专题06 Unit 6 Earth first-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦必修二Unit 6核心主题，系统整合extinction、restore等12个高考高频词汇，通过“语境串记语篇”构建海洋保护主题记忆链，以词根拆解、词性变化总表等模块分层梳理考点，引导学生在语篇理解中自主关联词汇用法，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于多维度自主学习支持，如“语境复现语法填空”融合真题改编题，“知识点默写”强化语篇应用，“自我检测”通过记忆链复述诊断掌握情况，培养学生学习能力与思维品质。教师可依据学生练习反馈精准定位薄弱点，助力个性化复习指导，提升备考实效。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：extinction / restore / reduce / sustainable / attitude / devote / affect / adopt / release / severe / campaign / contribute （知识点来源：必修二 Unit 6 · Earth first + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Sharks may look frightening, but their extinction would break the balance of the whole ocean. Every year, millions of sharks are killed for their fins, and this affects the health of the sea far more severely than most people realise. Scientists are now working hard to restore shark populations, while schools teach children a more sustainable attitude towards nature — one that values every creature, however sharp its teeth. Last month, our school joined a local campaign to protect marine life. Volunteers devote their weekends to cleaning beaches and counting young fish. We adopted a small reef area near the harbour and promised to look after it for a whole year. The volunteers also release injured turtles back into the sea and contribute part of their pocket money to buying new nets that let small fish escape. In just one season, the change was already clearly visible. 【中文译文】 鲨鱼可能看起来很吓人，但它们的灭绝（extinction）会打破整个海洋的平衡。每年有数百万条鲨鱼因为鱼翅而被捕杀，这对海洋健康的影响（affect）远比大多数人意识到的严重。科学家们正努力恢复（restore）鲨鱼种群，学校也在教导孩子们对自然采取更可持续的（sustainable）态度（attitude）——一种珍视每一个生命的态度，无论它的牙齿有多锋利。 上个月，我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的运动（campaign）。志愿者们把周末奉献（devote）给清理海滩、清点幼鱼。我们认养（adopt）了港口附近的一小片礁区，并承诺照看它一整年。志愿者们还把受伤的海龟放归（release）大海，并把自己的一部分零花钱贡献（contribute）给购买能让小鱼逃脱的新渔网。仅仅一个季节，变化就已经清晰可见。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：鲨鱼灭绝会打破海洋平衡→捕杀影响海洋健康→科学家努力恢复种群→教导可持续的态度→学校加入保护运动→志愿者奉献周末→认养一片礁区→把受伤海龟放归大海→贡献零花钱购买新渔网→一个季节后变化清晰可见 记忆链：extinction → affects → restore → sustainable → attitude → campaign → devote → adopted → release → contribute Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种；消亡 ⚡考点：face extinction 面临灭绝；on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝；go extinct 灭绝；extinct adj. 灭绝的 2 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还 ⚡考点：restore confidence 恢复信心；restore an old building 修复古建筑；restoration n. 修复；恢复 3 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少，缩小；降低 ⚡考点：reduce waste 减少浪费；reduce A to/by B 减少到/减少B；reduction n. 减少 4 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 ⚡考点：sustainable development 可持续发展；sustainable energy 可持续能源；sustain vt. 维持；sustainability n. 可持续性 5 attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度，看法；姿态 ⚡考点：attitude to/towards 对…的态度；a positive attitude 积极态度；change one's attitude 改变态度 6 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把…奉献给；把…专用于 ⚡考点：devote oneself to 献身于；devote time to sth. 把时间用于；be devoted to 专心于；devotion n. 奉献 7 affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭 ⚡考点：be affected by 受…影响；affect the environment 影响环境；辨析affect（动）vs effect（名） 8 adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用，采取；收养；正式通过 ⚡考点：adopt a strategy 采取策略；adopt a child 收养孩子；adopt a rule 通过规定；辨析adopt/adapt/adjust 9 release /rɪˈliːs/ vt. 释放；发布；排放 n. 释放；发行 ⚡考点：release carbon dioxide 排放二氧化碳；release a film 发行影片；the release of …的释放 10 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 ⚡考点：severe damage 严重损害；severe weather 恶劣天气；be severe with 对…严厉；severely adv. 严重地 11 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 运动，活动；战役 vi. 参加运动 ⚡考点：launch a campaign 发起运动；an environmental campaign 环保运动；campaign for/against 为/反对…奔走 12 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献，捐助；促成；投稿 ⚡考点：contribute to 有助于；促成；make a contribution to 对…做贡献；contribute money to 捐款 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种；消亡 【核心考点】 extinction是环保类语篇的核心名词，本单元Earth first的主题词。用法要点：①（物种的）灭绝——the extinction of species（物种灭绝）、face extinction（面临灭绝）、be on the verge of extinction（濒临灭绝）、be in danger of extinction（有灭绝危险）；②抽象义"（某种事物、习俗的）消亡"。派生词是语法填空高频考点：extinct adj. 灭绝的→ an extinct species（已灭绝的物种）、go extinct（灭绝）；extinguish v. 扑灭；使消亡→ extinguish a fire（灭火）。辨析：extinction（物种整体灭绝）vs disappearance（消失，不一定灭绝）vs dying out（逐渐消亡）。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ stinct（拉丁语stinguere"刺；熄灭"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 被熄灭、被终止→ 灭绝。联想：stinct"熄灭"→ extinct（灭绝的）、extinguish（扑灭）、distinguish（区分→分开刺→分辨）、instinct（本能→内在的推动）。记住：生命之火被吹灭，就是extinction。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·extinct 形容词形式作表语）"In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records."（在为地球上的物种灭绝前留下记录的竞赛中，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。）（真题原句·extinction 灭绝） 【搭配词块】 face extinction 面临灭绝 / on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝 / go extinct 灭绝 / extinct adj. 灭绝的 2. restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还 【核心考点】 restore是环保与修复类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①恢复（健康、秩序、信心等）——restore confidence/order（恢复信心/秩序）；②修复（建筑、文物等）——restore the old temple（修复古庙）；③归还——restore sth. to sb.（把…归还给某人）。派生词：restoration n. 修复；恢复→ ecological restoration（生态修复）、Habitat Restoration Team（栖息地修复队）；restorative adj. 恢复健康的。辨析：restore（恢复到原来的状态，含"修复、复原"之义）vs recover（恢复健康；找回）vs repair（修理，功能修复）vs rebuild（重建）。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，again）+ store（拉丁语staurare"建立，放置"）→ 重新建立起来→ 恢复；修复。联想：store"建立"→ restore（重新建立→恢复）、restaurant（餐馆→为恢复体力提供食物的地方）、instore（店内的）。记住：re + store = 重新立起来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restore还可表示"（把失去或拿走的东西）归还"，如The stolen painting was restored to its owner（被盗的画已归还主人）。此义在法律与新闻类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·restore/restoring 原词及派生形式）"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge."（帮助修复和保护从马林海岬到博利纳斯岭的马林自然区域。）"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys."（栖息地修复队的志愿者在修复敏感资源、保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。）（真题原句·restore 修复；恢复） 【搭配词块】 restore confidence 恢复信心 / restore an old building 修复古建筑 / ecological restoration 生态修复 / be restored to 被归还给 3. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少，缩小；降低 【核心考点】 reduce是环保与经济类语篇最高频的动词之一，本单元环保主题的核心词。用法要点：①reduce sth.（减少某物）——reduce waste（减少浪费）、reduce the amount of（减少…的数量）；②reduce A to B（把A减少到B）——reduce the price to 100 yuan（把价格降到100元）；③reduce A by B（减少B数量）——reduce costs by 20%（成本降低20%）。派生词：reduction n. 减少→ a reduction in/of（…的减少）；reduced adj. 减少的。辨析：reduce（数量/程度上的减少）vs decrease（逐渐减少）vs decline（下降，多指数字/质量）vs lower（降低高度/程度）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，向后）+ duc（拉丁语ducere"引导"）+ -e→ 向后引导、带回→ 减少。联想：duc"引导"→ reduce（往回带→减少）、produce（生产→向前带出）、introduce（介绍→带入）、conduct（引导；指挥→共同带）、educate（教育→引导出来）。记住：re + duc = 往回带 = 减少。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reduce还可表示"（使）沦落，迫使处于（较差境地）"，常用be reduced to doing sth.（沦落到做某事），如He was reduced to begging in the street（他沦落到街头乞讨）。此义在小说与新闻语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·reduce 动词原形作目的状语）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构思发起，旨在减少孤独感、改善老年人的身心健康。）（真题原句·reduce 减少） 【搭配词块】 reduce waste 减少浪费 / reduce the amount of 减少…的数量 / a reduction in 在…方面的减少 / reduce costs 降低成本 4. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 【核心考点】 sustainable是环保类语篇的标志性形容词，本单元Earth first的主题词。用法要点：①可持续的——sustainable development（可持续发展）、sustainable energy（可持续能源）；②（资源）可维持的、合理利用的——sustainable farming（可持续农业）、sustainable fishing（可持续捕捞）。派生词：sustain vt. 维持；支撑→ sustain economic growth（维持经济增长）；sustainability n. 可持续性；sustainably adv. 可持续地。辨析：sustainable（可长期维持的）vs renewable（可再生的，指能源）vs stable（稳定的）vs durable（耐用的）。写作金句：Sustainable development means meeting our needs without harming future generations。 【词根联想】 sus-（=sub-，在下面，up）+ tain（拉丁语tenere"保持，握持"）+ -able（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 能从下面托住、保持下去的→ 可持续的。联想：tain"握持"→ sustain（维持→在下面托住）、maintain（维护；保养→用手握住）、contain（包含→握住）、obtain（获得→抓到手）、retain（保留→重新握住）。记住：sus + tain + able = 能托住保持的。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·sustainable 形容词作表语）"Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights."（骑自行车是游览这座城市最经济、最可持续也最有趣的方式——这座城市有美丽的运河、公园、广场和数不清的灯火。）（真题原句·sustainable 可持续的） 【搭配词块】 sustainable development 可持续发展 / sustainable energy 可持续能源 / sustainability n. 可持续性 / sustain vt. 维持 5. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度，看法；姿态 【核心考点】 attitude是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①attitude to/towards（对…的态度）——What is your attitude towards it?（你对此持什么态度？）；②an attitude of mind（心态）；③a positive/negative attitude（积极/消极的态度）；④take/have/adopt an attitude（采取某种态度）。辨析：attitude（对某事的态度、看法）vs viewpoint（观点，立场）vs opinion（意见）vs approach（处理方式）。写作金句：A positive attitude is the key to success。 【词根联想】 拉丁语aptitudo"合适，适应"（源自aptus"合适的"）→ 对事物的适应方式→ 态度。联想：apt"适合"→ apt（恰当的；聪明的）、attitude（态度→对事物的适应姿态）、aptitude（才能→天生的适合性）。记住：你对世界的适应姿势，就是attitude。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attitude还可指"（身体）姿态，姿势"，如He stood there in a threatening attitude（他摆出威胁的姿势站在那里）——此义较正式，阅读中按"态度"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our attitude towards the environment shapes every small choice we make, from the bags we carry to the lights we turn off."（我们对环境的态度塑造着我们做出的每一个小选择，从我们使用的袋子到我们关掉的灯。）（经典原句·attitude 态度） 【搭配词块】 attitude towards 对…的态度 / a positive attitude 积极的态度 / change one's attitude 改变态度 / take an attitude 采取态度 6. devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把…奉献给；把…专用于 【核心考点】 devote是人物与励志类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①devote oneself to sth./doing sth.（献身于，专心于）——devote oneself to teaching（献身教育）；②devote time/money/energy to sth.（把时间/金钱/精力用于）——devote two hours a day to practice（每天花两小时练习）；③be devoted to（专心于；深爱着）——She is devoted to her work。注意：devote后接to时to是介词，后接名词或动名词，这是语法填空易错点。派生词：devoted adj. 忠诚的；devotion n. 奉献，热爱。辨析：devote（全心全意投入）vs dedicate（正式，献身/题献）vs commit（承诺投入）。 【词根联想】 de-（加强语气）+ vot（拉丁语vovere"发誓"）+ -e→ 郑重发誓献出→ 奉献。联想：vot"发誓"→ devote（发誓献出→奉献）、vote（投票→发誓表态）、vow（誓约）、devoted（忠诚的）、devotion（献身）。记住：郑重许下誓言，把一切交给它。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：devoted还可表示"忠诚的，挚爱的"，如a devoted fan（忠实的粉丝）、a devoted mother（慈爱的母亲）——形容词义在人物类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The volunteers devote every weekend to cleaning the beach and recording the numbers of seabirds that return each spring."（志愿者们把每个周末都奉献给清理海滩、记录每年春天归来的海鸟数量。）（经典原句·devote 奉献；专用于） 【搭配词块】 devote oneself to 献身于 / devote time to sth. 把时间用于 / be devoted to 专心于 / devotion n. 奉献 7. affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭 【核心考点】 affect是说明文与议论文最高频的动词之一。用法要点：①影响——affect the environment/health（影响环境/健康）、be affected by（受…影响）；②感动——be deeply affected by（被…深深打动）；③（疾病）侵袭——The disease affects the lungs（这种病侵袭肺部）。辨析是高考经典考点：affect（动词"影响"）vs effect（名词"影响"；作动词表"实现"）vs influence（动词/名词，潜移默化的影响）vs impact（名词/动词，强烈影响）。派生词：affected adj. 受影响的；effect n. 影响→ have an effect on（对…有影响）。 【词根联想】 af-（=ad-，向，to）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做，制作"）→ 对…起作用→ 影响。联想：fect"做"→ affect（对…起作用→影响）、effect（影响；效果→做出来的结果）、infect（感染→从外面做进去）、perfect（完美的→做彻底的）。记住：af + fect = 作用到 = 影响。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：affect还可表示"（疾病）侵袭，感染"，如The virus affects the nervous system（这种病毒侵袭神经系统）。此义在医学与科普类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Climate change affects every corner of the planet, yet its most severe effects often fall on the communities that have done the least to cause it."（气候变化影响着地球的每一个角落，然而它最严重的影响往往落在那些造成气候变化最少的社区头上。）（经典原句·affect 影响） 【搭配词块】 be affected by 受…影响 / affect the environment 影响环境 / have an effect on 对…有影响 / effect n. 影响 8. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用，采取；收养；正式通过 【核心考点】 adopt是阅读与语法填空的高频动词。用法要点：①采用，采取——adopt a strategy/method/approach（采取策略/方法/方式）；②收养——adopt a child（收养孩子）；③正式通过（决议、规定等）——adopt a resolution/rule（通过决议/规定）。派生词：adoption n. 采用；收养；adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的。辨析是高考经典考点：adopt（主动采纳、收养）vs adapt（使适应；改编）vs adjust（调整，微调）——adopt/adapt/adjust三词拼写相近、含义各异，务必分清。 【词根联想】 ad-（向，to）+ opt（拉丁语optare"选择"）→ 选择…为己有→ 采用；收养。联想：opt"选择"→ adopt（选择为己有→采用）、option（选择）、optional（可选的）、optimist（乐观者→选择最好角度看）。记住：ad + opt = 选过来 = 采纳。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adopt还可表示"（正式）通过（议案、建议等）"，如The plan was adopted unanimously（该计划获得一致通过）。此义在政治与会议类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To protect the local wildlife, the town adopted a new rule that bans all single-use plastic in its parks and markets."（为了保护当地野生动物，该镇通过了一项新规，禁止在其公园和市场使用一次性塑料。）（经典原句·adopt 采用；通过） 【搭配词块】 adopt a strategy 采取策略 / adopt a child 收养孩子 / adopt a rule 通过一项规定 / adoption n. 采用 9. release /rɪˈliːs/ vt. 释放；发布；排放 n. 释放；发行 【核心考点】 release是科技与环保类说明文的高频动词。用法要点：①释放（人或动物）——release the birds into the wild（把鸟放归野外）；②排放（气体、污染物）——release carbon dioxide（排放二氧化碳）；③发布（新片、新书等）——release a new film（发行新片）；④松开，放开——release the button（松开按钮）。名词义：the release of（…的释放/排放/发布）。辨析：release（释放/发布，强调"放出去"）vs publish（出版，发布书面内容）vs issue（发行，正式发布）vs emit（排放，气体/光）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lease（拉丁语laxare"放松"）→ 放松送回→ 释放。联想：lax"松"→ release（松开→释放）、relax（放松→再次松开）、lax（松懈的）、lease（租约→放松给他人使用）。记住：re + lease = 松开手 = 释放。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：release作名词还可指"（新电影、唱片、书籍的）发行，发布"，如the latest release（最新发行的作品）、a press release（新闻稿）。此义在娱乐与新闻类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Factories that release large amounts of smoke into the air are now required by law to install special cleaning equipment."（法律现在要求向空气中排放大量烟雾的工厂安装专门的净化设备。）（经典原句·release 排放；释放） 【搭配词块】 release carbon dioxide 排放二氧化碳 / release a film 发行电影 / the release of 释放… / a press release 新闻稿 10. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 【核心考点】 severe是新闻与科普类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①（程度）严重的——severe damage（严重损害）、severe weather（恶劣天气）、a severe illness（重病）、severe drought（严重干旱）；②（态度）严厉的——be severe with sb.（对某人严厉）；③（疼痛、气候）剧烈的——severe pain（剧痛）。副词severely（严重地）。辨析：severe（程度重，正式）vs serious（严重的，最常用）vs strict（严格的，指纪律）vs harsh（严酷的，苛刻的）。写作金句：The typhoon caused severe damage to the coastal villages。 【词根联想】 拉丁语severus"严肃的，严格的"（se-“分开”+ verus“真实”→严肃认真）→ 严重的；严厉的。联想：ver"真"→ severe（严肃认真→严重的）、verity（真实）、verify（核实→使真实）、verdict（裁决→说真话）。记住：severe源自"严肃认真"，程度都往重里走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：severe还可表示"（风格）朴素的，不加装饰的"，如severe beauty（质朴的美）——此义较生僻，阅读中按"严重的"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After the severe drought of last summer, the farmers had to change their crops and accept a much smaller harvest."（去年夏天严重干旱之后，农民们不得不更换作物并接受大幅减产的现实。）（经典原句·severe 严重的） 【搭配词块】 severe damage 严重损害 / severe weather 恶劣天气 / be severe with 对…严厉 / severely adv. 严重地 11. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 运动，活动；战役 vi. 参加运动 【核心考点】 campaign是新闻与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①（有组织的）运动、活动——an environmental campaign（环保运动）、launch a campaign（发起运动）、a campaign against/for（反对/支持…的运动）；②战役（军事义）。动词义：campaign for/against（为…/反对…开展运动）。辨析：campaign（有明确目标、持续一定时间的运动）vs movement（广泛的社会运动）vs activity（一般性活动）vs project（项目）。写作金句：The school launched a campaign to save water。 【词根联想】 拉丁语campus"平地，战场"→ 意大利语campagna"旷野，战场"→ 在一地展开的军事行动→ 战役；运动。联想：camp（营地）、campus（校园→原义"平地"）、champion（冠军→战场上胜出者）、campaign（战役→运动）。记住：在战场上展开的行动，延伸到社会就是"运动"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：campaign作动词表示"参加（或发起）运动，游说"，如They are campaigning for clean water（他们正在为清洁用水而奔走）。此义在新闻语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The local school launched a campaign to reduce plastic waste, and within a month every classroom had a recycling box at the door."（当地学校发起了一场减少塑料垃圾的活动，一个月内每个教室门口都有了回收箱。）（经典原句·campaign 运动；活动） 【搭配词块】 launch a campaign 发起运动 / an environmental campaign 环保运动 / campaign for 为…奔走 / a campaign against 反对…的运动 12. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献，捐助；促成；投稿 【核心考点】 contribute是议论文与写作的高频动词。用法要点：①contribute to（促成，有助于）——Exercise contributes to good health（锻炼有助于健康）；②contribute sth. to（把…贡献给/捐助给）——contribute money to charity（向慈善机构捐款）；③投稿——contribute an article to the magazine（向杂志投稿）。派生词：contribution n. 贡献→ make a contribution to（对…做出贡献）；contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人。注意：contribute to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。辨析：contribute（促成/贡献）vs donate（捐赠实物/金钱）vs devote（奉献时间/精力）vs give（给予，最普通）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ tribute（拉丁语tribuere"分配，给予"）→ 共同拿出分给众人→ 贡献；捐助。联想：tribute"给予"→ contribute（共同给予→贡献）、attribute（归因→把…分配给）、distribute（分发→分开给予）、tribute（贡品；颂词）。记住：con + tribute = 一起给出 = 贡献。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contribute还可表示"（在某种程度上）造成，是…的原因之一"，如Several factors contributed to the accident（几个因素共同导致了这起事故）。此义在新闻报道中高频，与cause不同，强调"部分原因"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Everyone can contribute to protecting the ocean, whether by picking up litter on the beach or simply choosing fish that is caught sustainably."（每个人都能为保护海洋做出贡献，无论是在海滩上捡拾垃圾，还是只选择以可持续方式捕捞的鱼。）（经典原句·contribute 贡献；促成） 【搭配词块】 contribute to 有助于；促成 / make a contribution to 对…做出贡献 / contribute money to 向…捐款 / contribution n. 贡献 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 extinction extinct (adj.) extinguish (v.) extinctive (adj.) face extinction / go extinct restore restoration (n.) restored (adj.) restorative (adj.) restore confidence / ecological restoration reduce reduction (n.) reduced (adj.) reducing (v.) reduce waste / a reduction in sustainable sustain (v.) sustainability (n.) sustainably (adv.) sustainable development / sustain growth attitude attitudes (n.pl.) attitudinal (adj.) --- attitude towards / a positive attitude devote devotion (n.) devoted (adj.) devotee (n.) devote oneself to / be devoted to affect effect (n.) affected (adj.) affecting (adj.) be affected by / have an effect on adopt adoption (n.) adopted (adj.) adoptive (adj.) adopt a strategy / adopt a child release released (v.) releasing (v.) release (n.) release into the wild / the release of severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- severe damage / be severe with campaign campaigner (n.) campaigning (n.) campaigned (v.) launch a campaign / campaign for contribute contribution (n.) contributor (n.) contributory (adj.) contribute to / make a contribution to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go ____________ (extinction), researchers have collected billions of records. 2.（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Help ____________ (restoring) and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up to ____________ (reducing) loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 4.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Cycling is the most economical, ____________ (sustainability) and fun way to explore the city. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Sharks may look frightening, but their ____________ (extinct) would break the balance of the whole ocean. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）The volunteers ____________ (devoting) every weekend to cleaning the beach and recording the seabirds. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Pollution ____________ (affect) the health of the sea more severely than most people realise. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The town ____________ (adopting) a new rule that bans all single-use plastic in its parks and markets. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）In spring, the centre ____________ (release) fifty injured seabirds back into the wild. 10.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）After the ____________ (severity) drought of last summer, the farmers had to change their crops. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The school launched a ____________ (campaigning) to reduce plastic waste in every classroom. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）Everyone can ____________ (contribution) to protecting the ocean, even in a small way. 13.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The young scientist was completely ____________ (devote) to the cause of saving endangered fish. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The new law requires factories to ____________ (releasing) fewer harmful gases into the air. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The volunteers made a great ____________ (contributing) to the success of the beach clean-up. 【答案】 1. extinct 2. restore 3. reduce 4. sustainable 5. extinction 6. devote 7. affects 8. adopted 9. released 10. severe 11. campaign 12. contribute 13. devoted 14. release 15. contribution 【逐题解析】 1. extinct — 提示词extinction为名词，go extinct为固定搭配，空处须用形容词。 2. restore — 提示词restoring为动名词，Help后接动词原形，restore and protect并列。 3. reduce — 提示词reducing为动名词，to do表目的，空处须用动词原形。 4. sustainable — 提示词sustainability为名词，与economical/fun并列修饰way须用形容词。 5. extinction — 提示词extinct为形容词，物主代词their后须接名词形式。 6. devote — 提示词devoting为动名词，主语volunteers复数，一般现在时用动词原形。 7. affects — 提示词affect为动词原形，主语Pollution不可数，一般现在时用第三人称单数。 8. adopted — 提示词adopting为动名词，主语the town与adopt为主动关系，时态用一般过去时。 9. released — 提示词release为动词原形，句意描述过去事件，用一般过去时released。 10. severe — 提示词severity为名词，修饰drought须用形容词severe作前置定语。 11. campaign — 提示词campaigning为动名词，不定冠词a后须接名词单数campaign。 12. contribute — 提示词contribution为名词，情态动词can后须接动词原形，contribute to为固定搭配。 13. devoted — 提示词devote为动词原形，be devoted to为固定搭配，意为"献身于"。 14. release — 提示词releasing为动名词，require sb. to do中to后须接动词原形。 15. contribution — 提示词contributing为动名词，形容词great后须接名词，make a contribution to为固定搭配。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 鲨鱼可能看起来很吓人，但它们的____________（灭绝）会打破整个海洋的平衡。每年有数百万条鲨鱼因为鱼翅而被捕杀，这____________（影响）着海洋的健康。 科学家们正努力____________（恢复）鲨鱼种群，学校也在教导孩子们对自然采取更____________（可持续的）态度——一种珍视每一个生命的态度。 上个月，我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的____________（运动）。志愿者们把周末____________（奉献）给清理海滩、清点幼鱼。我们还____________（认养）了港口附近的一小片礁区。 志愿者们把受伤的海龟____________（放归）回大海，并把自己的零花钱____________（贡献）给购买能让小鱼逃脱的新渔网。____________（严重的）海洋污染问题正在一点点改变。 【答案】 extinction; affects; restore; sustainable; attitude; campaign; devote; adopted; release; contribute; severe Part 7 关联阅读 Few people would disagree that the ocean needs our help, yet the problems facing it are severe and growing fast. Overfishing has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, and plastic waste affects even the deepest waters, where it takes hundreds of years to break down. Scientists warn that if we do not act now, the damage will be almost impossible to repair. The good news is that more and more communities are changing their attitude towards the sea, and small projects are beginning to restore the health of coastal areas, one beach and one reef at a time. Every small step truly counts, however slow it may seem at the beginning. One such project is run by a group of young volunteers in a fishing town. Every Saturday, they devote the whole morning to collecting rubbish from the beach and sorting it for recycling, and they keep a careful record of everything they find. Last year, the town adopted a simple but effective rule: shopkeepers who sell drinks must charge a small fee for plastic bottles, and the money goes towards buying stronger nets that let young fish escape. The volunteers also release injured seabirds that have been treated at a local wildlife centre, after first checking that the birds are strong enough to feed themselves. It is not always easy work, but the volunteers say the smiles of the children who join them make every early morning worthwhile. The results have been very encouraging. In just two years, the beach has become noticeably cleaner, and the number of seabirds returning to nest has risen sharply. The young volunteers also campaign in local schools, telling younger students how they can reduce their own waste and contribute to a healthier planet. They show the children how to sort rubbish at home and why it matters to choose products that are easy to reuse. As one of them said, “A sustainable future is not something we wait for — it is something we build, one small action at a time.” 1. Why does the writer say the problems facing the ocean are severe? A. The ocean is too deep for divers to explore. B. Some species face extinction and plastic harms the sea. C. There are too many fishing boats on the coast. D. Scientists have stopped studying the sea. 2. What do the young volunteers do every Saturday? A. They teach children to swim in the sea. B. They sell drinks in the local shops. C. They collect and sort rubbish from the beach. D. They take photos of the seabirds. 3. How does the town pay for stronger fishing nets? A. The volunteers sell the fish they catch. B. The government gives it special money. C. Visitors pay to watch the seabirds. D. Shops charge a small fee for plastic bottles. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The project has achieved real results and is growing. B. Young volunteers are too busy to help. C. Sustainable development is impossible. D. The beach will never be clean again. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段第二、三句给出明确信息——"Overfishing has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, and plastic waste affects even the deepest waters"，过度捕捞使一些物种濒临灭绝，塑料垃圾甚至影响着最深的海域，这正是海洋问题严重的原因，与B项Some species face extinction and plastic harms the sea对应，故选B。A、D两项文中未提及；C项"渔船太多"只是表层现象，非作者指出的核心原因。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段明确写道"they devote the whole morning to collecting rubbish from the beach and sorting it for recycling"，志愿者们每个周六的上午都用来收集海滩垃圾并分类回收，与C项They collect and sort rubbish from the beach吻合，故选C。A项"教孩子游泳"、B项"在商店卖饮料"、D项"给海鸟拍照"均与原文不符。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段中间是解题句——"shopkeepers who sell drinks must charge a small fee for plastic bottles, and the money goes towards buying stronger nets"，卖饮料的店主须对塑料瓶收取小额费用，这笔钱用于购买更结实的渔网，与D项Shops charge a small fee for plastic bottles一致，故选D。A项"卖鱼筹资"、B项"政府拨款"、C项"游客观鸟付费"文中均未提及。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：末段先写成果——"the beach has become noticeably cleaner, and the number of seabirds returning to nest has risen sharply"，随后写志愿活动走进校园、影响扩大，最后引用志愿者的话点明主旨：可持续的未来要靠一点一滴的行动去建设。整体呈现"成效显著、影响扩大"的积极态势，与A项The project has achieved real results and is growing吻合，故选A。B、D两项与原文积极基调相反；C项"可持续发展不可能"与主旨直接矛盾。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：extinction, restore, reduce, sustainable, attitude, devote, affect, adopt, release, severe, campaign, contribute Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Many species are dying out because of hunting and pollution. → Many species are facing ____________ because of hunting and pollution. 2. Scientists are trying to bring back the damaged coral reef. → Scientists are trying to ____________ the damaged coral reef. 3. We should cut down the use of plastic bags in our daily life. → We should ____________ the use of plastic bags in our daily life. 4. We need a green way of living that can last for a long time. → We need a ____________ way of living that can last for a long time. 5. People's view towards nature is changing for the better. → People's ____________ towards nature is changing for the better. 6. She gives all her free time to the ocean protection project. → She ____________ all her free time to the ocean protection project. 7. Pollution influences the health of the sea more than we think. → Pollution ____________ the health of the sea more than we think. 8. The city has taken up a new recycling system this year. → The city has ____________ a new recycling system this year. 9. The centre set the treated birds free into the wild in spring. → The centre ____________ the treated birds into the wild in spring. 10. The drought caused serious damage to the farmers' crops. → The drought caused ____________ damage to the farmers' crops. 11. The school joined the anti-plastic activity last month. → The school joined the anti-plastic ____________ last month. 12. Everyone should give to environmental protection in their own way. → Everyone should ____________ to environmental protection in their own way. 【答案】 1. extinction 2. restore 3. reduce 4. sustainable 5. attitude 6. devotes 7. affects 8. adopted 9. released 10. severe 11. campaign 12. contribute Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：extinction → affects → restore → sustainable → attitude → campaign → devote → adopted → release → contribute 复述模板（填空）： 鲨鱼的____________（灭绝）会打破海洋的平衡，捕杀____________（影响）着海洋的健康；科学家正努力____________（恢复）鲨鱼种群，学校教导孩子们____________（可持续的）的____________（态度）。 我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的____________（运动），志愿者们把周末____________（奉献）给清理海滩；我们还____________（认养）了港口附近的一小片礁区。 志愿者们把受伤的海龟____________（放归）回大海，把自己的零花钱____________（贡献）给购买新渔网；____________（严重的）海洋污染问题正在一点点改变。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：extinction; affects; restore; sustainable; attitude; campaign; devote; adopted; release; contribute; severe 复述模板参考版本： The extinction of sharks would break the balance of the ocean, and overfishing affects the health of the sea. Scientists are working hard to restore shark populations, while schools teach children a more sustainable attitude towards nature. Our school joined a campaign to protect marine life, and volunteers devote their weekends to cleaning the beach. We adopted a small reef area near the harbour, and the volunteers release injured turtles back into the sea and contribute their pocket money to buying better nets. The severe pollution problem is changing little by little. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：extinction / restore / reduce / sustainable / attitude / devote / affect / adopt / release / severe / campaign / contribute （知识点来源：必修二 Unit 6 · Earth first + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Sharks may look frightening, but their extinction would break the balance of the whole ocean. Every year, millions of sharks are killed for their fins, and this affects the health of the sea far more severely than most people realise. Scientists are now working hard to restore shark populations, while schools teach children a more sustainable attitude towards nature — one that values every creature, however sharp its teeth. Last month, our school joined a local campaign to protect marine life. Volunteers devote their weekends to cleaning beaches and counting young fish. We adopted a small reef area near the harbour and promised to look after it for a whole year. The volunteers also release injured turtles back into the sea and contribute part of their pocket money to buying new nets that let small fish escape. In just one season, the change was already clearly visible. 【中文译文】 鲨鱼可能看起来很吓人，但它们的灭绝（extinction）会打破整个海洋的平衡。每年有数百万条鲨鱼因为鱼翅而被捕杀，这对海洋健康的影响（affect）远比大多数人意识到的严重。科学家们正努力恢复（restore）鲨鱼种群，学校也在教导孩子们对自然采取更可持续的（sustainable）态度（attitude）——一种珍视每一个生命的态度，无论它的牙齿有多锋利。 上个月，我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的运动（campaign）。志愿者们把周末奉献（devote）给清理海滩、清点幼鱼。我们认养（adopt）了港口附近的一小片礁区，并承诺照看它一整年。志愿者们还把受伤的海龟放归（release）大海，并把自己的一部分零花钱贡献（contribute）给购买能让小鱼逃脱的新渔网。仅仅一个季节，变化就已经清晰可见。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：鲨鱼灭绝会打破海洋平衡→捕杀影响海洋健康→科学家努力恢复种群→教导可持续的态度→学校加入保护运动→志愿者奉献周末→认养一片礁区→把受伤海龟放归大海→贡献零花钱购买新渔网→一个季节后变化清晰可见 记忆链：extinction → affects → restore → sustainable → attitude → campaign → devote → adopted → release → contribute Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种；消亡 ⚡考点：face extinction 面临灭绝；on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝；go extinct 灭绝；extinct adj. 灭绝的 2 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还 ⚡考点：restore confidence 恢复信心；restore an old building 修复古建筑；restoration n. 修复；恢复 3 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少，缩小；降低 ⚡考点：reduce waste 减少浪费；reduce A to/by B 减少到/减少B；reduction n. 减少 4 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 ⚡考点：sustainable development 可持续发展；sustainable energy 可持续能源；sustain vt. 维持；sustainability n. 可持续性 5 attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度，看法；姿态 ⚡考点：attitude to/towards 对…的态度；a positive attitude 积极态度；change one's attitude 改变态度 6 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把…奉献给；把…专用于 ⚡考点：devote oneself to 献身于；devote time to sth. 把时间用于；be devoted to 专心于；devotion n. 奉献 7 affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭 ⚡考点：be affected by 受…影响；affect the environment 影响环境；辨析affect（动）vs effect（名） 8 adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用，采取；收养；正式通过 ⚡考点：adopt a strategy 采取策略；adopt a child 收养孩子；adopt a rule 通过规定；辨析adopt/adapt/adjust 9 release /rɪˈliːs/ vt. 释放；发布；排放 n. 释放；发行 ⚡考点：release carbon dioxide 排放二氧化碳；release a film 发行影片；the release of …的释放 10 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 ⚡考点：severe damage 严重损害；severe weather 恶劣天气；be severe with 对…严厉；severely adv. 严重地 11 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 运动，活动；战役 vi. 参加运动 ⚡考点：launch a campaign 发起运动；an environmental campaign 环保运动；campaign for/against 为/反对…奔走 12 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献，捐助；促成；投稿 ⚡考点：contribute to 有助于；促成；make a contribution to 对…做贡献；contribute money to 捐款 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种；消亡 【核心考点】 extinction是环保类语篇的核心名词，本单元Earth first的主题词。用法要点：①（物种的）灭绝——the extinction of species（物种灭绝）、face extinction（面临灭绝）、be on the verge of extinction（濒临灭绝）、be in danger of extinction（有灭绝危险）；②抽象义"（某种事物、习俗的）消亡"。派生词是语法填空高频考点：extinct adj. 灭绝的→ an extinct species（已灭绝的物种）、go extinct（灭绝）；extinguish v. 扑灭；使消亡→ extinguish a fire（灭火）。辨析：extinction（物种整体灭绝）vs disappearance（消失，不一定灭绝）vs dying out（逐渐消亡）。 【词根联想】 ex-（=out，向外）+ stinct（拉丁语stinguere"刺；熄灭"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 被熄灭、被终止→ 灭绝。联想：stinct"熄灭"→ extinct（灭绝的）、extinguish（扑灭）、distinguish（区分→分开刺→分辨）、instinct（本能→内在的推动）。记住：生命之火被吹灭，就是extinction。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·extinct 形容词形式作表语）"In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records."（在为地球上的物种灭绝前留下记录的竞赛中，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。）（真题原句·extinction 灭绝） 【搭配词块】 face extinction 面临灭绝 / on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝 / go extinct 灭绝 / extinct adj. 灭绝的 2. restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还 【核心考点】 restore是环保与修复类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①恢复（健康、秩序、信心等）——restore confidence/order（恢复信心/秩序）；②修复（建筑、文物等）——restore the old temple（修复古庙）；③归还——restore sth. to sb.（把…归还给某人）。派生词：restoration n. 修复；恢复→ ecological restoration（生态修复）、Habitat Restoration Team（栖息地修复队）；restorative adj. 恢复健康的。辨析：restore（恢复到原来的状态，含"修复、复原"之义）vs recover（恢复健康；找回）vs repair（修理，功能修复）vs rebuild（重建）。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，again）+ store（拉丁语staurare"建立，放置"）→ 重新建立起来→ 恢复；修复。联想：store"建立"→ restore（重新建立→恢复）、restaurant（餐馆→为恢复体力提供食物的地方）、instore（店内的）。记住：re + store = 重新立起来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restore还可表示"（把失去或拿走的东西）归还"，如The stolen painting was restored to its owner（被盗的画已归还主人）。此义在法律与新闻类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·restore/restoring 原词及派生形式）"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge."（帮助修复和保护从马林海岬到博利纳斯岭的马林自然区域。）"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys."（栖息地修复队的志愿者在修复敏感资源、保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。）（真题原句·restore 修复；恢复） 【搭配词块】 restore confidence 恢复信心 / restore an old building 修复古建筑 / ecological restoration 生态修复 / be restored to 被归还给 3. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少，缩小；降低 【核心考点】 reduce是环保与经济类语篇最高频的动词之一，本单元环保主题的核心词。用法要点：①reduce sth.（减少某物）——reduce waste（减少浪费）、reduce the amount of（减少…的数量）；②reduce A to B（把A减少到B）——reduce the price to 100 yuan（把价格降到100元）；③reduce A by B（减少B数量）——reduce costs by 20%（成本降低20%）。派生词：reduction n. 减少→ a reduction in/of（…的减少）；reduced adj. 减少的。辨析：reduce（数量/程度上的减少）vs decrease（逐渐减少）vs decline（下降，多指数字/质量）vs lower（降低高度/程度）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，向后）+ duc（拉丁语ducere"引导"）+ -e→ 向后引导、带回→ 减少。联想：duc"引导"→ reduce（往回带→减少）、produce（生产→向前带出）、introduce（介绍→带入）、conduct（引导；指挥→共同带）、educate（教育→引导出来）。记住：re + duc = 往回带 = 减少。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reduce还可表示"（使）沦落，迫使处于（较差境地）"，常用be reduced to doing sth.（沦落到做某事），如He was reduced to begging in the street（他沦落到街头乞讨）。此义在小说与新闻语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·reduce 动词原形作目的状语）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构思发起，旨在减少孤独感、改善老年人的身心健康。）（真题原句·reduce 减少） 【搭配词块】 reduce waste 减少浪费 / reduce the amount of 减少…的数量 / a reduction in 在…方面的减少 / reduce costs 降低成本 4. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 【核心考点】 sustainable是环保类语篇的标志性形容词，本单元Earth first的主题词。用法要点：①可持续的——sustainable development（可持续发展）、sustainable energy（可持续能源）；②（资源）可维持的、合理利用的——sustainable farming（可持续农业）、sustainable fishing（可持续捕捞）。派生词：sustain vt. 维持；支撑→ sustain economic growth（维持经济增长）；sustainability n. 可持续性；sustainably adv. 可持续地。辨析：sustainable（可长期维持的）vs renewable（可再生的，指能源）vs stable（稳定的）vs durable（耐用的）。写作金句：Sustainable development means meeting our needs without harming future generations。 【词根联想】 sus-（=sub-，在下面，up）+ tain（拉丁语tenere"保持，握持"）+ -able（形容词后缀，表"可…的"）→ 能从下面托住、保持下去的→ 可持续的。联想：tain"握持"→ sustain（维持→在下面托住）、maintain（维护；保养→用手握住）、contain（包含→握住）、obtain（获得→抓到手）、retain（保留→重新握住）。记住：sus + tain + able = 能托住保持的。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·sustainable 形容词作表语）"Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights."（骑自行车是游览这座城市最经济、最可持续也最有趣的方式——这座城市有美丽的运河、公园、广场和数不清的灯火。）（真题原句·sustainable 可持续的） 【搭配词块】 sustainable development 可持续发展 / sustainable energy 可持续能源 / sustainability n. 可持续性 / sustain vt. 维持 5. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度，看法；姿态 【核心考点】 attitude是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①attitude to/towards（对…的态度）——What is your attitude towards it?（你对此持什么态度？）；②an attitude of mind（心态）；③a positive/negative attitude（积极/消极的态度）；④take/have/adopt an attitude（采取某种态度）。辨析：attitude（对某事的态度、看法）vs viewpoint（观点，立场）vs opinion（意见）vs approach（处理方式）。写作金句：A positive attitude is the key to success。 【词根联想】 拉丁语aptitudo"合适，适应"（源自aptus"合适的"）→ 对事物的适应方式→ 态度。联想：apt"适合"→ apt（恰当的；聪明的）、attitude（态度→对事物的适应姿态）、aptitude（才能→天生的适合性）。记住：你对世界的适应姿势，就是attitude。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attitude还可指"（身体）姿态，姿势"，如He stood there in a threatening attitude（他摆出威胁的姿势站在那里）——此义较正式，阅读中按"态度"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our attitude towards the environment shapes every small choice we make, from the bags we carry to the lights we turn off."（我们对环境的态度塑造着我们做出的每一个小选择，从我们使用的袋子到我们关掉的灯。）（经典原句·attitude 态度） 【搭配词块】 attitude towards 对…的态度 / a positive attitude 积极的态度 / change one's attitude 改变态度 / take an attitude 采取态度 6. devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把…奉献给；把…专用于 【核心考点】 devote是人物与励志类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①devote oneself to sth./doing sth.（献身于，专心于）——devote oneself to teaching（献身教育）；②devote time/money/energy to sth.（把时间/金钱/精力用于）——devote two hours a day to practice（每天花两小时练习）；③be devoted to（专心于；深爱着）——She is devoted to her work。注意：devote后接to时to是介词，后接名词或动名词，这是语法填空易错点。派生词：devoted adj. 忠诚的；devotion n. 奉献，热爱。辨析：devote（全心全意投入）vs dedicate（正式，献身/题献）vs commit（承诺投入）。 【词根联想】 de-（加强语气）+ vot（拉丁语vovere"发誓"）+ -e→ 郑重发誓献出→ 奉献。联想：vot"发誓"→ devote（发誓献出→奉献）、vote（投票→发誓表态）、vow（誓约）、devoted（忠诚的）、devotion（献身）。记住：郑重许下誓言，把一切交给它。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：devoted还可表示"忠诚的，挚爱的"，如a devoted fan（忠实的粉丝）、a devoted mother（慈爱的母亲）——形容词义在人物类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The volunteers devote every weekend to cleaning the beach and recording the numbers of seabirds that return each spring."（志愿者们把每个周末都奉献给清理海滩、记录每年春天归来的海鸟数量。）（经典原句·devote 奉献；专用于） 【搭配词块】 devote oneself to 献身于 / devote time to sth. 把时间用于 / be devoted to 专心于 / devotion n. 奉献 7. affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭 【核心考点】 affect是说明文与议论文最高频的动词之一。用法要点：①影响——affect the environment/health（影响环境/健康）、be affected by（受…影响）；②感动——be deeply affected by（被…深深打动）；③（疾病）侵袭——The disease affects the lungs（这种病侵袭肺部）。辨析是高考经典考点：affect（动词"影响"）vs effect（名词"影响"；作动词表"实现"）vs influence（动词/名词，潜移默化的影响）vs impact（名词/动词，强烈影响）。派生词：affected adj. 受影响的；effect n. 影响→ have an effect on（对…有影响）。 【词根联想】 af-（=ad-，向，to）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做，制作"）→ 对…起作用→ 影响。联想：fect"做"→ affect（对…起作用→影响）、effect（影响；效果→做出来的结果）、infect（感染→从外面做进去）、perfect（完美的→做彻底的）。记住：af + fect = 作用到 = 影响。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：affect还可表示"（疾病）侵袭，感染"，如The virus affects the nervous system（这种病毒侵袭神经系统）。此义在医学与科普类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Climate change affects every corner of the planet, yet its most severe effects often fall on the communities that have done the least to cause it."（气候变化影响着地球的每一个角落，然而它最严重的影响往往落在那些造成气候变化最少的社区头上。）（经典原句·affect 影响） 【搭配词块】 be affected by 受…影响 / affect the environment 影响环境 / have an effect on 对…有影响 / effect n. 影响 8. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用，采取；收养；正式通过 【核心考点】 adopt是阅读与语法填空的高频动词。用法要点：①采用，采取——adopt a strategy/method/approach（采取策略/方法/方式）；②收养——adopt a child（收养孩子）；③正式通过（决议、规定等）——adopt a resolution/rule（通过决议/规定）。派生词：adoption n. 采用；收养；adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的。辨析是高考经典考点：adopt（主动采纳、收养）vs adapt（使适应；改编）vs adjust（调整，微调）——adopt/adapt/adjust三词拼写相近、含义各异，务必分清。 【词根联想】 ad-（向，to）+ opt（拉丁语optare"选择"）→ 选择…为己有→ 采用；收养。联想：opt"选择"→ adopt（选择为己有→采用）、option（选择）、optional（可选的）、optimist（乐观者→选择最好角度看）。记住：ad + opt = 选过来 = 采纳。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adopt还可表示"（正式）通过（议案、建议等）"，如The plan was adopted unanimously（该计划获得一致通过）。此义在政治与会议类语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"To protect the local wildlife, the town adopted a new rule that bans all single-use plastic in its parks and markets."（为了保护当地野生动物，该镇通过了一项新规，禁止在其公园和市场使用一次性塑料。）（经典原句·adopt 采用；通过） 【搭配词块】 adopt a strategy 采取策略 / adopt a child 收养孩子 / adopt a rule 通过一项规定 / adoption n. 采用 9. release /rɪˈliːs/ vt. 释放；发布；排放 n. 释放；发行 【核心考点】 release是科技与环保类说明文的高频动词。用法要点：①释放（人或动物）——release the birds into the wild（把鸟放归野外）；②排放（气体、污染物）——release carbon dioxide（排放二氧化碳）；③发布（新片、新书等）——release a new film（发行新片）；④松开，放开——release the button（松开按钮）。名词义：the release of（…的释放/排放/发布）。辨析：release（释放/发布，强调"放出去"）vs publish（出版，发布书面内容）vs issue（发行，正式发布）vs emit（排放，气体/光）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ lease（拉丁语laxare"放松"）→ 放松送回→ 释放。联想：lax"松"→ release（松开→释放）、relax（放松→再次松开）、lax（松懈的）、lease（租约→放松给他人使用）。记住：re + lease = 松开手 = 释放。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：release作名词还可指"（新电影、唱片、书籍的）发行，发布"，如the latest release（最新发行的作品）、a press release（新闻稿）。此义在娱乐与新闻类语篇中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Factories that release large amounts of smoke into the air are now required by law to install special cleaning equipment."（法律现在要求向空气中排放大量烟雾的工厂安装专门的净化设备。）（经典原句·release 排放；释放） 【搭配词块】 release carbon dioxide 排放二氧化碳 / release a film 发行电影 / the release of 释放… / a press release 新闻稿 10. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 【核心考点】 severe是新闻与科普类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①（程度）严重的——severe damage（严重损害）、severe weather（恶劣天气）、a severe illness（重病）、severe drought（严重干旱）；②（态度）严厉的——be severe with sb.（对某人严厉）；③（疼痛、气候）剧烈的——severe pain（剧痛）。副词severely（严重地）。辨析：severe（程度重，正式）vs serious（严重的，最常用）vs strict（严格的，指纪律）vs harsh（严酷的，苛刻的）。写作金句：The typhoon caused severe damage to the coastal villages。 【词根联想】 拉丁语severus"严肃的，严格的"（se-“分开”+ verus“真实”→严肃认真）→ 严重的；严厉的。联想：ver"真"→ severe（严肃认真→严重的）、verity（真实）、verify（核实→使真实）、verdict（裁决→说真话）。记住：severe源自"严肃认真"，程度都往重里走。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：severe还可表示"（风格）朴素的，不加装饰的"，如severe beauty（质朴的美）——此义较生僻，阅读中按"严重的"理解为主。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After the severe drought of last summer, the farmers had to change their crops and accept a much smaller harvest."（去年夏天严重干旱之后，农民们不得不更换作物并接受大幅减产的现实。）（经典原句·severe 严重的） 【搭配词块】 severe damage 严重损害 / severe weather 恶劣天气 / be severe with 对…严厉 / severely adv. 严重地 11. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 运动，活动；战役 vi. 参加运动 【核心考点】 campaign是新闻与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①（有组织的）运动、活动——an environmental campaign（环保运动）、launch a campaign（发起运动）、a campaign against/for（反对/支持…的运动）；②战役（军事义）。动词义：campaign for/against（为…/反对…开展运动）。辨析：campaign（有明确目标、持续一定时间的运动）vs movement（广泛的社会运动）vs activity（一般性活动）vs project（项目）。写作金句：The school launched a campaign to save water。 【词根联想】 拉丁语campus"平地，战场"→ 意大利语campagna"旷野，战场"→ 在一地展开的军事行动→ 战役；运动。联想：camp（营地）、campus（校园→原义"平地"）、champion（冠军→战场上胜出者）、campaign（战役→运动）。记住：在战场上展开的行动，延伸到社会就是"运动"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：campaign作动词表示"参加（或发起）运动，游说"，如They are campaigning for clean water（他们正在为清洁用水而奔走）。此义在新闻语篇中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The local school launched a campaign to reduce plastic waste, and within a month every classroom had a recycling box at the door."（当地学校发起了一场减少塑料垃圾的活动，一个月内每个教室门口都有了回收箱。）（经典原句·campaign 运动；活动） 【搭配词块】 launch a campaign 发起运动 / an environmental campaign 环保运动 / campaign for 为…奔走 / a campaign against 反对…的运动 12. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献，捐助；促成；投稿 【核心考点】 contribute是议论文与写作的高频动词。用法要点：①contribute to（促成，有助于）——Exercise contributes to good health（锻炼有助于健康）；②contribute sth. to（把…贡献给/捐助给）——contribute money to charity（向慈善机构捐款）；③投稿——contribute an article to the magazine（向杂志投稿）。派生词：contribution n. 贡献→ make a contribution to（对…做出贡献）；contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人。注意：contribute to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。辨析：contribute（促成/贡献）vs donate（捐赠实物/金钱）vs devote（奉献时间/精力）vs give（给予，最普通）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ tribute（拉丁语tribuere"分配，给予"）→ 共同拿出分给众人→ 贡献；捐助。联想：tribute"给予"→ contribute（共同给予→贡献）、attribute（归因→把…分配给）、distribute（分发→分开给予）、tribute（贡品；颂词）。记住：con + tribute = 一起给出 = 贡献。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contribute还可表示"（在某种程度上）造成，是…的原因之一"，如Several factors contributed to the accident（几个因素共同导致了这起事故）。此义在新闻报道中高频，与cause不同，强调"部分原因"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Everyone can contribute to protecting the ocean, whether by picking up litter on the beach or simply choosing fish that is caught sustainably."（每个人都能为保护海洋做出贡献，无论是在海滩上捡拾垃圾，还是只选择以可持续方式捕捞的鱼。）（经典原句·contribute 贡献；促成） 【搭配词块】 contribute to 有助于；促成 / make a contribution to 对…做出贡献 / contribute money to 向…捐款 / contribution n. 贡献 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 extinction extinct (adj.) extinguish (v.) extinctive (adj.) face extinction / go extinct restore restoration (n.) restored (adj.) restorative (adj.) restore confidence / ecological restoration reduce reduction (n.) reduced (adj.) reducing (v.) reduce waste / a reduction in sustainable sustain (v.) sustainability (n.) sustainably (adv.) sustainable development / sustain growth attitude attitudes (n.pl.) attitudinal (adj.) --- attitude towards / a positive attitude devote devotion (n.) devoted (adj.) devotee (n.) devote oneself to / be devoted to affect effect (n.) affected (adj.) affecting (adj.) be affected by / have an effect on adopt adoption (n.) adopted (adj.) adoptive (adj.) adopt a strategy / adopt a child release released (v.) releasing (v.) release (n.) release into the wild / the release of severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- severe damage / be severe with campaign campaigner (n.) campaigning (n.) campaigned (v.) launch a campaign / campaign for contribute contribution (n.) contributor (n.) contributory (adj.) contribute to / make a contribution to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go ____________ (extinction), researchers have collected billions of records. 2.（2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Help ____________ (restoring) and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up to ____________ (reducing) loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 4.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）Cycling is the most economical, ____________ (sustainability) and fun way to explore the city. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Sharks may look frightening, but their ____________ (extinct) would break the balance of the whole ocean. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）The volunteers ____________ (devoting) every weekend to cleaning the beach and recording the seabirds. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Pollution ____________ (affect) the health of the sea more severely than most people realise. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The town ____________ (adopting) a new rule that bans all single-use plastic in its parks and markets. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）In spring, the centre ____________ (release) fifty injured seabirds back into the wild. 10.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）After the ____________ (severity) drought of last summer, the farmers had to change their crops. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The school launched a ____________ (campaigning) to reduce plastic waste in every classroom. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）Everyone can ____________ (contribution) to protecting the ocean, even in a small way. 13.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The young scientist was completely ____________ (devote) to the cause of saving endangered fish. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The new law requires factories to ____________ (releasing) fewer harmful gases into the air. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The volunteers made a great ____________ (contributing) to the success of the beach clean-up. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 鲨鱼可能看起来很吓人，但它们的____________（灭绝）会打破整个海洋的平衡。每年有数百万条鲨鱼因为鱼翅而被捕杀，这____________（影响）着海洋的健康。 科学家们正努力____________（恢复）鲨鱼种群，学校也在教导孩子们对自然采取更____________（可持续的）态度——一种珍视每一个生命的态度。 上个月，我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的____________（运动）。志愿者们把周末____________（奉献）给清理海滩、清点幼鱼。我们还____________（认养）了港口附近的一小片礁区。 志愿者们把受伤的海龟____________（放归）回大海，并把自己的零花钱____________（贡献）给购买能让小鱼逃脱的新渔网。____________（严重的）海洋污染问题正在一点点改变。 Part 7 关联阅读 Few people would disagree that the ocean needs our help, yet the problems facing it are severe and growing fast. Overfishing has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, and plastic waste affects even the deepest waters, where it takes hundreds of years to break down. Scientists warn that if we do not act now, the damage will be almost impossible to repair. The good news is that more and more communities are changing their attitude towards the sea, and small projects are beginning to restore the health of coastal areas, one beach and one reef at a time. Every small step truly counts, however slow it may seem at the beginning. One such project is run by a group of young volunteers in a fishing town. Every Saturday, they devote the whole morning to collecting rubbish from the beach and sorting it for recycling, and they keep a careful record of everything they find. Last year, the town adopted a simple but effective rule: shopkeepers who sell drinks must charge a small fee for plastic bottles, and the money goes towards buying stronger nets that let young fish escape. The volunteers also release injured seabirds that have been treated at a local wildlife centre, after first checking that the birds are strong enough to feed themselves. It is not always easy work, but the volunteers say the smiles of the children who join them make every early morning worthwhile. The results have been very encouraging. In just two years, the beach has become noticeably cleaner, and the number of seabirds returning to nest has risen sharply. The young volunteers also campaign in local schools, telling younger students how they can reduce their own waste and contribute to a healthier planet. They show the children how to sort rubbish at home and why it matters to choose products that are easy to reuse. As one of them said, “A sustainable future is not something we wait for — it is something we build, one small action at a time.” 1. Why does the writer say the problems facing the ocean are severe? A. The ocean is too deep for divers to explore. B. Some species face extinction and plastic harms the sea. C. There are too many fishing boats on the coast. D. Scientists have stopped studying the sea. 2. What do the young volunteers do every Saturday? A. They teach children to swim in the sea. B. They sell drinks in the local shops. C. They collect and sort rubbish from the beach. D. They take photos of the seabirds. 3. How does the town pay for stronger fishing nets? A. The volunteers sell the fish they catch. B. The government gives it special money. C. Visitors pay to watch the seabirds. D. Shops charge a small fee for plastic bottles. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The project has achieved real results and is growing. B. Young volunteers are too busy to help. C. Sustainable development is impossible. D. The beach will never be clean again. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：extinction, restore, reduce, sustainable, attitude, devote, affect, adopt, release, severe, campaign, contribute Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Many species are dying out because of hunting and pollution. → Many species are facing ____________ because of hunting and pollution. 2. Scientists are trying to bring back the damaged coral reef. → Scientists are trying to ____________ the damaged coral reef. 3. We should cut down the use of plastic bags in our daily life. → We should ____________ the use of plastic bags in our daily life. 4. We need a green way of living that can last for a long time. → We need a ____________ way of living that can last for a long time. 5. People's view towards nature is changing for the better. → People's ____________ towards nature is changing for the better. 6. She gives all her free time to the ocean protection project. → She ____________ all her free time to the ocean protection project. 7. Pollution influences the health of the sea more than we think. → Pollution ____________ the health of the sea more than we think. 8. The city has taken up a new recycling system this year. → The city has ____________ a new recycling system this year. 9. The centre set the treated birds free into the wild in spring. → The centre ____________ the treated birds into the wild in spring. 10. The drought caused serious damage to the farmers' crops. → The drought caused ____________ damage to the farmers' crops. 11. The school joined the anti-plastic activity last month. → The school joined the anti-plastic ____________ last month. 12. Everyone should give to environmental protection in their own way. → Everyone should ____________ to environmental protection in their own way. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：extinction → affects → restore → sustainable → attitude → campaign → devote → adopted → release → contribute 复述模板（填空）： 鲨鱼的____________（灭绝）会打破海洋的平衡，捕杀____________（影响）着海洋的健康；科学家正努力____________（恢复）鲨鱼种群，学校教导孩子们____________（可持续的）的____________（态度）。 我们学校加入了一场保护海洋生物的____________（运动），志愿者们把周末____________（奉献）给清理海滩；我们还____________（认养）了港口附近的一小片礁区。 志愿者们把受伤的海龟____________（放归）回大海，把自己的零花钱____________（贡献）给购买新渔网；____________（严重的）海洋污染问题正在一点点改变。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $