专题02 Unit 2 Making a difference-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统整合12个高考高频词汇，以语境串记语篇为核心构建记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表梳理考点，形成“词汇-搭配-语篇”的层级知识网络。通过问题导向设计复述模板、语篇默写等任务，引导学生自主关联词汇用法与语境意义，提升语言理解与表达能力。 亮点在于自主学习支持与思维品质培养，如Part 5语法填空整合真题改编题，Part 9设置记忆链复述模板供学生自测诊断。通过词根联想、近义词辨析训练逻辑思维，写作词汇升级任务助力语言运用迁移。教师可依托学情数据精准指导，帮助学生建立个性化复习体系，有效培养自主学习能力。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：donate / hesitate / earn / contribution / relief / effective / perseverance / extend / generous / aid / obtain / mission （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 2 · Making a difference + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In our small town, there is a seventy-year-old retired teacher named Mr Lin. Every month, he donates part of his pension to the school library and helps poor students earn money by giving weekend tutoring. His contribution does not stop there: he also organises a book-sharing club, which brings great relief to families who cannot afford new books. His simple but effective way of helping — one book at a time — has inspired many young people to be generous with their own time and talents. When I asked Mr Lin what kept him going, he did not hesitate. “Giving is not a duty; it is a mission,” he said with a warm smile. “With perseverance, even a small group of people can make a real difference.” Last year, he managed to obtain a set of new computers for the club and helped extend the reading room into two extra classrooms. He is now planning to offer first aid training to local volunteers, so that more people can lend a hand when help is needed most. 【中文译文】 在我们的小镇上，住着一位七十岁的退休教师林老师。每个月，他都把部分退休金捐赠（donate）给学校图书馆，并通过周末辅导帮助贫困学生挣钱（earn）。他的贡献（contribution）不止于此：他还组织了一个图书分享俱乐部，这给买不起新书的家庭带来了极大的宽慰（relief）。他这种简单而有效（effective）的帮助方式——一次一本书——激励了许多年轻人慷慨（generous）地付出自己的时间和才能。 当我问林老师是什么让他坚持时，他毫不犹豫（hesitate）。"给予不是责任，而是使命（mission），"他微笑着说。"凭借毅力（perseverance），即使是一小群人也能带来真正的改变。"去年，他设法获得（obtain）了一套新电脑给俱乐部，并帮助把阅览室扩展（extend）成两间额外的教室。他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救（aid）培训，以便在最需要帮助时能有更多人伸出援手。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：退休教师每月捐赠养老金→帮贫困学生挣钱→贡献不止于此→图书俱乐部带来宽慰→简单而有效的帮助方式→激励年轻人慷慨付出→问到坚持的原因毫不犹豫→给予是使命→凭毅力带来改变→设法获得新电脑→扩展阅览室→计划提供急救培训 记忆链：donates → earn → contribution → relief → effective → generous → hesitate → mission → perseverance → obtain → extend → aid Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，捐献 ⚡考点：donate sth. to 把…捐给；donate blood 献血；donation n. 捐赠物；donor n. 捐赠者 2 hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫，踌躇；不情愿 ⚡考点：hesitate to do 不愿做；without hesitation 毫不犹豫；hesitation n. 犹豫 3 earn /ɜːn/ vt. 挣得，赚得；赢得，获得 ⚡考点：earn money/a living 挣钱/谋生；earn respect 赢得尊重；过去式earned 4 contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 ⚡考点：make a contribution to 对…做出贡献；contribute to 有助于；contributor n. 投稿者 5 relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰，解脱；救济 ⚡考点：to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是；in relief 松了口气；relief supplies 救济物资 6 effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的 ⚡考点：an effective way/method 有效的方法；be effective in doing 在做…方面有效；effectively adv. 有效地 7 perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力，坚持不懈 ⚡考点：with perseverance 以毅力；persevere in doing 坚持做；perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的 8 extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 扩展，延伸；延长；提供（帮助） ⚡考点：extend sth. to 把…延伸到；extend a deadline 延长截止日期；extend help to 向…提供帮助 9 generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的 ⚡考点：be generous with 在…方面大方；It is generous of sb. to do 某人做…真大方；generosity n. 慷慨 10 aid /eɪd/ n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备 vt. 帮助 ⚡考点：first aid 急救；with the aid of 借助；aid sb. in doing 帮助某人做 11 obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，得到 ⚡考点：obtain permission/information 获得许可/信息；obtain sth. from 从…获得；同义词acquire 12 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 使命，任务；代表团 ⚡考点：a mission to do 做…的使命；accomplish a mission 完成使命；missionary adj. 传教的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，捐献 【核心考点】 donate是公益与人物类语篇的高频动词，本单元Making a difference的核心词。用法要点：①donate sth. to sb./sp.（把…捐给…）——donate books to the school library；②donate blood（献血）；③donate money to charity（向慈善机构捐款）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物→ make a donation to（向…捐款）；donor n. 捐赠者→ blood donors（献血者）；donated adj. 被捐赠的。辨析：donate（捐钱物）vs contribute（贡献，也指促成/投稿）vs give（给，最普通）vs devote（奉献时间精力）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语donare"给予，赠送"（源自donum"礼物"）→ 送出礼物→ 捐赠。联想：don"给予"→ donate（送出→捐赠）、donation（捐赠物）、donor（捐赠者）、pardon（原谅→完全宽恕）、condone（宽恕→一起给予）。记住：donare是"赠礼"，donate就是把礼物送出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：donate的名词donation还可指"（向机构捐献的）捐款、捐赠物"，如The library received a large donation of books（图书馆收到大批图书捐赠）。此义在新闻与公益类语篇中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·donated/donations 形容词与名词形式）"Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields."（去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集本会烂在田里的瑕疵农产品，回收了超过80.75万磅食物。）（真题原句·donate 捐赠） 【搭配词块】 donate sth. to 把…捐给 / donate blood 献血 / make a donation to 向…捐款 / donor n. 捐赠者 2. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫，踌躇；不情愿 【核心考点】 hesitate是人物与情节类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①hesitate to do sth.（不愿做某事）——She hesitated to ask for help；②hesitate about/over（对…犹豫不决）——He hesitated over the choice；③hesitate at nothing（毫不犹豫）。名词hesitation是语法填空高频考点：without hesitation（毫不犹豫地）——She jumped into the water without hesitation。派生词：hesitation n. 犹豫；hesitant adj. 犹豫的→ be hesitant to do。辨析：hesitate（因担心而犹豫）vs pause（短暂停顿）vs delay（推迟）vs waver（动摇）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语haesitare"黏住，迟疑"（haerere"黏附"的反复形式）→ 脚步被黏住迈不开→ 犹豫。联想：haes"黏"→ hesitate（被黏住→犹豫）、hesitation（犹豫）、coherent（连贯的→黏合在一起的）、adhere（黏附→坚持）。记住：脚像被胶黏住，就是hesitate。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：hesitate还可表示"（礼貌地）不愿意，碍于情面"，如I hesitate to trouble you, but could you help me?（本不愿打扰你，但你能帮我一下吗？）。此义在应用文与口语化语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·hesitated 一般过去时作谓语）"He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run."（他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不跑了。）（真题原句·hesitate 犹豫） 【搭配词块】 hesitate to do 不愿做 / without hesitation 毫不犹豫 / hesitate about 对…犹豫 / hesitant adj. 犹豫的 3. earn /ɜːn/ vt. 挣得，赚得；赢得，获得 【核心考点】 earn是人物与经济类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①挣钱——earn money/a living（挣钱/谋生）、earn a salary（挣工资）；②赢得（尊重、信任等抽象事物）——earn respect/trust（赢得尊重/信任）、earn a reputation（赢得声誉）；③earn sb. sth.（为某人赢得某物，双宾语）——His honesty earned him the trust of everyone。动词变化：earn—earned—earned。辨析：earn（靠劳动挣得/赢得）vs gain（获得，得到）vs win（赢得比赛/胜利）vs make（挣钱，口语make money）。 【词根联想】 古英语earnian"收割庄稼，劳作得酬"→ 通过劳作获得报酬→ 挣得；赢得。联想：earn（收割的辛劳→挣得）、earnings（收入）、well-earned（应得的）。记住：earn的本义是"收割"，付出劳动才有收获。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：earn还可表示"（行为）使…获得，博得（名声等）"，如His brave act earned him the respect of the whole school（他的勇敢行为为他赢得了全校的尊敬）。此义中earn接双宾语，是高考考点。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·earned 过去分词作定语）"This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me."（他告诉我，这种工作会让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重做这份工作的人。）（真题原句·earn 挣得） 【搭配词块】 earn money/a living 挣钱/谋生 / earn respect 赢得尊重 / earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得 / earnings n. 收入 4. contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 【核心考点】 contribution是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①贡献——make a contribution to（对…做出贡献，to为介词）——make a great contribution to society；②捐款——a contribution of 100 yuan（100元捐款）；③（投给报刊的）稿件。动词contribute是语法填空高频词：contribute to（有助于；促成）——Exercise contributes to good health。派生词：contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者。辨析：contribution（贡献/捐款）vs donation（捐款，特指钱财物资）vs devotion（奉献，指时间精力）。写作金句：Everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ tribut（拉丁语tribuere"分配，给予"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 共同拿出分给众人→ 贡献。联想：tribut"给予"→ contribute（共同给予→贡献）、contribution（贡献）、attribute（归因→把…分配）、distribute（分发→分开给予）、tribute（贡品）。记住：con + tribute = 一起给出 = 贡献。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contribution还可指"（对讨论、工作的）投入，作用"，如His contribution to the project was invaluable（他对项目的贡献无可估量）。此义中contribution to后接事物，阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His contribution does not stop at money: he also gives his time, his patience and his heart to every student who needs help."（他的贡献不止于金钱：他还把自己的时间、耐心和真心给了每一个需要帮助的学生。）（经典原句·contribution 贡献） 【搭配词块】 make a contribution to 对…做出贡献 / contribute to 有助于 / a contribution of 一笔…捐款 / contributor n. 投稿者 5. relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰，解脱；救济 【核心考点】 relief是情感与公益类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①宽慰，解脱——to one's relief（令某人宽慰的是）、a sense of relief（如释重负的感觉）、breathe a sigh of relief（松了一口气）；②救济，救援——relief supplies（救济物资）、disaster relief（赈灾）、a relief fund（救济基金）；③缓解，减轻——the relief of pain（疼痛的缓解）。派生词：relieve vt. 缓解；使宽慰→ relieve pain/stress（缓解疼痛/压力）、be relieved to do（松了口气做）；relieved adj. 宽慰的。辨析：relief（宽慰/救济）vs comfort（安慰，舒适）vs ease（轻松，缓解）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lief（拉丁语levare"举起，减轻"）→ 把重担举回去→ 减轻；宽慰。联想：lev"轻"→ relief（减轻→宽慰）、relieve（缓解）、elevator（电梯→把东西举起）、level（水平→平的）。记住：re + lieve = 把重担卸下。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relief还可指"（债务、义务的）免除"或"替代（接替）"，如a relief driver（替班司机）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"宽慰/救济"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new library brought great relief to families who could not afford to buy books for their children."（新图书馆给那些买不起书给孩子读的家庭带来了极大的宽慰。）（经典原句·relief 宽慰） 【搭配词块】 to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / a sense of relief 如释重负 / relief supplies 救济物资 / relieve vt. 缓解 6. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的 【核心考点】 effective是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①（方法、措施）有效的——an effective way/method to do（做…的有效方法）、be effective in doing（在做…方面有效）；②（法律等）生效的——become effective（生效）；③有效的（实际上的）——the effective number（实际人数）。副词effectively（有效地）是语法填空考点。辨析是高考经典考点：effective（有效果的）vs efficient（高效率的，省时省力的）vs effect（名词，影响）vs affect（动词，影响）——effective和efficient形近义近，务必分清：effective重"效果"，efficient重"效率"。 【词根联想】 ef-（=ex-，向外，out）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做"）+ -ive（形容词后缀）→ 做出来、产生效果的→ 有效的。联想：fect"做"→ effective（做出效果的→有效的）、efficient（高效→做出成果的）、effect（效果→做出来的结果）、affect（影响→作用到）。记住：ef + fect + ive = 能做出结果的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：effective还可表示"（法律、规则）生效的，实施的"，如The new rule becomes effective next month（新规下个月生效）。此义在应用文与新闻语篇中常见，注意与"有效的"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Reading together is one of the most effective ways to help a child fall in love with books."（亲子共读是帮助孩子爱上书本最有效的方法之一。）（经典原句·effective 有效的） 【搭配词块】 an effective way to do 做…的有效方法 / be effective in doing 在做…方面有效 / effectively adv. 有效地 / become effective 生效 7. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力，坚持不懈 【核心考点】 perseverance是人物与励志类语篇的核心名词。用法要点：①毅力，坚持不懈——with perseverance（以毅力）、years of perseverance（多年坚持不懈）；②不可数名词。动词persevere是语法填空考点：persevere in/with（坚持）——persevere in one's studies（坚持学习）；persevere with a difficult task（坚持完成困难任务）。派生词：perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的；persevering adj. 坚韧的。辨析：perseverance（面对困难长期坚持）vs persistence（固执坚持，中性/贬义皆可）vs determination（决心）vs endurance（忍耐力）。写作金句：Perseverance is the key to success。 【词根联想】 per-（=through，贯穿）+ sever（拉丁语severus"严肃的"）+ -ance（名词后缀）→ 严肃认真地坚持到底→ 毅力。联想：per"贯穿"→ persevere（坚持→贯穿到底）、perseverance（毅力）、persist（坚持→始终站住）、severe（严重的→严肃的）。记住：per + severe = 严肃贯穿到底。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With perseverance, even a small group of people can turn a dream into reality, one small step at a time."（凭借毅力，即使是一小群人也能把梦想变成现实，一步一个脚印。）（经典原句·perseverance 毅力） 【搭配词块】 with perseverance 以毅力 / persevere in doing 坚持做 / perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的 / years of perseverance 多年的坚持 8. extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 扩展，延伸；延长；提供（帮助） 【核心考点】 extend是说明文与公益类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①扩展，延伸——extend the road（延伸道路）、extend the reading room（扩建阅览室）；②延长——extend the deadline（延长截止日期）、extend one's stay（延长停留）；③提供（帮助、邀请）——extend help/a warm welcome to sb.（向某人提供帮助/表示热烈欢迎）。派生词：extension n. 扩展；延长→ the extension of the school（学校扩建）；extensive adj. 广泛的→ extensive reading（泛读）。辨析：extend（延伸/扩展/延长）vs expand（扩大，体积/规模）vs stretch（拉伸）vs spread（铺开，传播）。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ tend（拉丁语tendere"伸展"）→ 向外伸展→ 延伸；扩展。联想：tend"伸展"→ extend（向外伸→延伸）、extent（程度→伸展到的范围）、attend（出席→伸向…方向）、intend（打算→把心思伸向某处）、tend（倾向→伸向）。记住：ex + tend = 向外伸展。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extend还可表示"（正式地）给予，提供（帮助、感谢、邀请）"，如extend a warm welcome to the guests（向客人表示热烈欢迎）。此义常见于正式语篇与演讲，是高考精细考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Last year, Mr Lin helped extend the small reading room into two extra classrooms so that more children could study there after school."（去年，林老师帮助把小阅览室扩建成了两间额外的教室，让更多孩子放学后能在那里学习。）（经典原句·extend 扩展） 【搭配词块】 extend the deadline 延长截止日期 / extend help to 向…提供帮助 / extension n. 扩建 / extensive adj. 广泛的 9. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的 【核心考点】 generous是人物与公益类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①慷慨的——be generous with（在…方面大方）——be generous with one's money/time；②It is generous of sb. to do sth.（某人做…真是大方）——It was generous of you to share your lunch；③丰盛的——a generous meal（丰盛的一餐）。派生词：generosity n. 慷慨→ show generosity to（对…表现出慷慨）；generously adv. 慷慨地。辨析：generous（慷慨大方）vs kind（善良）vs giving（乐于给予的）vs open-handed（出手大方的，口语）。写作金句：A generous heart brings people together。 【词根联想】 拉丁语generosus"出身高贵的"（源自genus"出身，门第"）→ 高贵的人有雅量→ 慷慨的。联想：gen"出身，出生"→ generous（出身高贵→慷慨）、generation（一代人）、genius（天才→天生的才能）、generate（产生→使出生）。记住：gen + erous = 天生的贵族气度。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：generous还可表示"（数量）丰盛的，充足的"，如a generous portion of rice（一大份米饭）、a generous discount（大折扣）。此义在应用文与生活类语篇中可见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His simple but effective way of helping has inspired many young people to be generous with their own time and talents."（他简单而有效的助人方式，激励了许多年轻人慷慨付出自己的时间和才能。）（经典原句·generous 慷慨的） 【搭配词块】 be generous with 在…方面大方 / It is generous of sb. to do 某人做…真大方 / generosity n. 慷慨 / a generous meal 丰盛的一餐 10. aid /eɪd/ n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备 vt. 帮助 【核心考点】 aid是公益与医疗类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①援助——first aid（急救）、foreign aid（外援）、humanitarian aid（人道主义援助）、aid supplies（援助物资）；②辅助设备——a hearing aid（助听器）、teaching aids（教具）；③with the aid of（在…的帮助下）——with the aid of a map。动词用法：aid sb. in doing（帮助某人做）——The software aids students in learning。辨析：aid（正式，援助/帮助）vs help（帮助，最普通）vs assist（协助，辅助）vs support（支持）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语adjutare"帮助"（源自ad-向+juvere帮助的反复形式）→ 反复相助→ 援助。联想：juv"帮助"→ aid（帮助）、adjutant（副官→助手）、coadjutor（助理）。记住：aid源自古法语"帮助"，正式庄重。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：aid还可指"（帮助理解或操作的）辅助工具"，如visual aids（视觉教具）、a listening aid（助听器）。此义在校园与医疗类语篇中常见，注意与"援助"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He is now planning to offer first aid training to local volunteers, so that more people can lend a hand when help is needed most."（他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救培训，以便在最需要帮助时能有更多人伸出援手。）（经典原句·aid 援助；急救） 【搭配词块】 first aid 急救 / with the aid of 借助 / aid sb. in doing 帮助某人做 / foreign aid 外援 11. obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，得到 【核心考点】 obtain是说明文与正式语篇的高频动词，语体较正式。用法要点：①obtain sth.（获得某物）——obtain information/permission（获得信息/许可）；②obtain sth. from（从…获得）——obtain knowledge from books（从书中获得知识）；③obtain a degree（获得学位）。辨析是高考重点：obtain（正式，通过努力获得）vs acquire（习得，技能/知识的获得）vs gain（获得，增加）vs get（得到，最普通）vs achieve（实现目标）。写作金句：Only through hard work can we obtain true knowledge。 【词根联想】 ob-（=towards，向）+ tain（拉丁语tenere"保持，握持"）→ 拿到手中握住→ 获得。联想：tain"握持"→ obtain（握住→获得）、retain（保留→重新握住）、contain（包含→握住）、sustain（维持→在下面托住）、maintain（维护→用手握住）。记住：ob + tain = 抓到手。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：obtain还可表示"（规则、习俗）存在，通行"，如The custom still obtains in some villages（这种习俗在一些村庄仍然存在）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"获得"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Last year, he managed to obtain a set of new computers for the club, which the children had dreamed of for years."（去年，他设法为俱乐部获得了一套新电脑——那是孩子们梦想多年的东西。）（经典原句·obtain 获得） 【搭配词块】 obtain information 获得信息 / obtain permission 获得许可 / obtain sth. from 从…获得 / obtain a degree 获得学位 12. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 使命，任务；代表团 【核心考点】 mission是人物与科技类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①使命，天职——a mission to do sth.（做某事的使命）、accomplish/complete a mission（完成使命）；②（太空）飞行任务——a space mission（太空任务）；③（外交）代表团——a trade mission（贸易代表团）。派生词：missionary n. 传教士 adj. 传教的。辨析：mission（神圣/重大的使命或任务）vs task（具体任务）vs duty（职责）vs assignment（布置的任务）。写作金句：Their mission is to bring hope to those in need。 【词根联想】 拉丁语mittere"送，派"的过去分词missus→ missio"派遣"→ 被派遣去完成的使命。联想：miss"送，派"→ mission（派遣→使命）、missile（导弹→发射出去的东西）、missionary（传教士→被派去传教的人）、dismiss（解散→送走）、admit（承认→送入）。记住：miss + ion = 被派遣的任务。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mission还可指"（某人的）人生目标，天职"，如His mission in life is to help others（他一生的使命就是帮助他人）。此义在人物传记与励志类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"“Giving is not a duty; it is a mission,” Mr Lin said with a warm smile."（"给予不是责任，而是使命，"林老师微笑着说。）（经典原句·mission 使命） 【搭配词块】 a mission to do 做…的使命 / accomplish a mission 完成使命 / a space mission 太空任务 / missionary n. 传教士 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 donate donation (n.) donor (n.) donated (adj.) donate sth. to / make a donation hesitate hesitation (n.) hesitant (adj.) hesitatingly (adv.) hesitate to do / without hesitation earn earnings (n.) earned (v.) well-earned (adj.) earn a living / earn respect contribution contribute (v.) contributor (n.) contributory (adj.) make a contribution to / contribute to relief relieve (v.) relieved (adj.) relieving (adj.) to one's relief / relief supplies effective effect (n.) effectively (adv.) effectiveness (n.) an effective way / be effective in perseverance persevere (v.) perseverant (adj.) persevering (adj.) with perseverance / persevere in extend extension (n.) extensive (adj.) extended (adj.) extend to / extension of generous generosity (n.) generously (adv.) --- be generous with / It is generous of sb. aid aided (v.) aiding (v.) first aid (phr.) first aid / with the aid of obtain obtained (v.) obtaining (v.) obtainable (adj.) obtain information / obtain from mission missionary (n.) missions (n.pl.) --- a mission to do / accomplish a mission Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking ____________ (donate) and collecting blemished produce. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）He ____________ (hesitate) and then said he had decided not to run. 3.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·完形·改编）This was the sort of work that made you respect the dollars you ____________ (earn). 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）Every ____________ (contribute) to the library, however small, brings knowledge to more children. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The arrival of the rescue team brought great ____________ (relieving) to the flooded village. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Reading aloud is a highly ____________ (effect) way to improve your memory. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）With great ____________ (persevering), the old man finally learned to use a computer. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The charity aims to ____________ (extension) its help to more rural schools next year. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）It was ____________ (generosity) of you to share your lunch with the new student. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The Red Cross sent ____________ (aiding) to the earthquake-hit area within hours. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）It took her months to ____________ (obtainable) the scholarship she had dreamed of. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The young doctor's ____________ (missionary) is to bring free treatment to mountain villages. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The kind teacher ____________ (donation) fifty books to the school library last month. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Without a moment's ____________ (hesitating), she jumped into the river to save the child. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）His hard work ____________ (earning) him the respect of every colleague in the office. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在我们的小镇上，住着一位七十岁的退休教师林老师。每个月，他都把部分退休金____________（捐赠）给学校图书馆，并通过周末辅导帮助贫困学生____________（挣钱）。 他的____________（贡献）不止于此：他还组织了一个图书分享俱乐部，这给买不起新书的家庭带来了极大的____________（宽慰）。他这种简单而____________（有效的）帮助方式，激励了许多年轻人慷慨（generous）地付出自己的时间和才能。 当我问他是什么让他坚持时，他毫不犹豫（hesitate）。"给予不是责任，而是____________（使命），"他说。"凭借____________（毅力），即使是一小群人也能带来真正的改变。" 去年，他设法____________（获得）了一套新电脑，并帮助把阅览室____________（扩展）成两间额外的教室。他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救（aid）培训。 Part 7 关联阅读 Dr Wu grew up in a poor mountain village where the nearest clinic was a three-hour walk away. The memory of carrying his sick sister down that rocky path stayed with him for life, and it became his mission to change things. After years of hard study, he earned his medical degree and returned home. Instead of opening a clinic in the city, he set up a small health station in his own village, and he did not hesitate to treat every patient, whether they could pay or not. The first winter was especially hard, but he never once thought of leaving, even when the snow cut the village off for two full weeks. Over the past twenty years, Dr Wu has made a remarkable contribution to the health of his community. He has trained more than thirty local villagers in basic first aid, so that accidents can be treated before a doctor arrives. He has also helped obtain free vaccines for the children of the whole valley, and his generous use of his own savings has kept the station open through hard times. For the villagers, the greatest relief is knowing that help is no longer a three-hour walk away; a simple fever or a cut no longer keeps the whole family awake at night, because Dr Wu is just down the road, ready to answer a knock at any hour of the day or night. What makes Dr Wu's story so powerful is that he never stopped there. Every winter, he extends his rounds to cover two neighbouring villages, carrying medicine on his back when the roads are too bad for any vehicle. He believes that effective healthcare depends on trust, and trust is built by showing up again and again, season after season. When young people ask how they can make a difference, he smiles and says: “Find what people truly need, and give it with perseverance — that is the whole secret of a life worth living.” His words, simple as they are, have already inspired three young people from the village to study medicine themselves. 1. Why did Dr Wu decide to become a doctor? A. His parents forced him to study medicine. B. A childhood memory of his sick sister touched him. C. He wanted to earn a lot of money in the city. D. The government offered him a high salary. 2. What has Dr Wu done for his community over the years? A. He has trained villagers in basic first aid. B. He has built a large hospital in the city. C. He has asked the government for more money. D. He has moved the clinic closer to the town. 3. How does Dr Wu reach the neighbouring villages in winter? A. He drives his own car. B. He rides a horse. C. He carries medicine on foot. D. He takes a bus. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Mountain villages need more hospitals. B. Medical training is more important than medicine. C. Doctors should always charge reasonable fees. D. One person's devotion can change a community. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：donate, hesitate, earn, contribution, relief, effective, perseverance, extend, generous, aid, obtain, mission Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Every month, Mr Lin gives part of his pension to the school library. → Every month, Mr Lin ____________ part of his pension to the school library. 2. The young man works hard to make a living and support his family. → The young man works hard to ____________ a living and support his family. 3. Everyone's share of effort, however small, helps to build a better school. → Everyone's ____________, however small, helps to build a better school. 4. The good news made the worried parents feel much better. → The good news brought great ____________ to the worried parents. 5. Regular exercise is a really useful way to keep both body and mind healthy. → Regular exercise is a highly ____________ way to keep both body and mind healthy. 6. With steady effort, the old man finally learned to use a computer. → With great ____________, the old man finally learned to use a computer. 7. The charity plans to enlarge its help to more schools in the countryside. → The charity plans to ____________ its help to more schools in the countryside. 8. It was very kind of you to share your lunch with the new student. → It was ____________ of you to share your lunch with the new student. 9. Volunteers offer help to the families who lost their homes in the flood. → Volunteers offer ____________ to the families who lost their homes in the flood. 10. It took her months to get the scholarship she had always dreamed of. → It took her months to ____________ the scholarship she had always dreamed of. 11. His life goal is to bring free treatment to the mountain villages. → His ____________ in life is to bring free treatment to the mountain villages. 12. Without a moment's pause, she jumped into the river to save the child. → Without a moment's ____________, she jumped into the river to save the child. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：donates → earn → contribution → relief → effective → generous → hesitate → mission → perseverance → obtain → extend → aid 复述模板（填空）： 林老师每月把部分退休金____________（捐赠）给学校图书馆，帮贫困学生____________（挣钱）；他的____________（贡献）给买不起书的家庭带来____________（宽慰），这种简单而____________（有效的）方式激励年轻人____________（慷慨的）付出。 问到坚持的原因他毫不犹豫（hesitate）：给予是____________（使命），凭____________（毅力）一小群人也带来改变；他设法____________（获得）新电脑，____________（扩展）阅览室，并计划提供急救（aid）培训。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：donate / hesitate / earn / contribution / relief / effective / perseverance / extend / generous / aid / obtain / mission （知识点来源：必修三 Unit 2 · Making a difference + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In our small town, there is a seventy-year-old retired teacher named Mr Lin. Every month, he donates part of his pension to the school library and helps poor students earn money by giving weekend tutoring. His contribution does not stop there: he also organises a book-sharing club, which brings great relief to families who cannot afford new books. His simple but effective way of helping — one book at a time — has inspired many young people to be generous with their own time and talents. When I asked Mr Lin what kept him going, he did not hesitate. “Giving is not a duty; it is a mission,” he said with a warm smile. “With perseverance, even a small group of people can make a real difference.” Last year, he managed to obtain a set of new computers for the club and helped extend the reading room into two extra classrooms. He is now planning to offer first aid training to local volunteers, so that more people can lend a hand when help is needed most. 【中文译文】 在我们的小镇上，住着一位七十岁的退休教师林老师。每个月，他都把部分退休金捐赠（donate）给学校图书馆，并通过周末辅导帮助贫困学生挣钱（earn）。他的贡献（contribution）不止于此：他还组织了一个图书分享俱乐部，这给买不起新书的家庭带来了极大的宽慰（relief）。他这种简单而有效（effective）的帮助方式——一次一本书——激励了许多年轻人慷慨（generous）地付出自己的时间和才能。 当我问林老师是什么让他坚持时，他毫不犹豫（hesitate）。"给予不是责任，而是使命（mission），"他微笑着说。"凭借毅力（perseverance），即使是一小群人也能带来真正的改变。"去年，他设法获得（obtain）了一套新电脑给俱乐部，并帮助把阅览室扩展（extend）成两间额外的教室。他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救（aid）培训，以便在最需要帮助时能有更多人伸出援手。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：退休教师每月捐赠养老金→帮贫困学生挣钱→贡献不止于此→图书俱乐部带来宽慰→简单而有效的帮助方式→激励年轻人慷慨付出→问到坚持的原因毫不犹豫→给予是使命→凭毅力带来改变→设法获得新电脑→扩展阅览室→计划提供急救培训 记忆链：donates → earn → contribution → relief → effective → generous → hesitate → mission → perseverance → obtain → extend → aid Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，捐献 ⚡考点：donate sth. to 把…捐给；donate blood 献血；donation n. 捐赠物；donor n. 捐赠者 2 hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫，踌躇；不情愿 ⚡考点：hesitate to do 不愿做；without hesitation 毫不犹豫；hesitation n. 犹豫 3 earn /ɜːn/ vt. 挣得，赚得；赢得，获得 ⚡考点：earn money/a living 挣钱/谋生；earn respect 赢得尊重；过去式earned 4 contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 ⚡考点：make a contribution to 对…做出贡献；contribute to 有助于；contributor n. 投稿者 5 relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰，解脱；救济 ⚡考点：to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是；in relief 松了口气；relief supplies 救济物资 6 effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的 ⚡考点：an effective way/method 有效的方法；be effective in doing 在做…方面有效；effectively adv. 有效地 7 perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力，坚持不懈 ⚡考点：with perseverance 以毅力；persevere in doing 坚持做；perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的 8 extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 扩展，延伸；延长；提供（帮助） ⚡考点：extend sth. to 把…延伸到；extend a deadline 延长截止日期；extend help to 向…提供帮助 9 generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的 ⚡考点：be generous with 在…方面大方；It is generous of sb. to do 某人做…真大方；generosity n. 慷慨 10 aid /eɪd/ n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备 vt. 帮助 ⚡考点：first aid 急救；with the aid of 借助；aid sb. in doing 帮助某人做 11 obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，得到 ⚡考点：obtain permission/information 获得许可/信息；obtain sth. from 从…获得；同义词acquire 12 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 使命，任务；代表团 ⚡考点：a mission to do 做…的使命；accomplish a mission 完成使命；missionary adj. 传教的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠，捐献 【核心考点】 donate是公益与人物类语篇的高频动词，本单元Making a difference的核心词。用法要点：①donate sth. to sb./sp.（把…捐给…）——donate books to the school library；②donate blood（献血）；③donate money to charity（向慈善机构捐款）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物→ make a donation to（向…捐款）；donor n. 捐赠者→ blood donors（献血者）；donated adj. 被捐赠的。辨析：donate（捐钱物）vs contribute（贡献，也指促成/投稿）vs give（给，最普通）vs devote（奉献时间精力）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语donare"给予，赠送"（源自donum"礼物"）→ 送出礼物→ 捐赠。联想：don"给予"→ donate（送出→捐赠）、donation（捐赠物）、donor（捐赠者）、pardon（原谅→完全宽恕）、condone（宽恕→一起给予）。记住：donare是"赠礼"，donate就是把礼物送出。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：donate的名词donation还可指"（向机构捐献的）捐款、捐赠物"，如The library received a large donation of books（图书馆收到大批图书捐赠）。此义在新闻与公益类语篇中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·donated/donations 形容词与名词形式）"Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields."（去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集本会烂在田里的瑕疵农产品，回收了超过80.75万磅食物。）（真题原句·donate 捐赠） 【搭配词块】 donate sth. to 把…捐给 / donate blood 献血 / make a donation to 向…捐款 / donor n. 捐赠者 2. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ v. 犹豫，踌躇；不情愿 【核心考点】 hesitate是人物与情节类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①hesitate to do sth.（不愿做某事）——She hesitated to ask for help；②hesitate about/over（对…犹豫不决）——He hesitated over the choice；③hesitate at nothing（毫不犹豫）。名词hesitation是语法填空高频考点：without hesitation（毫不犹豫地）——She jumped into the water without hesitation。派生词：hesitation n. 犹豫；hesitant adj. 犹豫的→ be hesitant to do。辨析：hesitate（因担心而犹豫）vs pause（短暂停顿）vs delay（推迟）vs waver（动摇）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语haesitare"黏住，迟疑"（haerere"黏附"的反复形式）→ 脚步被黏住迈不开→ 犹豫。联想：haes"黏"→ hesitate（被黏住→犹豫）、hesitation（犹豫）、coherent（连贯的→黏合在一起的）、adhere（黏附→坚持）。记住：脚像被胶黏住，就是hesitate。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：hesitate还可表示"（礼貌地）不愿意，碍于情面"，如I hesitate to trouble you, but could you help me?（本不愿打扰你，但你能帮我一下吗？）。此义在应用文与口语化语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·hesitated 一般过去时作谓语）"He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run."（他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不跑了。）（真题原句·hesitate 犹豫） 【搭配词块】 hesitate to do 不愿做 / without hesitation 毫不犹豫 / hesitate about 对…犹豫 / hesitant adj. 犹豫的 3. earn /ɜːn/ vt. 挣得，赚得；赢得，获得 【核心考点】 earn是人物与经济类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①挣钱——earn money/a living（挣钱/谋生）、earn a salary（挣工资）；②赢得（尊重、信任等抽象事物）——earn respect/trust（赢得尊重/信任）、earn a reputation（赢得声誉）；③earn sb. sth.（为某人赢得某物，双宾语）——His honesty earned him the trust of everyone。动词变化：earn—earned—earned。辨析：earn（靠劳动挣得/赢得）vs gain（获得，得到）vs win（赢得比赛/胜利）vs make（挣钱，口语make money）。 【词根联想】 古英语earnian"收割庄稼，劳作得酬"→ 通过劳作获得报酬→ 挣得；赢得。联想：earn（收割的辛劳→挣得）、earnings（收入）、well-earned（应得的）。记住：earn的本义是"收割"，付出劳动才有收获。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：earn还可表示"（行为）使…获得，博得（名声等）"，如His brave act earned him the respect of the whole school（他的勇敢行为为他赢得了全校的尊敬）。此义中earn接双宾语，是高考考点。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空·earned 过去分词作定语）"This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me."（他告诉我，这种工作会让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重做这份工作的人。）（真题原句·earn 挣得） 【搭配词块】 earn money/a living 挣钱/谋生 / earn respect 赢得尊重 / earn sb. sth. 为某人赢得 / earnings n. 收入 4. contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 【核心考点】 contribution是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①贡献——make a contribution to（对…做出贡献，to为介词）——make a great contribution to society；②捐款——a contribution of 100 yuan（100元捐款）；③（投给报刊的）稿件。动词contribute是语法填空高频词：contribute to（有助于；促成）——Exercise contributes to good health。派生词：contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者。辨析：contribution（贡献/捐款）vs donation（捐款，特指钱财物资）vs devotion（奉献，指时间精力）。写作金句：Everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ tribut（拉丁语tribuere"分配，给予"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 共同拿出分给众人→ 贡献。联想：tribut"给予"→ contribute（共同给予→贡献）、contribution（贡献）、attribute（归因→把…分配）、distribute（分发→分开给予）、tribute（贡品）。记住：con + tribute = 一起给出 = 贡献。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contribution还可指"（对讨论、工作的）投入，作用"，如His contribution to the project was invaluable（他对项目的贡献无可估量）。此义中contribution to后接事物，阅读中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His contribution does not stop at money: he also gives his time, his patience and his heart to every student who needs help."（他的贡献不止于金钱：他还把自己的时间、耐心和真心给了每一个需要帮助的学生。）（经典原句·contribution 贡献） 【搭配词块】 make a contribution to 对…做出贡献 / contribute to 有助于 / a contribution of 一笔…捐款 / contributor n. 投稿者 5. relief /rɪˈliːf/ n. 宽慰，解脱；救济 【核心考点】 relief是情感与公益类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①宽慰，解脱——to one's relief（令某人宽慰的是）、a sense of relief（如释重负的感觉）、breathe a sigh of relief（松了一口气）；②救济，救援——relief supplies（救济物资）、disaster relief（赈灾）、a relief fund（救济基金）；③缓解，减轻——the relief of pain（疼痛的缓解）。派生词：relieve vt. 缓解；使宽慰→ relieve pain/stress（缓解疼痛/压力）、be relieved to do（松了口气做）；relieved adj. 宽慰的。辨析：relief（宽慰/救济）vs comfort（安慰，舒适）vs ease（轻松，缓解）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lief（拉丁语levare"举起，减轻"）→ 把重担举回去→ 减轻；宽慰。联想：lev"轻"→ relief（减轻→宽慰）、relieve（缓解）、elevator（电梯→把东西举起）、level（水平→平的）。记住：re + lieve = 把重担卸下。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：relief还可指"（债务、义务的）免除"或"替代（接替）"，如a relief driver（替班司机）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"宽慰/救济"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new library brought great relief to families who could not afford to buy books for their children."（新图书馆给那些买不起书给孩子读的家庭带来了极大的宽慰。）（经典原句·relief 宽慰） 【搭配词块】 to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 / a sense of relief 如释重负 / relief supplies 救济物资 / relieve vt. 缓解 6. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的 【核心考点】 effective是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①（方法、措施）有效的——an effective way/method to do（做…的有效方法）、be effective in doing（在做…方面有效）；②（法律等）生效的——become effective（生效）；③有效的（实际上的）——the effective number（实际人数）。副词effectively（有效地）是语法填空考点。辨析是高考经典考点：effective（有效果的）vs efficient（高效率的，省时省力的）vs effect（名词，影响）vs affect（动词，影响）——effective和efficient形近义近，务必分清：effective重"效果"，efficient重"效率"。 【词根联想】 ef-（=ex-，向外，out）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做"）+ -ive（形容词后缀）→ 做出来、产生效果的→ 有效的。联想：fect"做"→ effective（做出效果的→有效的）、efficient（高效→做出成果的）、effect（效果→做出来的结果）、affect（影响→作用到）。记住：ef + fect + ive = 能做出结果的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：effective还可表示"（法律、规则）生效的，实施的"，如The new rule becomes effective next month（新规下个月生效）。此义在应用文与新闻语篇中常见，注意与"有效的"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Reading together is one of the most effective ways to help a child fall in love with books."（亲子共读是帮助孩子爱上书本最有效的方法之一。）（经典原句·effective 有效的） 【搭配词块】 an effective way to do 做…的有效方法 / be effective in doing 在做…方面有效 / effectively adv. 有效地 / become effective 生效 7. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力，坚持不懈 【核心考点】 perseverance是人物与励志类语篇的核心名词。用法要点：①毅力，坚持不懈——with perseverance（以毅力）、years of perseverance（多年坚持不懈）；②不可数名词。动词persevere是语法填空考点：persevere in/with（坚持）——persevere in one's studies（坚持学习）；persevere with a difficult task（坚持完成困难任务）。派生词：perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的；persevering adj. 坚韧的。辨析：perseverance（面对困难长期坚持）vs persistence（固执坚持，中性/贬义皆可）vs determination（决心）vs endurance（忍耐力）。写作金句：Perseverance is the key to success。 【词根联想】 per-（=through，贯穿）+ sever（拉丁语severus"严肃的"）+ -ance（名词后缀）→ 严肃认真地坚持到底→ 毅力。联想：per"贯穿"→ persevere（坚持→贯穿到底）、perseverance（毅力）、persist（坚持→始终站住）、severe（严重的→严肃的）。记住：per + severe = 严肃贯穿到底。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With perseverance, even a small group of people can turn a dream into reality, one small step at a time."（凭借毅力，即使是一小群人也能把梦想变成现实，一步一个脚印。）（经典原句·perseverance 毅力） 【搭配词块】 with perseverance 以毅力 / persevere in doing 坚持做 / perseverant adj. 坚持不懈的 / years of perseverance 多年的坚持 8. extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 扩展，延伸；延长；提供（帮助） 【核心考点】 extend是说明文与公益类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①扩展，延伸——extend the road（延伸道路）、extend the reading room（扩建阅览室）；②延长——extend the deadline（延长截止日期）、extend one's stay（延长停留）；③提供（帮助、邀请）——extend help/a warm welcome to sb.（向某人提供帮助/表示热烈欢迎）。派生词：extension n. 扩展；延长→ the extension of the school（学校扩建）；extensive adj. 广泛的→ extensive reading（泛读）。辨析：extend（延伸/扩展/延长）vs expand（扩大，体积/规模）vs stretch（拉伸）vs spread（铺开，传播）。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ tend（拉丁语tendere"伸展"）→ 向外伸展→ 延伸；扩展。联想：tend"伸展"→ extend（向外伸→延伸）、extent（程度→伸展到的范围）、attend（出席→伸向…方向）、intend（打算→把心思伸向某处）、tend（倾向→伸向）。记住：ex + tend = 向外伸展。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extend还可表示"（正式地）给予，提供（帮助、感谢、邀请）"，如extend a warm welcome to the guests（向客人表示热烈欢迎）。此义常见于正式语篇与演讲，是高考精细考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Last year, Mr Lin helped extend the small reading room into two extra classrooms so that more children could study there after school."（去年，林老师帮助把小阅览室扩建成了两间额外的教室，让更多孩子放学后能在那里学习。）（经典原句·extend 扩展） 【搭配词块】 extend the deadline 延长截止日期 / extend help to 向…提供帮助 / extension n. 扩建 / extensive adj. 广泛的 9. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的 【核心考点】 generous是人物与公益类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①慷慨的——be generous with（在…方面大方）——be generous with one's money/time；②It is generous of sb. to do sth.（某人做…真是大方）——It was generous of you to share your lunch；③丰盛的——a generous meal（丰盛的一餐）。派生词：generosity n. 慷慨→ show generosity to（对…表现出慷慨）；generously adv. 慷慨地。辨析：generous（慷慨大方）vs kind（善良）vs giving（乐于给予的）vs open-handed（出手大方的，口语）。写作金句：A generous heart brings people together。 【词根联想】 拉丁语generosus"出身高贵的"（源自genus"出身，门第"）→ 高贵的人有雅量→ 慷慨的。联想：gen"出身，出生"→ generous（出身高贵→慷慨）、generation（一代人）、genius（天才→天生的才能）、generate（产生→使出生）。记住：gen + erous = 天生的贵族气度。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：generous还可表示"（数量）丰盛的，充足的"，如a generous portion of rice（一大份米饭）、a generous discount（大折扣）。此义在应用文与生活类语篇中可见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"His simple but effective way of helping has inspired many young people to be generous with their own time and talents."（他简单而有效的助人方式，激励了许多年轻人慷慨付出自己的时间和才能。）（经典原句·generous 慷慨的） 【搭配词块】 be generous with 在…方面大方 / It is generous of sb. to do 某人做…真大方 / generosity n. 慷慨 / a generous meal 丰盛的一餐 10. aid /eɪd/ n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备 vt. 帮助 【核心考点】 aid是公益与医疗类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①援助——first aid（急救）、foreign aid（外援）、humanitarian aid（人道主义援助）、aid supplies（援助物资）；②辅助设备——a hearing aid（助听器）、teaching aids（教具）；③with the aid of（在…的帮助下）——with the aid of a map。动词用法：aid sb. in doing（帮助某人做）——The software aids students in learning。辨析：aid（正式，援助/帮助）vs help（帮助，最普通）vs assist（协助，辅助）vs support（支持）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语adjutare"帮助"（源自ad-向+juvere帮助的反复形式）→ 反复相助→ 援助。联想：juv"帮助"→ aid（帮助）、adjutant（副官→助手）、coadjutor（助理）。记住：aid源自古法语"帮助"，正式庄重。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：aid还可指"（帮助理解或操作的）辅助工具"，如visual aids（视觉教具）、a listening aid（助听器）。此义在校园与医疗类语篇中常见，注意与"援助"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He is now planning to offer first aid training to local volunteers, so that more people can lend a hand when help is needed most."（他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救培训，以便在最需要帮助时能有更多人伸出援手。）（经典原句·aid 援助；急救） 【搭配词块】 first aid 急救 / with the aid of 借助 / aid sb. in doing 帮助某人做 / foreign aid 外援 11. obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得，得到 【核心考点】 obtain是说明文与正式语篇的高频动词，语体较正式。用法要点：①obtain sth.（获得某物）——obtain information/permission（获得信息/许可）；②obtain sth. from（从…获得）——obtain knowledge from books（从书中获得知识）；③obtain a degree（获得学位）。辨析是高考重点：obtain（正式，通过努力获得）vs acquire（习得，技能/知识的获得）vs gain（获得，增加）vs get（得到，最普通）vs achieve（实现目标）。写作金句：Only through hard work can we obtain true knowledge。 【词根联想】 ob-（=towards，向）+ tain（拉丁语tenere"保持，握持"）→ 拿到手中握住→ 获得。联想：tain"握持"→ obtain（握住→获得）、retain（保留→重新握住）、contain（包含→握住）、sustain（维持→在下面托住）、maintain（维护→用手握住）。记住：ob + tain = 抓到手。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：obtain还可表示"（规则、习俗）存在，通行"，如The custom still obtains in some villages（这种习俗在一些村庄仍然存在）。此义较生僻，阅读中按"获得"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Last year, he managed to obtain a set of new computers for the club, which the children had dreamed of for years."（去年，他设法为俱乐部获得了一套新电脑——那是孩子们梦想多年的东西。）（经典原句·obtain 获得） 【搭配词块】 obtain information 获得信息 / obtain permission 获得许可 / obtain sth. from 从…获得 / obtain a degree 获得学位 12. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 使命，任务；代表团 【核心考点】 mission是人物与科技类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①使命，天职——a mission to do sth.（做某事的使命）、accomplish/complete a mission（完成使命）；②（太空）飞行任务——a space mission（太空任务）；③（外交）代表团——a trade mission（贸易代表团）。派生词：missionary n. 传教士 adj. 传教的。辨析：mission（神圣/重大的使命或任务）vs task（具体任务）vs duty（职责）vs assignment（布置的任务）。写作金句：Their mission is to bring hope to those in need。 【词根联想】 拉丁语mittere"送，派"的过去分词missus→ missio"派遣"→ 被派遣去完成的使命。联想：miss"送，派"→ mission（派遣→使命）、missile（导弹→发射出去的东西）、missionary（传教士→被派去传教的人）、dismiss（解散→送走）、admit（承认→送入）。记住：miss + ion = 被派遣的任务。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mission还可指"（某人的）人生目标，天职"，如His mission in life is to help others（他一生的使命就是帮助他人）。此义在人物传记与励志类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"“Giving is not a duty; it is a mission,” Mr Lin said with a warm smile."（"给予不是责任，而是使命，"林老师微笑着说。）（经典原句·mission 使命） 【搭配词块】 a mission to do 做…的使命 / accomplish a mission 完成使命 / a space mission 太空任务 / missionary n. 传教士 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 donate donation (n.) donor (n.) donated (adj.) donate sth. to / make a donation hesitate hesitation (n.) hesitant (adj.) hesitatingly (adv.) hesitate to do / without hesitation earn earnings (n.) earned (v.) well-earned (adj.) earn a living / earn respect contribution contribute (v.) contributor (n.) contributory (adj.) make a contribution to / contribute to relief relieve (v.) relieved (adj.) relieving (adj.) to one's relief / relief supplies effective effect (n.) effectively (adv.) effectiveness (n.) an effective way / be effective in perseverance persevere (v.) perseverant (adj.) persevering (adj.) with perseverance / persevere in extend extension (n.) extensive (adj.) extended (adj.) extend to / extension of generous generosity (n.) generously (adv.) --- be generous with / It is generous of sb. aid aided (v.) aiding (v.) first aid (phr.) first aid / with the aid of obtain obtained (v.) obtaining (v.) obtainable (adj.) obtain information / obtain from mission missionary (n.) missions (n.pl.) --- a mission to do / accomplish a mission Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking ____________ (donate) and collecting blemished produce. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）He ____________ (hesitate) and then said he had decided not to run. 3.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·完形·改编）This was the sort of work that made you respect the dollars you ____________ (earn). 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）Every ____________ (contribute) to the library, however small, brings knowledge to more children. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The arrival of the rescue team brought great ____________ (relieving) to the flooded village. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Reading aloud is a highly ____________ (effect) way to improve your memory. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）With great ____________ (persevering), the old man finally learned to use a computer. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）The charity aims to ____________ (extension) its help to more rural schools next year. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）It was ____________ (generosity) of you to share your lunch with the new student. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The Red Cross sent ____________ (aiding) to the earthquake-hit area within hours. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）It took her months to ____________ (obtainable) the scholarship she had dreamed of. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The young doctor's ____________ (missionary) is to bring free treatment to mountain villages. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The kind teacher ____________ (donation) fifty books to the school library last month. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Without a moment's ____________ (hesitating), she jumped into the river to save the child. 15.（2026广西南宁·模拟）His hard work ____________ (earning) him the respect of every colleague in the office. 【答案】 1. donations 2. hesitated 3. earned 4. contribution 5. relief 6. effective 7. perseverance 8. extend 9. generous 10. aid 11. obtain 12. mission 13. donated 14. hesitation 15. earned 【逐题解析】 1. donations — 提示词donate为动词，介词taking后须接名词，donations表"捐赠物"用复数。 2. hesitated — 提示词hesitate为动词原形，句子描述过去事件，用一般过去时hesitated。 3. earned — 提示词earn为动词原形，定语从句you earned修饰dollars，用一般过去时。 4. contribution — 提示词contribute为动词，形容词every后须接名词，every contribution意为"每一份贡献"。 5. relief — 提示词relieving为动名词，形容词great后须接名词，great relief意为"极大的宽慰"。 6. effective — 提示词effect为名词，副词highly修饰形容词，a highly effective way意为"非常有效的方法"。 7. perseverance — 提示词persevering为动名词，介词with后须接名词，with perseverance意为"以毅力"。 8. extend — 提示词extension为名词，aims to do中to后须接动词原形extend。 9. generous — 提示词generosity为名词，It is generous of sb. to do为固定句型，须用形容词。 10. aid — 提示词aiding为动名词，动词sent后须接名词，send aid意为"派遣援助"。 11. obtain — 提示词obtainable为形容词，to do不定式后须接动词原形obtain。 12. mission — 提示词missionary为形容词/名词"传教士"，所有格后须接名词，one's mission意为"使命"。 13. donated — 提示词donation为名词，时间状语last month提示用一般过去时donated。 14. hesitation — 提示词hesitating为动名词，所有格moment's后须接名词，without hesitation为固定搭配。 15. earned — 提示词earning为动名词，句子缺谓语，主语His hard work与earn为主动关系，用过去式earned。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在我们的小镇上，住着一位七十岁的退休教师林老师。每个月，他都把部分退休金____________（捐赠）给学校图书馆，并通过周末辅导帮助贫困学生____________（挣钱）。 他的____________（贡献）不止于此：他还组织了一个图书分享俱乐部，这给买不起新书的家庭带来了极大的____________（宽慰）。他这种简单而____________（有效的）帮助方式，激励了许多年轻人慷慨（generous）地付出自己的时间和才能。 当我问他是什么让他坚持时，他毫不犹豫（hesitate）。"给予不是责任，而是____________（使命），"他说。"凭借____________（毅力），即使是一小群人也能带来真正的改变。" 去年，他设法____________（获得）了一套新电脑，并帮助把阅览室____________（扩展）成两间额外的教室。他正计划为当地志愿者提供急救（aid）培训。 【答案】 donates; earn; contribution; relief; effective; mission; perseverance; obtain; extend Part 7 关联阅读 Dr Wu grew up in a poor mountain village where the nearest clinic was a three-hour walk away. The memory of carrying his sick sister down that rocky path stayed with him for life, and it became his mission to change things. After years of hard study, he earned his medical degree and returned home. Instead of opening a clinic in the city, he set up a small health station in his own village, and he did not hesitate to treat every patient, whether they could pay or not. The first winter was especially hard, but he never once thought of leaving, even when the snow cut the village off for two full weeks. Over the past twenty years, Dr Wu has made a remarkable contribution to the health of his community. He has trained more than thirty local villagers in basic first aid, so that accidents can be treated before a doctor arrives. He has also helped obtain free vaccines for the children of the whole valley, and his generous use of his own savings has kept the station open through hard times. For the villagers, the greatest relief is knowing that help is no longer a three-hour walk away; a simple fever or a cut no longer keeps the whole family awake at night, because Dr Wu is just down the road, ready to answer a knock at any hour of the day or night. What makes Dr Wu's story so powerful is that he never stopped there. Every winter, he extends his rounds to cover two neighbouring villages, carrying medicine on his back when the roads are too bad for any vehicle. He believes that effective healthcare depends on trust, and trust is built by showing up again and again, season after season. When young people ask how they can make a difference, he smiles and says: “Find what people truly need, and give it with perseverance — that is the whole secret of a life worth living.” His words, simple as they are, have already inspired three young people from the village to study medicine themselves. 1. Why did Dr Wu decide to become a doctor? A. His parents forced him to study medicine. B. A childhood memory of his sick sister touched him. C. He wanted to earn a lot of money in the city. D. The government offered him a high salary. 2. What has Dr Wu done for his community over the years? A. He has trained villagers in basic first aid. B. He has built a large hospital in the city. C. He has asked the government for more money. D. He has moved the clinic closer to the town. 3. How does Dr Wu reach the neighbouring villages in winter? A. He drives his own car. B. He rides a horse. C. He carries medicine on foot. D. He takes a bus. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Mountain villages need more hospitals. B. Medical training is more important than medicine. C. Doctors should always charge reasonable fees. D. One person's devotion can change a community. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代吴医生从医的原因——"The memory of carrying his sick sister down that rocky path stayed with him for life, and it became his mission to change things"，童年背生病妹妹走山路求医的记忆伴随他一生，成为他想改变现状的使命，与B项A childhood memory of his sick sister touched him对应，故选B。A、D两项文中未提及；C项"想在城市赚大钱"与"Instead of opening a clinic in the city"直接矛盾。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段列举吴医生的贡献——"He has trained more than thirty local villagers in basic first aid"（培训三十多名村民掌握基础急救）、"helped obtain free vaccines"（帮助获得免费疫苗），其中A项He has trained villagers in basic first aid是原文明确信息，故选A。B项"建大医院"、C项"向政府要钱"、D项"把诊所搬进城"均与原文不符。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段首句是解题句——"he extends his rounds to cover two neighbouring villages, carrying medicine on his back when the roads are too bad for any vehicle"，道路无法通车时他背着药步行巡诊，与C项He carries medicine on foot一致，故选C。A项"开车"、B项"骑马"、D项"坐公交"均与"roads are too bad for any vehicle"相悖。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以吴医生扎根山村行医二十年为主线：从童年使命到培训村民、争取疫苗、自掏腰包、寒冬步行巡诊，末段点明主旨——"Find what people truly need, and give it with perseverance"，即一个人凭借毅力和奉献可以改变一个社区，与D项One person's devotion can change a community吻合，故选D。A项"山村需要更多医院"偏离主线；B项"医疗培训比药品重要"是文中细节而非主旨；C项"医生应合理收费"与文中免费行医的事实不符。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：donate, hesitate, earn, contribution, relief, effective, perseverance, extend, generous, aid, obtain, mission Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Every month, Mr Lin gives part of his pension to the school library. → Every month, Mr Lin ____________ part of his pension to the school library. 2. The young man works hard to make a living and support his family. → The young man works hard to ____________ a living and support his family. 3. Everyone's share of effort, however small, helps to build a better school. → Everyone's ____________, however small, helps to build a better school. 4. The good news made the worried parents feel much better. → The good news brought great ____________ to the worried parents. 5. Regular exercise is a really useful way to keep both body and mind healthy. → Regular exercise is a highly ____________ way to keep both body and mind healthy. 6. With steady effort, the old man finally learned to use a computer. → With great ____________, the old man finally learned to use a computer. 7. The charity plans to enlarge its help to more schools in the countryside. → The charity plans to ____________ its help to more schools in the countryside. 8. It was very kind of you to share your lunch with the new student. → It was ____________ of you to share your lunch with the new student. 9. Volunteers offer help to the families who lost their homes in the flood. → Volunteers offer ____________ to the families who lost their homes in the flood. 10. It took her months to get the scholarship she had always dreamed of. → It took her months to ____________ the scholarship she had always dreamed of. 11. His life goal is to bring free treatment to the mountain villages. → His ____________ in life is to bring free treatment to the mountain villages. 12. Without a moment's pause, she jumped into the river to save the child. → Without a moment's ____________, she jumped into the river to save the child. 【答案】 1. donates 2. earn 3. contribution 4. relief 5. effective 6. perseverance 7. extend 8. generous 9. aid 10. obtain 11. mission 12. hesitation Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：donates → earn → contribution → relief → effective → generous → hesitate → mission → perseverance → obtain → extend → aid 复述模板（填空）： 林老师每月把部分退休金____________（捐赠）给学校图书馆，帮贫困学生____________（挣钱）；他的____________（贡献）给买不起书的家庭带来____________（宽慰），这种简单而____________（有效的）方式激励年轻人____________（慷慨的）付出。 问到坚持的原因他毫不犹豫（hesitate）：给予是____________（使命），凭____________（毅力）一小群人也带来改变；他设法____________（获得）新电脑，____________（扩展）阅览室，并计划提供急救（aid）培训。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：donates; earn; contribution; relief; effective; generous; mission; perseverance; obtain; extend 复述模板参考版本： Every month, Mr Lin donates part of his pension to the school library and helps poor students earn money through weekend tutoring. His contribution brings great relief to families who cannot afford new books, and his simple but effective way of helping inspires young people to be generous with their time. When asked what keeps him going, he does not hesitate: giving is a mission, and with perseverance even a small group can make a real difference. Last year he managed to obtain new computers and helped extend the reading room, and he is now planning to offer first aid training to local volunteers. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $