专题05 Unit 5 What an adventure!-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理12个高考高频词汇，通过语境串记语篇、词根拆解联想、词性变化总表构建知识网络，以任务驱动设计语篇理解、词汇默写等活动，引导学生自主梳理考点联系，提升语言理解与表达能力。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如语法填空整合真题改编题，语篇默写强化语境运用，自我检测通过复述模板复盘记忆链，培养学习能力与思维品质。教师可依托分层练习掌握学情，助力学生构建个性化词汇体系，实现高效备考。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：consume / initial / distinguish / attempt / failure / thrill / fascinate / relate / gradually / surround / depth / confirm （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 5 · What an adventure! + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last summer, my uncle took me on my first diving adventure near a small island. My initial plan was to stay on the beach, but the moment I put on the mask, I was fascinated by the world beneath the surface. At a depth of only five metres, I saw fish of every colour swimming around me, and I could hardly distinguish the coral from the rocks at first. The water surrounded me completely, and every breath I consumed from the tank reminded me how thin the line is between thrill and danger. My uncle had told me that his first attempt at diving had ended in failure, because he had used up his air too quickly. To avoid the same mistake, I tried to relate every movement to what I had learned in the training class, and gradually I became calmer and more confident. When we finally surfaced, the instructor checked my air meter and smiled, which seemed to confirm that I had done everything right. That day, I understood why so many people fall in love with the deep blue sea. 【中文译文】 去年夏天，叔叔带我去一座小岛附近进行了第一次潜水冒险。我最初的（initial）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上潜水面镜，我就被海面下的世界深深吸引（fascinate）。在只有五米的深度（depth），我看到五颜六色的鱼在身边游动，起初我几乎无法把珊瑚与岩石区分（distinguish）开来。海水完全包围（surround）着我，我从气瓶里消耗（consume）的每一口呼吸都提醒我，兴奋（thrill）与危险之间只有一线之隔。 叔叔告诉我，他第一次尝试（attempt）潜水以失败（failure）告终，因为他太快用光了空气。为了避免重蹈覆辙，我努力把每一个动作与训练课上学到的联系起来（relate），渐渐地（gradually）我变得冷静而自信。当我们最终浮出水面时，教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎确认（confirm）了我做得完全正确。那天，我明白了为什么那么多人爱上深邃的蓝色海洋。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：第一次潜水冒险→最初计划待在沙滩→被水下世界吸引→五米深处见彩鱼→起初难分珊瑚岩石→海水完全包围→消耗每一口呼吸→兴奋与危险一线之隔→叔叔首次尝试以失败告终→把动作与训练联系→渐渐冷静自信→教练查看气压表微笑→确认做对了→爱上深蓝海洋 记忆链：initial → fascinated → depth → distinguish → surrounded → consumed → thrill → attempt → failure → relate → gradually → confirm Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗，消费；吃光，喝光 ⚡考点：consume energy/food 消耗能量/食物；consumption n. 消耗量；consumer n. 消费者 2 initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的，开始的 ⚡考点：the initial plan 最初的计划；initial stage 初始阶段；initially adv. 起初；initiative n. 主动性 3 distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 区分，辨别；使有别于 ⚡考点：distinguish A from B 区分A与B；distinguish between A and B 在A与B之间辨别；be distinguished by 以…著称 4 attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试，企图 vt. 尝试 ⚡考点：make an attempt to do 尝试做；attempt to do 企图做；a successful/failed attempt 成功/失败的尝试 5 failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；故障；失败者 ⚡考点：end in failure 以失败告终；a failure to do 未能做；failure of 的故障；fail v. 失败 6 thrill /θrɪl/ n. 兴奋，刺激 vt. 使兴奋 ⚡考点：the thrill of doing 做…的刺激；be thrilled to do 兴奋地做；thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的 7 fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ vt. 深深吸引，使着迷 ⚡考点：be fascinated by 被…吸引；be fascinating 令人着迷；fascination n. 魅力 8 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系，关联；叙述 ⚡考点：relate A to B 把A与B联系；be related to 与…有关；related adj. 相关的 9 gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 ⚡考点：gradually change 逐渐变化；gradual adj. 逐渐的；辨析gradually/eventually 10 surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 包围，环绕 ⚡考点：be surrounded by/with 被…包围；surroundings n. 环境；surrounding adj. 周围的 11 depth /depθ/ n. 深度；深处；深刻 ⚡考点：at a depth of 在…的深度；in depth 深入地；deep adj. 深的；deepen v. 加深 12 confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实，确认；批准 ⚡考点：confirm that 证实…；confirm the news 证实消息；confirmation n. 确认 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗，消费；吃光，喝光 【核心考点】 consume是说明文与经济类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①消耗（资源、能量）——consume energy/water/time（消耗能量/水/时间）；②消费（商品）——consume goods and services；③吃光喝光——consume a whole cake。派生词是语法填空高频考点：consumption n. 消耗量，消费→ energy consumption（能源消耗）、the consumption of sugar（糖的摄入量）；consumer n. 消费者→ consumer rights（消费者权益）；consuming adj. 消耗的。辨析：consume（消耗/消费，正式）vs use up（用完，口语）vs spend（花费时间/金钱）vs waste（浪费）。 【词根联想】 con-（=completely，完全）+ sum（拉丁语sumere"拿取"）+ -e→ 完全拿走、用尽→ 消耗。联想：sum"拿取"→ consume（完全拿走→消耗）、consumer（消费者）、consumption（消耗）、assume（假定→拿来用）、resume（恢复→重新拿取）。记住：con + sume = 全部拿走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：consume还可表示"（火）烧毁，（情感）吞噬"，如The fire consumed the whole building（大火吞噬了整栋楼）、He was consumed with jealousy（他被嫉妒吞噬）。此义在文学与新闻语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·consuming 现在分词作谓语）"It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease."（据认为，如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是建议水平的三倍，使他们患上这种疾病的风险更高。）（真题原句·consume 消耗；摄入） 【搭配词块】 consume energy 消耗能量 / energy consumption 能源消耗 / consumer n. 消费者 / be consumed by 被…吞噬 2. initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的，开始的 【核心考点】 initial是说明文与记叙文的高频形容词。用法要点：①最初的，开始的——the initial plan/stage/response（最初的计划/阶段/反应）、initial impression（第一印象）；②无比较级。副词initially（起初）是语法填空高频考点——Initially, the plan seemed impossible。派生词：initiative n. 主动性，倡议→ take the initiative（采取主动）；initiate v. 发起。辨析：initial（最初的，起点的）vs first（第一个）vs original（原始的，最初的）vs primary（首要的）。写作金句：My initial plan was to stay on the beach。 【词根联想】 拉丁语initium"开始，开端"（源自inire"进入"，in-进入+ire走）→ 走进门槛→ 开始的。联想：it"走"→ initial（起步→最初的）、initially（起初）、initiative（主动性→先走一步）、exit（出口→走出去）、itinerary（行程）。记住：initium是"入门"，initial就是"入门时的"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：initial还可作名词复数initials"（姓名的）首字母"，如She signed the letter with her initials（她用姓名首字母签了信）。此义在应用文与书信类语篇中可见。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·Initially 副词作状语）"Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury."（起初，预计糖税每年能为英国财政部带来5.2亿英镑的收入。）（真题原句·initial 最初的） 【搭配词块】 the initial plan 最初的计划 / initial stage 初始阶段 / initially adv. 起初 / take the initiative 采取主动 3. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 区分，辨别；使有别于 【核心考点】 distinguish是说明文与科普类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①distinguish A from B（把A与B区分开）——distinguish right from wrong（明辨是非）；②distinguish between A and B（在A与B之间辨别）——distinguish between facts and opinions；③使有别于——What distinguishes this school is...（这所学校的不同之处在于…）；④be distinguished for/by（以…著称）。派生词：distinct adj. 明显的，不同的；distinction n. 区别→ make a distinction between；distinguishable adj. 可辨别的。辨析：distinguish（辨别细微差别）vs tell A from B（区分，口语）vs differentiate（区分，正式）vs recognize（认出）。 【词根联想】 dis-（=apart，分开）+ stingu（拉丁语stinguere"刺，使分开"）+ -ish（动词后缀）→ 刺分开来→ 区分。联想：stingu"刺，分开"→ distinguish（分开→区分）、distinct（分开的→明显的）、extinguish（扑灭→刺灭）、instinct（本能→内在的推动）。记住：dis + tinguish = 分开来辨别。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：distinguish还可表示"（使）杰出，使著名"，如She distinguished herself as a writer（她作为作家而出类拔萃）。此义中distinguish oneself为固定搭配，人物类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·浙江卷6月·阅读C·distinguish between 作谓语）"Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study."（根据一项新研究，狗可能确实能够区分人类快乐与愤怒的面孔。）（真题原句·distinguish 区分） 【搭配词块】 distinguish A from B 区分A与B / distinguish between 在…之间辨别 / be distinguished by 以…著称 / distinction n. 区别 4. attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试，企图 vt. 尝试 【核心考点】 attempt是人物与情节类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①make an attempt to do sth.（尝试做某事）；②a successful/failed attempt（成功/失败的尝试）；③at one's first attempt（第一次尝试时）。动词用法：attempt to do sth.（企图做某事）——She attempted to climb the mountain。派生词：attempted adj. 未遂的→ attempted murder（谋杀未遂）。辨析：attempt（较正式的努力尝试）vs try（尝试，最普通）vs strive（努力奋斗）vs manage（设法做成）。写作金句：His first attempt at diving ended in failure。 【词根联想】 at-（=ad-，向，to）+ tempt（拉丁语temptare"尝试，试探"）→ 向目标试探→ 尝试。联想：tempt"试探"→ attempt（尝试）、tempt（引诱→试探人心）、temptation（诱惑）、contempt（轻蔑→轻视试探）。记住：at + tempt = 朝目标试一把。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attempt还可作动词"企图（做坏事）"，如He attempted to break into the house（他企图闯入那栋房子）。此义中attempt略带贬义，新闻语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"My uncle told me that his first attempt at diving had ended in failure, because he had used up his air too quickly."（叔叔告诉我，他第一次尝试潜水以失败告终，因为他太快用光了空气。）（经典原句·attempt 尝试） 【搭配词块】 make an attempt to do 尝试做 / a successful attempt 成功的尝试 / at one's first attempt 在第一次尝试时 / attempt to do 企图做 5. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；故障；失败者 【核心考点】 failure是人物与励志类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①失败——end in failure（以失败告终）、a complete failure（彻底的失败）、fear of failure（对失败的恐惧）；②未能做——a failure to do sth.（未能做某事）；③故障——engine failure（发动机故障）；④失败者，失败的事——The party was a failure。派生词：fail v. 失败→ fail to do（未能做）、fail the exam（考试不及格）；failed adj. 失败的。辨析：failure（失败）vs defeat（战败，被击败）vs disappointment（令人失望的事）vs collapse（崩溃，倒塌）。写作金句：Failure is the mother of success。 【词根联想】 拉丁语fallere"使失望，欺骗"→ fallere的过去分词falsus→ 法语faillir"失足"→ failure（失足→失败）。联想：fail"失"→ failure（失败）、fail（失败；不及格）、fault（过错→失误）、false（错误的→骗人的）。记住：fail + ure = 失足落空。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：failure还可指"（机器、系统的）故障，失灵"，如a power failure（停电）、heart failure（心力衰竭）。此义在科技与医疗类语篇中常见，注意与"失败"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His first attempt at diving ended in failure, but he refused to give up and tried again the very next day."（他第一次潜水尝试以失败告终，但他拒绝放弃，第二天就又试了一次。）（经典原句·failure 失败） 【搭配词块】 end in failure 以失败告终 / a complete failure 彻底的失败 / a failure to do 未能做 / fear of failure 对失败的恐惧 6. thrill /θrɪl/ n. 兴奋，刺激 vt. 使兴奋 【核心考点】 thrill是人物与冒险类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①兴奋，刺激——the thrill of doing sth.（做某事的刺激感）、a thrill of joy（一阵狂喜）；②（令人兴奋的）经历——Flying was a real thrill。动词用法：be thrilled to do（兴奋地做）——She was thrilled to hear the news；thrill sb.（使某人兴奋）。派生词：thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的→ a thrilling adventure；thrilled adj. 兴奋的（修饰人）；thriller n. 惊悚片。辨析：thrill（强烈兴奋激动）vs excitement（兴奋，最常用）vs delight（高兴，愉悦）vs joy（喜悦）。 【词根联想】 古英语thyrlian"刺穿"（thyrel"洞"）→ 中世纪英语thrillen"刺穿→使震颤"→ 使激动得发抖→ 兴奋。联想：thrill（刺穿→震颤→兴奋）、thrilling（令人兴奋的）、thriller（惊悚片→让人发抖的影片）。记住：thrill是"激动得发抖"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：thrill还可作动词"（使）震颤，颤动"，古义为"刺穿"，现代英语中主要指"使兴奋激动"。阅读中thrill几乎都作"兴奋刺激"理解。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every breath I consumed from the tank reminded me how thin the line is between the thrill of discovery and the danger of the deep."（我从气瓶里消耗的每一口呼吸都提醒我，发现的兴奋与深海的危险之间只有一线之隔。）（经典原句·thrill 兴奋；刺激） 【搭配词块】 the thrill of doing 做…的刺激 / be thrilled to do 兴奋地做 / thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的 / a real thrill 真正的刺激 7. fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ vt. 深深吸引，使着迷 【核心考点】 fascinate是人物与科普类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①fascinate sb.（使某人着迷）——The ocean has always fascinated me；②be fascinated by/with（被…深深吸引）——She was fascinated by the strange fish；③be fascinating（令人着迷，修饰事物）——a fascinating story。派生词：fascination n. 魅力，着迷→ have a fascination for（对…着迷）；fascinating adj. 令人着迷的→ a fascinating book；fascinated adj. 着迷的（修饰人）。辨析：fascinate（深深吸引，令人着迷）vs attract（吸引，最普通）vs charm（迷住，用魅力）vs absorb（使全神贯注）。写作金句：The underwater world fascinated me from the first moment。 【词根联想】 拉丁语fascinum"魔法，符咒"→ fascinare"施魔法"→ 像被施了魔法一样被吸引→ 使着迷。联想：fascin"魔法"→ fascinate（施魔法→着迷）、fascinating（令人着迷的）、fascination（魅力）。记住：fascinate是"被魔法迷住"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：fascinate的现在分词fascinating常用作形容词"极有趣的，迷人的"，如a fascinating story（一个引人入胜的故事）。此义在阅读中高频，注意修饰事物。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The moment I put on the diving mask, I was fascinated by the world beneath the surface of the sea."（一戴上潜水面镜，我就被海面下的世界深深吸引。）（经典原句·fascinate 使着迷） 【搭配词块】 be fascinated by 被…吸引 / a fascinating story 引人入胜的故事 / fascination n. 魅力 / have a fascination for 对…着迷 8. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系，关联；叙述 【核心考点】 relate是说明文与议论文的高频动词。用法要点：①relate A to B（把A与B联系起来）——relate the theory to practice；②be related to（与…有关）——The two events are closely related；③叙述，讲述——relate a story（讲述故事）。派生词：related adj. 相关的→ related to（与…相关）；relation n. 关系→ in relation to（关于）；relationship n. 关系；relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚；relatively adv. 相对地。辨析：relate（建立联系/叙述）vs connect（连接）vs link（链接）vs associate（联想，关联）。写作金句：Try to relate what you learn to your daily life。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lat（拉丁语latus"携带，带来"）+ -e→ 带回来、讲回来→ 叙述；联系。联想：lat"携带"→ relate（带回来→叙述）、relation（关系）、translate（翻译→带过去）、legislation（立法→带出法律）。记住：re + late = 把故事带回来讲。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relate还可表示"（使）产生共鸣，认同"，如Many students can relate to the hero's struggle（许多学生能对主人公的奋斗产生共鸣）。此义中relate to为固定搭配，口语与议论文中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"I tried to relate every movement under the water to what I had learned in the training class, and gradually I became calmer."（我努力把水下的每一个动作与训练课上学到的知识联系起来，渐渐地我变得冷静了。）（经典原句·relate 联系） 【搭配词块】 relate A to B 把A与B联系 / be related to 与…有关 / in relation to 关于 / relative adj. 相对的 9. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 【核心考点】 gradually是记叙文与说明文的高频副词。用法要点：①逐渐地，逐步地——gradually change/improve/disappear（逐渐变化/改善/消失）、gradually get used to（逐渐适应）；②常与过程类动词连用，表示渐进。形容词gradual（逐渐的）是语法填空考点——a gradual increase（逐渐增长）。辨析是高考重点：gradually（渐进地，一步一步）vs eventually（最终，终于）vs finally（最后）vs slowly（缓慢地）——gradually强调"渐进过程"，eventually强调"最终结果"。写作金句：The water gradually became colder as we went deeper。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gradus"步，台阶"→ gradualis"一步一步的"→ 逐步的。联想：grad"步"→ gradual（一步步的）、gradually（逐渐地）、grade（等级；年级→台阶）、graduate（毕业→迈出一步）、progress（进步→向前迈步）。记住：grad + ually = 一步一步地。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：gradually无常见熟词生义，但注意辨析gradually（渐进的）与eventually（最终）——He gradually got better and eventually recovered（他逐渐好转，最终康复）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the boat moved out to sea, the water gradually became colder and darker, and the shore grew smaller behind us."（船驶向大海时，海水逐渐变得寒冷幽暗，身后的海岸也越来越小。）（经典原句·gradually 逐渐地） 【搭配词块】 gradually change 逐渐变化 / gradually get used to 逐渐适应 / gradual adj. 逐渐的 / a gradual increase 逐渐增长 10. surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 包围，环绕 【核心考点】 surround是说明文与记叙文的高频动词。用法要点：①包围，环绕——surround sth.（环绕某物）、The lake is surrounded by trees；②be surrounded by/with（被…包围）——She was surrounded by friends；③surrounding adj. 周围的→ the surrounding area（周边地区）。派生词：surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物→ natural surroundings（自然环境）、beautiful surroundings（优美的环境）。辨析：surround（四周围绕）vs encircle（环绕成圈）vs wrap（包裹）vs enclose（围住，围起）。写作金句：The island is surrounded by clear blue water on every side。 【词根联想】 sur-（=over，在…之上/周围）+ round（圆的，环绕）→ 在四周环绕→ 包围。联想：sur-"周围"→ surround（四周环绕→包围）、surroundings（周围环境）、surname（姓→名之上的名字）；round（圆的）。记住：sur + round = 绕成圈围住。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：surround的过去分词surrounded常用作形容词"被…环绕的"，如a house surrounded by gardens（被花园环绕的房子）。此义中be surrounded by为被动结构，阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The water surrounded me completely, and for a moment I forgot everything except the silent blue world around me."（海水完全包围着我，那一刻我忘记了一切，只记得周围寂静的蓝色世界。）（经典原句·surround 包围） 【搭配词块】 be surrounded by 被…包围 / surrounding adj. 周围的 / surroundings n. 环境 / natural surroundings 自然环境 11. depth /depθ/ n. 深度；深处；深刻 【核心考点】 depth是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①深度——at a depth of（在…的深度）、the depth of the sea（海的深度）、in depth（深入地）；②深处——the depths of the ocean（海洋深处）；③（情感、思想的）深刻——the depth of her feelings（她情感的深沉）。派生词：deep adj. 深的→ a deep river；deeply adv. 深深地→ be deeply moved；deepen v. 加深→ deepen understanding；depth是deep的名词形式（deep→depth），词形变化是语法填空考点。辨析：depth（深度）vs height（高度）vs length（长度）vs width（宽度）。 【词根联想】 deep（深的）+ -th（名词后缀，表"状态、性质"，如width宽度、length长度、strength力量）→ 深的状态→ 深度。联想：deep（深的）→ depth（深度）、deepen（加深）、deeply（深深地）；-th后缀：wide→width、long→length、strong→strength、true→truth。记住：deep + th = 深度。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：depth还可表示"（理解的）深刻，（感情的）深沉"，如The depth of his knowledge surprised everyone（他知识的渊博让所有人惊讶）。此义中depth为抽象名词，议论文中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At a depth of only five metres, I saw fish of every colour swimming around me, and the light still danced on the sand."（在只有五米的深度，我看到五颜六色的鱼在身边游动，阳光仍在沙地上舞动。）（经典原句·depth 深度） 【搭配词块】 at a depth of 在…的深度 / in depth 深入地 / the depths of the ocean 海洋深处 / deep adj. 深的 12. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实，确认；批准 【核心考点】 confirm是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①证实，确认——confirm that...（证实…）、confirm the news/rumour（证实消息/传闻）；②confirm one's suspicion（证实怀疑）；③确认（安排、预订）——confirm a booking；④批准（任命）。派生词：confirmation n. 确认，证实→ a letter of confirmation（确认信）。辨析：confirm（证实，确认事实）vs prove（证明，用证据）vs verify（核实，验证）vs ensure（确保）。写作金句：The data confirmed that the experiment had been a success。 【词根联想】 con-（=completely，完全）+ firm（拉丁语firmus"坚固的，确定的"）→ 使完全坚固确定→ 确认。联想：firm"坚固"→ confirm（使确定→证实）、firm（公司；坚固的）、firmly（坚定地）、affirm（肯定→加强确认）、infirm（虚弱的→不坚固的）。记住：con + firm = 使之牢固确定。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：confirm还可表示"（正式）批准，认可"，如The manager confirmed her in the new position（经理正式批准她担任新职位）。此义常见于职场与官方语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When we finally surfaced, the instructor checked my air meter and smiled, which seemed to confirm that I had done everything right."（当我们最终浮出水面时，教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎确认了我做得完全正确。）（经典原句·confirm 证实；确认） 【搭配词块】 confirm that 证实… / confirm the news 证实消息 / confirmation n. 确认 / a letter of confirmation 确认信 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 consume consumption (n.) consumer (n.) consuming (adj.) consume energy / energy consumption initial initially (adv.) initiative (n.) initiate (v.) the initial plan / initially distinguish distinct (adj.) distinction (n.) distinguishable (adj.) distinguish A from B / make a distinction attempt attempted (adj.) attempts (n.pl.) attempt (v.) make an attempt to do / attempt to do failure fail (v.) failed (adj.) failing (n.) end in failure / fail to do thrill thrilling (adj.) thrilled (adj.) thriller (n.) the thrill of doing / be thrilled to do fascinate fascinating (adj.) fascinated (adj.) fascination (n.) be fascinated by / a fascinating story relate related (adj.) relation (n.) relationship (n.) relate A to B / be related to gradually gradual (adj.) grade (n.) --- gradually change / a gradual increase surround surrounding (adj.) surroundings (n.) surrounded (v.) be surrounded by / surroundings depth deep (adj.) deeply (adv.) deepen (v.) at a depth of / in depth confirm confirmation (n.) confirmed (adj.) confirming (v.) confirm that / confirmation Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）It is believed that today's children and teenagers are ____________ (consumed) three times the recommended level of sugar. 2.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）____________ (Initial) the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. 3.（2021浙江卷·阅读C·改编）Dogs may indeed be able to ____________ (distinguishing) between happy and angry human faces. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）His first ____________ (attempting) to climb the high mountain ended in failure. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The rescue team refused to accept ____________ (failing) and tried again the next morning. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The ____________ (thrilling) of diving into deep water for the first time is truly unforgettable. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The young explorer was ____________ (fascinating) by the strange fish in the dark sea. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Scientists hope to ____________ (relating) the study of fish behaviour to ocean changes. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）As the boat moved out to sea, the water ____________ (gradual) became colder and darker. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The small island is ____________ (surrounding) by clear blue water on every side. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）At a ____________ (deep) of thirty metres, the light had almost completely disappeared. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The satellite data will ____________ (confirmation) whether the volcano is active. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The diver's ____________ (consumed) of oxygen was carefully recorded every minute. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Her ____________ (initially) plan was to swim across the river, but she soon changed her mind. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）The explorer's wonderful stories ____________ (fascinating) everyone who listened to him. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 去年夏天，叔叔带我去一座小岛附近进行了第一次潜水冒险。我____________（最初的）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上潜水面镜，我就被水下世界深深____________（使着迷）。 在只有五米的____________（深度），我几乎无法把珊瑚与岩石____________（区分）开来。海水完全____________（包围）着我，我从气瓶里____________（消耗）的每一口呼吸都提醒我，兴奋与危险之间只有一线之隔。 叔叔的第一次____________（尝试）以____________（失败）告终。我努力把每一个动作与训练课上学到的____________（联系）起来，____________（逐渐地）我变得冷静而自信。 教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎____________（确认）了我做得完全正确。 Part 7 关联阅读 My grandfather was a deep-sea diver in the 1970s, and his stories have fascinated me since I was a child. His first attempt at the job nearly ended in disaster. On his third dive, he descended to a depth of forty metres to examine an old ship, but his breathing equipment failed, and he had to surface so quickly that the doctors warned him to rest for a whole month. That failure taught him a lesson he never forgot: in the sea, every small mistake can be paid for with your life, and there is no second chance down there. The warning stayed with him for the rest of his career. After that experience, he developed a set of strict rules for himself. He learned to distinguish the small warning signs in his equipment, to consume his air slowly and steadily, and to relate every dive to the weather reports and tide tables. Gradually, he became one of the most respected divers in his whole team, and young divers came to him for advice before every difficult dive. He told me that the greatest thrill of his work was never the treasure or the fame, but the moment of silence deep under the waves, when the whole world seemed to hold its breath around him. It was a feeling that no photograph could ever capture. Now in his seventies, my grandfather can no longer dive, but the sea still surrounds his life in every way. Photographs of fish and corals cover the walls of his study, and he still keeps in touch with his old teammates by letter. Every summer, he confirms my diving licence and takes me out to the reef, where he watches from the boat while I swim among the very fish he once described. His initial plan for me was to become a doctor, but after watching my joy in the water, he simply smiles and says: “The sea chooses its own children.” For me, those words mean more than any diving lesson he could ever give me. 1. What happened on the grandfather's third dive? A. He found a treasure on the old ship. B. His breathing equipment failed. C. He decided to give up diving forever. D. He was attacked by a large fish. 2. What did the grandfather learn from his early failure? A. Deep-sea diving is too dangerous to try. B. Doctors should examine divers every month. C. Small mistakes can cost a diver his life. D. Old ships are not worth examining. 3. What was the greatest thrill of the grandfather's work? A. Finding treasure and gaining fame. B. Teaching young divers new skills. C. Receiving respect from his team. D. The silence deep under the waves. 4. What does the grandfather think of the writer's love of diving? A. He supports it and enjoys sharing the sea with him. B. He thinks the writer should become a doctor first. C. He is worried that diving is too dangerous. D. He believes the writer will give it up soon. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：consume, initial, distinguish, attempt, failure, thrill, fascinate, relate, gradually, surround, depth, confirm Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Divers must use up their oxygen slowly and carefully under water. → Divers must ____________ their oxygen slowly and carefully under water. 2. At the start, my plan was to stay on the beach and watch others dive. → My ____________ plan was to stay on the beach and watch others dive. 3. It was hard to tell the coral from the rocks in the dim light. → It was hard to ____________ the coral from the rocks in the dim light. 4. His first try at diving ended badly because he swam too deep. → His first ____________ at diving ended badly because he swam too deep. 5. The rescue did not succeed, but nobody stopped looking for the lost boat. → The rescue ended in ____________, but nobody stopped looking for the lost boat. 6. The excitement of seeing a whale for the first time is hard to describe. → The ____________ of seeing a whale for the first time is hard to describe. 7. The young diver was very interested in the strange fish of the deep sea. → The young diver was ____________ by the strange fish of the deep sea. 8. Scientists are trying to connect ocean changes with the warming climate. → Scientists are trying to ____________ ocean changes with the warming climate. 9. Little by little, the boat moved away from the shore and into the open sea. → ____________, the boat moved away from the shore and into the open sea. 10. Tall mountains stood on every side of the small quiet lake. → Tall mountains ____________ the small quiet lake. 11. The cave goes down to a distance of twenty metres below the ground. → The cave goes down to a ____________ of twenty metres below the ground. 12. The weather report made sure that the typhoon had moved away from the coast. → The weather report ____________ that the typhoon had moved away from the coast. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：initial → fascinated → depth → distinguish → surrounded → consumed → thrill → attempt → failure → relate → gradually → confirm 复述模板（填空）： 我第一次潜水冒险的____________（最初的）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上面镜就被水下世界____________（使着迷）；在五米的____________（深度）几乎无法____________（区分）珊瑚与岩石，海水____________（包围）着我，每一口呼吸都在____________（消耗）气瓶的空气，兴奋（thrill）与危险一线之隔。 叔叔的第一次____________（尝试）以____________（失败）告终；我把动作与训练____________（联系）起来，____________（逐渐地）变得冷静，教练的微笑____________（确认）我做得正确。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：consume / initial / distinguish / attempt / failure / thrill / fascinate / relate / gradually / surround / depth / confirm （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 5 · What an adventure! + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last summer, my uncle took me on my first diving adventure near a small island. My initial plan was to stay on the beach, but the moment I put on the mask, I was fascinated by the world beneath the surface. At a depth of only five metres, I saw fish of every colour swimming around me, and I could hardly distinguish the coral from the rocks at first. The water surrounded me completely, and every breath I consumed from the tank reminded me how thin the line is between thrill and danger. My uncle had told me that his first attempt at diving had ended in failure, because he had used up his air too quickly. To avoid the same mistake, I tried to relate every movement to what I had learned in the training class, and gradually I became calmer and more confident. When we finally surfaced, the instructor checked my air meter and smiled, which seemed to confirm that I had done everything right. That day, I understood why so many people fall in love with the deep blue sea. 【中文译文】 去年夏天，叔叔带我去一座小岛附近进行了第一次潜水冒险。我最初的（initial）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上潜水面镜，我就被海面下的世界深深吸引（fascinate）。在只有五米的深度（depth），我看到五颜六色的鱼在身边游动，起初我几乎无法把珊瑚与岩石区分（distinguish）开来。海水完全包围（surround）着我，我从气瓶里消耗（consume）的每一口呼吸都提醒我，兴奋（thrill）与危险之间只有一线之隔。 叔叔告诉我，他第一次尝试（attempt）潜水以失败（failure）告终，因为他太快用光了空气。为了避免重蹈覆辙，我努力把每一个动作与训练课上学到的联系起来（relate），渐渐地（gradually）我变得冷静而自信。当我们最终浮出水面时，教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎确认（confirm）了我做得完全正确。那天，我明白了为什么那么多人爱上深邃的蓝色海洋。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：第一次潜水冒险→最初计划待在沙滩→被水下世界吸引→五米深处见彩鱼→起初难分珊瑚岩石→海水完全包围→消耗每一口呼吸→兴奋与危险一线之隔→叔叔首次尝试以失败告终→把动作与训练联系→渐渐冷静自信→教练查看气压表微笑→确认做对了→爱上深蓝海洋 记忆链：initial → fascinated → depth → distinguish → surrounded → consumed → thrill → attempt → failure → relate → gradually → confirm Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗，消费；吃光，喝光 ⚡考点：consume energy/food 消耗能量/食物；consumption n. 消耗量；consumer n. 消费者 2 initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的，开始的 ⚡考点：the initial plan 最初的计划；initial stage 初始阶段；initially adv. 起初；initiative n. 主动性 3 distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 区分，辨别；使有别于 ⚡考点：distinguish A from B 区分A与B；distinguish between A and B 在A与B之间辨别；be distinguished by 以…著称 4 attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试，企图 vt. 尝试 ⚡考点：make an attempt to do 尝试做；attempt to do 企图做；a successful/failed attempt 成功/失败的尝试 5 failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；故障；失败者 ⚡考点：end in failure 以失败告终；a failure to do 未能做；failure of 的故障；fail v. 失败 6 thrill /θrɪl/ n. 兴奋，刺激 vt. 使兴奋 ⚡考点：the thrill of doing 做…的刺激；be thrilled to do 兴奋地做；thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的 7 fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ vt. 深深吸引，使着迷 ⚡考点：be fascinated by 被…吸引；be fascinating 令人着迷；fascination n. 魅力 8 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系，关联；叙述 ⚡考点：relate A to B 把A与B联系；be related to 与…有关；related adj. 相关的 9 gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 ⚡考点：gradually change 逐渐变化；gradual adj. 逐渐的；辨析gradually/eventually 10 surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 包围，环绕 ⚡考点：be surrounded by/with 被…包围；surroundings n. 环境；surrounding adj. 周围的 11 depth /depθ/ n. 深度；深处；深刻 ⚡考点：at a depth of 在…的深度；in depth 深入地；deep adj. 深的；deepen v. 加深 12 confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实，确认；批准 ⚡考点：confirm that 证实…；confirm the news 证实消息；confirmation n. 确认 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗，消费；吃光，喝光 【核心考点】 consume是说明文与经济类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①消耗（资源、能量）——consume energy/water/time（消耗能量/水/时间）；②消费（商品）——consume goods and services；③吃光喝光——consume a whole cake。派生词是语法填空高频考点：consumption n. 消耗量，消费→ energy consumption（能源消耗）、the consumption of sugar（糖的摄入量）；consumer n. 消费者→ consumer rights（消费者权益）；consuming adj. 消耗的。辨析：consume（消耗/消费，正式）vs use up（用完，口语）vs spend（花费时间/金钱）vs waste（浪费）。 【词根联想】 con-（=completely，完全）+ sum（拉丁语sumere"拿取"）+ -e→ 完全拿走、用尽→ 消耗。联想：sum"拿取"→ consume（完全拿走→消耗）、consumer（消费者）、consumption（消耗）、assume（假定→拿来用）、resume（恢复→重新拿取）。记住：con + sume = 全部拿走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：consume还可表示"（火）烧毁，（情感）吞噬"，如The fire consumed the whole building（大火吞噬了整栋楼）、He was consumed with jealousy（他被嫉妒吞噬）。此义在文学与新闻语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·consuming 现在分词作谓语）"It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease."（据认为，如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是建议水平的三倍，使他们患上这种疾病的风险更高。）（真题原句·consume 消耗；摄入） 【搭配词块】 consume energy 消耗能量 / energy consumption 能源消耗 / consumer n. 消费者 / be consumed by 被…吞噬 2. initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的，开始的 【核心考点】 initial是说明文与记叙文的高频形容词。用法要点：①最初的，开始的——the initial plan/stage/response（最初的计划/阶段/反应）、initial impression（第一印象）；②无比较级。副词initially（起初）是语法填空高频考点——Initially, the plan seemed impossible。派生词：initiative n. 主动性，倡议→ take the initiative（采取主动）；initiate v. 发起。辨析：initial（最初的，起点的）vs first（第一个）vs original（原始的，最初的）vs primary（首要的）。写作金句：My initial plan was to stay on the beach。 【词根联想】 拉丁语initium"开始，开端"（源自inire"进入"，in-进入+ire走）→ 走进门槛→ 开始的。联想：it"走"→ initial（起步→最初的）、initially（起初）、initiative（主动性→先走一步）、exit（出口→走出去）、itinerary（行程）。记住：initium是"入门"，initial就是"入门时的"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：initial还可作名词复数initials"（姓名的）首字母"，如She signed the letter with her initials（她用姓名首字母签了信）。此义在应用文与书信类语篇中可见。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·Initially 副词作状语）"Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury."（起初，预计糖税每年能为英国财政部带来5.2亿英镑的收入。）（真题原句·initial 最初的） 【搭配词块】 the initial plan 最初的计划 / initial stage 初始阶段 / initially adv. 起初 / take the initiative 采取主动 3. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 区分，辨别；使有别于 【核心考点】 distinguish是说明文与科普类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①distinguish A from B（把A与B区分开）——distinguish right from wrong（明辨是非）；②distinguish between A and B（在A与B之间辨别）——distinguish between facts and opinions；③使有别于——What distinguishes this school is...（这所学校的不同之处在于…）；④be distinguished for/by（以…著称）。派生词：distinct adj. 明显的，不同的；distinction n. 区别→ make a distinction between；distinguishable adj. 可辨别的。辨析：distinguish（辨别细微差别）vs tell A from B（区分，口语）vs differentiate（区分，正式）vs recognize（认出）。 【词根联想】 dis-（=apart，分开）+ stingu（拉丁语stinguere"刺，使分开"）+ -ish（动词后缀）→ 刺分开来→ 区分。联想：stingu"刺，分开"→ distinguish（分开→区分）、distinct（分开的→明显的）、extinguish（扑灭→刺灭）、instinct（本能→内在的推动）。记住：dis + tinguish = 分开来辨别。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：distinguish还可表示"（使）杰出，使著名"，如She distinguished herself as a writer（她作为作家而出类拔萃）。此义中distinguish oneself为固定搭配，人物类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·浙江卷6月·阅读C·distinguish between 作谓语）"Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study."（根据一项新研究，狗可能确实能够区分人类快乐与愤怒的面孔。）（真题原句·distinguish 区分） 【搭配词块】 distinguish A from B 区分A与B / distinguish between 在…之间辨别 / be distinguished by 以…著称 / distinction n. 区别 4. attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试，企图 vt. 尝试 【核心考点】 attempt是人物与情节类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①make an attempt to do sth.（尝试做某事）；②a successful/failed attempt（成功/失败的尝试）；③at one's first attempt（第一次尝试时）。动词用法：attempt to do sth.（企图做某事）——She attempted to climb the mountain。派生词：attempted adj. 未遂的→ attempted murder（谋杀未遂）。辨析：attempt（较正式的努力尝试）vs try（尝试，最普通）vs strive（努力奋斗）vs manage（设法做成）。写作金句：His first attempt at diving ended in failure。 【词根联想】 at-（=ad-，向，to）+ tempt（拉丁语temptare"尝试，试探"）→ 向目标试探→ 尝试。联想：tempt"试探"→ attempt（尝试）、tempt（引诱→试探人心）、temptation（诱惑）、contempt（轻蔑→轻视试探）。记住：at + tempt = 朝目标试一把。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attempt还可作动词"企图（做坏事）"，如He attempted to break into the house（他企图闯入那栋房子）。此义中attempt略带贬义，新闻语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"My uncle told me that his first attempt at diving had ended in failure, because he had used up his air too quickly."（叔叔告诉我，他第一次尝试潜水以失败告终，因为他太快用光了空气。）（经典原句·attempt 尝试） 【搭配词块】 make an attempt to do 尝试做 / a successful attempt 成功的尝试 / at one's first attempt 在第一次尝试时 / attempt to do 企图做 5. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；故障；失败者 【核心考点】 failure是人物与励志类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①失败——end in failure（以失败告终）、a complete failure（彻底的失败）、fear of failure（对失败的恐惧）；②未能做——a failure to do sth.（未能做某事）；③故障——engine failure（发动机故障）；④失败者，失败的事——The party was a failure。派生词：fail v. 失败→ fail to do（未能做）、fail the exam（考试不及格）；failed adj. 失败的。辨析：failure（失败）vs defeat（战败，被击败）vs disappointment（令人失望的事）vs collapse（崩溃，倒塌）。写作金句：Failure is the mother of success。 【词根联想】 拉丁语fallere"使失望，欺骗"→ fallere的过去分词falsus→ 法语faillir"失足"→ failure（失足→失败）。联想：fail"失"→ failure（失败）、fail（失败；不及格）、fault（过错→失误）、false（错误的→骗人的）。记住：fail + ure = 失足落空。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：failure还可指"（机器、系统的）故障，失灵"，如a power failure（停电）、heart failure（心力衰竭）。此义在科技与医疗类语篇中常见，注意与"失败"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His first attempt at diving ended in failure, but he refused to give up and tried again the very next day."（他第一次潜水尝试以失败告终，但他拒绝放弃，第二天就又试了一次。）（经典原句·failure 失败） 【搭配词块】 end in failure 以失败告终 / a complete failure 彻底的失败 / a failure to do 未能做 / fear of failure 对失败的恐惧 6. thrill /θrɪl/ n. 兴奋，刺激 vt. 使兴奋 【核心考点】 thrill是人物与冒险类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①兴奋，刺激——the thrill of doing sth.（做某事的刺激感）、a thrill of joy（一阵狂喜）；②（令人兴奋的）经历——Flying was a real thrill。动词用法：be thrilled to do（兴奋地做）——She was thrilled to hear the news；thrill sb.（使某人兴奋）。派生词：thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的→ a thrilling adventure；thrilled adj. 兴奋的（修饰人）；thriller n. 惊悚片。辨析：thrill（强烈兴奋激动）vs excitement（兴奋，最常用）vs delight（高兴，愉悦）vs joy（喜悦）。 【词根联想】 古英语thyrlian"刺穿"（thyrel"洞"）→ 中世纪英语thrillen"刺穿→使震颤"→ 使激动得发抖→ 兴奋。联想：thrill（刺穿→震颤→兴奋）、thrilling（令人兴奋的）、thriller（惊悚片→让人发抖的影片）。记住：thrill是"激动得发抖"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：thrill还可作动词"（使）震颤，颤动"，古义为"刺穿"，现代英语中主要指"使兴奋激动"。阅读中thrill几乎都作"兴奋刺激"理解。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every breath I consumed from the tank reminded me how thin the line is between the thrill of discovery and the danger of the deep."（我从气瓶里消耗的每一口呼吸都提醒我，发现的兴奋与深海的危险之间只有一线之隔。）（经典原句·thrill 兴奋；刺激） 【搭配词块】 the thrill of doing 做…的刺激 / be thrilled to do 兴奋地做 / thrilling adj. 令人兴奋的 / a real thrill 真正的刺激 7. fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ vt. 深深吸引，使着迷 【核心考点】 fascinate是人物与科普类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①fascinate sb.（使某人着迷）——The ocean has always fascinated me；②be fascinated by/with（被…深深吸引）——She was fascinated by the strange fish；③be fascinating（令人着迷，修饰事物）——a fascinating story。派生词：fascination n. 魅力，着迷→ have a fascination for（对…着迷）；fascinating adj. 令人着迷的→ a fascinating book；fascinated adj. 着迷的（修饰人）。辨析：fascinate（深深吸引，令人着迷）vs attract（吸引，最普通）vs charm（迷住，用魅力）vs absorb（使全神贯注）。写作金句：The underwater world fascinated me from the first moment。 【词根联想】 拉丁语fascinum"魔法，符咒"→ fascinare"施魔法"→ 像被施了魔法一样被吸引→ 使着迷。联想：fascin"魔法"→ fascinate（施魔法→着迷）、fascinating（令人着迷的）、fascination（魅力）。记住：fascinate是"被魔法迷住"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：fascinate的现在分词fascinating常用作形容词"极有趣的，迷人的"，如a fascinating story（一个引人入胜的故事）。此义在阅读中高频，注意修饰事物。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The moment I put on the diving mask, I was fascinated by the world beneath the surface of the sea."（一戴上潜水面镜，我就被海面下的世界深深吸引。）（经典原句·fascinate 使着迷） 【搭配词块】 be fascinated by 被…吸引 / a fascinating story 引人入胜的故事 / fascination n. 魅力 / have a fascination for 对…着迷 8. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系，关联；叙述 【核心考点】 relate是说明文与议论文的高频动词。用法要点：①relate A to B（把A与B联系起来）——relate the theory to practice；②be related to（与…有关）——The two events are closely related；③叙述，讲述——relate a story（讲述故事）。派生词：related adj. 相关的→ related to（与…相关）；relation n. 关系→ in relation to（关于）；relationship n. 关系；relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚；relatively adv. 相对地。辨析：relate（建立联系/叙述）vs connect（连接）vs link（链接）vs associate（联想，关联）。写作金句：Try to relate what you learn to your daily life。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lat（拉丁语latus"携带，带来"）+ -e→ 带回来、讲回来→ 叙述；联系。联想：lat"携带"→ relate（带回来→叙述）、relation（关系）、translate（翻译→带过去）、legislation（立法→带出法律）。记住：re + late = 把故事带回来讲。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relate还可表示"（使）产生共鸣，认同"，如Many students can relate to the hero's struggle（许多学生能对主人公的奋斗产生共鸣）。此义中relate to为固定搭配，口语与议论文中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"I tried to relate every movement under the water to what I had learned in the training class, and gradually I became calmer."（我努力把水下的每一个动作与训练课上学到的知识联系起来，渐渐地我变得冷静了。）（经典原句·relate 联系） 【搭配词块】 relate A to B 把A与B联系 / be related to 与…有关 / in relation to 关于 / relative adj. 相对的 9. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 【核心考点】 gradually是记叙文与说明文的高频副词。用法要点：①逐渐地，逐步地——gradually change/improve/disappear（逐渐变化/改善/消失）、gradually get used to（逐渐适应）；②常与过程类动词连用，表示渐进。形容词gradual（逐渐的）是语法填空考点——a gradual increase（逐渐增长）。辨析是高考重点：gradually（渐进地，一步一步）vs eventually（最终，终于）vs finally（最后）vs slowly（缓慢地）——gradually强调"渐进过程"，eventually强调"最终结果"。写作金句：The water gradually became colder as we went deeper。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gradus"步，台阶"→ gradualis"一步一步的"→ 逐步的。联想：grad"步"→ gradual（一步步的）、gradually（逐渐地）、grade（等级；年级→台阶）、graduate（毕业→迈出一步）、progress（进步→向前迈步）。记住：grad + ually = 一步一步地。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：gradually无常见熟词生义，但注意辨析gradually（渐进的）与eventually（最终）——He gradually got better and eventually recovered（他逐渐好转，最终康复）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"As the boat moved out to sea, the water gradually became colder and darker, and the shore grew smaller behind us."（船驶向大海时，海水逐渐变得寒冷幽暗，身后的海岸也越来越小。）（经典原句·gradually 逐渐地） 【搭配词块】 gradually change 逐渐变化 / gradually get used to 逐渐适应 / gradual adj. 逐渐的 / a gradual increase 逐渐增长 10. surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 包围，环绕 【核心考点】 surround是说明文与记叙文的高频动词。用法要点：①包围，环绕——surround sth.（环绕某物）、The lake is surrounded by trees；②be surrounded by/with（被…包围）——She was surrounded by friends；③surrounding adj. 周围的→ the surrounding area（周边地区）。派生词：surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物→ natural surroundings（自然环境）、beautiful surroundings（优美的环境）。辨析：surround（四周围绕）vs encircle（环绕成圈）vs wrap（包裹）vs enclose（围住，围起）。写作金句：The island is surrounded by clear blue water on every side。 【词根联想】 sur-（=over，在…之上/周围）+ round（圆的，环绕）→ 在四周环绕→ 包围。联想：sur-"周围"→ surround（四周环绕→包围）、surroundings（周围环境）、surname（姓→名之上的名字）；round（圆的）。记住：sur + round = 绕成圈围住。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：surround的过去分词surrounded常用作形容词"被…环绕的"，如a house surrounded by gardens（被花园环绕的房子）。此义中be surrounded by为被动结构，阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The water surrounded me completely, and for a moment I forgot everything except the silent blue world around me."（海水完全包围着我，那一刻我忘记了一切，只记得周围寂静的蓝色世界。）（经典原句·surround 包围） 【搭配词块】 be surrounded by 被…包围 / surrounding adj. 周围的 / surroundings n. 环境 / natural surroundings 自然环境 11. depth /depθ/ n. 深度；深处；深刻 【核心考点】 depth是说明文与地理类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①深度——at a depth of（在…的深度）、the depth of the sea（海的深度）、in depth（深入地）；②深处——the depths of the ocean（海洋深处）；③（情感、思想的）深刻——the depth of her feelings（她情感的深沉）。派生词：deep adj. 深的→ a deep river；deeply adv. 深深地→ be deeply moved；deepen v. 加深→ deepen understanding；depth是deep的名词形式（deep→depth），词形变化是语法填空考点。辨析：depth（深度）vs height（高度）vs length（长度）vs width（宽度）。 【词根联想】 deep（深的）+ -th（名词后缀，表"状态、性质"，如width宽度、length长度、strength力量）→ 深的状态→ 深度。联想：deep（深的）→ depth（深度）、deepen（加深）、deeply（深深地）；-th后缀：wide→width、long→length、strong→strength、true→truth。记住：deep + th = 深度。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：depth还可表示"（理解的）深刻，（感情的）深沉"，如The depth of his knowledge surprised everyone（他知识的渊博让所有人惊讶）。此义中depth为抽象名词，议论文中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At a depth of only five metres, I saw fish of every colour swimming around me, and the light still danced on the sand."（在只有五米的深度，我看到五颜六色的鱼在身边游动，阳光仍在沙地上舞动。）（经典原句·depth 深度） 【搭配词块】 at a depth of 在…的深度 / in depth 深入地 / the depths of the ocean 海洋深处 / deep adj. 深的 12. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ vt. 证实，确认；批准 【核心考点】 confirm是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①证实，确认——confirm that...（证实…）、confirm the news/rumour（证实消息/传闻）；②confirm one's suspicion（证实怀疑）；③确认（安排、预订）——confirm a booking；④批准（任命）。派生词：confirmation n. 确认，证实→ a letter of confirmation（确认信）。辨析：confirm（证实，确认事实）vs prove（证明，用证据）vs verify（核实，验证）vs ensure（确保）。写作金句：The data confirmed that the experiment had been a success。 【词根联想】 con-（=completely，完全）+ firm（拉丁语firmus"坚固的，确定的"）→ 使完全坚固确定→ 确认。联想：firm"坚固"→ confirm（使确定→证实）、firm（公司；坚固的）、firmly（坚定地）、affirm（肯定→加强确认）、infirm（虚弱的→不坚固的）。记住：con + firm = 使之牢固确定。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：confirm还可表示"（正式）批准，认可"，如The manager confirmed her in the new position（经理正式批准她担任新职位）。此义常见于职场与官方语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When we finally surfaced, the instructor checked my air meter and smiled, which seemed to confirm that I had done everything right."（当我们最终浮出水面时，教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎确认了我做得完全正确。）（经典原句·confirm 证实；确认） 【搭配词块】 confirm that 证实… / confirm the news 证实消息 / confirmation n. 确认 / a letter of confirmation 确认信 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 consume consumption (n.) consumer (n.) consuming (adj.) consume energy / energy consumption initial initially (adv.) initiative (n.) initiate (v.) the initial plan / initially distinguish distinct (adj.) distinction (n.) distinguishable (adj.) distinguish A from B / make a distinction attempt attempted (adj.) attempts (n.pl.) attempt (v.) make an attempt to do / attempt to do failure fail (v.) failed (adj.) failing (n.) end in failure / fail to do thrill thrilling (adj.) thrilled (adj.) thriller (n.) the thrill of doing / be thrilled to do fascinate fascinating (adj.) fascinated (adj.) fascination (n.) be fascinated by / a fascinating story relate related (adj.) relation (n.) relationship (n.) relate A to B / be related to gradually gradual (adj.) grade (n.) --- gradually change / a gradual increase surround surrounding (adj.) surroundings (n.) surrounded (v.) be surrounded by / surroundings depth deep (adj.) deeply (adv.) deepen (v.) at a depth of / in depth confirm confirmation (n.) confirmed (adj.) confirming (v.) confirm that / confirmation Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）It is believed that today's children and teenagers are ____________ (consumed) three times the recommended level of sugar. 2.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）____________ (Initial) the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. 3.（2021浙江卷·阅读C·改编）Dogs may indeed be able to ____________ (distinguishing) between happy and angry human faces. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）His first ____________ (attempting) to climb the high mountain ended in failure. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The rescue team refused to accept ____________ (failing) and tried again the next morning. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The ____________ (thrilling) of diving into deep water for the first time is truly unforgettable. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The young explorer was ____________ (fascinating) by the strange fish in the dark sea. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Scientists hope to ____________ (relating) the study of fish behaviour to ocean changes. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）As the boat moved out to sea, the water ____________ (gradual) became colder and darker. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The small island is ____________ (surrounding) by clear blue water on every side. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）At a ____________ (deep) of thirty metres, the light had almost completely disappeared. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The satellite data will ____________ (confirmation) whether the volcano is active. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The diver's ____________ (consumed) of oxygen was carefully recorded every minute. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Her ____________ (initially) plan was to swim across the river, but she soon changed her mind. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）The explorer's wonderful stories ____________ (fascinating) everyone who listened to him. 【答案】 1. consuming 2. Initially 3. distinguish 4. attempt 5. failure 6. thrill 7. fascinated 8. relate 9. gradually 10. surrounded 11. depth 12. confirm 13. consumption 14. initial 15. fascinated 【逐题解析】 1. consuming — 提示词consumed为过去分词，are + 现在分词构成现在进行时consuming。 2. Initially — 提示词Initial为形容词，修饰整个句子须用副词Initially，置于句首。 3. distinguish — 提示词distinguishing为动名词，be able to后须接动词原形。 4. attempt — 提示词attempting为动名词，形容词first后须接名词单数attempt。 5. failure — 提示词failing为动名词，动词accept后须接名词failure。 6. thrill — 提示词thrilling为动名词/形容词，定冠词the后须接名词，the thrill of意为"…的刺激"。 7. fascinated — 提示词fascinating为现在分词，be fascinated by为固定搭配，意为"被…吸引"。 8. relate — 提示词relating为动名词，hope to do中to后须接动词原形relate。 9. gradually — 提示词gradual为形容词，修饰动词became须用副词gradually。 10. surrounded — 提示词surrounding为动名词，be surrounded by为固定搭配，意为"被…环绕"。 11. depth — 提示词deep为形容词，at a depth of为固定搭配，须用名词形式。 12. confirm — 提示词confirmation为名词，will后须接动词原形confirm。 13. consumption — 提示词consumed为过去分词，所有格后须接名词consumption，意为"消耗量"。 14. initial — 提示词initially为副词，修饰名词plan须用形容词initial。 15. fascinated — 提示词fascinating为现在分词，主语stories与fascinate为主动关系，一般过去时用fascinated。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 去年夏天，叔叔带我去一座小岛附近进行了第一次潜水冒险。我____________（最初的）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上潜水面镜，我就被水下世界深深____________（使着迷）。 在只有五米的____________（深度），我几乎无法把珊瑚与岩石____________（区分）开来。海水完全____________（包围）着我，我从气瓶里____________（消耗）的每一口呼吸都提醒我，兴奋与危险之间只有一线之隔。 叔叔的第一次____________（尝试）以____________（失败）告终。我努力把每一个动作与训练课上学到的____________（联系）起来，____________（逐渐地）我变得冷静而自信。 教练查看了我的气压表并微笑，这似乎____________（确认）了我做得完全正确。 【答案】 initial; fascinated; depth; distinguish; surrounded; consumed; attempt; failure; relate; gradually; confirm Part 7 关联阅读 My grandfather was a deep-sea diver in the 1970s, and his stories have fascinated me since I was a child. His first attempt at the job nearly ended in disaster. On his third dive, he descended to a depth of forty metres to examine an old ship, but his breathing equipment failed, and he had to surface so quickly that the doctors warned him to rest for a whole month. That failure taught him a lesson he never forgot: in the sea, every small mistake can be paid for with your life, and there is no second chance down there. The warning stayed with him for the rest of his career. After that experience, he developed a set of strict rules for himself. He learned to distinguish the small warning signs in his equipment, to consume his air slowly and steadily, and to relate every dive to the weather reports and tide tables. Gradually, he became one of the most respected divers in his whole team, and young divers came to him for advice before every difficult dive. He told me that the greatest thrill of his work was never the treasure or the fame, but the moment of silence deep under the waves, when the whole world seemed to hold its breath around him. It was a feeling that no photograph could ever capture. Now in his seventies, my grandfather can no longer dive, but the sea still surrounds his life in every way. Photographs of fish and corals cover the walls of his study, and he still keeps in touch with his old teammates by letter. Every summer, he confirms my diving licence and takes me out to the reef, where he watches from the boat while I swim among the very fish he once described. His initial plan for me was to become a doctor, but after watching my joy in the water, he simply smiles and says: “The sea chooses its own children.” For me, those words mean more than any diving lesson he could ever give me. 1. What happened on the grandfather's third dive? A. He found a treasure on the old ship. B. His breathing equipment failed. C. He decided to give up diving forever. D. He was attacked by a large fish. 2. What did the grandfather learn from his early failure? A. Deep-sea diving is too dangerous to try. B. Doctors should examine divers every month. C. Small mistakes can cost a diver his life. D. Old ships are not worth examining. 3. What was the greatest thrill of the grandfather's work? A. Finding treasure and gaining fame. B. Teaching young divers new skills. C. Receiving respect from his team. D. The silence deep under the waves. 4. What does the grandfather think of the writer's love of diving? A. He supports it and enjoys sharing the sea with him. B. He thinks the writer should become a doctor first. C. He is worried that diving is too dangerous. D. He believes the writer will give it up soon. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代第三次潜水的事故——"On his third dive, he descended to a depth of forty metres...but his breathing equipment failed"，爷爷第三次潜水时下潜到四十米深处，但呼吸设备出现故障，与B项His breathing equipment failed完全对应，故选B。A项"发现宝藏"、C项"永远放弃潜水"、D项"被大鱼攻击"在文中均未提及。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末句是解题句——"That failure taught him a lesson he never forgot: in the sea, every small mistake can be paid for with your life"，那次失败让爷爷明白：在海上，每一个小错误都可能用生命来偿还，与C项Small mistakes can cost a diver his life吻合，故选C。A项"潜水太危险不该尝试"与爷爷此后继续潜水的事实矛盾；B、D两项无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段末句直接说明——"the greatest thrill of his work was never the treasure or the fame, but the moment of silence deep under the waves"，工作最大的刺激不是宝藏或名声，而是深海之下的寂静时刻，与D项The silence deep under the waves一致，故选D。A项"寻宝成名"被原文明确否定；B项"教新潜水员"、C项"获得团队尊重"均非"最大刺激"。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段描写爷爷的态度——"he confirms my diving licence and takes me out to the reef, where he watches from the boat while I swim"，爷爷确认作者的潜水执照、带作者去礁区并在船上看着作者畅游，最后一句"The sea chooses its own children"更表明他对作者与海的情缘感到欣慰，与A项He supports it and enjoys sharing the sea with him吻合，故选A。B项"应先当医生"与末段"his initial plan...simply smiles"矛盾；C项"担心危险"、D项"认为作者会放弃"与爷爷的行动和言语不符。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：consume, initial, distinguish, attempt, failure, thrill, fascinate, relate, gradually, surround, depth, confirm Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Divers must use up their oxygen slowly and carefully under water. → Divers must ____________ their oxygen slowly and carefully under water. 2. At the start, my plan was to stay on the beach and watch others dive. → My ____________ plan was to stay on the beach and watch others dive. 3. It was hard to tell the coral from the rocks in the dim light. → It was hard to ____________ the coral from the rocks in the dim light. 4. His first try at diving ended badly because he swam too deep. → His first ____________ at diving ended badly because he swam too deep. 5. The rescue did not succeed, but nobody stopped looking for the lost boat. → The rescue ended in ____________, but nobody stopped looking for the lost boat. 6. The excitement of seeing a whale for the first time is hard to describe. → The ____________ of seeing a whale for the first time is hard to describe. 7. The young diver was very interested in the strange fish of the deep sea. → The young diver was ____________ by the strange fish of the deep sea. 8. Scientists are trying to connect ocean changes with the warming climate. → Scientists are trying to ____________ ocean changes with the warming climate. 9. Little by little, the boat moved away from the shore and into the open sea. → ____________, the boat moved away from the shore and into the open sea. 10. Tall mountains stood on every side of the small quiet lake. → Tall mountains ____________ the small quiet lake. 11. The cave goes down to a distance of twenty metres below the ground. → The cave goes down to a ____________ of twenty metres below the ground. 12. The weather report made sure that the typhoon had moved away from the coast. → The weather report ____________ that the typhoon had moved away from the coast. 【答案】 1. consume 2. initial 3. distinguish 4. attempt 5. failure 6. thrill 7. fascinated 8. relate 9. Gradually 10. surrounded 11. depth 12. confirmed Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：initial → fascinated → depth → distinguish → surrounded → consumed → thrill → attempt → failure → relate → gradually → confirm 复述模板（填空）： 我第一次潜水冒险的____________（最初的）计划是待在沙滩上，但一戴上面镜就被水下世界____________（使着迷）；在五米的____________（深度）几乎无法____________（区分）珊瑚与岩石，海水____________（包围）着我，每一口呼吸都在____________（消耗）气瓶的空气，兴奋（thrill）与危险一线之隔。 叔叔的第一次____________（尝试）以____________（失败）告终；我把动作与训练____________（联系）起来，____________（逐渐地）变得冷静，教练的微笑____________（确认）我做得正确。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：initial; fascinated; depth; distinguish; surrounded; consumed; attempt; failure; relate; gradually; confirm 复述模板参考版本： My initial plan was to stay on the beach, but the moment I put on the mask, I was fascinated by the world beneath the surface. At a depth of only five metres, I could hardly distinguish the coral from the rocks. The water surrounded me completely, and every breath I consumed reminded me of the line between thrill and danger. My uncle's first attempt at diving had ended in failure, so I tried to relate every movement to the training class, and gradually I became calmer. The instructor's smile seemed to confirm that I had done everything right. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $