Unit 5 Language around the World（复习讲义）英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义以“人与社会”主题语境为核心，通过表格系统梳理单元复习要点与重难点，将词汇、语法、应用文写作等知识按“基础梳理-用法归纳-拓展练习”框架呈现，清晰展现语言文化类核心知识的内在联系与重点分布。 讲义亮点在于练习设计紧扣语言能力与思维品质培养，如词汇部分结合建议信、感谢信等应用文场景设计微写作，语法通过“单句填空-语篇应用”递进练习强化“介词+关系代词”定语从句运用。分层练习满足不同学生需求，助力自主复习，为教师实施精准教学提供有效支持。

人教版必修第一册 Unit 5 Language around the World （复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与社会，围绕世界语言、汉语发展演变、方言文化、语言学习、文明交流互鉴跨文化场景展开。 词汇短语：掌握语言种类、文字演变、文化传播、语言学习、交流沟通相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3语法：掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“no matter +疑问词”引导的状语从句。 4.应用文写作：掌握建议博客文章常用的首段、中段及尾端句型与完整写作框架。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：建议类博客写作和定语从句的灵活应用。 单元词汇 知识点 1. refer vi.提到;参考;查阅　vt.将……送交给 情景导学 I My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his boss.　 我的同事说，由于情况不同寻常，他会把这件事提交给他的老板。 用法归纳 ① refer to　指的是；描述；提到；查阅 refer ...to ...　　把……提交给…… refer to ...as ...　　把……称作…… ②in/with reference to sb/sth　关于 词汇拓展 reference n. 指称关系；参考 注意：refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”,再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①If you meet with the characters you don't know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer __________reference books or turn to others for help.(应用文之建议信) ②Youth,referred to __________my best friend,accompanies me through my whole high school.(应用文之短文投稿)  微写作 ③我写信是为了介绍一些关于中国近年来所取得的成就方面的信息。　 I am writing to introduce some information _____________________________________________. 2. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 情景导学 I'd appreciate it if you could take the trouble to give me some advice.(应用文之求助信) 如果您能费心给我提些建议,我将不胜感激。 用法归纳 ①appreciate+n./pron./动词-ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激。 appreciate+that/wh-从句 理解/意识到…… ②convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 in appreciation of 为了感谢…… 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 感激 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①From my point of view,we should learn ____________________(appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs.  ②I'm writing to express my ___________ (appreciate) for what you did for me during my stay in London.(应用文之感谢信)  ③I appreciate _____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.  微写作 ④如果您能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。 _______________________________________________at your earliest convenience.(appreciate)  3. base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据 情景导学 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners. Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first.(应用文之告知信) 我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。 用法归纳 ① base...on/upon.../be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据 ② on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 词汇拓展 ①basis n.基础 ②basic adj. 基本的;基础的 ③basically adv.基本上;大体上 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①After school we practise dancing ______a regular basis,which helps me connect with others and greatly enriches my campus life.(应用文之学校生活)  ②On the __________(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.  ③You'd better learn some __________(base) Chinese before you study for a degree in Chinese culture.  句式升级 ④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading. →The novel __________________________was well worth reading.(过去分词短语作定语)  4. major adj.主要的;重要的;大的　n.主修课程;主修学生　vi.主修;专门研究 情景导学 In fact,he encourages me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world. 事实上,他鼓励我在大学主修英语,成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。 用法归纳 ①major in 主修…… ②a/the majority of 大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数 注意：the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 词汇拓展 majority n.大部分;大多数 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Calligraphy has been regarded as __________major part of Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty.  ②Those who have voted for me are __________the majority,so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.  ③Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major __________calligraphy at university in the future.  ④School is our second home where we spend the ____________ (major) of time living and learning.  5. means n.方式;方法;途径 情景导学 From the experience I learnt that by no means is working hard equal to damaging one's health.(读后续写之主旨升华) 我从这次经历知道了努力工作绝不等同于损害健康。 用法归纳 a means of (doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途径 by this means 用这种方法 by means of 用,依靠;通过 by all means 无论如何;当然可以(口语) by no means 决不;无论如何都不(位于句首,句子要部分倒装) 注意：means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Every possible means ___________________(try),but none has worked.　 ②You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance,which is also ___means of showing your good table manners.(应用文之建议信)  ③If you are eager to improve your Chinese,then __________all means make use of every chance to communicate with the locals.(应用文之建议信)  ④Students build up their vocabularies __________means of reading more.  ⑤没有Paul的好心帮忙,Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。 ______________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(倒装)  6. struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗 情景导学 Seeing Tom struggling out of his wheelchair,she struggled to hold back her tears. (读后续写之动作和神态描写) 看到汤姆挣扎着从轮椅上下来,她强忍住眼泪。 用法归纳 ①struggle for...为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ②it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①At present,China has to struggle _______________all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.  ②As far as I'm concerned,it is not hard for one to do a good deed,but it's ______struggle to do good deeds for a lifetime.(读后续写之主旨升华)  ③From now on,you should prepare yourself for your future,struggle __________your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University. 句式升级 ④Mary had struggled for months to find a job,and finally took a position at a local advertising agency. →_________________________________________,Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语)  7. equal n.同等的人;相等物　adj.相同的;同样的　vt.比得上;敌得过 情景导学 I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。 用法归纳 ①be equal to sth/doing sth=be fit/qualified for sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 ②equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 ③be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比 词汇拓展 ①equality n.平等;相等 ②equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①I am convinced that I am equal to __________(be) a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.(应用文之申请信)  ②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is ___________equal in playing basketball.  ③(2021全国乙卷)Learning to tell the difference between the true and the false is __________(equal) important.(应用文之发言稿) 微写作 ④更重要的是，它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技能。 More importantly， it guarantees that students with varying communication abilities _________ ________________________________________________ 8. demand n.要求;需求　vt.强烈要求;需要　vi.查问 情景导学 As new members are in demand in our basketball club， I’m writing to invite you to join it.（邀请信）由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员，我写信是想邀请你加入。 用法归纳 ①be in （great） demand　　　（迫切）需求 meet/satisfy one’s demand　　满足某人的需求 a demand for ...　　对……的需求/要求 ②demand to do sth　　要求做某事 demand that ...（should） do sth　要求……（应该）做某事 词汇拓展 demanding adj.要求高的 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①As new members are __________demand in our basketball club,I'm writing to invite you to join it.(应用文之邀请信)  ②My father came down and demanded _______(know) what had happened.  ③Father demanded that the twins ____________(clean) up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast.  微写作 ④因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。 Because picking apples involved climbing trees,________________________________________.  9. relate vt.联系;讲述 情景导学 I'm considering choosing English as my major in university and furthering my education related to English. 我考虑在大学选择英语作为我的专业,并继续接受与英语有关的教育。 用法归纳 ①relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事 relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 ②be related to...与……有关 ③in relation to 关于 词汇拓展 ①related adj.相关的;有联系的 ②relation n.关系,联系 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①This is quite important,because it is directly related _______your commitment.  ②The position calls for __________(relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.  ③Determining where we are in __________(relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.  微写作 ④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。 You should write down all the information ____________________the problem.(relation)  10. date back (to...) 追溯到 情景导学 Calligraphy is an art form dating back to the Han Dynasty. 书法是一种可以追溯到汉代的艺术形式。 用法归纳 ①up to date 时髦的 out of date 过时的 to date 迄今;到目前为止 set a date for...确定……的日期 make a date with sb 与某人约会/预约 ②go back to 追溯到…… 注意：date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①__________(date) from 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.  ②(2021北京卷)Would you mind if I suggested setting a date __________the outing next Sunday afternoon?(应用文之道歉信)   ③Chinese tea culture __________(date) back to thousands of years ago and drinking tea has gradually become a tradition.(应用文之短文投稿) 微写作 ④我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。 The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Confucian Temple ________________________________________________.(动词-ing形式短语作定语) 单元句型 1. 句型公式：“be of＋抽象名词”结构 例句：Learning that the operation was of no use to the old man，I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.　（情绪描写） 当得知手术对那位老人没用时，我感到喉咙哽塞，泪水夺眶而出。 知识总结 ①be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该名词的同根形容词 ②of＋size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表示人或物的属性的名词，在句中作表语或定语。 即时练习 句型转换/一句多译 ①The majority of students consider that watching English movies is_______________（benefit） to their English learning. →The majority of students consider that watching English movies is__________________to their English learning.(名词) ②在我看来，掌握基本的生活技能对我们学生而言是非常重要的。　 →As far as I’m concerned， learning basic living skills____________________________________.（名词） → From my point of view， mastering basic living skills_________________________________.（形容词） 2. 句型公式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 例句：Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 知识总结 no matter where/what在句中引导让步状语从句 ①“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 ②whatever， whoever， whichever， whomever既可引导名词性从 句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 即时练习 微写作 ①我从这次经历中学到，无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该努力解决。　 I learned from the experience that_______________________________________,we should try our best to solve them. ②无论谁找到了实验室丢失的钥匙，请立即交给约翰逊先生。 _________________________________________ should immediately hand it in to Mr Johnson. ③无论玛丽多么忙，她每天都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语。 _________________________________________________________________， she will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese. 单元语法：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指人时关系代词用 whom;指物时关系代词用which。 2.介词的确定： ①根据先行词来确定 ②根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 ③根据定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 ④根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 ⑤根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。 3.介词的位置 ①一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词 which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。 ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to, care for(照顾，喜欢）hear of/from, take care of等. 即时练习 Ⅰ单句语法填空 1.  There are different types of natural disasters, some of ______ are more frequent.  2.  He has 20 books, only two of ______ are interesting. 3.  The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, most of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. 4．A contest is a competition or game in ________ people try to win. 5．The reason  ____which he was late for the meeting was that he was stuck in a traffic jam. 6．Self-driving is an area in _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 7．I don’t have enough money _______ which I can buy such an expensive dress. 8．The gentleman ____ whom you spoke just now is our headmaster. Ⅱ.语篇填空 The Vikings were a group of people 1._________ came from Scandinavia. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe 2._________ the Vikings chose to live. 982 AD was the year 3._________ a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west. According to the old stories, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he committed a murder, for 4._________ he got into trouble. Eric the Red reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place 5._________ he landed. In the year 1002, when Eric the Red’s son Leif was planning a trip further west, Bjarni was the man with 6._________ Leif discussed his plans. He then sailed further south to an island 7._________ is now known as Newfoundland, in Canada. （时间：40分钟） Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.（2025·全国二卷）The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English.For 　　　　　　　　（本地的） speakers of English， some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. 2.　　　　　 （尽管） the fact that there are various Chinese 　　　　　　（文字）， I have been 　　　　　　（努力） to learn them well. 3.Nowadays， people use video calls as a 　　　　　　　　（方法） of keeping in touch with family abroad. 4.Online learning is 　　　　　　　　（把……视为） as the most effective way to learn English. 5.〔译林选必四〕Your body language is equally important， since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and 　　　　　　　　（态度）. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.I have difficulty 　　　　　the tourist attraction，whose beauty is beyond 　　　　　.（describe） 2.The company whose 　　　　　　is in Beijing desires to build business relationship with us on the 　　　　　　of trust and mutual benefit.（base） 3.The chairman of the Student Association organizes 　　　　　　of activities， 　　　　　　from English Corners to Speech Competitions.（variety） 4.（2022·全国甲卷）First， try every means to fight against 　　　　　　warming， which has become a great threat to sea creatures around the 　　　　　　.（globe） 5.When taking examinations， we are banned from 　　　　　　to our 　　　　　　books.（reference） 6.Her job as a brain surgeon is incredibly 　　　　　　（demand）， but she loves helping people and saving lives. Ⅲ.短语填空 refer to； ups and downs； relate to； date back to； point of view 1.It dawned on me that we should learn to appreciate life and hold a positive attitude despite the 　　　　　　　　. （主旨升华） 2.When you disagree with your parents， take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their 　　　　　　　　. （建议信） 3.I’d like to share with you some details which 　　　　　　　　Chinese table manners. 4.Chinese tea culture 　　　　　　　　thousands of years ago and drinking tea gradually became a tradition. （传统文化） 5.Not only did you 　　　　　　　　abundant resources， but you also consulted many locals and professionals. Ⅳ.高级句式表达 1.我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了不管出现什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想。（主旨升华） I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.越常抓住机会和外国人交谈， 说外语时你就越自信。 The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　you will be when speaking a foreign language. 3.学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。 Learning to discipline ourselves 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Ⅴ.阅读理解　　 Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you’ll notice that the speakers use a lot of such interjections — mm-hmm， um， huh？ and the like — that don’t convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself.For many decades， linguists （语言学家） regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise.But recent research suggests they are essential tools for communication， helping regulate conversation flow and establish understanding between each other. 　　“Here is this phenomenon that is obvious but barely noticed，” says Mark Dingemanse， a linguist at Radboud University in the Netherlands.“The research turns out to upend our previous idea about it.” He highlights that interjections serve as “traffic signals” for interaction.For example， an um or uh from the speaker signals that they’re about to pause， but aren’t finished speaking.A quick huh ？ or what？ from the listener， on the other hand， can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair. 　　Interjections also serve as “continuers”， such as mm-hmm， which signals active listening and encourages the speaker to proceed.Because mm-hmm is made with a closed mouth， it’s clear that the signaler does not intend to speak. 　　“Continuers matter to a conversation，” says Dingemanse.In one classic experiment， 34 students listened as another volunteer told them a story.Some gave the usual “I’m listening” signals， while others — who had been instructed to count the number of words beginning with the letter T — were too distracted to do so.The lack of normal signals from the listeners led to stories that were less well-crafted.“That shows that these little words are quite consequential，” says Dingemanse. 　　And interjections also provide a window into interpersonal relationships.“These little markers say so much about what you think，” says Dingemanse.For example， “Do you want to go out for dinner？” is an invitation， and “Oh， so now you want to go out for dinner？” implies disagreement， doubt or a teasing tone. 　　These little words go right to the heart of language and what it is for.“Language exists because we need to interact with one another，” says Börstell. 1.What did the linguists think of the words like mm-hmm， um， huh？（　　） A.They were speakers’ habits. B.They were meaningless fillers. C.They were difficult to understand. D.They were irrelevant to each other. 2.What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Support. B.Explain. C.Simplify. D.Challenge. 3.What does the experiment prove？（　　） A.Listeners take interjections seriously. B.The storyteller prefers to use interjections. C.A smooth conversation rejects interjections. D.Absence of interjections weakens communication. 4.What can we infer from paragraph 5？（　　） A.Interjections convey attitudes. B.Interjections are difficult to use. C.Interjections cause problems. D.Interjections are grammatically necessary. Ⅵ.完形填空 　　（2026·大连模拟）“You fight like a girl！” The boy laughed as he ran away after delivering that statement.Like a rock to a piece of glass， it 　1　 my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do， and my confidence 　2　 into the blackness of nonexistence. 　　Through the years， I buried those words in the depth of my memory as life 　3　 them with tasks， goals and achievements.Days melted away， and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then 　4　 ran out of control as I was met with the 　5　：“You have cancer.” 　　A（n） 　6　 year of surgeries and complications （并发症） made my happy ending impossible.Then came periods of 　7　 mixed with interruptions of relapses （复发）.Several times in my life， I have 　8　 those awful words through my half-a-century 　9　.But through my faith， I never allowed them to leave me 　10　.Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to 　11　 myself how strong and determined I am. 　　After one of my battles， someone asked me， “How do you keep going and not 　12　 ？” Instantly， I was taken back to that 　13　 of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly 　14　 new meaning in my heart.A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend.“I 　15　 because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL.” 1.（　）A.ruined B.established C.restored D.corrected 2.（　）A.faded B.expanded C.flowed D.poured 3.（　）A.combined B.loaded C.presented D.replaced 4.（　）A.unhurriedly B.unexpectedly C.unreasonably D.unaffectedly 5.（　）A.lesson B.post C.news D.advice 6.（　）A.wearing B.promising C.amazing D.inspiring 7.（　）A.guilt B.delight C.calm D.shame 8.（　）A.coined B.recalled C.processed D.spelled 9.（　）A.expectations B.dreams C.tales D.battles 10.（　）A.fearless B.hopeless C.speechless D.heartless 11.（　）A.warn B.comfort C.remind D.question 12.（　）A.get through B.back off C.break out D.hang up 13.（　）A.scene B.fantasy C.glory D.adventure 14.（　）A.laid B.revised C.erased D.held 15.（　）A.withdraw B.respond C.survive D.apologize Ⅶ.语法填空 　　（2026·盐城检测）A production integrating traditional Chinese opera with Western classical music took place in London. 　　The performance with the name A Hero’s Life tells of the story of Cai Lun，1________.　　　　　　 man in China’s Eastern Han Dynasty credited with the invention of paper.It was produced by a famous Chinese theatrical figure Chen Xinyi， who has created the performance style 2________.　　　　　　 （know） as “symphony poetry drama”. 　　The soundtrack （配乐）， performed by the Fidelio Orchestra， 3.　　　　　　 （compose） by Richard Strauss in the 19th century， in a style called a tone poem.It’s a single continuous movement made up of sequences similar 4.　　　　　　 chapters， as in a symphony. 　　“Cai Lun is a hero， 5.　　　　　　 invention changed civilization and advanced cultural progress.But surprisingly， he also experienced misfortune， which stimulated my sympathy — he is a super dramatic character，” Chen adds.“6.　　　　　　 （combine） a story with music written hundreds of years ago and thousands of kilometers apart seems unlikely， but the instant I heard A Hero’s Life， the pairing came together.” 　　Linking Chinese theater and Western music is a practice Chen has kept exploring for two decades， eight of her symphony poetry dramas performed 7.　　　　　　 （previous）， but this was her first performance in England. “England is William Shakespeare’s home.There’s a 8.　　　　　　 （connect） between him and the great playwright Tang Xianzu， who emerged in China at the same time，” she explains.“Then Europe saw the rise of symphonic music at the same time as China saw the rise of Peking Opera.So I love to bring together these two great performance styles and London is 9______　　　　　　 I particularly desired 10.　　　　　　 （do） it.” 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版必修第一册 Unit 5 Language around the World （复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与社会，围绕世界语言、汉语发展演变、方言文化、语言学习、文明交流互鉴跨文化场景展开。 词汇短语：掌握语言种类、文字演变、文化传播、语言学习、交流沟通相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3语法：掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“no matter +疑问词”引导的状语从句。 4.应用文写作：掌握建议博客文章常用的首段、中段及尾端句型与完整写作框架。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：建议类博客写作和定语从句的灵活应用。 单元词汇 知识点 1. refer vi.提到;参考;查阅　vt.将……送交给 情景导学 I My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his boss.　 我的同事说，由于情况不同寻常，他会把这件事提交给他的老板。 用法归纳 ① refer to　指的是；描述；提到；查阅 refer ...to ...　　把……提交给…… refer to ...as ...　　把……称作…… ②in/with reference to sb/sth　关于 词汇拓展 reference n. 指称关系；参考 注意：refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”,再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①If you meet with the characters you don't know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer __________reference books or turn to others for help.(应用文之建议信) ②Youth,referred to __________my best friend,accompanies me through my whole high school.(应用文之短文投稿)  微写作 ③我写信是为了介绍一些关于中国近年来所取得的成就方面的信息。　 I am writing to introduce some information _____________________________________________. 参考答案：①to 　② as ③ in/with reference to China’s achievements in recent years　 2. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 情景导学 I'd appreciate it if you could take the trouble to give me some advice.(应用文之求助信) 如果您能费心给我提些建议,我将不胜感激。 用法归纳 ①appreciate+n./pron./动词-ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激。 appreciate+that/wh-从句 理解/意识到…… ②convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 in appreciation of 为了感谢…… 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 感激 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①From my point of view,we should learn ____________________(appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs.  ②I'm writing to express my ___________ (appreciate) for what you did for me during my stay in London.(应用文之感谢信)  ③I appreciate _____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.  微写作 ④如果您能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。 _______________________________________________at your earliest convenience.(appreciate)  参考答案：①to appreciate 　②appreciation ③ being given ④I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me 3. base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据 情景导学 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners. Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first.(应用文之告知信) 我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。 用法归纳 ① base...on/upon.../be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据 ② on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 词汇拓展 ①basis n.基础 ②basic adj. 基本的;基础的 ③basically adv.基本上;大体上 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①After school we practise dancing ______a regular basis,which helps me connect with others and greatly enriches my campus life.(应用文之学校生活)  ②On the __________(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.  ③You'd better learn some __________(base) Chinese before you study for a degree in Chinese culture.  句式升级 ④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading. →The novel __________________________was well worth reading.(过去分词短语作定语)  参考答案：①on　② basis　③ basic ④ based on an interesting story 4. major adj.主要的;重要的;大的　n.主修课程;主修学生　vi.主修;专门研究 情景导学 In fact,he encourages me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world. 事实上,他鼓励我在大学主修英语,成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。 用法归纳 ①major in 主修…… ②a/the majority of 大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数 注意：the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 词汇拓展 majority n.大部分;大多数 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Calligraphy has been regarded as __________major part of Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty.  ②Those who have voted for me are __________the majority,so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.  ③Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major __________calligraphy at university in the future.  ④School is our second home where we spend the ____________ (major) of time living and learning.  参考答案：① a ② in ③ in ④ majority 5. means n.方式;方法;途径 情景导学 From the experience I learnt that by no means is working hard equal to damaging one's health.(读后续写之主旨升华) 我从这次经历知道了努力工作绝不等同于损害健康。 用法归纳 a means of (doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途径 by this means 用这种方法 by means of 用,依靠;通过 by all means 无论如何;当然可以(口语) by no means 决不;无论如何都不(位于句首,句子要部分倒装) 注意：means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Every possible means ___________________(try),but none has worked.　 ②You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance,which is also ___means of showing your good table manners.(应用文之建议信)  ③If you are eager to improve your Chinese,then __________all means make use of every chance to communicate with the locals.(应用文之建议信)  ④Students build up their vocabularies __________means of reading more.  ⑤没有Paul的好心帮忙,Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。 ______________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(倒装)  参考答案：① has been tried 　② a ③ by ④ by ⑤ By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away 6. struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗 情景导学 Seeing Tom struggling out of his wheelchair,she struggled to hold back her tears. (读后续写之动作和神态描写) 看到汤姆挣扎着从轮椅上下来,她强忍住眼泪。 用法归纳 ①struggle for...为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ②it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①At present,China has to struggle _______________all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.  ②As far as I'm concerned,it is not hard for one to do a good deed,but it's ______struggle to do good deeds for a lifetime.(读后续写之主旨升华)  ③From now on,you should prepare yourself for your future,struggle __________your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University. 句式升级 ④Mary had struggled for months to find a job,and finally took a position at a local advertising agency. →_________________________________________,Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语)  参考答案：①against/with 　② a ③ for ④ Having struggled for months to find a job 7. equal n.同等的人;相等物　adj.相同的;同样的　vt.比得上;敌得过 情景导学 I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. 我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。 用法归纳 ①be equal to sth/doing sth=be fit/qualified for sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 ②equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 ③be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比 词汇拓展 ①equality n.平等;相等 ②equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①I am convinced that I am equal to __________(be) a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.(应用文之申请信)  ②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is ___________equal in playing basketball.  ③(2021全国乙卷)Learning to tell the difference between the true and the false is __________(equal) important.(应用文之发言稿) 微写作 ④更重要的是，它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技能。 More importantly， it guarantees that students with varying communication abilities _________ ________________________________________________ 参考答案：①being　② without ③ equally ④have equal opportunities/chances to develop their language skills 8. demand n.要求;需求　vt.强烈要求;需要　vi.查问 情景导学 As new members are in demand in our basketball club， I’m writing to invite you to join it.（邀请信）由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员，我写信是想邀请你加入。 用法归纳 ①be in （great） demand　　　（迫切）需求 meet/satisfy one’s demand　　满足某人的需求 a demand for ...　　对……的需求/要求 ②demand to do sth　　要求做某事 demand that ...（should） do sth　要求……（应该）做某事 词汇拓展 demanding adj.要求高的 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①As new members are __________demand in our basketball club,I'm writing to invite you to join it.(应用文之邀请信)  ②My father came down and demanded _______(know) what had happened.  ③Father demanded that the twins ____________(clean) up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast.  微写作 ④因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。 Because picking apples involved climbing trees,________________________________________.  参考答案：① in 　②to know 　③ (should) clean ④the farmers demanded that we (should) be cautious and careful 9. relate vt.联系;讲述 情景导学 I'm considering choosing English as my major in university and furthering my education related to English. 我考虑在大学选择英语作为我的专业,并继续接受与英语有关的教育。 用法归纳 ①relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事 relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 ②be related to...与……有关 ③in relation to 关于 词汇拓展 ①related adj.相关的;有联系的 ②relation n.关系,联系 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①This is quite important,because it is directly related _______your commitment.  ②The position calls for __________(relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.  ③Determining where we are in __________(relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.  微写作 ④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。 You should write down all the information ____________________the problem.(relation)  参考答案：① to ② related ③ relation ④ in relation to 10. date back (to...) 追溯到 情景导学 Calligraphy is an art form dating back to the Han Dynasty. 书法是一种可以追溯到汉代的艺术形式。 用法归纳 ①up to date 时髦的 out of date 过时的 to date 迄今;到目前为止 set a date for...确定……的日期 make a date with sb 与某人约会/预约 ②go back to 追溯到…… 注意：date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①__________(date) from 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.  ②(2021北京卷)Would you mind if I suggested setting a date __________the outing next Sunday afternoon?(应用文之道歉信)   ③Chinese tea culture __________(date) back to thousands of years ago and drinking tea has gradually become a tradition.(应用文之短文投稿) 微写作 ④我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。 The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Confucian Temple ________________________________________________.(动词-ing形式短语作定语) 参考答案：① Dating ② for 　③dates ④ dating back to 478 BCE 单元句型 1. 句型公式：“be of＋抽象名词”结构 例句：Learning that the operation was of no use to the old man，I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.　（情绪描写） 当得知手术对那位老人没用时，我感到喉咙哽塞，泪水夺眶而出。 知识总结 ①be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该名词的同根形容词 ②of＋size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表示人或物的属性的名词，在句中作表语或定语。 即时练习 句型转换/一句多译 ①The majority of students consider that watching English movies is_______________（benefit） to their English learning. →The majority of students consider that watching English movies is__________________to their English learning.(名词) ②在我看来，掌握基本的生活技能对我们学生而言是非常重要的。　 →As far as I’m concerned， learning basic living skills____________________________________.（名词） → From my point of view， mastering basic living skills_________________________________.（形容词） 参考答案：①beneficial；of benefit ②is of great importance/significance to us students；is very important/significant to us students 2. 句型公式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 例句：Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 知识总结 no matter where/what在句中引导让步状语从句 ①“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 ②whatever， whoever， whichever， whomever既可引导名词性从 句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 即时练习 微写作 ①我从这次经历中学到，无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该努力解决。　 I learned from the experience that_______________________________________,we should try our best to solve them. ②无论谁找到了实验室丢失的钥匙，请立即交给约翰逊先生。 _________________________________________ should immediately hand it in to Mr Johnson. ③无论玛丽多么忙，她每天都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语。 _________________________________________________________________， she will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese. 参考答案： ① whatever/no matter what difficulties we met ②Whoever finds the missing keys to the laboratory ③However/No matter how busy Mary is　 单元语法：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指人时关系代词用 whom;指物时关系代词用which。 2.介词的确定： ①根据先行词来确定 ②根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 ③根据定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 ④根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 ⑤根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。 3.介词的位置 ①一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词 which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。 ②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to, care for(照顾，喜欢）hear of/from, take care of等. 即时练习 Ⅰ单句语法填空 1.  There are different types of natural disasters, some of ______ are more frequent.  2.  He has 20 books, only two of ______ are interesting. 3.  The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, most of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. 4．A contest is a competition or game in ________ people try to win. 5．The reason  ____which he was late for the meeting was that he was stuck in a traffic jam. 6．Self-driving is an area in _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 7．I don’t have enough money _______ which I can buy such an expensive dress. 8．The gentleman ____ whom you spoke just now is our headmaster. 参考答案：① which ② which ③ whom ④ which ⑤ for ⑥ which ⑦ with ⑧ to Ⅱ.语篇填空 The Vikings were a group of people 1._________ came from Scandinavia. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe 2._________ the Vikings chose to live. 982 AD was the year 3._________ a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west. According to the old stories, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he committed a murder, for 4._________ he got into trouble. Eric the Red reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place 5._________ he landed. In the year 1002, when Eric the Red’s son Leif was planning a trip further west, Bjarni was the man with 6._________ Leif discussed his plans. He then sailed further south to an island 7._________ is now known as Newfoundland, in Canada. 参考答案：1.who 2. where 3.when 4.which 5.where 6.whom 7. which （时间：40分钟） Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.（2025·全国二卷）The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English.For 　　　　　　　　（本地的） speakers of English， some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. 2.　　　　　 （尽管） the fact that there are various Chinese 　　　　　　（文字）， I have been 　　　　　　（努力） to learn them well. 3.Nowadays， people use video calls as a 　　　　　　　　（方法） of keeping in touch with family abroad. 4.Online learning is 　　　　　　　　（把……视为） as the most effective way to learn English. 5.〔译林选必四〕Your body language is equally important， since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and 　　　　　　　　（态度）. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.I have difficulty 　　　　　the tourist attraction，whose beauty is beyond 　　　　　.（describe） 2.The company whose 　　　　　　is in Beijing desires to build business relationship with us on the 　　　　　　of trust and mutual benefit.（base） 3.The chairman of the Student Association organizes 　　　　　　of activities， 　　　　　　from English Corners to Speech Competitions.（variety） 4.（2022·全国甲卷）First， try every means to fight against 　　　　　　warming， which has become a great threat to sea creatures around the 　　　　　　.（globe） 5.When taking examinations， we are banned from 　　　　　　to our 　　　　　　books.（reference） 6.Her job as a brain surgeon is incredibly 　　　　　　（demand）， but she loves helping people and saving lives. Ⅲ.短语填空 refer to； ups and downs； relate to； date back to； point of view 1.It dawned on me that we should learn to appreciate life and hold a positive attitude despite the 　　　　　　　　. （主旨升华） 2.When you disagree with your parents， take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their 　　　　　　　　. （建议信） 3.I’d like to share with you some details which 　　　　　　　　Chinese table manners. 4.Chinese tea culture 　　　　　　　　thousands of years ago and drinking tea gradually became a tradition. （传统文化） 5.Not only did you 　　　　　　　　abundant resources， but you also consulted many locals and professionals. Ⅳ.高级句式表达 1.我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了不管出现什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想。（主旨升华） I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.越常抓住机会和外国人交谈， 说外语时你就越自信。 The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　you will be when speaking a foreign language. 3.学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。 Learning to discipline ourselves 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. Ⅴ.阅读理解　　 Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you’ll notice that the speakers use a lot of such interjections — mm-hmm， um， huh？ and the like — that don’t convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself.For many decades， linguists （语言学家） regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise.But recent research suggests they are essential tools for communication， helping regulate conversation flow and establish understanding between each other. 　　“Here is this phenomenon that is obvious but barely noticed，” says Mark Dingemanse， a linguist at Radboud University in the Netherlands.“The research turns out to upend our previous idea about it.” He highlights that interjections serve as “traffic signals” for interaction.For example， an um or uh from the speaker signals that they’re about to pause， but aren’t finished speaking.A quick huh ？ or what？ from the listener， on the other hand， can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair. 　　Interjections also serve as “continuers”， such as mm-hmm， which signals active listening and encourages the speaker to proceed.Because mm-hmm is made with a closed mouth， it’s clear that the signaler does not intend to speak. 　　“Continuers matter to a conversation，” says Dingemanse.In one classic experiment， 34 students listened as another volunteer told them a story.Some gave the usual “I’m listening” signals， while others — who had been instructed to count the number of words beginning with the letter T — were too distracted to do so.The lack of normal signals from the listeners led to stories that were less well-crafted.“That shows that these little words are quite consequential，” says Dingemanse. 　　And interjections also provide a window into interpersonal relationships.“These little markers say so much about what you think，” says Dingemanse.For example， “Do you want to go out for dinner？” is an invitation， and “Oh， so now you want to go out for dinner？” implies disagreement， doubt or a teasing tone. 　　These little words go right to the heart of language and what it is for.“Language exists because we need to interact with one another，” says Börstell. 1.What did the linguists think of the words like mm-hmm， um， huh？（　　） A.They were speakers’ habits. B.They were meaningless fillers. C.They were difficult to understand. D.They were irrelevant to each other. 2.What does the underlined word “upend” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Support. B.Explain. C.Simplify. D.Challenge. 3.What does the experiment prove？（　　） A.Listeners take interjections seriously. B.The storyteller prefers to use interjections. C.A smooth conversation rejects interjections. D.Absence of interjections weakens communication. 4.What can we infer from paragraph 5？（　　） A.Interjections convey attitudes. B.Interjections are difficult to use. C.Interjections cause problems. D.Interjections are grammatically necessary. Ⅵ.完形填空 　　（2026·大连模拟）“You fight like a girl！” The boy laughed as he ran away after delivering that statement.Like a rock to a piece of glass， it 　1　 my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do， and my confidence 　2　 into the blackness of nonexistence. 　　Through the years， I buried those words in the depth of my memory as life 　3　 them with tasks， goals and achievements.Days melted away， and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then 　4　 ran out of control as I was met with the 　5　：“You have cancer.” 　　A（n） 　6　 year of surgeries and complications （并发症） made my happy ending impossible.Then came periods of 　7　 mixed with interruptions of relapses （复发）.Several times in my life， I have 　8　 those awful words through my half-a-century 　9　.But through my faith， I never allowed them to leave me 　10　.Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to 　11　 myself how strong and determined I am. 　　After one of my battles， someone asked me， “How do you keep going and not 　12　 ？” Instantly， I was taken back to that 　13　 of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly 　14　 new meaning in my heart.A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend.“I 　15　 because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL.” 1.（　）A.ruined B.established C.restored D.corrected 2.（　）A.faded B.expanded C.flowed D.poured 3.（　）A.combined B.loaded C.presented D.replaced 4.（　）A.unhurriedly B.unexpectedly C.unreasonably D.unaffectedly 5.（　）A.lesson B.post C.news D.advice 6.（　）A.wearing B.promising C.amazing D.inspiring 7.（　）A.guilt B.delight C.calm D.shame 8.（　）A.coined B.recalled C.processed D.spelled 9.（　）A.expectations B.dreams C.tales D.battles 10.（　）A.fearless B.hopeless C.speechless D.heartless 11.（　）A.warn B.comfort C.remind D.question 12.（　）A.get through B.back off C.break out D.hang up 13.（　）A.scene B.fantasy C.glory D.adventure 14.（　）A.laid B.revised C.erased D.held 15.（　）A.withdraw B.respond C.survive D.apologize Ⅶ.语法填空 　　（2026·盐城检测）A production integrating traditional Chinese opera with Western classical music took place in London. 　　The performance with the name A Hero’s Life tells of the story of Cai Lun，1________.　　　　　　 man in China’s Eastern Han Dynasty credited with the invention of paper.It was produced by a famous Chinese theatrical figure Chen Xinyi， who has created the performance style 2________.　　　　　　 （know） as “symphony poetry drama”. 　　The soundtrack （配乐）， performed by the Fidelio Orchestra， 3.　　　　　　 （compose） by Richard Strauss in the 19th century， in a style called a tone poem.It’s a single continuous movement made up of sequences similar 4.　　　　　　 chapters， as in a symphony. 　　“Cai Lun is a hero， 5.　　　　　　 invention changed civilization and advanced cultural progress.But surprisingly， he also experienced misfortune， which stimulated my sympathy — he is a super dramatic character，” Chen adds.“6.　　　　　　 （combine） a story with music written hundreds of years ago and thousands of kilometers apart seems unlikely， but the instant I heard A Hero’s Life， the pairing came together.” 　　Linking Chinese theater and Western music is a practice Chen has kept exploring for two decades， eight of her symphony poetry dramas performed 7.　　　　　　 （previous）， but this was her first performance in England. “England is William Shakespeare’s home.There’s a 8.　　　　　　 （connect） between him and the great playwright Tang Xianzu， who emerged in China at the same time，” she explains.“Then Europe saw the rise of symphonic music at the same time as China saw the rise of Peking Opera.So I love to bring together these two great performance styles and London is 9______　　　　　　 I particularly desired 10.　　　　　　 （do） it.” 参考答案： Ⅰ.1.native　2.Despite； characters； struggling　3.means　4.regarded　5.attitudes Ⅱ.1.describing； description　2.base； basis 3.varieties； varying　4.global； globe 5.referring； reference　6.demanding Ⅲ.1.ups and downs　2.point of view　3.relate to 4.dates back to　5.refer to Ⅳ.1.no matter what difficulties might arise 2.the more confident 3.is of great benefit to our English learning Ⅴ.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言学家对像 “mm-hmm， um， huh？” 等插入语的研究，过去认为它们是无意义的噪音，现在发现它们是交流的重要工具，能调节对话流程、建立相互理解，还能反映人际关系。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，语言学家过去认为像“mm-hmm， um， huh？”这样的词是无意义的填充词。 2.D　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的But recent research suggests they are essential tools for communication可知，最近的研究表明它们是交流的重要工具，所以这项研究结果颠覆了我们之前对此的看法。upend意为“颠覆，挑战”。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，实验证明了感叹词的缺失会削弱沟通效果。 4.A　推理判断题。根据第五段举的例子可知，感叹词能够传达态度。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位男性在面对童年言语伤害和癌症挑战时，通过信仰和内心力量重新定义自我、勇敢抗争的故事。 1.A　根据Like a rock to a piece of glass可知，这句话对作者的打击很大，摧毁了作者的信念。 2.A　根据上文可知，作者的信念被摧毁，所以信心也消失了。 3.D　根据I buried those words in the depth of my memory可知，作者把那些话埋在记忆深处，是因为生活被其他事情取代，不再想那些话。 4.B　根据ran out of control可知，作者的生活出乎意料地失控了。 5.C　根据You have cancer.可知，这是作者听到的消息。 6.A　根据year of surgeries and complications可知，这一年充满了手术和并发症，是令人疲惫的。 7.C　根据Then可知，这里承接上文，说的是病情相对平静的时期。 8.B　根据those awful words可知，作者回忆起那些可怕的话。 9.D　根据上文可知，作者自小受童年言语的伤害，所以这里说的是半个世纪的斗争。下文After one of my battles也是提示。 10.B　根据But through my faith可知，作者有信念，所以不会让那些曾经的话使自己绝望。 11.C　根据语境可知，生活中的事情能提醒作者自己有多坚强和坚定。 12.B　根据How do you keep going可知，这里是问作者如何坚持而不退缩 （back off）。 13.A　根据of my youth可知，作者被带回到年少时的那个场景。 14.D　根据new meaning in my heart可知，现在那些曾经伤人的话在作者心中有了新的意义。 15.C　根据上文可知，作者经历了癌症等磨难，这里表示作者能活下来是因为自己像个女孩一样去战斗，去抗争。 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了将传统中国歌剧与西方古典音乐融合的作品《英雄生涯》在伦敦上演。该表演讲述了蔡伦的故事。 1.a　考查冠词。此处泛指一个男人，应用不定冠词，且man的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。 2.known　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词style，动词know和名词style之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 3.was composed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处在句中作谓语，根据in the 19th century可知，句子描述过去发生的事，且主语The soundtrack和动词compose 之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是单数，be动词应用was。 4.to　考查介词。（be） similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”。 5.whose　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 hero，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词invention，应用whose引导。 6.Combining　考查非谓语动词。此处是动词-ing形式作主语；置于句首，首字母大写。 7.previously　考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词performed。 8.connection　考查名词。此处应用名词connection作主语，根据a可知，应用单数。 9.where　考查名词性从句。此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。 10.to do　考查非谓语动词。desire to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 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