阅读理解综合训练02 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（综合训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦多文体整合与核心素养培育，通过应用文、记叙文及说明文组合，系统训练信息获取、逻辑推理及跨文化理解能力。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|1篇（3题）|图表分析、细节理解|以观星指南为载体，考查信息定位与步骤逻辑，提升语言能力| |记叙文|1篇（4题）|推理判断、主旨大意|通过旅行感悟，渗透文化意识，训练情感态度与价值观推断| |说明文|3篇（含7选5）|词义猜测、篇章结构|涵盖鸟类学歌、艺术观念演变及智慧培养，构建“现象-原理-应用”逻辑链，发展思维品质与学习能力|

阅读综合02 阅读理解+阅读7选5 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：50分） 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（1篇） 考查重点：阅读应用文（图表分析类；382词）、记叙文（旅行感悟；366词）、说明文（雄性红领带鹀重新学会歌曲；350词）、说明文（艺术观念的演变与发展；336词），阅读7选5说明文（如何变得更加智慧；306词）； 一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分） A A Step-by-Step Guide to Observing Variable Stars Variable stars are stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area. Step 1: Finding Variable Stars 1. Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. 2. Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). 3. Find some non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star, which should be of a similar brightness to your target star. 4. Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night. Step 2: Recording Your Observations 1. Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. 2. At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. 3. Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. 4. Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing. Step 3: Identifying the Types 1. Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. 2. If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its sub-type. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ● Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ● Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ● R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ● Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) 1．What can we conclude about star observation according to the text? A．Target stars should be chosen prior to guide stars. B．Proper use of flashlights requires no extra device. C．Drawing charts is intended to compare the target stars. D．Observing supernovae with the naked eye is impossible. 2．Which of the following charts best illustrates the change in brightness of a R Coronae Borealis star? A． B． C． D． 3．Which website section does the text probably come from? A．Space Travelling. B．Professional Career. C．Productive Hobbies. D．Daily Entertainment. B For fifteen years as a Toronto corporate lawyer, my life was measured in hours and deadlines. Efficiency was not just a habit; it was my identity. Then I joined a wilderness canoe (独木舟) trip in northern Quebec — a decision that would challenge everything I believed about time. Our guide, a Creek elder named Joseph, moved with a deliberateness that initially frustrated me. Each morning, he spent nearly an hour making tea, watching the lake, reading the sky. I calculated how much ground we could cover. Three days later, I finally asked why we couldn’t pack up faster. He looked at me with something between amusement and pity. “Where are you going that’s so important?” The question caught me off guard. I opened my mouth and realized I had nothing to say. A sudden emptiness washed over me, leaving me completely speechless. But his next words struck deeper. “My people have traveled these waters for thousands of years,” he said. “The ones who hurry make mistakes. They miss the signs. They tip their canoes in rapids they should have seen. The river doesn’t care how fast you want to go.” I brushed off his words as romantic wisdom until we ran a set of rapids. I was in the bow, paddling hard, focused on speed. Joseph called from the stern (船尾): “Slow down. Feel the water.” I turned a deaf ear to him. Moments later, we caught an edge I hadn’t noticed, and the canoe tipped, throwing us both into freezing water. As we dragged the canoe ashore, Joseph said nothing. His silence was more overwhelming than any lecture. That night, sitting by the fire, I began to understand. My whole life had been about conquering time. But here, speed had literally sunk me. I returned to Toronto with something fundamental shifted. When colleagues race through meetings, checking emails while pretending to listen, I find myself thinking of Joseph. The river still flows through me — a quiet reminder that some things cannot be rushed. The unhurried are not always slow; sometimes, they are simply wise enough to recognize what deserves their full attention. 4．What made the author speechless according to paragraph 3? A．His lack of communication skills. B．Joseph’s rude attitude towards him. C．Joseph’s simple but powerful question. D．His embarrassment at his impatience. 5．What do the underlined words “brushed off” mean in paragraph 4? A．Ignored. B．Rejected. C．Embraced. D．Doubted. 6．What does the author’s experience show? A．Speed itself is an obstacle to real success. B．Native wisdom offers answers to urban stress. C．True progress requires knowing what matters. D．Wilderness travel transforms anyone who tries it. 7．Which might be a suitable title for the text? A．A Wise Cree Guide B．A Canoe Adventure C．The Efficiency Trap D．The River’s Pace C Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century. Male chingolos learn their unique, two-second melody from adult males. “It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the bird’s way of saying, “This is me, and here I am.” However, urbanization and habitat loss have broken this learning chain, causing local song “dialects” to disappear. Driven by this problem, researchers took on a pioneering task: bringing back a song that had disappeared from the wild — known only from a musical record made in the 1960s — to a population of chingolos. Using physics-based modeling of the bird’s vocal tract (声道) , the team first created an accurate artificial version of the lost song. They then engineered this model into a physical device designed to broadcast the forgotten melody — a “robotic tutor.” This artificial song was introduced to the chingolos in the park during their critical learning period from October to February. The sessions took place during peak singing hours and were limited to a maximum of eight hours. There were random pauses (停顿) in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音) , which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. “This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. 8．Why did the researchers teach the birds the song? A．To save an endangered species. B．To study the birds’ brain structure. C．To develop new robotic devices. D．To preserve the birds’ cultural heritage. 9．What is a role of chingolos’ song? A．It keeps hunters away from them. B．It helps them adapt to urban growth. C．It functions as their social identity. D．It makes them remember their habitat. 10．What is the purpose of the random pauses? A．To protect the birds’ vocal tract. B．To test the birds’ reaction speed. C．To push the birds to catch the beat. D．To trick the birds into interaction. 11．What can we learn from chingolos’ learning results? A．The song has spread to other bird species. B．Their singing shows special vocal features. C．Their response to the song needs improving. D．The effectiveness depends on their population. D What is art? Cave paintings are often called the first art ever made. However, it’s possible the people who created the paintings thought of them as mysterious and powerful, quite different from art as we think of it today. In 13th-and 14th-century Europe, people usually thought of artists like workers or craftspeople because they used their hands to make things. It wasn’t until the 15th and 16th centuries, known as the Renaissance in Europe, that artists began to see themselves as creators, not just craftsmen. A big change happened in 1436 when a man named Leon Battista Alberti wrote a famous book called On Painting, which claimed that art was just as important as poetry and science. People started to think more about artists as special individuals. Art began to be divided into two groups. The first was called the “fine arts”, which included painting, sculpture and drawing. These were seen as more important because they expressed big ideas and emotions. The second group was called the “decorative arts”, like glass-making, wood-carving and book decorations. These were thought to be less important because they were more about looking nice or being useful. In the late 19th century, people started to like the decorative arts more, because artists wanted to focus on handmade things instead of factory-made items. But painting was still seen as an important kind of art. Then, in 1914, a French artist named Marcel Duchamp changed how people thought about art. He started using everyday objects and turning them into art just by choosing them and signing them. His most famous art was called Fountain—it was actually a type of toilet that he signed with a fake name, “R. Mutt”, and tried to put in an art show in New York in 1917. Duchamp said that picking an ordinary object and calling it art was enough to make it art, because the artist made the choice. Duchamp helped change art by showing that it isn’t just about painting or making statues—it’s also about ideas. 12．What was the significance of On Painting? A．It gave painting a new direction. B．It introduced a new form of poetry. C．It enhanced the status of artists. D．It made Battista Alberti well-known. 13．What happened in the late 19th century? A．The value of fine arts declined. B．The enthusiasm for painting faded. C．Factory-made items had no market. D．Decorative arts became fashionable. 14．Why was Fountain considered an art piece according to Duchamp? A．It was pretty and useful. B．It was a handmade object. C．It had an artistic appearance. D．It was chosen by the artist. 15．What is the text centered on? A．The thinking about art. B．The classification of artworks. C．The impact of masterpieces. D．The source of artist’s inspiration. 二、阅读填空（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） Growing up with fairy tales and fantasy movies, many of us associate wisdom with iconic characters like Gandalf (Lord of the Rings), Yoda (Star Wars), and Albus Dumbledore (Harry Potter). Yet wisdom is not just a quality of fictional heroes — we all possess bits of it, and developing it matters greatly. 16 Becoming wiser is a lifelong journey, not a destination. Here are practical strategies to help you grow. Try experiencing new opportunities. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone. This is the only way you will gain wisdom and become better. You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list. 17 Meet new people. 18 Limiting yourself to those who share your exact views may feel safe, but it holds back your growth. Engage with people who have different views, for exchanging ideas and learning from others’ experiences broadens your perspective and deepens your wisdom. 19 Develop a thirst for knowledge and learn something new every day. Don’t hesitate to search for answers when confused — whether it’s taking online courses, reading books, or listening to educational podcasts, these activities sharpen your critical-thinking skills, enabling you to tackle problems from multiple angles. Learn and grow from your mistakes. All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it. 20 Instead of blaming others or lingering on failures, ask: “What can I improve?” Reflecting on failures helps you avoid repeating them, as your past mistakes are often your best teachers. All in all, keep things balanced and never let go of your passions and values. With consistent efforts, your life will certainly change for the better. A．Expand your social circle. B．But how can you get wiser? C．Never back away from learning. D．But what makes fictional heroes so wise? E．Stay within your comfort zone for stability. F．Overly focusing on our shortcomings won’t get us anywhere. G．You can also change your routine and see where life takes you. 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读综合02 阅读理解+阅读7选5 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：50分） 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（1篇） 考查重点：阅读应用文（图表分析类；382词）、记叙文（旅行感悟；366词）、说明文（雄性红领带鹀重新学会歌曲；350词）、说明文（艺术观念的演变与发展；336词），阅读7选5说明文（如何变得更加智慧；306词）； 一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分） A A Step-by-Step Guide to Observing Variable Stars Variable stars are stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area. Step 1: Finding Variable Stars 1. Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. 2. Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). 3. Find some non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star, which should be of a similar brightness to your target star. 4. Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night. Step 2: Recording Your Observations 1. Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. 2. At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. 3. Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. 4. Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing. Step 3: Identifying the Types 1. Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. 2. If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its sub-type. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ● Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ● Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ● R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ● Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) 1．What can we conclude about star observation according to the text? A．Target stars should be chosen prior to guide stars. B．Proper use of flashlights requires no extra device. C．Drawing charts is intended to compare the target stars. D．Observing supernovae with the naked eye is impossible. 2．Which of the following charts best illustrates the change in brightness of a R Coronae Borealis star? A． B． C． D． 3．Which website section does the text probably come from? A．Space Travelling. B．Professional Career. C．Productive Hobbies. D．Daily Entertainment. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【解析】介绍业余天文爱好者观测变星的分步操作指南，并列举了四类变星的亮度变化特征。 1．细节理解题。根据“Step 1: Finding Variable Stars”中“2. Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). 3. Find some non - variable stars (guide stars) near your star, which should be of a similar brightness to your target star.(2. 确定你想要观测的变星（目标星）。3. 在你的目标星附近找到一些非变星（导星），它们的亮度应该与你的目标星相似)”可知，应先选择目标星，再找导星。 2．推理判断题。根据“R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up.(北冕座R型星大部分时间处于最大亮度。在不可预测的间隔时间里，其亮度会迅速下降，然后又回升)”可知，C选项的图表最能体现北冕座R型星的亮度变化特征。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area.(这类星体很值得观测，而这正是业余天文学能够在专业领域大放异彩、做出重要贡献的地方。)”可知，文章围绕观测变星这一业余爱好展开，详细介绍观测步骤等，属于富有成效的业余爱好范畴，所以这篇文章可能在富有成效的爱好这一板块中被找到。 B For fifteen years as a Toronto corporate lawyer, my life was measured in hours and deadlines. Efficiency was not just a habit; it was my identity. Then I joined a wilderness canoe (独木舟) trip in northern Quebec — a decision that would challenge everything I believed about time. Our guide, a Creek elder named Joseph, moved with a deliberateness that initially frustrated me. Each morning, he spent nearly an hour making tea, watching the lake, reading the sky. I calculated how much ground we could cover. Three days later, I finally asked why we couldn’t pack up faster. He looked at me with something between amusement and pity. “Where are you going that’s so important?” The question caught me off guard. I opened my mouth and realized I had nothing to say. A sudden emptiness washed over me, leaving me completely speechless. But his next words struck deeper. “My people have traveled these waters for thousands of years,” he said. “The ones who hurry make mistakes. They miss the signs. They tip their canoes in rapids they should have seen. The river doesn’t care how fast you want to go.” I brushed off his words as romantic wisdom until we ran a set of rapids. I was in the bow, paddling hard, focused on speed. Joseph called from the stern (船尾): “Slow down. Feel the water.” I turned a deaf ear to him. Moments later, we caught an edge I hadn’t noticed, and the canoe tipped, throwing us both into freezing water. As we dragged the canoe ashore, Joseph said nothing. His silence was more overwhelming than any lecture. That night, sitting by the fire, I began to understand. My whole life had been about conquering time. But here, speed had literally sunk me. I returned to Toronto with something fundamental shifted. When colleagues race through meetings, checking emails while pretending to listen, I find myself thinking of Joseph. The river still flows through me — a quiet reminder that some things cannot be rushed. The unhurried are not always slow; sometimes, they are simply wise enough to recognize what deserves their full attention. 4．What made the author speechless according to paragraph 3? A．His lack of communication skills. B．Joseph’s rude attitude towards him. C．Joseph’s simple but powerful question. D．His embarrassment at his impatience. 5．What do the underlined words “brushed off” mean in paragraph 4? A．Ignored. B．Rejected. C．Embraced. D．Doubted. 6．What does the author’s experience show? A．Speed itself is an obstacle to real success. B．Native wisdom offers answers to urban stress. C．True progress requires knowing what matters. D．Wilderness travel transforms anyone who tries it. 7．Which might be a suitable title for the text? A．A Wise Cree Guide B．A Canoe Adventure C．The Efficiency Trap D．The River’s Pace 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者经历独木舟之旅后，领悟到“不要一味求快，要顺应从容的节奏”的道理。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Where are you going that’s so important?” The question caught me off guard. I opened my mouth and realized I had nothing to say. A sudden emptiness washed over me, leaving me completely speechless.(“你要去的地方有什么特别的重要之处吗？”这个问题出乎我的意料。我张开嘴，却发现自己无话可说。一种突如其来的空虚感涌上心头，让我完全说不出话来)”可知，约瑟夫那简单却极具力量的问题让作者一下子说不出话来。故选C。 5．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文““The ones who hurry make mistakes. They miss the signs. They tip their canoes in rapids they should have seen. The river doesn’t care how fast you want to go.”(“那些行动匆忙的人往往会犯错。他们忽视了种种迹象。他们会在本应能预见的急流中把独木舟弄翻。河流可不在乎你想要以多快的速度前行。”)”及所在句“I brushed off his words as romantic wisdom until we ran a set of rapids.(起初，我对他的话_______，认为那是些浪漫的说辞，直到我们经过了一段急流区域，我才开始认真思考他的话)”可知，作者对约瑟夫刚开始说的话不以为然，划线词与ignored意思相近。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“I began to understand. My whole life had been about conquering time. But here, speed had literally sunk me.(我终于明白了。我的一生都在努力与时间赛跑。但在这里，速度却实实在在地将我击垮了)”及最后一段“The river still flows through me — a quiet reminder that some things cannot be rushed. The unhurried are not always slow; sometimes, they are simply wise enough to recognize what deserves their full attention.(那条河流依然在我心中流淌——它默默地提醒着我，有些事情是不能匆忙完成的。那些不慌不忙的人并不总是行动迟缓；有时，他们只是足够明智，能够意识到哪些事情值得他们全神贯注地去对待)”可知，作者在这次旅行中，感受到了自己一直重视的速度却将自己击垮，那些不慌不忙的人能够认识到哪些事情才是真正重要的，因此，作者的经历展示了“真正的进步需要明确知道什么才是重要的事情”。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Then I joined a wilderness canoe (独木舟) trip in northern Quebec — a decision that would challenge everything I believed about time.(随后，我参加了在魁北克北部进行的野外独木舟之旅——这个决定彻底改变了我对时间的认知)”及全文内容可知，本文围绕作者在河流独木舟旅行中获得的感悟展开：不要一味求快，要顺应从容的节奏；结尾也点明“The river still flows through me(河流始终在我心中提醒我这个道理)”，The River’s Pace（河流的节奏）既贯穿了旅行线索，也贴合核心主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。 C Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century. Male chingolos learn their unique, two-second melody from adult males. “It is a distinctive song — like a fingerprint, but learned,” says one of the researchers. “It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the bird’s way of saying, “This is me, and here I am.” However, urbanization and habitat loss have broken this learning chain, causing local song “dialects” to disappear. Driven by this problem, researchers took on a pioneering task: bringing back a song that had disappeared from the wild — known only from a musical record made in the 1960s — to a population of chingolos. Using physics-based modeling of the bird’s vocal tract (声道) , the team first created an accurate artificial version of the lost song. They then engineered this model into a physical device designed to broadcast the forgotten melody — a “robotic tutor.” This artificial song was introduced to the chingolos in the park during their critical learning period from October to February. The sessions took place during peak singing hours and were limited to a maximum of eight hours. There were random pauses (停顿) in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. The results were impressive. Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音) , which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. “This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity,” says another researcher. The team is now developing AI systems to automatically identify individual bird songs and planning to study cultural spread in bird populations to ensure that bird culture is not lost again. 8．Why did the researchers teach the birds the song? A．To save an endangered species. B．To study the birds’ brain structure. C．To develop new robotic devices. D．To preserve the birds’ cultural heritage. 9．What is a role of chingolos’ song? A．It keeps hunters away from them. B．It helps them adapt to urban growth. C．It functions as their social identity. D．It makes them remember their habitat. 10．What is the purpose of the random pauses? A．To protect the birds’ vocal tract. B．To test the birds’ reaction speed. C．To push the birds to catch the beat. D．To trick the birds into interaction. 11．What can we learn from chingolos’ learning results? A．The song has spread to other bird species. B．Their singing shows special vocal features. C．Their response to the song needs improving. D．The effectiveness depends on their population. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的研究人员成功利用机器人导师，让一种南美小鸟——雄性红领带鹀重新学会了一首曾是该物种文化一部分，但已消失半个多世纪的歌曲，以及研究过程、结果和意义。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires have successfully used a robotic tutor to teach the male chingolo, a kind of small bird in South America, a song that was once part of the species’ culture but had been lost for more than half a century.(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的研究人员已成功使用机器人导师，教南美一种小型鸟类 —— 雄性红领带鹀 学习一首曾属于该物种文化、但已消失半个多世纪的鸣唱)”以及最后一段“This is about preserving not just genetic, but cultural biodiversity (这不仅是为了保护遗传多样性，也是为了保护文化多样性)”可知，研究人员教鸟儿这首歌是为了保护鸟类的文化遗产。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“It serves to attract females and protect territory. It is the bird’s way of saying, “This is me, and here I am.” (它用来吸引雌鸟和保护领地。这是鸟儿表达“这就是我，我就在这里”的方式。)”可知，红领带鹀的歌声是它们的社会身份标识。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“There were random pauses (停顿) in between so that the birds interpreted the playback from the three devices placed in the area as a real exchange, as if these devices were responding to each other. This stimulated the birds’ vocal responses. (中间有随机停顿，这样鸟儿就会把放置在该区域的三个设备播放的声音当作真实的交流，就好像这些设备在互相回应一样。这刺激了鸟类的发声反应。)”可知，随机停顿的目的是诱使鸟儿进行互动。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Young chingolos learned and adopted the song, though they added their own population’s “accent” to the final trill (颤音) , which showed that their singing is shaped by learned behaviors and inborn characteristics. (年轻的红领带鹀学习并采用了这首歌，尽管它们在最后的颤音中加入了自己种群的“口音”，这表明它们的歌声是由习得行为和先天特征共同塑造的。)”可知，从红领带鹀的学习结果中我们可以了解到它们的歌声表现出特殊的发声特征。故选B项。 D What is art? Cave paintings are often called the first art ever made. However, it’s possible the people who created the paintings thought of them as mysterious and powerful, quite different from art as we think of it today. In 13th-and 14th-century Europe, people usually thought of artists like workers or craftspeople because they used their hands to make things. It wasn’t until the 15th and 16th centuries, known as the Renaissance in Europe, that artists began to see themselves as creators, not just craftsmen. A big change happened in 1436 when a man named Leon Battista Alberti wrote a famous book called On Painting, which claimed that art was just as important as poetry and science. People started to think more about artists as special individuals. Art began to be divided into two groups. The first was called the “fine arts”, which included painting, sculpture and drawing. These were seen as more important because they expressed big ideas and emotions. The second group was called the “decorative arts”, like glass-making, wood-carving and book decorations. These were thought to be less important because they were more about looking nice or being useful. In the late 19th century, people started to like the decorative arts more, because artists wanted to focus on handmade things instead of factory-made items. But painting was still seen as an important kind of art. Then, in 1914, a French artist named Marcel Duchamp changed how people thought about art. He started using everyday objects and turning them into art just by choosing them and signing them. His most famous art was called Fountain—it was actually a type of toilet that he signed with a fake name, “R. Mutt”, and tried to put in an art show in New York in 1917. Duchamp said that picking an ordinary object and calling it art was enough to make it art, because the artist made the choice. Duchamp helped change art by showing that it isn’t just about painting or making statues—it’s also about ideas. 12．What was the significance of On Painting? A．It gave painting a new direction. B．It introduced a new form of poetry. C．It enhanced the status of artists. D．It made Battista Alberti well-known. 13．What happened in the late 19th century? A．The value of fine arts declined. B．The enthusiasm for painting faded. C．Factory-made items had no market. D．Decorative arts became fashionable. 14．Why was Fountain considered an art piece according to Duchamp? A．It was pretty and useful. B．It was a handmade object. C．It had an artistic appearance. D．It was chosen by the artist. 15．What is the text centered on? A．The thinking about art. B．The classification of artworks. C．The impact of masterpieces. D．The source of artist’s inspiration. 【答案】12．C 13．D 14．D 15．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是艺术观念的演变与发展，核心围绕人们对“艺术是什么”这一问题的思考和认知变化展开。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“People started to think more about artists as special individuals.(人们开始更多地将艺术家视为具有独特个性的个体。)”可知，《论绘画》这部作品提升了艺术家的地位。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the late 19th century, people started to like the decorative arts more, because artists wanted to focus on handmade things instead of factory-made items.(在 19 世纪末期，人们开始更青睐装饰艺术，因为艺术家们希望将精力集中在手工制品上，而非工厂生产的物品上。)”可知，19 世纪末装饰艺术变得流行起来。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Duchamp said that picking an ordinary object and calling it art was enough to make it art, because the artist made the choice.(Duchamp说，选取一件普通物品并将其视为艺术品就已经足以使其成为艺术品，因为这是艺术家的选择。)”可知，根据Duchamp的观点，Fountain会被视为一件艺术品是因为它是由艺术家精心挑选的。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In 13th-and 14th-century Europe, people usually thought of artists like workers or craftspeople because they used their hands to make things. It wasn’t until the 15th and 16th centuries, known as the Renaissance in Europe, that artists began to see themselves as creators, not just craftsmen.(在 13 世纪和 14 世纪的欧洲，人们通常认为艺术家就像工人或工匠那样，因为他们是通过双手来制作物品的。直到 15 世纪和 16 世纪（即欧洲的文艺复兴时期），艺术家们才开始将自己视为创造者，而不仅仅是工匠。)”，第三段“Art began to be divided into two groups.(艺术开始被分为两个类别。)”和倒数第二段“In the late 19th century, people started to like the decorative arts more, because artists wanted to focus on handmade things instead of factory-made items.(在 19 世纪末期，人们开始更青睐装饰艺术，因为艺术家们希望将精力集中在手工制品上，而非工厂生产的物品上。)”可知，本文主要讲的是艺术观念的演变与发展，核心围绕人们对“艺术是什么”这一问题的思考和认知变化展开，因此这篇文章的中心内容是关于艺术的思考。故选A。 二、阅读填空（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） Growing up with fairy tales and fantasy movies, many of us associate wisdom with iconic characters like Gandalf (Lord of the Rings), Yoda (Star Wars), and Albus Dumbledore (Harry Potter). Yet wisdom is not just a quality of fictional heroes — we all possess bits of it, and developing it matters greatly. 16 Becoming wiser is a lifelong journey, not a destination. Here are practical strategies to help you grow. Try experiencing new opportunities. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone. This is the only way you will gain wisdom and become better. You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list. 17 Meet new people. 18 Limiting yourself to those who share your exact views may feel safe, but it holds back your growth. Engage with people who have different views, for exchanging ideas and learning from others’ experiences broadens your perspective and deepens your wisdom. 19 Develop a thirst for knowledge and learn something new every day. Don’t hesitate to search for answers when confused — whether it’s taking online courses, reading books, or listening to educational podcasts, these activities sharpen your critical-thinking skills, enabling you to tackle problems from multiple angles. Learn and grow from your mistakes. All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it. 20 Instead of blaming others or lingering on failures, ask: “What can I improve?” Reflecting on failures helps you avoid repeating them, as your past mistakes are often your best teachers. All in all, keep things balanced and never let go of your passions and values. With consistent efforts, your life will certainly change for the better. A．Expand your social circle. B．But how can you get wiser? C．Never back away from learning. D．But what makes fictional heroes so wise? E．Stay within your comfort zone for stability. F．Overly focusing on our shortcomings won’t get us anywhere. G．You can also change your routine and see where life takes you. 【答案】16．B 17．G 18．A 19．C 20．F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕如何变得更加智慧这一主题，提出了几种实用策略，包括尝试新体验、结识新朋友、持续学习以及从错误中成长。 16．上文“Yet wisdom is not just a quality of fictional heroes — we all possess bits of it, and developing it matters greatly. (然而，智慧不仅仅是虚构英雄的品质——我们都拥有一些智慧，并且培养它非常重要。)”指出了智慧对每个人的重要性。B选项“But how can you get wiser? (但你如何才能变得更智慧呢?)”承接上文，以问句形式自然引出对具体方法的探讨。下文“Here are practical strategies to help you grow. (以下是一些实用策略，可以帮助你成长。)”则直接回应这一问题，介绍了具体建议，形成“提出问题—给出方法”的逻辑链条。故选B项。 17．上文“Try experiencing new opportunities. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone. This is the only way you will gain wisdom and become better. You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list. (尝试体验新机会。你永远无法从舒适区中获得成长。这是你获得智慧、变得更好的唯一途径。你可以尝试学习从未想过要学的新技能，或者去那些在你心愿清单上的地方。)”围绕小标题“尝试新机会”展开，列举了学习新技能、去新地方等具体做法。G选项“You can also change your routine and see where life takes you. (你也可以改变你的日常惯例，看看生活会把你带向何方。)”承接上文，用“also”补充了另一种尝试新机会的方式——改变日常习惯，使建议更加丰富多样。故选G项。 18．下文“Limiting yourself to those who share your exact views may feel safe, but it holds back your growth. Engage with people who have different views, for exchanging ideas and learning from others’ experiences broadens your perspective and deepens your wisdom.  (把自己局限于那些与你观点完全相同的人可能会让你感到安全，但这会阻碍你的成长。与持有不同观点的人交往，因为交流思想、学习他人的经验能拓宽你的视野，深化你的智慧。)”整段都在阐述与不同观点的人交往的重要性，并指出局限于同类人群的弊端。A选项“Expand your social circle. (扩大你的社交圈。)”作为本段小标题，精准概括了下文的核心建议——突破现有社交圈，接触不同的人。故选A项。 19．下文“Develop a thirst for knowledge and learn something new every day. Don’t hesitate to search for answers when confused — whether it’s taking online courses, reading books, or listening to educational podcasts, these activities sharpen your critical-thinking skills, enabling you to tackle problems from multiple angles. (培养对知识的渴望，每天学习新东西。困惑时不要犹豫去寻找答案——无论是参加在线课程、阅读书籍还是收听教育类播客，这些活动都能磨练你的批判性思维技能，使你能够从多个角度处理问题)。”整段都在阐述持续学习、获取知识对培养智慧的重要性及具体方式。C选项“Never back away from learning. (永远不要逃避学习。)”作为本段小标题，精准概括了下文的核心内容，即坚持学习、不回避求知。故选C项。 20．上文“All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it. (我们所有人一生中都会犯错，但正是对错误的承认让我们成长，并在下次做得更好。每当我们犯错时，我们都应该从中学习。)”强调了承认错误并从中学习的重要性。F选项“Overly focusing on our shortcomings won’t get us anywhere. (过度关注我们的缺点不会让我们有任何进步。)”承接上文，指出了错误应对方式的危害——过度聚焦缺点无益。下文“Instead of blaming others or lingering on failures, ask: “What can I improve?” Reflecting on failures helps you avoid repeating them, as your past mistakes are often your best teachers. (不要指责他人或沉溺于失败，而应自问：“我能改进什么?”反思失败有助于你避免重蹈覆辙，因为你过去的错误往往是你最好的老师。)”则给出了正确的反思方法，形成“错误应对—正确方法”的逻辑呼应。故选F项。 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $