个时候，一件重大的事情发生在澳大利亚的悉尼。）（真题原句·significant 重大的） 【搭配词块】 a significant change 重大变化 / play a significant role 起重要作用 / of great significance 非常重要 / significantly adv. 显著地 2. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 【核心考点】 accurate是说明文与科研类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①准确的（信息、数据、描述）——accurate data/information（准确的数据/信息）、an accurate description（准确的描述）；②精确的——accurate measurements（精确测量）。派生词：accuracy n. 准确性→ with accuracy（准确地）；accurately adv. 准确地→ record the data accurately。辨析是高考重点：accurate（准确无误，强调与事实一致）vs exact（精确的，丝毫不差）vs precise（精密的，细致入微）vs correct（正确的，最普通）。写作金句：Accurate data is the foundation of any good experiment。 【词根联想】 ac-（=ad-，向）+ cur（拉丁语cura"关心，注意"）+ -ate（形容词后缀）→ 用心仔细做出来的→ 准确的。联想：cur"关心"→ accurate（用心做→准确）、cure（治愈→关心治疗）、curious（好奇的→关心求知）、curiosity（好奇心）。记住：ac + curate = 用心做到精确。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：accurate还可表示"（判断、描述）符合事实的，恰如其分的"，如Her description of the accident was perfectly accurate（她对事故的描述完全符合事实）。此义在新闻与记叙类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·accurate 形容词作表语）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·accurate 准确的） 【搭配词块】 accurate data 准确数据 / an accurate description 准确的描述 / with accuracy 准确地 / accurately adv. 准确地 3. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验，试验 vi. 做实验 【核心考点】 experiment是科研与说明文的核心名词，本单元科学主题的标志词。用法要点：①do/carry out/conduct/perform an experiment（做实验）；②an experiment on/with（用…做实验）——an experiment on rats；③作动词"做实验"——experiment with new methods（用新方法试验）。派生词：experimental adj. 实验的→ an experimental school（实验学校）；experimentally adv. 实验性地。辨析：experiment（科学实验）vs test（测试，检验）vs trial（试验，试用）vs research（研究，总称）。写作金句：An experiment should be repeated before its results are accepted。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ peri（希腊语peira"尝试"）+ -ment（名词后缀）→ 向外尝试、检验→ 实验。联想：peri"尝试"→ experiment（试验→向外尝试）、experience（经验→试过的积累）、expert（专家→反复试过的人）、peril（危险→试错的代价）。记住：ex + periment = 走出去试验。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：experiment作动词还可表示"尝试（新事物），试验"，如She experimented with different colours in her painting（她在绘画中尝试了不同的色彩）。此义中experiment with搭配常见。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·experiment 名词作主语）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·experiment 实验） 【搭配词块】 do an experiment 做实验 / carry out an experiment 实施实验 / experiment on 用…做实验 / experimental adj. 实验的 4. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. /ˈkɒndʌkt/ n. v. 进行，实施；指挥；引导 n. 行为，举止 【核心考点】 conduct是说明文与科研类语篇的高频动词，名动异读（作动词重音在后/kənˈdʌkt/，作名词重音在前/ˈkɒndʌkt/，与record、increase同族）。动词用法要点：①进行（活动、调查、实验）——conduct an experiment/survey/research（进行实验/调查/研究）；②指挥（乐队）——conduct the orchestra；③引导，带领——conduct visitors round the museum；④conduct oneself（表现，举止）。名词义"行为，举止"——good conduct（良好行为）。辨析：conduct（正式地组织进行）vs carry out（实施，执行）vs perform（执行，表演）vs run（运营，口语）。 【词根联想】 con-（=with，共同）+ duct（拉丁语ducere"引导"）→ 带着大家一起走→ 引导；进行。联想：duct"引导"→ conduct（引导→进行）、product（产品→带出来的东西）、introduce（介绍→带入）、reduce（减少→往回带）、education（教育→引导出来）。记住：con + duct = 带领众人前行。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conduct作名词表示"（人的）行为，举止"，如The teacher praised his conduct in class（老师表扬了他在课堂上的表现）。此义中conduct是不可数名词，正式用语。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·conducted 一般过去时作谓语，义"进行"）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·conduct 进行） 【搭配词块】 conduct an experiment 进行实验 / conduct a survey 进行调查 / conduct oneself 表现 / good conduct 良好行为 5. virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的；实质上的 【核心考点】 virtual是科技类说明文的高频形容词。用法要点：①虚拟的（计算机模拟的）——virtual reality（虚拟现实，VR）、a virtual world/lab/tour（虚拟世界/实验室/参观）；②实质上的，几乎…的（修饰名词）——a virtual impossibility（几乎不可能的事）。副词virtually（几乎，实际上）是阅读高频词——virtually impossible（几乎不可能）、virtually every family（几乎每个家庭）。辨析：virtual（虚拟的/实质上的）vs actual（实际的）vs real（真实的）——virtual与actual互为反义强调：virtual reality（虚拟现实）vs actual reality（真实现实）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语virtus"美德，力量，价值"→ virtualis"有功效的"→ 有实际功效但非实体的→ 虚拟的。联想：virt"力量，价值"→ virtual（有功效的→虚拟的）、virtue（美德→力量）、virtually（实际上→凭功效而言）。记住：virtual是"有实效却非实体"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：virtual还可表示"实质上的，事实上的（虽未正式确认）"，如He is the virtual leader of the group（他实际上是这个团体的领袖）。此义中virtual强调"事实如此"，阅读中注意与"虚拟的"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some students even used a virtual lab on their phones to repeat the experiment at home, which showed how flexible modern science has become."（一些学生甚至用手机上的虚拟实验室在家里重复实验，这表明现代科学已经变得多么灵活。）（经典原句·virtual 虚拟的） 【搭配词块】 virtual reality 虚拟现实 / a virtual tour 虚拟参观 / virtually adv. 几乎 / a virtual lab 虚拟实验室 6. flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；可变通的 【核心考点】 flexible是说明文与职场类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①（计划、安排）灵活的，可变通的——flexible working hours（弹性工作时间）、a flexible plan（灵活的计划）、be flexible about（对…灵活处理）；②（物体）柔韧的，可弯曲的——flexible plastic（柔韧塑料）；③（人）随和的，适应性强的——a flexible person。派生词：flexibility n. 灵活性→ flexibility of working hours（工作时间的灵活性）；flexibly adv. 灵活地；flex v. 弯曲。辨析：flexible（可变通的，适应性强的）vs adaptable（能适应的）vs elastic（有弹性的）vs adjustable（可调节的）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语flectere"弯曲"→ flexus（弯曲的）+ -ible（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 可以弯曲的→ 柔韧的；灵活的。联想：flex"弯曲"→ flexible（可弯曲→灵活）、flexibility（灵活性）、reflect（反射→弯回来）、deflect（偏转→弯开）、inflect（变形→往里弯）。记住：flex + ible = 能弯的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：flexible还可表示"（人）随和的，愿意变通的"，如She is very flexible about where we meet（她对我们在哪儿见面很随和）。此义在生活与职场类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Modern science has become so flexible that students can now repeat experiments at home with the help of apps on their phones."（现代科学已变得如此灵活，学生们如今可以借助手机上的应用在家重复实验。）（经典原句·flexible 灵活的） 【搭配词块】 flexible working hours 弹性工作时间 / a flexible plan 灵活的计划 / flexibility n. 灵活性 / be flexible about 对…灵活处理 7. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 【核心考点】 capable是说明文与人物类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①be capable of doing sth.（有能力做某事）——She is capable of solving this problem；②（人）能干的——a capable teacher（能干的老师）；③（机器、系统）有…功能的——The device is capable of storing large amounts of data。派生词：capability n. 能力→ beyond one's capability（超出某人的能力）；capacity n. 容量；能力。辨析是高考重点：capable of doing（有能力做）vs able to do（能做）vs competent（称职的，胜任的）vs qualified（有资格的）。注意：capable后接of+doing，able后接to+do，搭配不同。 【词根联想】 拉丁语capere"拿，抓取"→ capax"能容纳的"→ 有本事抓住的→ 有能力的。联想：cap"抓取"→ capable（能抓住的→有能力）、capability（能力）、capacity（容量；能力）、capture（捕获→抓住）、caption（字幕→抓住要义）。记住：能抓住机会的人，就是capable。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capable还可表示"（事物、机器）能…的，可…的"，如The situation is capable of improvement（局势是可以改善的）。此义中be capable of后接名词，阅读中可见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After months of practice, I finally felt capable of designing and carrying out my own experiment."（经过几个月的练习，我终于觉得自己有能力设计和进行自己的实验了。）（经典原句·capable 有能力的） 【搭配词块】 be capable of doing 有能力做 / a capable person 能干的人 / capability n. 能力 / capacity n. 容量 8. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n. 渴望，欲望 vt. 渴望，期望 【核心考点】 desire是人物与励志类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①a desire for/to do（对…的渴望）——a strong desire to learn（强烈的求知欲）、a desire for knowledge（对知识的渴望）；②desires（欲望，复数）。动词用法：desire to do（渴望做）——She desires to become a scientist；desire sb. to do（期望某人做，正式）。派生词：desirable adj. 令人向往的，值得拥有的→ a desirable job（理想的工作）；undesirable adj. 不受欢迎的。辨析：desire（强烈而正式的渴望）vs wish（愿望，难以实现）vs hope（希望，可实现）vs want（想要，最口语）vs long for（渴望，情感强烈）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语desiderare"渴望，期待"（de-"向下"+sidus"星辰"→望着星星期盼）→ 渴望。联想：sid"星"→ desire（望星而盼→渴望）、desirable（令人向往的）、consider（考虑→观星占卜→细想）、sidereal（恒星的）。记住：de + sire = 望着星星期盼。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：desire还可作动词表示"（正式地）要求，请求"，如We desire your early reply（盼早日答复）。此义常见于商务信函与正式语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The experiment gave me a strong desire to study biology and to keep asking questions about the world around me."（这次实验让我产生了学习生物学的强烈渴望，也让我想继续对周围的世界提问。）（经典原句·desire 渴望） 【搭配词块】 a desire for/to do 对…的渴望 / desire to do 渴望做 / desirable adj. 令人向往的 / a strong desire 强烈的渴望 9. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，源头；出身 【核心考点】 origin是说明文与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①起源，源头——the origin of life/the universe（生命/宇宙的起源）、trace the origin of（追溯…的起源）；②出身——of Chinese origin（中国血统）、a man of humble origin（出身卑微的人）；③复数origins（渊源）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：original adj. 原始的；独创的→ the original plan；originally adv. 起初；originate v. 起源→ originate from/in（起源于）。辨析：origin（起源，来源，强调起点）vs source（源头，来源，如水源/信息来源）vs root（根源，根本原因）vs cause（原因）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语oriri"升起，出现"→ origo"源头"→ 起源。联想：orir"升起"→ origin（起源→事物升起的地方）、original（原始的；原创的）、originate（起源于）、orient（东方→太阳升起之处）、aboriginal（原住民→从起源就在的）。记住：太阳升起的地方，就是origin。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：origin还可指"（人的）出身，血统"，如The scientist is of African origin（这位科学家是非洲裔）。此义在人物类语篇中常见，常与of连用。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The origin of the idea was our teacher's simple question: does light truly change the direction of plant growth?"（这个想法的起源是我们老师的一个简单问题：光真的会改变植物生长的方向吗？）（经典原句·origin 起源） 【搭配词块】 the origin of …的起源 / trace the origin of 追溯…的起源 / of...origin …出身 / originate from 起源于 10. extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj. 非凡的，特别的 【核心考点】 extraordinary是人物与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①非凡的，杰出的——extraordinary ability/talent（非凡的才能）、an extraordinary achievement（非凡成就）；②特别的，不同寻常的——extraordinary weather（反常天气）、an extraordinary meeting（特别会议）。副词extraordinarily（非凡地，极其）。辨析：extraordinary（超出寻常的，往往含褒义）vs unusual（不寻常的，中性）vs remarkable（值得注意的）vs exceptional（例外的；杰出的）vs amazing（令人惊异的）。注意拼写：extra（超出）+ ordinary（普通的）= extraordinary（非凡的），不要漏掉中间的o。 【词根联想】 extra-（超出，beyond）+ ordinary（普通的）→ 超出普通的→ 非凡的。联想：extra-"超出"→ extraordinary（超出普通→非凡）、extreme（极端的→超出之外的）、extravagant（奢侈的→超出常规花费）；ordinary（普通的）→ extraordinary（非凡的）。记住：extra + ordinary = 超出普通。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extraordinary还可表示"（会议等）特别的，临时的"，如an extraordinary general meeting（特别大会）。此义较正式，阅读中按"非凡的/特别的"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The results were so extraordinary that our teacher asked us to present them at the school science fair."（结果如此非凡，老师让我们在学校科学展上展示它们。）（经典原句·extraordinary 非凡的） 【搭配词块】 extraordinary ability 非凡的才能 / an extraordinary achievement 非凡成就 / extraordinarily adv. 非凡地 / an extraordinary meeting 特别会议 11. attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 附上；系上；使依恋 【核心考点】 attach是说明文与生活类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①附上，贴上——attach sth. to sth.（把…附在…上）——attach a photo to the form（把照片贴在表格上）；②系上，拴上——attach the rope to the tree；③使依恋——be attached to（依恋；喜爱）——She is deeply attached to her hometown；④重视——attach importance/significance to（重视…）——We should attach importance to education。派生词：attachment n. 附件；依恋→ email attachments（邮件附件）。辨析：attach（附上，系上）vs fasten（系牢）vs fix（固定）vs connect（连接）。 【词根联想】 at-（=ad-，向，to）+ tach（古法语estachier"系住"）→ 系上去→ 附上。联想：tach"系"→ attach（系上→附上）、attachment（附件；依恋）、detach（拆卸→解开系住）。记住：at + tach = 系上去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attach还可表示"（使）隶属，使参加"，如He attached himself to the research group（他加入了研究小组）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"附上/使依恋"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We attached photos of the seedlings to a large board and drew simple diagrams to explain our findings to the visitors."（我们把幼苗的照片附在大展板上，并画了简单的示意图向参观者解释我们的发现。）（经典原句·attach 附上） 【搭配词块】 attach sth. to 把…附在…上 / be attached to 依恋；喜爱 / attach importance to 重视 / attachment n. 附件 12. theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说；意见 【核心考点】 theory是科研与说明文类语篇的核心名词，本单元科学主题的标志词。用法要点：①理论，学说——the theory of evolution（进化论）、the theory of relativity（相对论）、put forward a theory（提出理论）；②in theory（理论上，与in practice相对）——In theory, the plan should work（理论上，这个计划应该可行）；③意见，看法——My theory is that...（我的看法是…）。派生词：theoretical adj. 理论上的→ theoretical knowledge（理论知识）；theoretically adv. 理论上。辨析：theory（理论体系/学说）vs hypothesis（假说，待验证）vs principle（原理，原则）vs idea（想法）。 【词根联想】 希腊语theoria"观看，思考"（theoros"观众"→thea"看"+horan"看"）→ 对自然现象的观看与思考→ 理论。联想：theo"神，观看"→ theory（观看思考→理论）、theoretical（理论上的）、theatre（剧院→观看表演的地方）、theorem（定理）。记住：theory是"深思后的学说"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：theory还可表示"（未经证实的）看法，猜测"，如My theory is that he left early because he was tired（我的猜测是他因为累而提前离开了）。此义中theory偏口语化的"猜想"，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We wanted to test a well-known theory about how plants grow towards light, and our results supported it perfectly."（我们想验证一个关于植物如何向光生长的著名理论，而我们的结果完美地支持了它。）（经典原句·theory 理论） 【搭配词块】 the theory of evolution 进化论 / in theory 理论上 / put forward a theory 提出理论 / theoretical adj. 理论上的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 significant significance (n.) significantly (adv.) signify (v.) a significant change / of great significance accurate accuracy (n.) accurately (adv.) inaccurate (adj.) accurate data / with accuracy experiment experimental (adj.) experimentally (adv.) experimentation (n.) do an experiment / experiment on conduct conductor (n.) conductive (adj.) conducted (v.) conduct an experiment / conduct oneself virtual virtually (adv.) virtuality (n.) --- virtual reality / virtually impossible flexible flexibility (n.) flexibly (adv.) flex (v.) flexible hours / flexibility of capable capability (n.) incapable (adj.) capacity (n.) be capable of doing / capability desire desirable (adj.) undesirable (adj.) desired (adj.) a desire for / desire to do origin original (adj./n.) originally (adv.) originate (v.) the origin of / originate from extraordinary extraordinarily (adv.) extraordinariness (n.) --- extraordinary ability / extraordinarily attach attachment (n.) attached (adj.) detach (v.) attach sth. to / be attached to theory theoretical (adj.) theoretically (adv.) theorist (n.) in theory / the theory of Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）The ____________ (experimental) of estimation he conducted showed that the average could be quite accurate. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）The experiment of estimation he ____________ (conducting) showed that in some cases the average could be quite accurate. 3.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more ____________ (accuracy) estimate. 4.（2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编）Sometime in the early 1960s, a ____________ (significance) thing happened in Sydney, Australia. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (virtually) lab allows students to carry out dangerous experiments safely at school. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）Our teacher is very ____________ (flexibility) and always changes the plan when we need more time. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The young scientist is ____________ (capability) of solving the most difficult problems in the field. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Her strong ____________ (desiring) to learn drove her to read every book in the school library. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）The ____________ (original) of the ancient compass can be traced back to ancient China. 10.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）It was ____________ (extraordinarily) that the tiny seed grew into a tall tree in just one year. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Please ____________ (attaching) the label to the box before you send it out. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）According to the ____________ (theoretical), the experiment should work perfectly under these conditions. 13.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The scientist ____________ (conduct) a series of experiments to test his new idea last year. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The team made a ____________ (significantly) discovery that changed the whole field of study. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）All the data must be recorded ____________ (accurate) during the experiment. 【答案】 1. experiment 2. conducted 3. accurate 4. significant 5. virtual 6. flexible 7. capable 8. desire 9. origin 10. extraordinary 11. attach 12. theory 13. conducted 14. significant 15. accurately 【逐题解析】 1. experiment — 提示词experimental为形容词，定冠词the后须接名词，the experiment意为"实验"。 2. conducted — 提示词conducting为动名词，定语从句he conducted修饰experiment，用一般过去式。 3. accurate — 提示词accuracy为名词，比较级more后须接形容词原级，a more accurate estimate意为"更准确的估计"。 4. significant — 提示词significance为名词，不定冠词a后修饰thing须用形容词significant。 5. virtual — 提示词virtually为副词，修饰名词lab须用形容词，a virtual lab意为"虚拟实验室"。 6. flexible — 提示词flexibility为名词，系动词is后须用形容词作表语，be flexible意为"灵活的"。 7. capable — 提示词capability为名词，be capable of doing为固定搭配，须用形容词。 8. desire — 提示词desiring为动名词，形容词strong后须接名词，a strong desire意为"强烈的渴望"。 9. origin — 提示词original为形容词，定冠词the后须接名词，the origin of意为"…的起源"。 10. extraordinary — 提示词extraordinarily为副词，It was + 形容词 + that为固定句型，须用形容词。 11. attach — 提示词attaching为动名词，祈使句Please后须接动词原形，attach...to为固定搭配。 12. theory — 提示词theoretical为形容词，定冠词the后须接名词，the theory意为"理论"。 13. conducted — 提示词conduct为动词原形，时间状语last year提示用一般过去时conducted。 14. significant — 提示词significantly为副词，修饰名词discovery须用形容词，a significant discovery意为"重大发现"。 15. accurately — 提示词accurate为形容词，修饰动词recorded须用副词accurately。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 上个月，我们科学俱乐部____________（进行）了一个简单但____________（重大的）实验。我们想验证一个著名的____________（理论）：植物如何朝着光生长。 为了收集____________（准确的）数据，我们每天在同一时间测量每一株幼苗。这个想法的____________（起源）来自老师的问题。到月底，____________（实验）给了我们一个清晰而令人惊讶的答案。 结果如此____________（非凡的），老师让我们在学校科学展上展示。我们把照片____________（附）在大展板上，一些学生还用手机上的____________（虚拟的）实验室在家重复实验，这表明现代科学多么____________（灵活的）。 我现在有了学习生物学的强烈____________（渴望），也觉得自己____________（有能力的）迎接更大的挑战。 【答案】 conducted; significant; theory; accurate; origin; experiment; extraordinary; attached; virtual; flexible; desire; capable Part 7 关联阅读 In the summer of 1928, a young scientist named Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found something extraordinary on one of his glass dishes. A blue-green mould had grown on the dish, and around the mould, the bacteria had completely disappeared. Fleming could easily have thrown the dish away, but his training told him that this was significant. He conducted a series of careful experiments to test the mould, and every accurate measurement seemed to tell the same story: something in the mould could kill bacteria. He wrote down his observations carefully, as any good scientist would. Fleming's discovery did not come from a clever plan or an expensive machine. Its origin lay in a messy laboratory and a scientist's habit of asking questions about things that others might simply have ignored. He named the substance penicillin, but he soon found that it was difficult to produce in large amounts, and the theory of how it worked was not fully understood at the time. For years, the world took little notice of his papers, and even Fleming himself was not sure whether the substance would ever be truly useful in medicine. He moved on to other research, as scientists often must, and the little blue-green mould sat quietly in a corner of the laboratory. A decade later, two other scientists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, read Fleming's old papers and realised the value of his work. They managed to produce enough penicillin to save thousands of soldiers infected during the Second World War, and the results were so remarkable that the drug soon became known around the world. Their achievement reminds us that science is a long chain: one person's patient experiment may seem small at the time, but it can become the key that unlocks countless other doors. The story of penicillin teaches us a simple lesson: great discoveries often begin with a curious mind and the courage to attach importance to small, strange details that others simply walk past — details that may one day save millions of lives. 1. What did Fleming find when he returned to his laboratory? A. His holiday plans had been changed. B. A mould had killed the bacteria on a dish. C. His equipment had been stolen. D. A new machine had been installed. 2. Where did Fleming's discovery come from according to the passage? A. A carefully planned research project. B. An expensive piece of equipment. C. A messy lab and a habit of asking questions. D. The advice of other famous scientists. 3. Why did the world take little notice of the discovery at first? A. Penicillin was difficult to produce in large amounts. B. Fleming kept the discovery a secret from everyone. C. The government banned all medical research. D. The bacteria had already disappeared completely. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science requires expensive equipment. B. Penicillin is no longer used in modern medicine. C. Famous scientists should work in the same team. D. Great discoveries can begin with small strange details. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确描写弗莱明度假归来后的发现——"A blue-green mould had grown on the dish, and around the mould, the bacteria had disappeared"，培养皿上长出蓝绿色霉菌，霉菌周围的细菌消失了，与B项A mould had killed the bacteria on a dish对应，故选B。A、C、D三项均为无中生有，文中只提到培养皿与霉菌。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段直接点明发现的来源——"Its origin lay in a messy laboratory and a scientist's habit of asking questions about things that others might have ignored"，发现源于凌乱的实验室和科学家对他人忽略之物的提问习惯，与C项A messy lab and a habit of asking questions吻合，故选C。A项"精心策划的研究项目"、B项"昂贵设备"与原文相悖；D项"其他科学家的建议"文中未提及。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段末句是解题句——"he soon found that it was difficult to produce in large amounts, and the theory of how it worked was not fully understood"，青霉素难以大量生产、作用原理当时尚未完全弄清，因此世界起初未加重视，与A项Penicillin was difficult to produce in large amounts一致，故选A。B项"保密"、C项"政府禁止研究"、D项"细菌已完全消失"均无依据。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：末段点明主旨——"great discoveries often begin with a curious mind, a patient experiment and the courage to attach importance to small, strange details that others simply walk past"，伟大发现往往始于好奇心和他人忽略的细小细节，与D项Great discoveries can begin with small strange details吻合，故选D。A项"科学需要昂贵设备"与"did not come from...an expensive machine"矛盾；B项"青霉素已不再使用"与史实及原文不符；C项偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：significant, accurate, experiment, conduct, virtual, flexible, capable, desire, origin, extraordinary, attach, theory Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The discovery was so important that it changed the whole field of medicine. → The discovery was so ____________ that it changed the whole field of medicine. 2. We need correct data to support our conclusion. → We need ____________ data to support our conclusion. 3. The students carried out a simple test to check how plants grow towards light. → The students carried out a simple ____________ to check how plants grow towards light. 4. The teacher organised the survey and recorded every answer carefully. → The teacher ____________ the survey and recorded every answer carefully. 5. Students can now visit famous museums on the internet at home. → Students can now take a ____________ tour of famous museums at home. 6. Our plans for the science fair are not fixed and can be changed at any time. → Our plans for the science fair are ____________ and can change at any time. 7. This smart robot is able to learn new skills by watching people. → This smart robot is ____________ of learning new skills by watching people. 8. Her wish to become a scientist grew stronger after the visit to the lab. → Her ____________ to become a scientist grew stronger after the visit to the lab. 9. The beginning of this ancient art form can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. → The ____________ of this ancient art form can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. 10. Her talent for music is truly unusual and amazes everyone who hears her play. → Her talent for music is truly ____________ and amazes everyone who hears her play. 11. Please fix the label to the box before you send it to the museum. → Please ____________ the label to the box before you send it to the museum. 12. The idea sounds good in principle, but we need to test it in practice. → The idea sounds good ____________, but we need to test it in practice. 【答案】 1. significant 2. accurate 3. experiment 4. conducted 5. virtual 6. flexible 7. capable 8. desire 9. origin 10. extraordinary 11. attach 12. in theory Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：conducted → significant → theory → accurate → origin → experiment → extraordinary → attached → virtual → flexible → desire → capable 复述模板（填空）： 我们科学俱乐部____________（进行）了一个简单而____________（重大的）实验，验证著名的____________（理论），收集____________（准确的）数据；想法的____________（起源）来自老师的问题，月底____________（实验）给出惊人答案。 结果如此____________（非凡的），我们把照片____________（附）在展板上，还用____________（虚拟的）实验室在家重复实验，这体现现代科学的____________（灵活性）；我产生了学医的____________（渴望），觉得自己____________（有能力的）迎接更大挑战。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：conducted; significant; theory; accurate; origin; experiment; extraordinary; attached; virtual; flexible; desire; capable 复述模板参考版本： Last month, our science club conducted a simple but significant experiment to test a well-known theory about how plants grow towards light. To collect accurate data, we measured every seedling at the same time each day. The origin of the idea was our teacher's question, and by the end of the month the experiment gave us a surprising answer. The results were so extraordinary that we attached photos to a large board, and some students used a virtual lab to repeat the experiment at home, which showed how flexible modern science has become. I now have a strong desire to study biology, and I feel capable of taking on bigger challenges. 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：significant / accurate / experiment / conduct / virtual / flexible / capable / desire / origin / extraordinary / attach / theory （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 3 · The world of science + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 2 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, our science club conducted a simple but significant experiment. We wanted to test a well-known theory about how plants grow towards light. To collect accurate data, we measured every seedling at the same time each day and recorded the results in a notebook. The origin of the idea was our teacher's question: “Does light truly change the direction of growth, or is it something else?” By the end of the month, the experiment had given us a clear and surprising answer. The results were so extraordinary that our teacher asked us to present them at the school science fair. We attached photos of the seedlings to a large board and drew simple diagrams to explain our findings. Some students even used a virtual lab on their phones to repeat the experiment at home, which showed how flexible modern science has become. I now have a strong desire to study biology, and I feel capable of taking on bigger challenges. Science, I have learned, rewards those who ask questions and never stop looking for answers. 【中文译文】 上个月，我们科学俱乐部进行（conduct）了一个简单但意义重大（significant）的实验。我们想验证一个著名的理论（theory）：植物如何朝着光生长。为了收集准确（accurate）的数据，我们每天在同一时间测量每一株幼苗并记录在笔记本上。这个想法的起源（origin）来自老师的问题："光真的会改变生长的方向吗，还是另有原因？"到月底，实验（experiment）给了我们一个清晰而令人惊讶的答案。 结果如此非凡（extraordinary），老师让我们在学校科学展上展示。我们把幼苗的照片附（attach）在大展板上，画了简单的示意图解释我们的发现。一些学生甚至用手机上的虚拟（virtual）实验室在家里重复实验，这表明现代科学已经变得多么灵活（flexible）。我现在有了学习生物学的强烈渴望（desire），也觉得自己有能力（capable）迎接更大的挑战。科学，我明白了，会回报那些提出问题并永不停止寻找答案的人。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：科学俱乐部进行简单而重大的实验→验证著名理论→收集准确数据→想法起源于老师的问题→月底实验给出惊人答案→结果非凡→把照片附在展板上→用虚拟实验室重复→现代科学灵活→产生学医渴望→觉得自己有能力→科学回报提问者 记忆链：conducted → significant → theory → accurate → origin → experiment → extraordinary → attached → virtual → flexible → desire → capable Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，重大的；显著的 ⚡考点：a significant change 重大变化；significant improvement 显著改善；significance n. 重要性 2 accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 ⚡考点：accurate data 准确数据；accurate description 准确描述；accuracy n. 准确性；accurately adv. 准确地 3 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验，试验 vi. 做实验 ⚡考点：do/carry out an experiment 做实验；experiment on/with 用…做实验；experimental adj. 实验的 4 conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行，实施；指挥；引导 n. 行为，举止 ⚡考点：conduct an experiment/survey 进行实验/调查；conduct oneself 表现；名动异读 5 virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的；实质上的 ⚡考点：virtual reality 虚拟现实（VR）；a virtual tour 虚拟参观；virtually adv. 几乎；实际上 6 flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；可变通的 ⚡考点：flexible working hours 弹性工作时间；flexible plan 灵活的计划；flexibility n. 灵活性 7 capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 ⚡考点：be capable of doing 有能力做；a capable person 能干的人；capability n. 能力 8 desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n. 渴望，欲望 vt. 渴望，期望 ⚡考点：a desire for/to do 对…的渴望；desire to do 渴望做；desirable adj. 令人向往的 9 origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，源头；出身 ⚡考点：the origin of 的起源；of...origin 出身…的；originate from 起源于；original adj. 原始的 10 extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj. 非凡的，特别的 ⚡考点：extraordinary ability 非凡的才能；an extraordinary achievement 非凡成就；extraordinarily adv. 非凡地 11 attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 附上；系上；使依恋 ⚡考点：attach sth. to 把…附在…上；be attached to 依恋；爱慕；attach importance to 重视 12 theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说；意见 ⚡考点：in theory 理论上；the theory of evolution 进化论；theoretical adj. 理论上的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，重大的；显著的 【核心考点】 significant是说明文与议论文的高频形容词，本单元科学主题的核心词。用法要点：①重要的，重大的——a significant event（重大事件）、play a significant role in（在…中起重要作用）；②显著的，明显的——a significant increase/improvement（显著增长/改善）、significant difference（显著差异）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：significance n. 重要性→ be of great significance（非常重要）；significantly adv. 显著地→ change significantly（显著变化）；signify v. 表示，意味着。辨析：significant（意义重大/数据显著）vs important（重要，最普通）vs vital（至关重要的）vs essential（必不可少的）。 【词根联想】 sign（拉丁语signum"标记"）+ -ific（表"做…的"）+ -ant（形容词后缀）→ 做出标记的、值得留记号→ 重要的。联想：sign"标记"→ sign（标志）、signal（信号）、significant（有标记意义的→重要的）、significance（重要性）、signify（意味着）。记住：值得做标记的事，就是significant。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：significant在数据与统计语境中表"（差异、变化）显著的，有统计意义的"，如The experiment showed a significant difference between the two groups（实验显示两组之间存在显著差异）。此义在科研类说明文中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读D·significant 形容词作定语修饰thing）"Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia."（20世纪60年代初的某个时候，一件重大的事情发生在澳大利亚的悉尼。）（真题原句·significant 重大的） 【搭配词块】 a significant change 重大变化 / play a significant role 起重要作用 / of great significance 非常重要 / significantly adv. 显著地 2. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 【核心考点】 accurate是说明文与科研类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①准确的（信息、数据、描述）——accurate data/information（准确的数据/信息）、an accurate description（准确的描述）；②精确的——accurate measurements（精确测量）。派生词：accuracy n. 准确性→ with accuracy（准确地）；accurately adv. 准确地→ record the data accurately。辨析是高考重点：accurate（准确无误，强调与事实一致）vs exact（精确的，丝毫不差）vs precise（精密的，细致入微）vs correct（正确的，最普通）。写作金句：Accurate data is the foundation of any good experiment。 【词根联想】 ac-（=ad-，向）+ cur（拉丁语cura"关心，注意"）+ -ate（形容词后缀）→ 用心仔细做出来的→ 准确的。联想：cur"关心"→ accurate（用心做→准确）、cure（治愈→关心治疗）、curious（好奇的→关心求知）、curiosity（好奇心）。记住：ac + curate = 用心做到精确。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：accurate还可表示"（判断、描述）符合事实的，恰如其分的"，如Her description of the accident was perfectly accurate（她对事故的描述完全符合事实）。此义在新闻与记叙类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·accurate 形容词作表语）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·accurate 准确的） 【搭配词块】 accurate data 准确数据 / an accurate description 准确的描述 / with accuracy 准确地 / accurately adv. 准确地 3. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验，试验 vi. 做实验 【核心考点】 experiment是科研与说明文的核心名词，本单元科学主题的标志词。用法要点：①do/carry out/conduct/perform an experiment（做实验）；②an experiment on/with（用…做实验）——an experiment on rats；③作动词"做实验"——experiment with new methods（用新方法试验）。派生词：experimental adj. 实验的→ an experimental school（实验学校）；experimentally adv. 实验性地。辨析：experiment（科学实验）vs test（测试，检验）vs trial（试验，试用）vs research（研究，总称）。写作金句：An experiment should be repeated before its results are accepted。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ peri（希腊语peira"尝试"）+ -ment（名词后缀）→ 向外尝试、检验→ 实验。联想：peri"尝试"→ experiment（试验→向外尝试）、experience（经验→试过的积累）、expert（专家→反复试过的人）、peril（危险→试错的代价）。记住：ex + periment = 走出去试验。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：experiment作动词还可表示"尝试（新事物），试验"，如She experimented with different colours in her painting（她在绘画中尝试了不同的色彩）。此义中experiment with搭配常见。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·experiment 名词作主语）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·experiment 实验） 【搭配词块】 do an experiment 做实验 / carry out an experiment 实施实验 / experiment on 用…做实验 / experimental adj. 实验的 4. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. /ˈkɒndʌkt/ n. v. 进行，实施；指挥；引导 n. 行为，举止 【核心考点】 conduct是说明文与科研类语篇的高频动词，名动异读（作动词重音在后/kənˈdʌkt/，作名词重音在前/ˈkɒndʌkt/，与record、increase同族）。动词用法要点：①进行（活动、调查、实验）——conduct an experiment/survey/research（进行实验/调查/研究）；②指挥（乐队）——conduct the orchestra；③引导，带领——conduct visitors round the museum；④conduct oneself（表现，举止）。名词义"行为，举止"——good conduct（良好行为）。辨析：conduct（正式地组织进行）vs carry out（实施，执行）vs perform（执行，表演）vs run（运营，口语）。 【词根联想】 con-（=with，共同）+ duct（拉丁语ducere"引导"）→ 带着大家一起走→ 引导；进行。联想：duct"引导"→ conduct（引导→进行）、product（产品→带出来的东西）、introduce（介绍→带入）、reduce（减少→往回带）、education（教育→引导出来）。记住：con + duct = 带领众人前行。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conduct作名词表示"（人的）行为，举止"，如The teacher praised his conduct in class（老师表扬了他在课堂上的表现）。此义中conduct是不可数名词，正式用语。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·conducted 一般过去时作谓语，义"进行"）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估算的平均值可能相当准确。）（真题原句·conduct 进行） 【搭配词块】 conduct an experiment 进行实验 / conduct a survey 进行调查 / conduct oneself 表现 / good conduct 良好行为 5. virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的；实质上的 【核心考点】 virtual是科技类说明文的高频形容词。用法要点：①虚拟的（计算机模拟的）——virtual reality（虚拟现实，VR）、a virtual world/lab/tour（虚拟世界/实验室/参观）；②实质上的，几乎…的（修饰名词）——a virtual impossibility（几乎不可能的事）。副词virtually（几乎，实际上）是阅读高频词——virtually impossible（几乎不可能）、virtually every family（几乎每个家庭）。辨析：virtual（虚拟的/实质上的）vs actual（实际的）vs real（真实的）——virtual与actual互为反义强调：virtual reality（虚拟现实）vs actual reality（真实现实）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语virtus"美德，力量，价值"→ virtualis"有功效的"→ 有实际功效但非实体的→ 虚拟的。联想：virt"力量，价值"→ virtual（有功效的→虚拟的）、virtue（美德→力量）、virtually（实际上→凭功效而言）。记住：virtual是"有实效却非实体"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：virtual还可表示"实质上的，事实上的（虽未正式确认）"，如He is the virtual leader of the group（他实际上是这个团体的领袖）。此义中virtual强调"事实如此"，阅读中注意与"虚拟的"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some students even used a virtual lab on their phones to repeat the experiment at home, which showed how flexible modern science has become."（一些学生甚至用手机上的虚拟实验室在家里重复实验，这表明现代科学已经变得多么灵活。）（经典原句·virtual 虚拟的） 【搭配词块】 virtual reality 虚拟现实 / a virtual tour 虚拟参观 / virtually adv. 几乎 / a virtual lab 虚拟实验室 6. flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；可变通的 【核心考点】 flexible是说明文与职场类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①（计划、安排）灵活的，可变通的——flexible working hours（弹性工作时间）、a flexible plan（灵活的计划）、be flexible about（对…灵活处理）；②（物体）柔韧的，可弯曲的——flexible plastic（柔韧塑料）；③（人）随和的，适应性强的——a flexible person。派生词：flexibility n. 灵活性→ flexibility of working hours（工作时间的灵活性）；flexibly adv. 灵活地；flex v. 弯曲。辨析：flexible（可变通的，适应性强的）vs adaptable（能适应的）vs elastic（有弹性的）vs adjustable（可调节的）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语flectere"弯曲"→ flexus（弯曲的）+ -ible（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 可以弯曲的→ 柔韧的；灵活的。联想：flex"弯曲"→ flexible（可弯曲→灵活）、flexibility（灵活性）、reflect（反射→弯回来）、deflect（偏转→弯开）、inflect（变形→往里弯）。记住：flex + ible = 能弯的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：flexible还可表示"（人）随和的，愿意变通的"，如She is very flexible about where we meet（她对我们在哪儿见面很随和）。此义在生活与职场类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Modern science has become so flexible that students can now repeat experiments at home with the help of apps on their phones."（现代科学已变得如此灵活，学生们如今可以借助手机上的应用在家重复实验。）（经典原句·flexible 灵活的） 【搭配词块】 flexible working hours 弹性工作时间 / a flexible plan 灵活的计划 / flexibility n. 灵活性 / be flexible about 对…灵活处理 7. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 【核心考点】 capable是说明文与人物类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①be capable of doing sth.（有能力做某事）——She is capable of solving this problem；②（人）能干的——a capable teacher（能干的老师）；③（机器、系统）有…功能的——The device is capable of storing large amounts of data。派生词：capability n. 能力→ beyond one's capability（超出某人的能力）；capacity n. 容量；能力。辨析是高考重点：capable of doing（有能力做）vs able to do（能做）vs competent（称职的，胜任的）vs qualified（有资格的）。注意：capable后接of+doing，able后接to+do，搭配不同。 【词根联想】 拉丁语capere"拿，抓取"→ capax"能容纳的"→ 有本事抓住的→ 有能力的。联想：cap"抓取"→ capable（能抓住的→有能力）、capability（能力）、capacity（容量；能力）、capture（捕获→抓住）、caption（字幕→抓住要义）。记住：能抓住机会的人，就是capable。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capable还可表示"（事物、机器）能…的，可…的"，如The situation is capable of improvement（局势是可以改善的）。此义中be capable of后接名词，阅读中可见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After months of practice, I finally felt capable of designing and carrying out my own experiment."（经过几个月的练习，我终于觉得自己有能力设计和进行自己的实验了。）（经典原句·capable 有能力的） 【搭配词块】 be capable of doing 有能力做 / a capable person 能干的人 / capability n. 能力 / capacity n. 容量 8. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n. 渴望，欲望 vt. 渴望，期望 【核心考点】 desire是人物与励志类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①a desire for/to do（对…的渴望）——a strong desire to learn（强烈的求知欲）、a desire for knowledge（对知识的渴望）；②desires（欲望，复数）。动词用法：desire to do（渴望做）——She desires to become a scientist；desire sb. to do（期望某人做，正式）。派生词：desirable adj. 令人向往的，值得拥有的→ a desirable job（理想的工作）；undesirable adj. 不受欢迎的。辨析：desire（强烈而正式的渴望）vs wish（愿望，难以实现）vs hope（希望，可实现）vs want（想要，最口语）vs long for（渴望，情感强烈）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语desiderare"渴望，期待"（de-"向下"+sidus"星辰"→望着星星期盼）→ 渴望。联想：sid"星"→ desire（望星而盼→渴望）、desirable（令人向往的）、consider（考虑→观星占卜→细想）、sidereal（恒星的）。记住：de + sire = 望着星星期盼。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：desire还可作动词表示"（正式地）要求，请求"，如We desire your early reply（盼早日答复）。此义常见于商务信函与正式语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The experiment gave me a strong desire to study biology and to keep asking questions about the world around me."（这次实验让我产生了学习生物学的强烈渴望，也让我想继续对周围的世界提问。）（经典原句·desire 渴望） 【搭配词块】 a desire for/to do 对…的渴望 / desire to do 渴望做 / desirable adj. 令人向往的 / a strong desire 强烈的渴望 9. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，源头；出身 【核心考点】 origin是说明文与历史类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①起源，源头——the origin of life/the universe（生命/宇宙的起源）、trace the origin of（追溯…的起源）；②出身——of Chinese origin（中国血统）、a man of humble origin（出身卑微的人）；③复数origins（渊源）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：original adj. 原始的；独创的→ the original plan；originally adv. 起初；originate v. 起源→ originate from/in（起源于）。辨析：origin（起源，来源，强调起点）vs source（源头，来源，如水源/信息来源）vs root（根源，根本原因）vs cause（原因）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语oriri"升起，出现"→ origo"源头"→ 起源。联想：orir"升起"→ origin（起源→事物升起的地方）、original（原始的；原创的）、originate（起源于）、orient（东方→太阳升起之处）、aboriginal（原住民→从起源就在的）。记住：太阳升起的地方，就是origin。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：origin还可指"（人的）出身，血统"，如The scientist is of African origin（这位科学家是非洲裔）。此义在人物类语篇中常见，常与of连用。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The origin of the idea was our teacher's simple question: does light truly change the direction of plant growth?"（这个想法的起源是我们老师的一个简单问题：光真的会改变植物生长的方向吗？）（经典原句·origin 起源） 【搭配词块】 the origin of …的起源 / trace the origin of 追溯…的起源 / of...origin …出身 / originate from 起源于 10. extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj. 非凡的，特别的 【核心考点】 extraordinary是人物与说明文类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①非凡的，杰出的——extraordinary ability/talent（非凡的才能）、an extraordinary achievement（非凡成就）；②特别的，不同寻常的——extraordinary weather（反常天气）、an extraordinary meeting（特别会议）。副词extraordinarily（非凡地，极其）。辨析：extraordinary（超出寻常的，往往含褒义）vs unusual（不寻常的，中性）vs remarkable（值得注意的）vs exceptional（例外的；杰出的）vs amazing（令人惊异的）。注意拼写：extra（超出）+ ordinary（普通的）= extraordinary（非凡的），不要漏掉中间的o。 【词根联想】 extra-（超出，beyond）+ ordinary（普通的）→ 超出普通的→ 非凡的。联想：extra-"超出"→ extraordinary（超出普通→非凡）、extreme（极端的→超出之外的）、extravagant（奢侈的→超出常规花费）；ordinary（普通的）→ extraordinary（非凡的）。记住：extra + ordinary = 超出普通。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extraordinary还可表示"（会议等）特别的，临时的"，如an extraordinary general meeting（特别大会）。此义较正式，阅读中按"非凡的/特别的"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The results were so extraordinary that our teacher asked us to present them at the school science fair."（结果如此非凡，老师让我们在学校科学展上展示它们。）（经典原句·extraordinary 非凡的） 【搭配词块】 extraordinary ability 非凡的才能 / an extraordinary achievement 非凡成就 / extraordinarily adv. 非凡地 / an extraordinary meeting 特别会议 11. attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 附上；系上；使依恋 【核心考点】 attach是说明文与生活类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①附上，贴上——attach sth. to sth.（把…附在…上）——attach a photo to the form（把照片贴在表格上）；②系上，拴上——attach the rope to the tree；③使依恋——be attached to（依恋；喜爱）——She is deeply attached to her hometown；④重视——attach importance/significance to（重视…）——We should attach importance to education。派生词：attachment n. 附件；依恋→ email attachments（邮件附件）。辨析：attach（附上，系上）vs fasten（系牢）vs fix（固定）vs connect（连接）。 【词根联想】 at-（=ad-，向，to）+ tach（古法语estachier"系住"）→ 系上去→ 附上。联想：tach"系"→ attach（系上→附上）、attachment（附件；依恋）、detach（拆卸→解开系住）。记住：at + tach = 系上去。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attach还可表示"（使）隶属，使参加"，如He attached himself to the research group（他加入了研究小组）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"附上/使依恋"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We attached photos of the seedlings to a large board and drew simple diagrams to explain our findings to the visitors."（我们把幼苗的照片附在大展板上，并画了简单的示意图向参观者解释我们的发现。）（经典原句·attach 附上） 【搭配词块】 attach sth. to 把…附在…上 / be attached to 依恋；喜爱 / attach importance to 重视 / attachment n. 附件 12. theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说；意见 【核心考点】 theory是科研与说明文类语篇的核心名词，本单元科学主题的标志词。用法要点：①理论，学说——the theory of evolution（进化论）、the theory of relativity（相对论）、put forward a theory（提出理论）；②in theory（理论上，与in practice相对）——In theory, the plan should work（理论上，这个计划应该可行）；③意见，看法——My theory is that...（我的看法是…）。派生词：theoretical adj. 理论上的→ theoretical knowledge（理论知识）；theoretically adv. 理论上。辨析：theory（理论体系/学说）vs hypothesis（假说，待验证）vs principle（原理，原则）vs idea（想法）。 【词根联想】 希腊语theoria"观看，思考"（theoros"观众"→thea"看"+horan"看"）→ 对自然现象的观看与思考→ 理论。联想：theo"神，观看"→ theory（观看思考→理论）、theoretical（理论上的）、theatre（剧院→观看表演的地方）、theorem（定理）。记住：theory是"深思后的学说"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：theory还可表示"（未经证实的）看法，猜测"，如My theory is that he left early because he was tired（我的猜测是他因为累而提前离开了）。此义中theory偏口语化的"猜想"，阅读中注意语境。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"We wanted to test a well-known theory about how plants grow towards light, and our results supported it perfectly."（我们想验证一个关于植物如何向光生长的著名理论，而我们的结果完美地支持了它。）（经典原句·theory 理论） 【搭配词块】 the theory of evolution 进化论 / in theory 理论上 / put forward a theory 提出理论 / theoretical adj. 理论上的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 significant significance (n.) significantly (adv.) signify (v.) a significant change / of great significance accurate accuracy (n.) accurately (adv.) inaccurate (adj.) accurate data / with accuracy experiment experimental (adj.) experimentally (adv.) experimentation (n.) do an experiment / experiment on conduct conductor (n.) conductive (adj.) conducted (v.) conduct an experiment / conduct oneself virtual virtually (adv.) virtuality (n.) --- virtual reality / virtually impossible flexible flexibility (n.) flexibly (adv.) flex (v.) flexible hours / flexibility of capable capability (n.) incapable (adj.) capacity (n.) be capable of doing / capability desire desirable (adj.) undesirable (adj.) desired (adj.) a desire for / desire to do origin original (adj./n.) originally (adv.) originate (v.) the origin of / originate from extraordinary extraordinarily (adv.) extraordinariness (n.) --- extraordinary ability / extraordinarily attach attachment (n.) attached (adj.) detach (v.) attach sth. to / be attached to theory theoretical (adj.) theoretically (adv.) theorist (n.) in theory / the theory of Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）The ____________ (experimental) of estimation he conducted showed that the average could be quite accurate. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）The experiment of estimation he ____________ (conducting) showed that in some cases the average could be quite accurate. 3.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more ____________ (accuracy) estimate. 4.（2022全国甲卷·阅读D·改编）Sometime in the early 1960s, a ____________ (significance) thing happened in Sydney, Australia. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (virtually) lab allows students to carry out dangerous experiments safely at school. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）Our teacher is very ____________ (flexibility) and always changes the plan when we need more time. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The young scientist is ____________ (capability) of solving the most difficult problems in the field. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Her strong ____________ (desiring) to learn drove her to read every book in the school library. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）The ____________ (original) of the ancient compass can be traced back to ancient China. 10.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）It was ____________ (extraordinarily) that the tiny seed grew into a tall tree in just one year. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Please ____________ (attaching) the label to the box before you send it out. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）According to the ____________ (theoretical), the experiment should work perfectly under these conditions. 13.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The scientist ____________ (conduct) a series of experiments to test his new idea last year. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The team made a ____________ (significantly) discovery that changed the whole field of study. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）All the data must be recorded ____________ (accurate) during the experiment. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 上个月，我们科学俱乐部____________（进行）了一个简单但____________（重大的）实验。我们想验证一个著名的____________（理论）：植物如何朝着光生长。 为了收集____________（准确的）数据，我们每天在同一时间测量每一株幼苗。这个想法的____________（起源）来自老师的问题。到月底，____________（实验）给了我们一个清晰而令人惊讶的答案。 结果如此____________（非凡的），老师让我们在学校科学展上展示。我们把照片____________（附）在大展板上，一些学生还用手机上的____________（虚拟的）实验室在家重复实验，这表明现代科学多么____________（灵活的）。 我现在有了学习生物学的强烈____________（渴望），也觉得自己____________（有能力的）迎接更大的挑战。 Part 7 关联阅读 In the summer of 1928, a young scientist named Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found something extraordinary on one of his glass dishes. A blue-green mould had grown on the dish, and around the mould, the bacteria had completely disappeared. Fleming could easily have thrown the dish away, but his training told him that this was significant. He conducted a series of careful experiments to test the mould, and every accurate measurement seemed to tell the same story: something in the mould could kill bacteria. He wrote down his observations carefully, as any good scientist would. Fleming's discovery did not come from a clever plan or an expensive machine. Its origin lay in a messy laboratory and a scientist's habit of asking questions about things that others might simply have ignored. He named the substance penicillin, but he soon found that it was difficult to produce in large amounts, and the theory of how it worked was not fully understood at the time. For years, the world took little notice of his papers, and even Fleming himself was not sure whether the substance would ever be truly useful in medicine. He moved on to other research, as scientists often must, and the little blue-green mould sat quietly in a corner of the laboratory. A decade later, two other scientists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, read Fleming's old papers and realised the value of his work. They managed to produce enough penicillin to save thousands of soldiers infected during the Second World War, and the results were so remarkable that the drug soon became known around the world. Their achievement reminds us that science is a long chain: one person's patient experiment may seem small at the time, but it can become the key that unlocks countless other doors. The story of penicillin teaches us a simple lesson: great discoveries often begin with a curious mind and the courage to attach importance to small, strange details that others simply walk past — details that may one day save millions of lives. 1. What did Fleming find when he returned to his laboratory? A. His holiday plans had been changed. B. A mould had killed the bacteria on a dish. C. His equipment had been stolen. D. A new machine had been installed. 2. Where did Fleming's discovery come from according to the passage? A. A carefully planned research project. B. An expensive piece of equipment. C. A messy lab and a habit of asking questions. D. The advice of other famous scientists. 3. Why did the world take little notice of the discovery at first? A. Penicillin was difficult to produce in large amounts. B. Fleming kept the discovery a secret from everyone. C. The government banned all medical research. D. The bacteria had already disappeared completely. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science requires expensive equipment. B. Penicillin is no longer used in modern medicine. C. Famous scientists should work in the same team. D. Great discoveries can begin with small strange details. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：significant, accurate, experiment, conduct, virtual, flexible, capable, desire, origin, extraordinary, attach, theory Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The discovery was so important that it changed the whole field of medicine. → The discovery was so ____________ that it changed the whole field of medicine. 2. We need correct data to support our conclusion. → We need ____________ data to support our conclusion. 3. The students carried out a simple test to check how plants grow towards light. → The students carried out a simple ____________ to check how plants grow towards light. 4. The teacher organised the survey and recorded every answer carefully. → The teacher ____________ the survey and recorded every answer carefully. 5. Students can now visit famous museums on the internet at home. → Students can now take a ____________ tour of famous museums at home. 6. Our plans for the science fair are not fixed and can be changed at any time. → Our plans for the science fair are ____________ and can change at any time. 7. This smart robot is able to learn new skills by watching people. → This smart robot is ____________ of learning new skills by watching people. 8. Her wish to become a scientist grew stronger after the visit to the lab. → Her ____________ to become a scientist grew stronger after the visit to the lab. 9. The beginning of this ancient art form can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. → The ____________ of this ancient art form can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. 10. Her talent for music is truly unusual and amazes everyone who hears her play. → Her talent for music is truly ____________ and amazes everyone who hears her play. 11. Please fix the label to the box before you send it to the museum. → Please ____________ the label to the box before you send it to the museum. 12. The idea sounds good in principle, but we need to test it in practice. → The idea sounds good ____________, but we need to test it in practice. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：conducted → significant → theory → accurate → origin → experiment → extraordinary → attached → virtual → flexible → desire → capable 复述模板（填空）： 我们科学俱乐部____________（进行）了一个简单而____________（重大的）实验，验证著名的____________（理论），收集____________（准确的）数据；想法的____________（起源）来自老师的问题，月底____________（实验）给出惊人答案。 结果如此____________（非凡的），我们把照片____________（附）在展板上，还用____________（虚拟的）实验室在家重复实验，这体现现代科学的____________（灵活性）；我产生了学医的____________（渴望），觉得自己____________（有能力的）迎接更大挑战。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $