专题04 阅读理解——普通说明文（阅读C篇）（专项训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读核心能力，通过基础-重难-真题三级训练，系统覆盖细节理解、推理判断等高频考点，以情境化语篇培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|7篇（含预测文章走势等7类考点）|单考点聚焦，如“写作态度”“主旨大意”|从基础题型到综合理解，构建“识别-分析-概括”逻辑链| |重难·创新演练|5篇（含无人机造林等新情境）|跨考点融合，结合科技/生态等前沿主题|通过复杂语篇深化推理与批判性思维，衔接高考创新题型| |真题·实战演练|6篇（2020-2024年高考真题）|高考原题再现，覆盖课标卷核心考点|还原命题规律，强化考点迁移与应试策略|

专题04 阅读理解——普通说明文（阅读C篇） 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：说明文中的细节理解，推理判断，作者的观点和态度，写作目的，写作手法，推测文章走势，主旨大意 说明文专项训练 1.考查预测文章走势 1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测） The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day — and 22 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms. According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University. The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard” to civil infrastructure in cities with softer ground — especially those near water — Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change. Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own. But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. 1．What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”? A．They only exist in the United States. B．They can damage the ground around. C．They can develop underground structures. D．They have no impact on the surrounding environment. 2．Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3? A．To discuss structural issues. B．To categorize climate change. C．To explain underground heat. D．To emphasize the neglected reality. 3．What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows? A．The cost of maintaining structures. B．The future of tunnels and basements. C．The reusing approaches of heat energy. D．The evolution of underground environment. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Urban Silent Islands in the Making B．A Silver Lining of Global Warming C．A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago D．Warming Underground, Weakening Surface 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【解析】文章主要讲述城市地下累积热量引发地面形变、威胁市政设施，同时这种余热具备回收利用的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract enough to cause potential damage.(这种温度变化会让周边土壤发生胀缩，进而产生潜在的破坏作用。)”可知，城市热岛会对周边地层造成损坏。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard” to civil infrastructure...There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize.(发表在《通信工程》期刊上的这些研究结果揭示了一项针对民用基础设施的“无声隐患”……地下气候变化早已引发建筑结构问题，我们却一直没有察觉)”可知，作者提出“无声隐患”，是为了强调该地下升温带来的危害长期被人们忽视的客观事实。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat.(受访的其他研究人员表示这些废弃热量可以被回收利用，既能降低地下温度又能节约能耗，可改造地铁、地下室设施来回收热量)”推测，下一段最有可能具体介绍热能回收的方式方法。 4．主旨大意题。文章先介绍城市热岛不仅存在于地表，地下也会形成高温区域；再说明地下热量造成土体胀缩、损毁建筑设施，是被人们忽视的隐患；最后提出地下余热能够回收再利用。D选项“地下升温，地表受损”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。 2.（2026·河南濮阳市第一高级中学检测）Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate calculations for the predicted earthquakes. The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of upcoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth. This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earthquakes coming,” explains Alexandros, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (Tex Net). “It’s a matter of life and death, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help reduce economic and human losses and has the potential to significantly improve earthquake preparation worldwide.” While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. Therefore, the next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau Tex Net has 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes. Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This way could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director. 1．How does the AI forecast earthquakes? A．By identifying data from the satellites. B．By analyzing background sounds in the Earth. C．By modeling data based on earthquake recordings D．By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. 2．What does Alexandros intend to show in paragraph 3? A．The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B．The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C．The significance of developing the AI prediction. D．The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction. 3．What does the follow-up research focus on? A．Conducting tests in the location of Texas. B．Building more earthquake stations in Texas. C．Train the AI calculation accuracy. D．Applying the AI approach to other fields. 4．Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology? A．Stable but outdated. B．Effective but costly. C．Potential and economical. D．Advanced and promising. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】文章介绍了一款人工智能算法可提前一周预测七成地震，该技术意义重大，研究团队下一步将在得州开展试验，未来还计划结合物理模型完善这套预测系统。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of upcoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth.(完成训练后，这款人工智能通过在地底背景隆隆声中捕捉地震前兆来做出预测。)”可知，人工智能通过分析地球内部的背景声响预测地震。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help reduce economic and human losses and has the potential to significantly improve earthquake preparation worldwide.(即便准确率仅有七成，这也是一项重大成果，能够帮助减少经济损失和人员伤亡，还有潜力大幅提升全球的防震准备工作。)”可知，亚历山卓的这段话重在说明这套人工智能预测系统的重大价值与意义。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore, the next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau Tex Net has 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.(因此，下一步研究工作将在得克萨斯州测试这套人工智能，得州大学地震监测网络拥有300个地震监测站和六年多连续监测数据，是开展试验的理想地点。)”可知，后续研究重点是在得克萨斯地区开展测试。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible.(人工智能在地震预测领域展现出良好前景，颠覆了长久以来人们认为地震无法预测的固有认知。)”以及第三段“This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction.(这项研究无疑是人工智能地震预测领域的里程碑。)”可知，a milestone代表技术先进，show promise代表前景可观，因此这项预测技术先进且富有发展潜力。 3.（2026·浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟）When people “choke under pressure,” it’s often at times when success could result in a big payoff - maybe they’re an athlete at a championship match or an actor performing for a famous director. Now, a study in monkeys helped reveal why. The study involved three monkeys completing tasks to get a reward - in this case, water to drink. The task was a test of speed and accuracy, in which the monkeys were trained to reach for a target on a screen. The monkeys had to wait for a cue to begin reaching and then hold that position for a time. The color of the cue corresponded with the size of their potential reward for doing so accurately, from small to big. The monkeys performed their best when the prize was a medium to large volume of water. But when they could win an unusually large prize, they underperformed, or choked under pressure. “They were too slow,” said first study author Adam Smoulder. “It was as if they were worried about missing the target and focusing so much on what they were doing that they’d run out of time.” During the experiment, the scientists tracked the activity of the monkeys’ brains and found these performance issues caused by the promise of a big prize arose from impaired (受损的) motor preparation. Motor preparation, in which the brain prepares to make a motion, like reaching with a hand, mainly takes place in parts of the brain that have an “optimal (最佳的) zone”. The new study shows that the size of a reward determines whether the brain reaches this optimal zone. The presence of a reward pushes the brain toward this optimal place, but when the reward gets too large, it goes beyond it. The researchers now hope to explore whether they could help bring about these “optimal” brain patterns to help someone perform at their best. “We would love to understand how we can make psychological training a little bit more formal and repeatable,” Adam said. 1．How could the monkeys know the size of the reward? A．By observing the color of the cue. B．By touching the screen to get a cue. C．By looking at the amount of water given. D．By measuring the time of holding the target. 2．Why did the monkeys perform poorly in the high-reward situation? A．They were too cautious to take action. B．They were too excited to stay focused. C．They were too confused to make choices. D．They were too stressed to identify the color. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The brain. B．The reward. C．The optimal zone. D．The prepared motion. 4．What will the researchers do next? A．Confirm their research findings. B．Explore different brain patterns. C．Find ways to unlock people’s potential. D．Optimize psychological training methods. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍的是一项关于猴子在压力下发表现的研究，揭示了人们在高压下表现失常的神经机制。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The color of the cue corresponded with the size of their potential reward for doing so accurately, from small to big. (提示的颜色与他们准确完成任务所获得的潜在奖励大小相对应，从小到大。)”可知，猴子通过观察提示的颜色来判断奖励的大小。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But when they could win an unusually large prize, they underperformed, or choked under pressure.(但是，当他们有机会赢得异常丰厚的奖品时，表现反而欠佳，或者说在压力下发挥失常。)”和第三段““They were too slow,” said first study author Adam Smoulder. “It was as if they were worried about missing the target and focusing so much on what they were doing that they’d run out of time.”(“它们太慢了，”研究的第一作者亚当·斯莫尔德说。“就好像它们担心错过目标，过于专注于自己正在做的事情，以至于时间耗尽了。”)”可知，猴子在高奖励情况下表现不佳是因为它们过于谨慎而不敢采取行动。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Motor preparation, in which the brain prepares to make a motion, like reaching with a hand, mainly takes place in parts of the brain that have an “optimal (最佳的) zone”. The new study shows that the size of a reward determines whether the brain reaches this optimal zone. The presence of a reward pushes the brain toward this optimal place, but when the reward gets too large, it goes beyond it. (运动准备，即大脑准备做出动作，如伸手，主要发生在大脑具有“最佳区域”的部分。新研究表明，奖励的大小决定了大脑是否达到这个最佳区域。奖励的存在将大脑推向这个最佳位置，但当奖励过大时，它就超越了it。)”可知，it指代的是前文提到的optimal zone。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers now hope to explore whether they could help bring about these “optimal” brain patterns to help someone perform at their best. “We would love to understand how we can make psychological training a little bit more formal and repeatable,” Adam said. (研究人员现在希望探索他们是否能帮助产生这些“最佳”大脑模式，以帮助某人发挥最佳表现。“我们很想了解如何让心理训练更加正式和可重复，”亚当说。)”可知，研究人员接下来将优化心理训练方法。 2.考查写作态度 1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, was more than 120 years ago, in the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, often occur as a moment of insight, which typically involves quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, simplifying learning approaches or avoiding digital distractions, can increase the number of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those signals with the ballooning use of technology, stuffing every moment with an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale (尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5 insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Contributive to measuring and improving individual and organizational performance, the Scale can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth. For organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. It’s indeed essential to make space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 1．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Exploding. C．Shifting. D．Collapsing. 2．According to the passage, how can the amount of insights be increased? A．By making due pauses in your work schedule. B．By consuming boundless social media content. C．By avoiding distracting quiet signals in your brain. D．By adopting additional training and coaching approaches. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. C．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. D．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Optimistic. C．Tolerant. D．Dissatisfied. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文主要讲述信息爆炸并未带来对等创新，介绍了顿悟产生的条件、尤里卡量表的作用以及打造适宜环境催生高质量顿悟的必要性。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so.(信息时代正在飞速激增，甚至呈现bulging。如果你想要下载如今所有可获取的数据，需要耗费1.8亿多年的时间。)”可知，信息时代正在飞速激增，所以bulging表示迅速增长，与Exploding（激增、爆发）同义。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, simplifying learning approaches or avoiding digital distractions, can increase the number of insights.(任何能够帮助我们捕捉大脑安静信号的事情，例如会议间隙休息、简化学习方式、远离电子干扰，都能够增加顿悟的产生次数。)”可知在工作安排中适当休息可以提升顿悟数量。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, simplifying learning approaches or avoiding digital distractions, can increase the number of insights.(任何能够帮助我们捕捉大脑安静信号的事情，例如会议间隙休息、简化学习方式、远离电子干扰，都能够增加顿悟的产生次数。)”可知，第二段讲述如何提升顿悟数量，以及根据第三段“Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them(除此之外，我们还希望提升这些顿悟想法的质量)”说明我们同样需要提升顿悟质量，二者缺一不可，对创新而言都十分关键。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, was more than 120 years ago(但如果你认为海量信息能够催生与数据产出量相匹配的创新增幅，那这种想法便是错误的。事实上，人类上一次迎来大规模创新爆发期，已是一百二十多年前的事了)”以及第二段“However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those signals with the ballooning use of technology, stuffing every moment with an endless supply of content.(然而，随着科技应用飞速泛滥，源源不断的资讯内容挤占了我们所有时间，想要捕捉到这些大脑的信号已然愈发困难)”可知，作者表明海量信息并未催生对应创新，科技泛滥的当下很难产生顿悟，可见作者对当下的创新环境是不满的。 2.（2026·湖北十堰市郧阳中学月考）Deep beneath the forest floor, a silent conversation is taking place, hidden from the human eye. While trees may seem like isolated individuals competing for sunlight, recent scientific research confirms they are actually connected through a complex underground network of fungi (真菌). This biological infrastructure, often nicknamed the “Wood Wide Web,” allows trees to share vital nutrients and, more surprisingly, warn each other of upcoming environmental threats. Ecologist Dr. Elena Rose has spent decades studying how older, larger trees — often referred to as “Mother Trees” — act as centre for this network. These magnificent elders possess the most extensive root systems, which allow them to connect to hundreds of younger trees. Through these fungal links, Mother Trees can identify their own family and provide them with a little extra sugar or nitrogen to increase their chances of survival in the shaded understory. However, their role goes far beyond simple feeding. When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals, effectively preparing themselves for a battle they haven’ t yet seen. This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood. Unfortunately, this ancient communication system is being disrupted by human activity. Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress. It’s like a city losing its main power station; without the centre, the entire grid suffers. Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.” 1．How do “Mother Trees” help younger trees according to the text? A．By providing them with shade from the sun. B．By transmitting warning signals about threats. C．By blocking pests from reaching the saplings. D．By competing for more sunlight and space. 2．What is the author’s attitude toward the collective defense mechanism of forests? A．Doubtful B．Unconcerned C．Admiring D．Disappointed 3．What can we infer about modern logging practices from paragraph 4? A．They focus on planting more young saplings. B．They help strengthen the underground fungal network. C．They may unintentionally weaken the forest’s health. D．They are becoming more environmentally friendly. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the different species of fungi in forests. B．To complain about the slow growth of young trees. C．To encourage the use of wood in modern construction. D．To emphasize the value of tree networks in conservation. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】主要介绍森林地下真菌网络“树木万维网”，母树的作用、人类砍伐对森林的破坏及森林保护新思路。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals.(当一棵母树遭受损伤，或是遭到饥食害虫侵袭时，它会通过地下真菌网络向邻近树木快速传递化学信号。周边树木收到信号后，会立刻大量合成防御性化学物质以自保。)”可知母树会向幼树传递危险预警信号。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood.(这种集体防御机制表明，森林更像一个完整、聪慧的生命体，而非一堆孤立树木。)”作者用intelligent organism这类褒义表述形容森林协同防御体系，可见作者对此持赞赏态度。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress.(现代伐木作业往往优先砍伐这类高大老树，只为获取优质木材，却并未意识到此举会对整片森林的整体生存造成毁灭性影响。一旦母树被砍伐，幼树便会失去互联依托，抵御病害与突发环境胁迫的能力大幅下降。)”可推出现代伐木会在无意间损害森林健康。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.”.(人们逐渐意识到这类地下菌丝网络的重要性，全球生态保护工作的重心也随之发生转变。过去环保人士只是一味大规模栽种新树苗，这种造林方式往往树苗存活率极低；如今他们转而倡导保护成熟完整的森林生态系统。罗斯博士解释道：“森林是一个依靠信息互通、彼此依存建立起来的共生社群。倘若我们想要守护这颗星球的肺，就必须守护维系整个森林群落的老树。”)”，全文围绕树木地下互联网络展开，目的是强调该网络对森林保护的重要价值。 3.考查主旨大意 1.（2026·广东省佛山市荣山中学月考）New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient. Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Ability to apply new technologies. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Speed of learning new languages. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who often uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．What does the underlined word “assimilate” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Rely on. B．Take in. C．Benefit from. D．Learn about. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? B．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? D．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了科技商数（TQ）的概念、现实应用场景，阐述了在科技无处不在的新时代，TQ正逐步和IQ、EQ结合，成为影响人们生活、工作与学习的重要能力指标。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(想象一下，这就像一种超能力，能让你轻松理解那些曾被我们的曾祖父母觉得根本不可能实现的最新科技。拥有高TQ意味着你特别擅长使用那些尚未为大众所知的酷炫新事物。)”以及第三段内容“TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations.(科技商数（TQ）旨在量化我们合理运用现有技术，以及快速适应、接纳并利用未来创新成果的能力。)”可知，拥有TQ的人能轻松理解并擅长使用新事物，这样的人能快速适应，接纳并利用未来创新成果，即TQ指的是运用新技术的能力。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan.(对于临床工作者而言，它可能是人工智能辅助CT扫描分析的相关应用。)”可知，借助人工智能辅助分析CT扫描的医生符合高TQ的特征。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段内容画线单词所在句“The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future.(随着我们快速走向未来，孩子和老师理解、接纳并assimilate技术的能力将是他们生活的一个决定性方面。)”可知，“understand (理解)”“embrace (接纳)”与“assimilate”为并列关系；结合语境和常识可推知，对于新技术的学习和使用过程应是“理解→接纳→吸收、内化运用”；故猜测“assimilate”应表示“吸收、掌握”，选项B“take in”有“吸收、理解”之意，与之意思相近。 4．主旨大意题。文章第二段内容“Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient.(有些人特别擅长使用各种层出不穷的酷炫新工具，他们有一种叫做“技术智商”（TQ）的能力。)”提出了文章的核心话题“技术商数（TQ）”，同时通过阅读文章内容可知，文章围绕TQ的定义、现实价值展开，介绍了TQ作为和IQ、EQ并列的新能力指标的重要性，核心是阐释TQ成为新的智力衡量维度的原因。C项“What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?(为何科技商数（TQ）会成为一种新型智力衡量指标？)”贴合主题。 2.（2026·广东名校联盟质量水平测试）A newly engineered molecule acts like a “rechargeable” solar heat battery, storing sunlight and releasing it on demand. Solar energy has one persistent weakness: it disappears at sunset. Finding a reliable way to store that energy for later use remains one of the biggest obstacles to expanding renewable power. A research team at UC Santa Barbara may have found an unexpected workaround. Instead of relying on conventional batteries, they created a small organic molecule that captures sunlight, locks that energy into its structure, and releases it later as heat. To understand the idea, Nguyen points to a familiar example. “Think of photochromic sunglasses (光致变色太阳镜). When you’re inside, they’re just clear lenses. You walk out into the sun, and they darken on their own. Come back inside, and the lenses become clear again,” Nguyen said. “That kind of reversible change is what we’re interested in. Only instead of changing color, we want to use the same idea to store energy, release it when we need it, and then reuse the material over and over.” To build this molecule, the researchers turned to DNA for inspiration. The pyrimidone structure (嘧啶酮结构) resembles a DNA component that can reversibly change its form when exposed to UV light. By creating a synthetic version, the team designed a molecule capable of repeatedly storing and releasing energy. They worked with Ken Houk, a distinguished research professor at UCLA, using computational modeling to understand how the molecule can hold energy while remaining stable for years. “We prioritized a lightweight, compact molecule design,” Nguyen said. “For this project, we cut everything we didn’t need. Anything that was unnecessary, we removed to make the molecule as compact as possible.”Unlike solar panels that generate electricity, this system stores solar energy in chemical form. The molecule behaves like a coiled spring. When exposed to sunlight, it shifts into a strained, high energy configuration. It remains in that state until triggered by heat or a catalyst, which allows it to return to its original form and release the stored energy as heat. “We typically describe it as a rechargeable solar battery,” Nguyen said. “It stores sunlight, and it can be recharged.” The critical breakthrough for Han’s group was translating high energy density into a tangible result. In the study, the researchers demonstrated that the heat released from the material was intense enough to boil water — a feat previously difficult to achieve in this field. 1．What is the key solution to solar energy’s biggest limitation? A．Using conventional batteries to store solar power B．Applying the new organic molecule to store heat C．Saving sunlight for nighttime electricity production D．Updating solar devices to generate power nonstop 2．Why did the researchers simplify and compact the structure of the molecule? A．To copy the basic form of natural human DNA B．To guarantee its high energy density for boiling water C．To improve its practical performance in real-life application D．To prevent it from changing forms under strong sunlight 3．Which diagram best shows the molecule’s energy storage and release process? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．An Innovative Molecule: Rechargeable Solar Heat Storage B．Daily Applications of Advanced DNA Technology C．Comparison Between Solar Panels and New Batteries D．Simple Methods to Produce Boiling Water 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】文章主要讲述新型有机分子可储存太阳能并按需释放热量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead of relying on conventional batteries, they created a small organic molecule that captures sunlight, locks that energy into its structure, and releases it later as heat.(他们没有依靠传统电池，而是研发出一种小型有机分子，该分子能捕获阳光、将能量锁存在自身结构中，之后以热量形式释放出来。)”以及第一段中“Solar energy has one persistent weakness: it disappears at sunset. Finding a reliable way to store that energy for later use remains one of the biggest obstacles to expanding renewable power.(太阳能有一个长期存在的短板：日落之后能量就消失了。找到可靠方式储存太阳能供后续使用，仍是推广可再生能源最大阻碍之一。)”可知，解决太阳能短板的核心方案是使用新型有机分子储存热量。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中““We prioritized a lightweight, compact molecule design,” Nguyen said. “For this project, we cut everything we didn’t need. Anything that was unnecessary, we removed to make the molecule as compact as possible.”Unlike solar panels that generate electricity, this system stores solar energy in chemical form. The molecule behaves like a coiled spring. When exposed to sunlight, it shifts into a strained, high energy configuration. It remains in that state until triggered by heat or a catalyst, which allows it to return to its original form and release the stored energy as heat.(阮表示：“我们优先选择了轻量化、结构紧凑的分子设计，在这个项目里，我们砍掉了所有不必要的部分，把冗余结构全部移除，让分子尽可能小巧。”和发电的太阳能板不同，这套系统以化学形式储存太阳能，分子就像一根被拧紧的弹簧：暴露在阳光下时，它会切换到受力的高能构型，一直维持这个状态，直到被热量或催化剂触发，才会变回原本的形态，同时把储存的能量以热量的形式释放出来。)”可知，轻量化、紧凑设计是为了提升实际使用性能，方便现实应用。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The molecule behaves like a coiled spring. When exposed to sunlight, it shifts into a strained, high energy configuration. It remains in that state until triggered by heat or a catalyst, which allows it to return to its original form and release the stored energy as heat.(分子就像一根被拧紧的弹簧：暴露在阳光下时，它会切换到受力的高能构型，一直维持这个状态，直到被热量或催化剂触发，才会变回原本的形态，同时把储存的能量以热量的形式释放出来。)”可知，过程：阳光照射弹簧储能→释放热量变回原形，A图符合题意。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕可充能、储存太阳能热量的新型分子展开，介绍研发灵感、工作原理、优势与突破成果。“An Innovative Molecule: Rechargeable Solar Heat Storage(创新分子：可充式太阳能储热材料)”符合题意。 3.（2026·湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟）In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 2．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 3．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】文章主要介绍腐木真菌本以树木木质素为食，在缺少食物时可分解塑料；斯里兰卡教授团队通过45天对照实验证实该真菌代谢灵活，无木材时也能高效降解塑料，科学家有望复制其酶处理塑料垃圾，但该技术落地还需更多研究验证。 1．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups.(尽管这些真菌天生gravitated toward木材，但两组实验里它们依旧能分解塑料。)”及第一段“In forests, certain fungi attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide.(在森林中，部分真菌依附在树木与枯木上，分解木材内部的碳元素，并将其以二氧化碳的形式释放出来。)”可知，这些真菌依附在树木与枯木上，再结合后半句出现的让步逻辑，说明木材是真菌更喜爱的食物，gravitated toward意为“偏爱、倾向选择”。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was-available.”(更重要的是，在没有木材的情况下，塑料降解效率依旧十分可观，这体现出一种进化形成的生存机制。Attanayake指出：“这类生物的代谢方式具备很强的适应性。这或许是一种进化优势 —— 真菌只能依靠身边一切可获取的物质维持生存。”)”可知，缺少食物时真菌会利用塑料维持生存。 3．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段““Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said.(Attanayake表示：“在限定条件下这项技术未来或许能投入使用，但仍需开展大量研究。”)”可知，她支持该技术应用，但态度保守谨慎，认为还有诸多问题待研究。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead.(然而，当喜爱的食物短缺时，这类腐木真菌可以转而分解塑料。)”以及第四段“they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year (它们最终有望处理每年数亿吨塑料垃圾)”并结合全文内容可知，全文围绕真菌既能分解木材，又可降解塑料、有望解决塑料污染展开论述，故最佳标题是“真菌：从分解木材到解决塑料难题”。 4.考查写作目的和意图 1.（2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟）Many popular programs promise to increase happiness, but they often require more time and effort than busy people can manage. As a result, most of us find it hard to stick to such demanding routines. This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out? To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. These acts included listing things they felt grateful for, performing an act of kindness, or watching an inspiring video. Each day, people reported how they felt both before and after the activity, which allowed researchers to track changes in their emotions. The results, based on data from participants from more than 200 countries and regions, showed encouraging changes. After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life. People with fewer resources or lower social status often reported an even stronger sense of well-being. The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior (亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. In particular, groups that initially showed less prosocial tendency, such as those in less wealthy regions, demonstrated the most significant growth in this respect. The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, these micro-moments of joy provide a practical and powerful way to help people feel lighter, more connected and more satisfied with life. 1．Why was the Big Joy Project launched? A．To compare different acts of kindness. B．To seek an easier way to enhance happiness. C．To test popular long-term happiness programs. D．To promote major changes in people’s lifestyles. 2．What can we learn about the study results? A．Small acts made a difference. B．Happier people did more micro-acts. C．Prosocial growth centered on rich regions. D．Higher status contributed to stronger gains. 3．What is the main function of paragraph 4? A．To present further findings. B．To detail the research process. C．To draw the core conclusion. D．To offer practical suggestions. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Prosocial Behavior: A Path to Happiness B．Micro-Acts: Small Steps to Greater Happiness C．Big Joy Project: A Strategy for Lifelong Happiness D．Happiness: From Major Achievements to Daily Life 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了“大快乐项目(Big Joy Project)”的研究——让参与者每天完成简短的“微行动(micro-acts)”，如感恩或行善，结果发现这些简单行为能有效提升幸福感、减轻压力并促进亲社会行为，说明小小善举即可带来更大快乐。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out?(这就引出一个重要问题：如果变得更快乐不需要彻底改变生活方式呢？如果它可以从易于执行的简单、简短的行动开始呢？)”及第二段“To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. (为了探索这种可能性，研究人员发起了一项名为“大欢乐项目”的全球在线研究，要求大量参与者完成一项日常“微行动”——一项旨在建立快乐的简短而简单的活动)”可知，该项目旨在寻找更容易实现的提升幸福感的方法。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. (仅一周后，大多数人报告了明显改善：他们感受到更多积极情绪、更少压力，甚至睡眠和身体健康也有所改善。此外，研究表明，努力和结果之间存在直接联系——一个人完成的微行动越多，他们的幸福感就越高)”可知，从研究结果中，我们可以了解到微小行动确实产生了积极影响。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life.(有趣的是，这些益处惠及每个人，包括生活中遭遇逆境的人)”和“The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior (亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. (该项目还成功促进了“亲社会”行为——帮助他人及与社区建立联系的自然愿望)”可知，本段在基础结果之上进一步呈现了关于不同人群及亲社会行为增长的发现。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是最后一段“The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. (研究表明，幸福不一定取决于重大成就或外部事件。相反，微小但有意识的行为——比如感恩、提供善意或花点时间欣赏世界——可以帮助个人积极塑造自己的情绪健康)”可知，文章核心为微行动对幸福的提升作用，所以“微行动：通往更大幸福的小步”适合作为文章标题。 2.（2026·广东云浮中学段性测试（一））In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another “value” in numbers: identification. Despite their cute appearance, clownfish are territorial and aggressive (富于攻击性的). When they spot a member of their own species moving towards their place, they attack, biting and throwing out unwelcome visitors. There are 28 different species of clownfish, however. So how do they actually tell friends from enemies? Depending on the species, clownfish can have anywhere from zero to three white stripes (条纹). Previous research suggested the fish pay close attention to these markings. In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical (垂直的) stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes. This time around, ecologist Hayashi and colleagues assumed the fish could actually count those stripes. They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like “Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. The “native” fish couldn’t run after or bite the newcomers, but they could still rush them and stare them down. And that’s what happened when the newcomers wore the same number of stripes as the resident clownfish. They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones. It turned out that the researchers’ assumption had solid evidence. Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish. “Maybe researchers could further clarify clownfish’s calculating capacity,” adds Rhodes. “An experiment that goes beyond stripes could help. Could these fish learn, for example, to prefer two squares to three squares?” 1．What new use of counting skills have clownfish demonstrated? A．Building up a large group. B．Making out potential threats. C．Finding reliable food sources. D．Measuring the size of their territory. 2．What did the 2022 study about clownfish focus on? A．The way they defend their territory. B．The diversity of their stripe patterns. C．The impact of their aggression on other species. D．The role of stripe patterns in their behavioral reaction. 3．Which of the following is a Nemo-like clownfish most likely to attack? A．A three-striped fish. B．A double-striped fish. C．A fish with one stripe. D．A fish without stripes. 4．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Rhodes in the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To lead to an alternative viewpoint on the study. C．To show appreciation of clownfish’s learning ability. D．To support the researchers’ findings about clownfish. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文介绍科学家实验发现小丑鱼依靠识别条纹数量辨别同类并实施攻击，推测小丑鱼拥有计数能力，同时介绍有学者对此结论提出不同看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another “value” in numbers: identification.(在动物界，计数能力已知可以帮助动物获取更多食物或者依靠群体规模保障安全。但是小丑鱼或许发现了数字具备的另一重“用处”：辨别识别。)”以及倒数第二段“They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones. It turned out that the researchers’ assumption had solid evidence.(他们发现，本土小丑鱼对拥有三条白色条纹的同类最为凶狠。这类同类遭受追逐撕咬的次数是无条纹小丑鱼的十倍。针对它们的攻击频次是单条纹小丑鱼的两倍，是双条纹小丑鱼的1.3倍。事实证明，研究人员的猜想拥有可靠依据。)”可知，小丑鱼依靠条纹数量区分同类、发起攻击，也就是分辨潜在威胁。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical (垂直的) stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes.(在2022年的一项研究中，科学家发现，相比带有横向条纹的鱼类，小丑鱼对带有竖向条纹的鱼会表现出更强的攻击行为，例如追逐、撕咬。)”可知， 2022年的研究围绕条纹样式如何影响小丑鱼的行为反应展开。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This time around, ecologist Hayashi and colleagues assumed the fish could actually count those stripes. They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like “Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. (这一次，生态学家林（Hayashi）及其团队猜想，小丑鱼实际上能够数出条纹数量。他们将50条人工培育的幼年普通小丑鱼 —— 有着典型的橘色体表花纹，和电影《海底总动员》里拥有三条条纹的小丑鱼“尼莫”一样 —— 分别放入独立水箱。随后研究者把其他品种的小丑鱼安置在透明容器中（这些鱼带有0至3条不等的白色条纹），放进原有小丑鱼的领地，并记录下它们的反应。)”以及第五段“They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes.(他们发现，本土小丑鱼对拥有三条白色条纹的同类最为凶狠。)”可知，像“尼莫”一样有三条条纹的小丑鱼最有可能攻击同样有三条条纹的鱼。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish.(即便如此，生物学家罗兹提出疑问：这些鱼类是真的具备计数能力，还是仅仅注意到被攻击鱼身上有更多白色区域。)” 可知，罗兹提出了不同于实验结论的另一种可能性，引出看待这项研究的其他观点。 3.（浙江宁波市镇海中学2026届高三模拟）High-quality medical care relies on easy access to reliable health data, which our electronic device can readily supply. Digital healthcare may well become the next major breakthrough in the way we manage our personal well-being. At first glance, digital healthcare may seem to refer to maintaining the normal function of your electronic equipment. On the contrary, it is a concept referring to a network of interconnected tools capable of tracking and transmitting key health-related data. To fully grasp the promising value of digital healthcare, just reflect on how electronic technology has transformed our daily routines. Take travel as an example. Prior to the popularity of smart phones, web-based translation tools, positioning systems and the Internet, journeys to unknown destinations were extremely inconvenient. People had to rely on paper maps, hire local guides, or frequently turn to strangers for directions. Today, all necessary information can be conveniently stored in your pocket device. The greatest strength of digital healthcare lies in its ability to track critical physical indicators continuously and precisely. Such data can be shared online instantly, enabling medical professionals to obtain abundant records of your daily physical state. Doctors can adjust your medical plans timely based on these real-time statistics! This does not mean patients can completely give up face-to-face medical visits. Still, the real-time health tracking benefits both patients and doctors, making online medical communication practical and effective. Cutting down unnecessary in-person hospital visits also helps improve the overall efficiency of medical services. However, the progress of digital healthcare also raises serious worries over personal privacy, as medical information is highly secret. For example, private patient records may be exploited for commercial promotion. Once health files are uploaded online, preventing illegal access to private data can be challenging. Still, with proper regulation, the advantages of digital healthcare will far exceed its potential risks. 1．Why does the author talk about traveling in Paragraph 3? A．To stress the necessity of digital healthcare. B．To prove the bright future of digital healthcare. C．To show the disadvantages of traditional traveling tools. D．To help readers to realize the power of digital technology. 2．What risk does digital healthcare bring to people? A．Personal health information may be illegally used. B．Higher cost of buying medical monitoring devices. C．Electronic tools may affect people’s physical health. D．Strict laws will limit patients’ access to medical data. 3．The underlined word “exploited” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．collected freely B．stored safely C．misused improperly D．examined carefully 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to protect patients’ online privacy. B．A new technology trend in medical services. C．The weaknesses of traditional medical care. D．Urgent health problems people are facing now. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了数字医疗，它可实时监测健康数据、提升就医效率，但存在隐私泄露隐患，若加以规范，其优势远大于风险。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“To fully grasp the promising value of digital healthcare, just reflect on how electronic technology has transformed our daily routines. Take travel as an example. Prior to the popularity of smart phones, web-based translation tools, positioning systems and the Internet, journeys to unknown destinations were extremely inconvenient. People had to rely on paper maps, hire local guides, or frequently turn to strangers for directions. Today, all necessary information can be conveniently stored in your pocket device.( 要充分理解数字医疗所蕴含的巨大价值，只需想想电子技术如何改变了我们的日常生活。以旅行为例，在智能手机普及之前，网络翻译工具、定位系统和互联网尚未兴起时，前往陌生目的地极为不便。人们只能依靠纸质地图、聘请当地向导，或频繁向陌生人寻求路线指引。如今，所有必要的信息都可以方便地存储在你的口袋设备中。)”可推知，作者在第三段中提到旅行是为了帮助读者认识到数字技术的力量。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, the progress of digital healthcare also raises serious worries over personal privacy, as medical information is highly secret.( 不过，数字医疗的发展也引发了人们对个人隐私的严重担忧，因为医疗信息高度机密。)”以及“Once health files are uploaded online, preventing illegal access to private data can be challenging.( 一旦健康资料上传至网络，防止非法访问私人数据将变得十分困难。)”可知，数字医疗给人们带来的风险是个人健康信息可能被非法使用。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“However, the progress of digital healthcare also raises serious worries over personal privacy, as medical information is highly secret.( 不过，数字医疗的发展也引发了人们对个人隐私的严重担忧，因为医疗信息高度机密。)”以及划线单词句中“For example, private patient records may be…for commercial promotion.( 例如，患者的私人病历可能被……。)”可知，划线词所在句围绕“隐私风险”展开，说明私人病历可能被exploited 用于商业推广。结合上下文的“隐私担忧”“非法访问”等负面表述，可推断该词带有消极含义，指信息被不正当使用，与C选项“misused improperly(不当滥用)”语义最接近。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“数字医疗”展开：先介绍其概念与核心作用，再说明实时健康追踪的优势与医疗效率提升的价值，最后提及隐私风险与发展前景。整体是对医疗领域这一新兴技术趋势的全面介绍。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是“医疗服务中的新技术趋势”。 5.考查推理判断 1.（2026·湖南岳阳摸底）Recent studies indicate that both animals and plants possess the ability to swiftly adapt to challenging environmental conditions to ensure their survival. A study published in the journal Trends in Plant Science explores the rapid adaptation processes of plants in response to climate change and how these adaptive traits are inherited by their offspring (后代). Plants are encountering more environmental challenges than ever. For instance, in numerous regions, the impact of climate change is leading to shorter winter seasons, and plants are adapting accordingly. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These processes allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.” Since plants lack neural systems, their memory functions rely entirely on cellular, molecular (分子的), and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory (体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli. These somatic memories can then be transmitted to the plants’ offspring through epigenetics (表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli. Moving forward, Martinelli aims to gain deeper insights into the specific genes that are being inherited. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic code without changes in DNA sequence (序列),” he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.” 1．How have plants adjusted to shortened cold seasons? A．They have shortened their flowering time. B．They have got more chances to reproduce. C．They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. D．They have adjusted their environmental clock. 2．What can we learn about somatic memory? A．It is completely dependent on neural networks. B．It can enhance the survival of the plants’ offspring. C．It can help relieve environmental stresses. D．It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks 3．What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4? A．Adapting. B．Valuing. C．Recording. D．Sharing. 4．What’s the main idea conveyed in the text? A．Plants are smart about flowering time. B．Plants are also capable of adapting to climate change. C．Environmental pressures challenge plants. D．The secrets of plant genes are to be uncovered. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植物为适应环境变化所展现出的能力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. (佛罗伦萨大学的植物遗传学家Martinelli说：“许多植物需要一个最短的寒冷期来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间”“随着寒冷季节的缩短，植物已经适应了需要更短的寒冷期来推迟开花)”可知，植物是通过调整环境时钟来适应缩短的寒冷季节的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段 “These somatic memories can then be transmitted to the plants’ offspring through epigenetics (表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.(然后，这些体细胞记忆可以通过表观遗传传递给植物的后代。马蒂内利说：“一些例子证明了存在调节植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应”)”可知，体细胞记忆能传递给后代且影响后代对环境压力的适应，从而增强后代的生存能力。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.(马蒂内利说：“一些例子证明了存在modulating植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应”)”可知，这些分子过程是使植物的记忆与环境压力相适应，进而影响后代对压力的适应。所以划线词的意思为“适应”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent studies indicate that both animals and plants possess the ability to swiftly adapt to challenging environmental conditions to ensure their survival. A study published in the journal Trends in Plant Science explores the rapid adaptation processes of plants in response to climate change and how these adaptive traits are inherited by their offspring (后代).(最近的研究表明，动物和植物都具有迅速适应具有挑战性的环境条件以确保生存的能力。发表在《植物科学趋势》杂志上的一项研究探索了植物对气候变化的快速适应过程，以及这些适应特征是如何遗传给它们的后代的。）以及后文对植物适应气候变化的具体阐述可知，文章主要围绕植物适应气候变化展开。故选B。 2.（2026·山东德州市一模）You’ve followed all sleep experts’ advice — going to bed on time, avoiding afternoon coffee, and keeping your bedroom cool as you like, dark with no light on, and quiet as possible — yet you still toss and turn. Glancing at the silver light through the curtains, you wonder: Could the full moon be ruining your sleep? Figuring out the moon’s impact on human sleep is challenging, as emotions and expectations often cloud judgments. Many people romanticize full moons, especially special events like harvest or blue moons, while others anticipate restlessness under a full moon, which alone can disrupt sleep. Scientific studies suggest real physiological effects caused by the moon. In a 2013 study, Swiss researchers analyzed data from an experiment in which participants had no idea their sleep was being studied for lunar effects. Around the full moon, participants experienced a 30 percent drop in deep-sleep brain activity, took 5 minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept 20 minutes less overall. They also reported worse sleep quality and had lower levels of melatonin, the hormone (荷尔蒙) that your body releases naturally at night to calm your body down and prepare you for sleep. However, all these studies share one major limitation: they were conducted in sleep laboratories, where the subjects may be disturbed easily by the unfamiliar setting. To address this, University of Washington researchers tracked sleep in real-world environments: three Argentinian communities (urban suburbs, rural village with limited electricity, remote area with no electricity) and 464 Seattle university students. Across all groups, regardless of artificial light access, participants slept less and took longer to fall asleep in the nights leading up to a full moon. The researchers think this may reflect an ancient adaptation: When the moon was brightest, our ancestors likely stayed up later to hunt, socialize, or work by natural light. The sleep changes were most obvious in low-electricity communities, where moonlight remained the main light source at night. Sleep experts note that while the full moon’s effect, up to one hour less sleep, is profound, artificial light from screens likely has an even greater impact on modern sleep. 1．What is the difficulty in studying the moon’s effect on sleep? A．People’s habits and hobbies. B．Health conditions and sleep space. C．Artificial light or noise in the room. D．People’s emotions and anticipations. 2．What did the 2013 Swiss study find about full moons? A．They caused 25 minutes less sleep on average. B．They affected people more in the real world. C．They had less impact on sleep than expected. D．They led to a reduced deep-sleep brain activity. 3．Why did University of Washington researchers adjust study surroundings? A．To compare sleep patterns by age group. B．To analyze the influence of artificial light on sleep. C．To avoid the impact of strange settings on subjects. D．To test whether urban lifestyle cancels lunar effects. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The End of Moonlight Folktales B．City Lights’ effects on Human Sleep C．Moonlight’s battle with artificial light D．The Moon’s Silent Theft of Our Sleep 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证实满月会减少人们的睡眠时间、降低睡眠质量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Figuring out the moon’s impact on human sleep is challenging, as emotions and expectations often cloud judgments.(要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰判断)”可知，研究月亮对睡眠的难处在于人们的情绪和预期会干扰判断，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Around the full moon, participants experienced a 30 percent drop in deep-sleep brain activity, took 5 minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept 20 minutes less overall.(在满月期间，参与者深度睡眠时的大脑活动下降了30%，入睡所需时间延长了5分钟，总体睡眠时间减少了20分钟)”可知，2013年的研究发现满月导致深度睡眠脑活动减少，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, all these studies share one major limitation: they were conducted in sleep laboratories, where the subjects may be disturbed easily by the unfamiliar setting.(然而，所有这些研究都存在一个主要的局限性：它们都是在睡眠实验室中进行的，而在这样的环境中，实验对象很容易受到陌生环境的干扰)”和第四段中“To address this, University of Washington researchers tracked sleep in real-world environments: three Argentinian communities (urban suburbs, rural village with limited electricity, remote area with no electricity) and 464 Seattle university students.(为了解决这个问题，华盛顿大学的研究人员在真实环境中追踪了人们的睡眠情况：三个阿根廷社区（城市郊区、电力供应有限的农村村庄、无电力供应的偏远地区）以及464名西雅图大学的学生)”可知，之前的研究受试者很容易被陌生的实验室环境干扰，华盛顿大学调整到真实环境是为了避免陌生环境对受试者的影响，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段“Figuring out the moon’s impact on human sleep is challenging, as emotions and expectations often cloud judgments. Many people romanticize full moons, especially special events like harvest or blue moons, while others anticipate restlessness under a full moon, which alone can disrupt sleep. Scientific studies suggest real physiological effects caused by the moon.(要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰判断。许多人会将满月视为浪漫的象征，尤其是在诸如丰收或蓝月这样的特殊时刻；而另一些人则会预期在满月之下会感到不安，而这种不安本身就可能扰乱睡眠。科学研究表明，月亮确实会对人的生理产生影响)”可知，全文围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证实满月会减少人们的睡眠时间、降低睡眠质量，D选项“月亮悄悄偷走我们的睡眠”准确概括核心主题，可作为标题。故选D。 6.考查细节理解 1.（2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测）As basalt (玄武岩) naturally weathers, it captures CO2, converting it into bicarbonate ions (碳酸氢根离子) in the water, which cannot reenter the atmosphere. Grinding and spreading basalt on farmlands, an approach known as enhanced rock weathering (ERW), has recently gathered steam. But it also has caused polarized viewpoints in terms of trapping CO2 and boosting crop yields. While mining, crushing and transporting these rocks release CO2, those emissions pale in comparison to the amount of CO2 that the rock stores away more permanently. It could remove up to two billion metric tons of CO2 from the air every year were ERW to be scaled up globally, according to David Beerling, a biochemist at the University of Sheffield in England. As great as this would sound, compared with some costly and ecosystem-unfriendly ways, such as CO2-pulling machinery and iron spread across the sea floor to enhance the growth of algae that absorb CO2, some scientists just frown on this idea. Lethal Page had an unpromising result after he conducted an experiment in Malaysia where basalt dust was spread across parts of a palm oil plantation. The dark soil contains more decaying organic matter and more clay than the soil elsewhere. Those charged materials can cling on to the breakdown products of basalt, keeping them from changing CO2 into bicarbonate. “There is a delay in capturing carbon dioxide, which may take somewhere between 5 and 15 years,” Lethal says. Acidity is another complicating factor, according to a trial on tropical sugarcane fields in northeastern Australia. The soil there is acidic, so it can potentially consume the basalt before it has a chance to react with CO2. Initial results show that CO2 capture rates are extremely low. Paul Nelson, a soil scientist at James Cook University who helped lead the study, says it is impossible to fix the problem just by neutralizing acidic soil before adding basalt because in wet tropical areas the acidity extends many meters down, to the bedrock. “ERW is a potentially valuable opportunity to remove CO2, but the aforementioned factors definitely impact its effect, and if companies cut corners, like applying the wrong type of rock or spreading it too thinly, ERW could blow up on the launch pad,” Paul cautions. 1．What is an important feature of basalt? A．It tends to be enveloped by steam. B．It makes for high output of crops. C．It is a useful indicator for weather. D．It disarms a greenhouse gas for good. 2．Why did the Malaysian experiment fall short? A．The soil consumed basalt too slowly. B．Organic matter blocked carbon conversion. C．Clay particles sped up the weathering. D．Bicarbonate formed faster than expected. 3．What is Paul Nelson’s attitude to treating acidic soil before using basalt? A．Enthusiastic. B．Dismissive. C．Reserved. D．Unbiased. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了ERW 玄武岩固碳技术，它固碳潜力可观，但受土壤有机质、酸度制约，操作不当也会失效，业内对此看法分歧。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As basalt (玄武岩) naturally weathers, it captures CO2, converting it into bicarbonate ions (碳酸氢根离子) in the water, which cannot reenter the atmosphere.( 随着玄武岩自然风化，它会捕获二氧化碳，并将其转化为水中的碳酸氢根离子，这些离子无法再次进入大气。)”可知，玄武岩的核心特征是自然风化时能捕获二氧化碳，将其转化为无法重返大气的碳酸氢根离子，也就是永久消除了温室气体 CO₂。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The dark soil contains more decaying organic matter and more clay than the soil elsewhere. Those charged materials can cling on to the breakdown products of basalt, keeping them from changing CO2 into bicarbonate.( 这种暗色土壤中含有的腐烂有机物以及黏土都比其他地方的土壤要多。这些带电物质能够附着在玄武岩的分解产物上，从而阻止其将二氧化碳转化为碳酸氢盐。)”可知，马来西亚实验失败的直接原因是土壤中大量的腐殖质和黏土颗粒会吸附玄武岩的分解产物，阻断了 CO₂向碳酸氢根的转化过程。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Paul Nelson, a soil scientist at James Cook University who helped lead the study, says it is impossible to fix the problem just by neutralizing acidic soil before adding basalt because in wet tropical areas the acidity extends many meters down, to the bedrock.( 詹姆斯·库克大学的土壤科学家保罗·尼尔森协助领导了这项研究，他表示，仅仅通过在添加玄武岩之前中和酸性土壤来解决这个问题是不可能的，因为在潮湿的热带地区，酸性会向下延伸数米，直至到达基岩。)”可推知，保罗·尼尔森对于在使用玄武岩之前先对酸性土壤进行处理持不屑一顾的态度。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，五段内容的逻辑关系如下：P1（开头总段）：引入 ERW 玄武岩固碳技术，提出人们对此观点两极分化（总起全文）。P2：阐述 ERW 的优点：固碳量远高于开采排放，减排潜力巨大；P3、P4：连续两个实验，并列说明技术缺陷（土壤有机质阻碍转化、酸性土壤消耗玄武岩）；→ P3、P4 构成一组从属分支。P5（结尾总段）：总结：ERW 有潜力，但多重因素限制效果、违规操作会导致失败（收尾总结）。 2.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, leaping from one dry bush to another. As it approaches the first house, the plants around it catch fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to do so: any small flames along its walls quickly die out. There’s no water in sight — the flames are put out by sound waves. This scene is not science fiction. Engineers at an American tech company built a device using low-frequency sound waves to fight fires. “It’s basically vibrating (震动) the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, blocking the chemical reaction,” explains Geoff Bruder, an aerospace engineer who once studied heat engines for NASA． Fire needs heat, fuel and oxygen; taking one of these away will stop the fire. Sound waves push oxygen away from the fuel, preventing the fire getting the air it needs to continue its burning. The company has demonstrated a fire control from as far as 25 feet away. Using sound against fire isn’t new. A U. S. defense research agency studied it over a decade ago. However, a major challenge is to scale up the technology without creating loud or even damaging sound effects. The company overcame this by using infrasound — sound waves at 20 hertz (赫兹) or lower, which humans cannot hear. These waves also travel farther than higher-frequency sounds. The device looks like a metal box attached to the roof. When heat sensors detect a flame, an electric motor drives a piston (活塞) to create infrasound, which travels through metal tubes on the roof, creating a “force field” to put out the fire and prevent the building catching another fire. Experts note that while sound waves can effectively influence fire, they currently work best on smaller flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and large energy companies are game to give it a try: The company is working with two California power suppliers and plans to install fifty pilot units early in 2026. 1．What does the passage begin with? A．A historical review. B．A personal anecdote. C．A scientific explanation. D．A descriptive situation. 2．What is the basic principle behind sound-based firefighting? A．It removes the burning material. B．It cools the fire with vibrations. C．It separates oxygen from the fuel. D．It blocks the heat with natural force. 3．What is a key feature of infrasound? A．It is silent to human ear. B．It is of high-frequency. C．It travels at a fast speed. D．It requires loud volumes. 4．What does “game” in paragraph 6 most likely mean? A．Pleased. B．Ready. C．Afraid. D．Unwilling. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了美国科技公司研发的利用次声波灭火的新技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, leaping from one dry bush to another. As it approaches the first house, the plants around it catch fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to do so: any small flames along its walls quickly die out. There’s no water in sight — the flames are put out by sound waves.(一场野火在洛杉矶郊区的山丘上燃烧，它从一棵干枯的灌木丛蔓延至另一棵。当它逼近第一座房屋时，周围的植物着火了，但房屋本身却顽固地拒绝燃烧：房屋的墙壁上任何小的火苗很快就会熄灭。这里看不到水——火焰是靠声波扑灭的)”可知，文章开头描绘了洛杉矶郊区野火逼近房屋、声波灭火的具体场景，是描述性场景，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sound waves push oxygen away from the fuel, preventing the fire getting the air it needs to continue its burning.(声波会将氧气从燃料处推开，从而阻止火势获取继续燃烧所需的空气)”可知，声波灭火的原理是声波将氧气推离燃料，切断燃烧所需的氧气，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The company overcame this by using infrasound — sound waves at 20 hertz (赫兹) or lower, which humans cannot hear.(该公司通过使用次声波解决了这个问题——这种声波的频率在 20 赫兹或更低，人类无法听到)”可知，人类听不见次声波，故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“The company is working with two California power suppliers and plans to install fifty pilot units early in2026.(该公司正在与加利福尼亚的两家电力供应商合作，并计划在2026年初安装50个试点设备)”可知，此处指“房主和大型能源公司都愿意尝试一下”，game意为“愿意的”，故选B。 7.考查猜测词义 1.（2026·广东深圳市高三一模）Imagine you are preparing a class presentation when you suddenly remember you forgot to feed the cat. You grab your phone to text your mum, but an ad jumps out: “50 % off your favourite brand!” One tap leads to another; ten minutes later you have looked through reviews, filled a cart and almost missed your own slide. This phenomenon is called “popcorn (爆米花) brain”. The term was introduced in 2011 by researcher David Levy from the University of Washington. It describes a mental state where attention wanders, and thoughts jump quickly from one topic to another — just like popcorn popping rapidly in a hot pan. People with popcorn brain find it hard to concentrate or maintain a clear line of thinking. University of California Researcher Gloria Mark tracked 2,000 American office workers and students in her two-decade study on attention with silent screen recorders and heart-rate belts. In 2004 people stayed on one task for 2.5 minutes on average; by 2020 the figure had fallen to 47 seconds. Heart-rate data showed that every extra switch raised a stress hormone (荷尔蒙) by about 7 %. Studies show that digital technology, especially social media, worsens this condition. Data Reportal’s 2024 report pooled screen-time records from 1.3 million users in 40 countries and found further proof. For instance, people in America aged 16–24 averaged 7 hours 3 minutes online per day, equaling roughly 17 years of adult life. Such constant digital exposure trains the brain to prefer short bursts of information. As a result, focusing on one task becomes harder. Information overload also affects memory, decision-making, and emotional control. The cure, tested in follow-up trials, is brief: set clear tech boundaries. Recommended strategies include limiting daily screen time, turning off non-essential notification, and creating tech-free periods or spaces. Building a structured daily routine is also advised: individuals can begin by measuring their current focus duration, then set realistic goals and stick to a fixed schedule for important tasks. This consistent practice strengthens habits and prepares your mind and body to focus on the task for a longer period without getting popcorn brain. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By defining a concept. B．By providing statistics. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing a presentation 2．What can be inferred from the data in Gloria Mark’s study? A．Attention on a task dropped half in decades. B．Frequent switching may increase mental stress. C．People’s average screen time decreased steadily. D．Shortened screen time may lead to higher heart disease risk. 3．What does the underlined word “pooled” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Evaluated. B．Created C．Published. D．Collected. 4．According to the passage, how can we prevent getting “popcorn brain”? A．Setting aside no-device areas. B．Changing daily schedules flexibly. C．Using more advanced digital devices. D．Checking essential notification regularly. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“爆米花大脑”这一现象的定义、成因、危害以及对应的改善方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Imagine you are preparing a class presentation when you suddenly remember you forgot to feed the cat. You grab your phone to text your mum, but an ad jumps out: “50 % off your favourite brand!” One tap leads to another; ten minutes later you have looked through reviews, filled a cart and almost missed your own slide. This phenomenon is called “popcorn (爆米花) brain”.(想象一下，你正在准备课堂展示，突然想起自己忘了喂猫。你拿起手机想给妈妈发消息，一条广告却弹了出来：“你最爱的品牌，五折优惠！” 你点进去之后就一发不可收拾，十分钟后，你已经看完了各种评论、装满了购物车，差点错过自己的展示环节。这种现象被称为 “爆米花大脑”。)”可知，作者通过设想一个具体的生活场景举例，引出“爆米花大脑”这一话题。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“University of California Researcher Gloria Mark tracked 2,000 American office workers and students in her two-decade study on attention with silent screen recorders and heart-rate belts. In 2004 people stayed on one task for 2.5 minutes on average; by 2020 the figure had fallen to 47 seconds. Heart-rate data showed that every extra switch raised a stress hormone (荷尔蒙) by about 7 %. (加州大学研究员格洛丽亚・马克，借助静音屏幕记录仪和心率监测带，对 2000 名美国上班族与学生开展了一项为期 20 年的注意力相关研究。2004 年，人们专注于单一任务的平均时长为 2.5 分钟；到 2020 年，这一数字降至 47 秒。心率数据显示，每多切换一次任务，压力荷尔蒙的水平就会上升约 7%。)”可知，频繁切换任务可能会增加精神压力。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Data Reportal’s 2024 report pooled screen-time records from 1.3 million users in 40 countries and found further proof. (Data Reportal 2024年的报告____了来自40个国家130万用户的屏幕使用时长记录，并找到了进一步的证据。)”可知，报告要获取证据，需要先收集大量用户的相关数据。因此“pooled”的意思应为“收集”。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The cure, tested in follow-up trials, is brief: set clear tech boundaries. Recommended strategies include limiting daily screen time, turning off non-essential notification, and creating tech-free periods or spaces. (后续试验验证的解决办法很简单：设定明确的科技使用界限。推荐的策略包括限制每日屏幕使用时长、关闭非必要通知，以及设置无科技产品的时段或区域。)”可知，设置无设备区域可以预防“爆米花大脑”。故选A项。 2.（2026·江苏苏州市七校联考模拟）Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not. For proof, imagine a world where every detail you ever came across was carved indelibly in your mind. Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering. We don’t need to stick to just our armchair-philosophizing, however. Thanks to the wonderful combinatory magic genetics pulls off at each birth, we’ve had a few individuals on Earth who are unable to forget anything. Solomon Shereshevsky, for instance, could memorize lists of arbitrary (任意的) numbers, words, and nonsense syllables with perfect recall, even decades later. At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable. What most miss about forgetting is that it is not a design flaw (缺陷). It’s a feature. In fact, the ability to forget is fundamental to learning. It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in. Research suggests that forgetting is an active process involving brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which help us manage the inflow and outflow of information. Forgetting is not our memory failing on us as much as it is our memory being better used. And here is where we meet the concept of the forgetting curve (曲线). First described by Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the forgetting curve tracks how quickly we lose information over time without reinforcement (巩固). Within hours of learning something new, we begin to forget it. Rapidly at first, then more slowly over time. The key insight of those who have followed Ebbinghaus is that this curve is not fixed. On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves. 1．What does the underlined word “indelibly” in the first paragraph mean? A．Permanently. B．Violently. C．Chaotically. D．Effortlessly. 2．What did Shereshevsky think of his ability? A．A design flaw. B．A real blessing. C．A mental burden. D．A rare talent. 3．How does forgetting contribute to learning? A．It prevents the flow of information. B．It pushes people to review regularly. C．It activates brain regions responsible for learning. D．It allows the brain to prioritize important information. 4．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Keep learning new things. B．Intervene in the forgetting process. C．Accept forgetting as a natural part of life. D．Explore a fixed pattern of the forgetting curve. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过科学事实、案例分析和逻辑推理，论证了“遗忘是大脑的重要功能”这一观点，并鼓励读者正确看待遗忘现象并对其加以利用。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not.(别不信，遗忘事物其实是一种福气)”提到能够遗忘是一件幸事，划线词所在句子以及下文是提供支撑性证据，论证“遗忘是一件幸事”这一观点；结合下文“Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering.(每一次让你懊悔的交谈，每一次你所经历的被拒绝的时刻，每一次你未系好拉链就出门的举动，都清晰地印刻在你的脑海中，就如同你上周早餐吃了什么一样，也包括那些给你带来最大快乐的时刻。那是一个充满混乱与痛苦的世界)”可知，此处是作者让读者想象一个所有遇到的细节都无法遗忘的世界、一切都永远被刻在脑海里的世界，那将是充满混乱和痛苦的世界。故划线词indelibly意思是“永久地”。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable.(乍一看，这听起来像是某种超能力。但舍雷舍夫斯基却称其令人精疲力竭、分心不已，而且情绪上难以承受)”可知，谢雷舍夫斯基认为他的能力是一种精神负担。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in.(正是它让我们能够集中注意力，帮助我们从杂乱的信息中提取出关键信息，并让大脑根据我们所处的环境来确定哪些才是最重要的)”可知，遗忘能让大脑优先处理重要的信息。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves.(相反，这并非是无法改变的固定状态，而是我们能够加以调整、能够自行塑造的特性)”可知，作者建议读者参与遗忘过程。故选B项。 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 介绍书籍《Mindshift》(T1) 动物的文化行为(T2); 无人机造林(T3); 创手势在沟通中的作用(T4)；微波真空干燥技术(T5) 阅读理解记叙文 Passage 1 【新情境·介绍书籍《Mindshift》】（2026届福建泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（一））Have you ever thought, “Maybe this is all I’m ever meant to be?” Many of us are trapped by labels like “not talented enough” — as if life were a one-way road with no turns. Barbara Oakley’s Mindshift works like a wise guide, helping us remove these mental blocks. It doesn’t offer empty encouragement, but breaks down the science behind change. The first part of the book tells stories of ordinary people who dared to reshape their lives. Graham Keir, a musician, once believed he had “no brain for science” and today walks the halls of medical school. Or Ali, who once struggled with basic maths, only to later master coding (编程) and earn multiple promotions. These are not tales of sudden genius, but of imperfect practice through setbacks and slow progress. Oakley introduces a powerful concept — second-skilling. In today’s fast-changing world, relying on just one area of expertise is risky. Developing a second skill can make you more adaptable. If the first part helps us see what’s possible, the second is a guide for making it happen. Oakley draws on interviews with dozens of career changers to show what strategies worked and what pitfalls to avoid. Beyond learning from others, the book’s second part offers honest advice for quieting self-doubt and turning learning from a chore into a habit. One of the book’s most valuable insights is that what matters is not “intense practice every day”, but “practise every day, without fail”. Even fifteen minutes daily sends steady signals that quietly reshape your brain. That said, the book’s perspective isn’t universal. Rooted in a Western context, it draws largely on stable professionals — leaving quieter questions about those facing real hardship. And while it prioritises practice over passion, some may find this approach cool to the touch. Yet perhaps that coolness is its strength: it doesn’t sell miracles, but offers a solid framework. After reading, you may not have all the answers. But you might ask: “Could what I once thought impossible actually be within reach?” Ultimately, Mindshift gives something better: a mind open and flexible, ready for change. And that, perhaps, is the truest mindshift of all. 1．What can we learn about Mindshift from paragraph 1? A．It describes life as a fixed path. B．It emphasises the importance of talent. C．It helps overcome inner obstacle for change. D．It provides readers with emotional comfort. 2．What do the examples of Graham and Ali mainly show? A．The value of second-skilling. B．The power of sudden genius. C．The importance of passion. D．The risk of changing careers. 3．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Complicated skills. B．Hidden traps. C．Strong biases. D．Imagined threats. 4．What is the author’s overall attitude towards Mindshift? A．Cautiously opposed. B．Appreciative yet critical. C．Highly favourable. D．Imagined threats. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇书评。文章介绍书籍《Mindshift》的核心内容、价值及局限性，传递终身成长理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Barbara Oakley’s Mindshift works like a wise guide, helping us remove these mental blocks.(芭芭拉·奥克利的《思维转变》就像一位睿智的向导，帮助我们消除这些心理障碍)”可知，这本书能帮助人们克服内心阻碍，实现自我改变。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“These are not tales of sudden genius, but of imperfect practice through setbacks and slow progress. Oakley introduces a powerful concept — second-skilling.(这些并非突然开窍的天才故事，而是历经挫折、缓慢进步的点滴实践。奥克利提出了一个强有力的概念——二次技能培养)”可知，格雷厄姆和阿里的事例，是为了论证二次技能培养的价值，打破固有标签实现人生重塑。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Oakley draws on interviews with dozens of career changers to show what strategies worked and what pitfalls to avoid.(奥克利通过采访数十位转行人士，阐述了哪些方法有效，以及要避开哪些pitfalls)”可知，句中“strategies worked”与“pitfalls to avoid”形成对应，结合语境可猜测pitfalls意为“潜在的陷阱、易犯的错误”，与Hidden traps意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“That said, the book’s perspective isn’t universal.(即便如此，这本书的观点并非普适)”以及第五段“Yet perhaps that coolness is its strength: it doesn’t sell miracles, but offers a solid framework.(但或许这种理性正是它的优势：它不宣扬奇迹，而是提供可靠的框架)”可知，作者既肯定了该书的实用价值，也指出了其视角局限性，态度为欣赏但带有批判性。故选B项。 Passage 2 【新情境·动物的文化行为】（2026·河北唐山市高三第一次模拟）More than 50 years ago, Jane Goodall stunned the scientific community by reporting that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania were using tools to extract insects out of their nests. This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. Louis Leakey, Goodall’s advisor, famously responded: “Now we must redefine ‘tool’, redefine ‘man’, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Today, overwhelming evidence shows that many species learn from one another, developing cultural behaviors that can be passed down across generations. A recent special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B presents studies ranging from whales to wallabies, demonstrating that socially learned behavior is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. These findings are already influencing conservation practices, from reintroductions to managing conflicts between humans and wildlife over habitat use. This focus on learning has also led to the growing idea of “longevity (长寿) conservation.” Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. At the same time, scientists are studying how these animals maintain their health over decades or even centuries, discovering biological strategies that help resist diseases and repair cells. These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? Understanding animal culture also casts doubt on proposals such as “de-extinction,” which aims to bring extinct species back to life. As a conservation strategy, this is fundamentally unworkable. Without older individuals to pass on knowledge, recreated animals would lack the skills needed to survive. The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. 1．Why was Goodall’s discovery considered shocking at the time? A．She challenged her advisor. B．Louis commented on it publicly. C．Chimpanzees were rarely studied. D．Only humans were believed to use tools. 2．What can be inferred about animals’ learned behavior? A．It is affected by genes. B．It expands their habitats. C．It is critical for their survival. D．It settles human-wildlife conflicts. 3．What role do older animals play according to longevity conservation? A．Protectors of habitats. B．Defenders against diseases. C．Designers of migration routes. D．Carriers of ecological wisdom. 4．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To honor Jane Goodall’s work. B．To urge a rethink of animals’ cultures. C．To compare animal cultural behaviors. D．To propose new species revival technologies. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物也存在文化行为与知识传承，打破人类对工具使用与文化的独有认知，呼吁重新思考动物文化与保护方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. (这一观察具有开创性，因为科学家们认为制造工具是人类独有的特征。)”可知，当时科学界普遍认为只有人类才会制造和使用工具，而Jane Goodall发现坦桑尼亚的黑猩猩会使用工具从巢穴中提取昆虫，这一发现打破了人们的固有认知，因此令人震惊。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. (对许多物种而言，这种习得行为不仅仅是有趣，更是至关重要的。它让动物能够分享生存技能，比如去哪里寻找食物或如何躲避危险。)”可知，动物的习得行为能帮助它们掌握寻找食物、躲避危险等关键生存技能，直接关系到它们的生存，因此对它们的生存至关重要。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. (研究表明，一些长寿动物，包括鲸鱼和巨龟，充当着生态知识的守护者。它们漫长的寿命使它们能够记住迁徙路线、觅食区域以及应对环境变化的方法。)”可知，根据长寿保护理论，年长的动物凭借漫长的寿命，储存并传承着迁徙、觅食、应对环境变化等生态知识，是生态智慧的承载者。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段中的“These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? (这些发现引发了关于人类如何定义文化遗产的难题。如果鸟类和鲸鱼有歌曲或狩猎方法等传统，那么这些行为的消失是否应该像历史建筑的消失一样被严肃对待？)”以及最后一段中的“The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. (我们对其他物种的文化了解得越多，就越难否认我们周围是一个充满“他者”的星球。真正吸收这些知识，或许能推动我们作为这种丰富生物文化多样性的保护者所需要的重大转变。)”可知，文章围绕动物存在文化行为和知识传承这一核心，通过一系列研究发现，引发人类对动物文化的重新思考，呼吁人们重视动物文化和生物文化多样性，因此本文的主要目的是促使人们重新思考动物文化。故选B项。 Passage 3 【新情境·无人机造林】（2026届山东滨州市高三一模）A reforestation revolution is being led by the innovative use of autonomous drones, a practice that balances deep respect for nature with cutting-edge technology. These drones, which work with high precision, are particularly effective in restoring large areas of forests damaged by wildfires and heavy logging. Reports show they can plant trees up to ten times faster than traditional methods, greatly boosting sustainability. The core of this technology lies in the combination of AI and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing. The drones use LiDAR to scan damaged areas and measure the distance between the sensor and the ground. This system assesses key environmental factors such as soil composition, moisture levels and terrain contour, as well as potential risks like erosion and flooding. Then, onboard AI analyzes all these details carefully to precisely determine the best spots for planting native seeds. Each drone carries hundreds of biodegradable capsules. These capsules contain not only seeds but also nutrients and fungi, which help the roots thrive in harsh conditions. After identifying ideal areas, the drones fire the capsules into the soil, covering an area as large as a soccer field in less than an hour. The fungi in the capsules enrich the soil, attracting insects and animals that enable forests to thrive. This effect is also crucial for carbon sequestration, which is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide to prevent it from warming the planet, and is an important part of the strategy against climate change. Initial trials in wildfire-hit Kumamoto have achieved remarkable success, with an 80% germination (萌芽) rate, much higher than the 30 — 50% of manual methods. This success has drawn international attention: the US and the UK have adopted similar AI-led drones for reforestation in hard-to-access areas, showing great global promotion potential. Despite the achievements, challenges remain. Scaling up the project requires huge investment and may face hurdles like airspace restrictions. Additionally, the technology needs to adapt to diverse ecosystems with varying soil and climate. However, these drones bring bright prospects for global sustainability, with potential applications in restoring biodiversity, rehabilitating coral reefs and reversing desertification, playing a positive role in global ecological protection. 1．What are the major advantages of the drone reforestation? A．High accuracy and great efficiency. B．Low expense and easy maintenance. C．Long service lifespan and consistent updates. D．All-weather adaptability and complete safety. 2．What is the main function of the fungus in the capsules? A．To protect the seeds from being damaged. B．To provide food for insects and animals. C．To enhance root growth and soil health. D．To help break the capsules into pieces. 3．How does the author present his ideas in paragraph 4? A．By analyzing reasons and stating results. B．By listing statistics and giving examples. C．By giving a definition and making a contrast. D．By making comparisons and quoting an expert. 4．What can be inferred about the technology according to the last paragraph? A．It holds great promise despite present barriers. B．It makes advances in large-scale application. C．It can easily adapt to diverse ecosystems. D．It removes restrictions to sustainability. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了利用自主无人机进行重新造林的革命性实践及其优势、技术核心、应用案例、面临的挑战和前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These drones, which work with high precision, are particularly effective in restoring large areas of forests damaged by wildfires and heavy logging. Reports show they can plant trees up to ten times faster than traditional methods, greatly boosting sustainability.(这些无人机以高精度工作，在恢复受野火和大量砍伐破坏的大片森林方面特别有效。报告显示，它们种植树木的速度比传统方法最多快十倍，大大提高了可持续性)”可知，无人机重新造林的主要优势是高精度和高效率。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Each drone carries hundreds of biodegradable capsules. These capsules contain not only seeds but also nutrients and fungi, which help the roots thrive in harsh conditions.(每架无人机携带数百个可生物降解的胶囊。这些胶囊不仅含有种子，还含有营养物质和真菌，这些物质有助于根系在恶劣条件下茁壮成长)”可知，胶囊中真菌的主要功能是增强根系生长和土壤健康。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Initial trials in wildfire-hit Kumamoto have achieved remarkable success, with an 80% germination (萌芽) rate, much higher than the 30-50% of manual methods. This success has drawn international attention: the US and the UK have adopted similar AI-led drones for reforestation in hard-to-access areas, showing great global promotion potential.(在受野火袭击的熊本进行的初步试验取得了显著成功，发芽率达到80%，远高于人工方法的30%至50%。这一成功引起了国际关注：美国和英国已经在难以进入的地区采用了类似的由人工智能主导的无人机进行重新造林，显示出巨大的全球推广潜力)”可推知，作者在第四段中通过列出统计数据和举例来表达他的观点。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the achievements, challenges remain. Scaling up the project requires huge investment and may face hurdles like airspace restrictions. Additionally, the technology needs to adapt to diverse ecosystems with varying soil and climate. However, these drones bring bright prospects for global sustainability, with potential applications in restoring biodiversity, rehabilitating coral reefs and reversing desertification, playing a positive role in global ecological protection.(尽管取得了成就，但挑战依然存在。扩大项目规模需要巨额投资，并可能面临空域限制等障碍。此外，这项技术需要适应不同土壤和气候的多样化生态系统。然而，这些无人机为全球可持续发展带来了光明的前景，在恢复生物多样性、修复珊瑚礁和逆转荒漠化方面具有潜在的应用价值，在全球生态保护中发挥着积极作用)”可推知，尽管存在障碍，但这项技术仍有很大的前景。故选A。 Passage 4 【新情境·手势在沟通中的作用】（2026·四川绵阳南山中学高三第六次教学质量检测）As someone who studies communication, I’d noticed how some speakers seemed instantly clearer when they gestured. This made me wonder: Do gestures actually make communicators more effective? The short answer is yes, but only when the gestures visually represent the idea you’re talking about. Researchers call these movements “illustrators”. When talking about distance, you might spread your hands apart while saying something is“farther away”. When explaining how two concepts relate, you might bring your hands together while saying“these ideas fit together”. When describing how the market demand “is going up and down”, you could visually show a wave shape with your hands. To study gestures at scale, my team and I analyzed 200,000 video segments (片段) from more than 2,000 TED talks using AI tools that can detect and classify hand gestures frame by frame. We paired this with controlled experiments in which our study participants evaluated entrepreneurs (创业者) presenting a product. The same pattern of results appeared in both settings. In the AI-analyzed TED Talk data, illustrative gestures predicted higher audience evaluations, reflected in more than 33 million online“likes” of the videos. And in our experiments, 1,600 participants rated speakers who used illustrative gestures as more clear, competent and persuasive. What I found is that these gestures give listeners a visual shortcut to your meaning. They make abstract ideas feel more concrete, helping listeners build a mental picture of what you’re saying. This makes the message feel easier to process — a phenomenon psychologists call “processing fluency”. And we found that when ideas feel easier to grasp, people tend to see the speaker as more competent and persuasive. But not all gestures help. Movements that don’t match the message — like random waving, fidgeting (坐立不安) or pointing to things in the space — offer no such benefit. In some cases, they can even distract. A practical takeaway: Focus on clarity over planned gestures. Think about where your hands naturally illustrate what you’re saying — emphasizing size, direction or emotion — and let them move with purpose. 1．Why are the examples mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To compare different types of gestures. B．To show how gestures reflect spoken ideas. C．To explain why gestures attract attention. D．To list common mistakes in public speaking. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By reviewing talks and testing audiences. B．By judging the overall quality of talks. C．By collecting online likes for some talks. D．By attending many live TED talks. 3．What can be inferred about listeners when speakers use illustrative gestures? A．They give priority to visual meaning. B．They notice more gestures than content. C．They judge the speaker more favorably. D．They show less interest in abstract ideas. 4．What is the author’s suggestion to speakers? A．Designing some gestures in advance. B．Keeping gestures purposeful and relevant. C．Reducing gestures to avoid distraction. D．Focusing on the frequency of gestures. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了手势在沟通中的作用，通过研究和分析表明，与所表达内容相匹配的说明性手势能提升沟通效果，使演讲者显得更有能力且更具说服力，同时作者也给出了关于使用手势的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“As someone who studies communication, I’d noticed how some speakers seemed instantly clearer when they gestured. This made me wonder: Do gestures actually make communicators more effective? The short answer is yes, but only when the gestures visually represent the idea you’re talking about. Researchers call these movements “illustrators”. When talking about distance, you might spread your hands apart while saying something is “farther away”. When explaining how two concepts relate, you might bring your hands together while saying “these ideas fit together”. When describing how the market demand “is going up and down”, you could visually show a wave shape with your hands. (作为一名研究沟通的人，我注意到一些演讲者在做手势时似乎立刻变得更清晰了。这让我思考：手势真的能让沟通者更有效吗？简短的回答是肯定的，但前提是手势在视觉上代表了你正在谈论的想法。研究人员称这些动作为“说明性手势”。当谈论距离时，你可能会在说“更远”时将双手分开。当解释两个概念之间的关系时，你可能会在说“这些想法很契合”时将双手合在一起。当描述市场需求“上下波动”时，你可以用手直观地展示波浪形状。)”可知，第一段通过举例说明手势在视觉上代表了所谈论的想法，即展示了手势如何反映口语表达的内容。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“To study gestures at scale, my team and I analyzed 200,000 video segments (片段) from more than 2,000 TED talks using AI tools that can detect and classify hand gestures frame by frame. We paired this with controlled experiments in which our study participants evaluated entrepreneurs (创业者) presenting a product. (为了大规模研究手势，我和我的团队使用可以逐帧检测和分类手势的人工智能工具，分析了2000多场TED演讲中的20万个视频片段。我们将其与对照实验相结合，在实验中，我们的研究参与者对展示产品的创业者进行了评估。)”以及第三段“The same pattern of results appeared in both settings. In the AI-analyzed TED Talk data, illustrative gestures predicted higher audience evaluations, reflected in more than 33 million online “likes” of the videos. And in our experiments, 1,600 participants rated speakers who used illustrative gestures as more clear, competent and persuasive. (在两种情况下都出现了相同的结果模式。在人工智能分析的TED演讲数据中，说明性手势预示着更高的观众评价，反映在超过3300万个视频在线“点赞”上。在我们的实验中，1600名参与者认为使用说明性手势的演讲者更清晰、更有能力、更有说服力。)”可知，研究人员通过回顾演讲和测试观众来开展研究。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“And in our experiments, 1,600 participants rated speakers who used illustrative gestures as more clear, competent and persuasive. (在我们的实验中，1600名参与者认为使用说明性手势的演讲者更清晰、更有能力、更有说服力。)”可知，当演讲者使用说明性手势时，听众对演讲者的评价更积极，即听众对演讲者的判断更有利。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A practical takeaway: Focus on clarity over planned gestures. Think about where your hands naturally illustrate what you’re saying — emphasizing size, direction or emotion — and let them move with purpose. (一个实用的收获：注重清晰度，而不是预先计划好的手势。想想你的手自然地说明了你所说的话——强调大小、方向或情感——让它们有目的地移动。)”可知，作者建议演讲者让手势自然阐释所说内容，保持手势的目的性和相关性。故选B项。 Passage 5 【新情境·微波真空干燥技术】（2026·广东湛江市八校联考）It’s hard to stop after eating a single potato chip — and that’s kind of their whole problem. The deep-fried, popular salty snack is loaded with unhealthy fats, oils, and other u$ 专题04 阅读理解——普通说明文（阅读C篇） 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：说明文中的细节理解，推理判断，作者的观点和态度，写作目的，写作手法，推测文章走势，主旨大意 说明文专项训练 1.考查预测文章走势 1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测） The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day — and 22 degrees Fahrenheit hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms. According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University. The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard” to civil infrastructure in cities with softer ground — especially those near water — Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change. Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own. But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. 1．What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”? A．They only exist in the United States. B．They can damage the ground around. C．They can develop underground structures. D．They have no impact on the surrounding environment. 2．Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3? A．To discuss structural issues. B．To categorize climate change. C．To explain underground heat. D．To emphasize the neglected reality. 3．What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows? A．The cost of maintaining structures. B．The future of tunnels and basements. C．The reusing approaches of heat energy. D．The evolution of underground environment. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Urban Silent Islands in the Making B．A Silver Lining of Global Warming C．A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago D．Warming Underground, Weakening Surface 2.（2026·河南濮阳市第一高级中学检测）Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate calculations for the predicted earthquakes. The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of upcoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth. This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earthquakes coming,” explains Alexandros, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (Tex Net). “It’s a matter of life and death, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help reduce economic and human losses and has the potential to significantly improve earthquake preparation worldwide.” While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. Therefore, the next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau Tex Net has 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes. Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This way could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director. 1．How does the AI forecast earthquakes? A．By identifying data from the satellites. B．By analyzing background sounds in the Earth. C．By modeling data based on earthquake recordings D．By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field. 2．What does Alexandros intend to show in paragraph 3? A．The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes. B．The importance of preparing for earthquakes. C．The significance of developing the AI prediction. D．The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction. 3．What does the follow-up research focus on? A．Conducting tests in the location of Texas. B．Building more earthquake stations in Texas. C．Train the AI calculation accuracy. D．Applying the AI approach to other fields. 4．Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology? A．Stable but outdated. B．Effective but costly. C．Potential and economical. D．Advanced and promising. 3.（2026·浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟）When people “choke under pressure,” it’s often at times when success could result in a big payoff - maybe they’re an athlete at a championship match or an actor performing for a famous director. Now, a study in monkeys helped reveal why. The study involved three monkeys completing tasks to get a reward - in this case, water to drink. The task was a test of speed and accuracy, in which the monkeys were trained to reach for a target on a screen. The monkeys had to wait for a cue to begin reaching and then hold that position for a time. The color of the cue corresponded with the size of their potential reward for doing so accurately, from small to big. The monkeys performed their best when the prize was a medium to large volume of water. But when they could win an unusually large prize, they underperformed, or choked under pressure. “They were too slow,” said first study author Adam Smoulder. “It was as if they were worried about missing the target and focusing so much on what they were doing that they’d run out of time.” During the experiment, the scientists tracked the activity of the monkeys’ brains and found these performance issues caused by the promise of a big prize arose from impaired (受损的) motor preparation. Motor preparation, in which the brain prepares to make a motion, like reaching with a hand, mainly takes place in parts of the brain that have an “optimal (最佳的) zone”. The new study shows that the size of a reward determines whether the brain reaches this optimal zone. The presence of a reward pushes the brain toward this optimal place, but when the reward gets too large, it goes beyond it. The researchers now hope to explore whether they could help bring about these “optimal” brain patterns to help someone perform at their best. “We would love to understand how we can make psychological training a little bit more formal and repeatable,” Adam said. 1．How could the monkeys know the size of the reward? A．By observing the color of the cue. B．By touching the screen to get a cue. C．By looking at the amount of water given. D．By measuring the time of holding the target. 2．Why did the monkeys perform poorly in the high-reward situation? A．They were too cautious to take action. B．They were too excited to stay focused. C．They were too confused to make choices. D．They were too stressed to identify the color. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The brain. B．The reward. C．The optimal zone. D．The prepared motion. 4．What will the researchers do next? A．Confirm their research findings. B．Explore different brain patterns. C．Find ways to unlock people’s potential. D．Optimize psychological training methods. 2.考查写作态度 1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, was more than 120 years ago, in the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, often occur as a moment of insight, which typically involves quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, simplifying learning approaches or avoiding digital distractions, can increase the number of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those signals with the ballooning use of technology, stuffing every moment with an endless supply of content. Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them — to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale (尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5 insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance. Contributive to measuring and improving individual and organizational performance, the Scale can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth. For organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. It’s indeed essential to make space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface. 1．What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stabilizing. B．Exploding. C．Shifting. D．Collapsing. 2．According to the passage, how can the amount of insights be increased? A．By making due pauses in your work schedule. B．By consuming boundless social media content. C．By avoiding distracting quiet signals in your brain. D．By adopting additional training and coaching approaches. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights. B．Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight. C．Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation. D．A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations? A．Uncertain. B．Optimistic. C．Tolerant. D．Dissatisfied. 2.（2026·湖北十堰市郧阳中学月考）Deep beneath the forest floor, a silent conversation is taking place, hidden from the human eye. While trees may seem like isolated individuals competing for sunlight, recent scientific research confirms they are actually connected through a complex underground network of fungi (真菌). This biological infrastructure, often nicknamed the “Wood Wide Web,” allows trees to share vital nutrients and, more surprisingly, warn each other of upcoming environmental threats. Ecologist Dr. Elena Rose has spent decades studying how older, larger trees — often referred to as “Mother Trees” — act as centre for this network. These magnificent elders possess the most extensive root systems, which allow them to connect to hundreds of younger trees. Through these fungal links, Mother Trees can identify their own family and provide them with a little extra sugar or nitrogen to increase their chances of survival in the shaded understory. However, their role goes far beyond simple feeding. When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals, effectively preparing themselves for a battle they haven’ t yet seen. This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood. Unfortunately, this ancient communication system is being disrupted by human activity. Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress. It’s like a city losing its main power station; without the centre, the entire grid suffers. Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.” 1．How do “Mother Trees” help younger trees according to the text? A．By providing them with shade from the sun. B．By transmitting warning signals about threats. C．By blocking pests from reaching the saplings. D．By competing for more sunlight and space. 2．What is the author’s attitude toward the collective defense mechanism of forests? A．Doubtful B．Unconcerned C．Admiring D．Disappointed 3．What can we infer about modern logging practices from paragraph 4? A．They focus on planting more young saplings. B．They help strengthen the underground fungal network. C．They may unintentionally weaken the forest’s health. D．They are becoming more environmentally friendly. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the different species of fungi in forests. B．To complain about the slow growth of young trees. C．To encourage the use of wood in modern construction. D．To emphasize the value of tree networks in conservation. 3.考查主旨大意 1.（2026·广东省佛山市荣山中学月考）New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient. Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Ability to apply new technologies. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Speed of learning new languages. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who often uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．What does the underlined word “assimilate” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Rely on. B．Take in. C．Benefit from. D．Learn about. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? B．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? D．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? 2.（2026·广东名校联盟质量水平测试）A newly engineered molecule acts like a “rechargeable” solar heat battery, storing sunlight and releasing it on demand. Solar energy has one persistent weakness: it disappears at sunset. Finding a reliable way to store that energy for later use remains one of the biggest obstacles to expanding renewable power. A research team at UC Santa Barbara may have found an unexpected workaround. Instead of relying on conventional batteries, they created a small organic molecule that captures sunlight, locks that energy into its structure, and releases it later as heat. To understand the idea, Nguyen points to a familiar example. “Think of photochromic sunglasses (光致变色太阳镜). When you’re inside, they’re just clear lenses. You walk out into the sun, and they darken on their own. Come back inside, and the lenses become clear again,” Nguyen said. “That kind of reversible change is what we’re interested in. Only instead of changing color, we want to use the same idea to store energy, release it when we need it, and then reuse the material over and over.” To build this molecule, the researchers turned to DNA for inspiration. The pyrimidone structure (嘧啶酮结构) resembles a DNA component that can reversibly change its form when exposed to UV light. By creating a synthetic version, the team designed a molecule capable of repeatedly storing and releasing energy. They worked with Ken Houk, a distinguished research professor at UCLA, using computational modeling to understand how the molecule can hold energy while remaining stable for years. “We prioritized a lightweight, compact molecule design,” Nguyen said. “For this project, we cut everything we didn’t need. Anything that was unnecessary, we removed to make the molecule as compact as possible.”Unlike solar panels that generate electricity, this system stores solar energy in chemical form. The molecule behaves like a coiled spring. When exposed to sunlight, it shifts into a strained, high energy configuration. It remains in that state until triggered by heat or a catalyst, which allows it to return to its original form and release the stored energy as heat. “We typically describe it as a rechargeable solar battery,” Nguyen said. “It stores sunlight, and it can be recharged.” The critical breakthrough for Han’s group was translating high energy density into a tangible result. In the study, the researchers demonstrated that the heat released from the material was intense enough to boil water — a feat previously difficult to achieve in this field. 1．What is the key solution to solar energy’s biggest limitation? A．Using conventional batteries to store solar power B．Applying the new organic molecule to store heat C．Saving sunlight for nighttime electricity production D．Updating solar devices to generate power nonstop 2．Why did the researchers simplify and compact the structure of the molecule? A．To copy the basic form of natural human DNA B．To guarantee its high energy density for boiling water C．To improve its practical performance in real-life application D．To prevent it from changing forms under strong sunlight 3．Which diagram best shows the molecule’s energy storage and release process? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．An Innovative Molecule: Rechargeable Solar Heat Storage B．Daily Applications of Advanced DNA Technology C．Comparison Between Solar Panels and New Batteries D．Simple Methods to Produce Boiling Water 3.（2026·湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟）In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 2．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 3．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution 4.考查写作目的和意图 1.（2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟）Many popular programs promise to increase happiness, but they often require more time and effort than busy people can manage. As a result, most of us find it hard to stick to such demanding routines. This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out? To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. These acts included listing things they felt grateful for, performing an act of kindness, or watching an inspiring video. Each day, people reported how they felt both before and after the activity, which allowed researchers to track changes in their emotions. The results, based on data from participants from more than 200 countries and regions, showed encouraging changes. After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life. People with fewer resources or lower social status often reported an even stronger sense of well-being. The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior (亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. In particular, groups that initially showed less prosocial tendency, such as those in less wealthy regions, demonstrated the most significant growth in this respect. The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, these micro-moments of joy provide a practical and powerful way to help people feel lighter, more connected and more satisfied with life. 1．Why was the Big Joy Project launched? A．To compare different acts of kindness. B．To seek an easier way to enhance happiness. C．To test popular long-term happiness programs. D．To promote major changes in people’s lifestyles. 2．What can we learn about the study results? A．Small acts made a difference. B．Happier people did more micro-acts. C．Prosocial growth centered on rich regions. D．Higher status contributed to stronger gains. 3．What is the main function of paragraph 4? A．To present further findings. B．To detail the research process. C．To draw the core conclusion. D．To offer practical suggestions. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Prosocial Behavior: A Path to Happiness B．Micro-Acts: Small Steps to Greater Happiness C．Big Joy Project: A Strategy for Lifelong Happiness D．Happiness: From Major Achievements to Daily Life 2.（2026·广东云浮中学段性测试（一））In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another “value” in numbers: identification. Despite their cute appearance, clownfish are territorial and aggressive (富于攻击性的). When they spot a member of their own species moving towards their place, they attack, biting and throwing out unwelcome visitors. There are 28 different species of clownfish, however. So how do they actually tell friends from enemies? Depending on the species, clownfish can have anywhere from zero to three white stripes (条纹). Previous research suggested the fish pay close attention to these markings. In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical (垂直的) stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes. This time around, ecologist Hayashi and colleagues assumed the fish could actually count those stripes. They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like “Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. The “native” fish couldn’t run after or bite the newcomers, but they could still rush them and stare them down. And that’s what happened when the newcomers wore the same number of stripes as the resident clownfish. They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones. It turned out that the researchers’ assumption had solid evidence. Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish. “Maybe researchers could further clarify clownfish’s calculating capacity,” adds Rhodes. “An experiment that goes beyond stripes could help. Could these fish learn, for example, to prefer two squares to three squares?” 1．What new use of counting skills have clownfish demonstrated? A．Building up a large group. B．Making out potential threats. C．Finding reliable food sources. D．Measuring the size of their territory. 2．What did the 2022 study about clownfish focus on? A．The way they defend their territory. B．The diversity of their stripe patterns. C．The impact of their aggression on other species. D．The role of stripe patterns in their behavioral reaction. 3．Which of the following is a Nemo-like clownfish most likely to attack? A．A three-striped fish. B．A double-striped fish. C．A fish with one stripe. D．A fish without stripes. 4．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Rhodes in the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To lead to an alternative viewpoint on the study. C．To show appreciation of clownfish’s learning ability. D．To support the researchers’ findings about clownfish. 3.（浙江宁波市镇海中学2026届高三模拟）High-quality medical care relies on easy access to reliable health data, which our electronic device can readily supply. Digital healthcare may well become the next major breakthrough in the way we manage our personal well-being. At first glance, digital healthcare may seem to refer to maintaining the normal function of your electronic equipment. On the contrary, it is a concept referring to a network of interconnected tools capable of tracking and transmitting key health-related data. To fully grasp the promising value of digital healthcare, just reflect on how electronic technology has transformed our daily routines. Take travel as an example. Prior to the popularity of smart phones, web-based translation tools, positioning systems and the Internet, journeys to unknown destinations were extremely inconvenient. People had to rely on paper maps, hire local guides, or frequently turn to strangers for directions. Today, all necessary information can be conveniently stored in your pocket device. The greatest strength of digital healthcare lies in its ability to track critical physical indicators continuously and precisely. Such data can be shared online instantly, enabling medical professionals to obtain abundant records of your daily physical state. Doctors can adjust your medical plans timely based on these real-time statistics! This does not mean patients can completely give up face-to-face medical visits. Still, the real-time health tracking benefits both patients and doctors, making online medical communication practical and effective. Cutting down unnecessary in-person hospital visits also helps improve the overall efficiency of medical services. However, the progress of digital healthcare also raises serious worries over personal privacy, as medical information is highly secret. For example, private patient records may be exploited for commercial promotion. Once health files are uploaded online, preventing illegal access to private data can be challenging. Still, with proper regulation, the advantages of digital healthcare will far exceed its potential risks. 1．Why does the author talk about traveling in Paragraph 3? A．To stress the necessity of digital healthcare. B．To prove the bright future of digital healthcare. C．To show the disadvantages of traditional traveling tools. D．To help readers to realize the power of digital technology. 2．What risk does digital healthcare bring to people? A．Personal health information may be illegally used. B．Higher cost of buying medical monitoring devices. C．Electronic tools may affect people’s physical health. D．Strict laws will limit patients’ access to medical data. 3．The underlined word “exploited” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．collected freely B．stored safely C．misused improperly D．examined carefully 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to protect patients’ online privacy. B．A new technology trend in medical services. C．The weaknesses of traditional medical care. D．Urgent health problems people are facing now. 5.考查推理判断 1.（2026·湖南岳阳摸底）Recent studies indicate that both animals and plants possess the ability to swiftly adapt to challenging environmental conditions to ensure their survival. A study published in the journal Trends in Plant Science explores the rapid adaptation processes of plants in response to climate change and how these adaptive traits are inherited by their offspring (后代). Plants are encountering more environmental challenges than ever. For instance, in numerous regions, the impact of climate change is leading to shorter winter seasons, and plants are adapting accordingly. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These processes allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.” Since plants lack neural systems, their memory functions rely entirely on cellular, molecular (分子的), and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory (体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli. These somatic memories can then be transmitted to the plants’ offspring through epigenetics (表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli. Moving forward, Martinelli aims to gain deeper insights into the specific genes that are being inherited. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic code without changes in DNA sequence (序列),” he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.” 1．How have plants adjusted to shortened cold seasons? A．They have shortened their flowering time. B．They have got more chances to reproduce. C．They have avoided flowering in cold seasons. D．They have adjusted their environmental clock. 2．What can we learn about somatic memory? A．It is completely dependent on neural networks. B．It can enhance the survival of the plants’ offspring. C．It can help relieve environmental stresses. D．It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks 3．What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4? A．Adapting. B．Valuing. C．Recording. D．Sharing. 4．What’s the main idea conveyed in the text? A．Plants are smart about flowering time. B．Plants are also capable of adapting to climate change. C．Environmental pressures challenge plants. D．The secrets of plant genes are to be uncovered. 2.（2026·山东德州市一模）You’ve followed all sleep experts’ advice — going to bed on time, avoiding afternoon coffee, and keeping your bedroom cool as you like, dark with no light on, and quiet as possible — yet you still toss and turn. Glancing at the silver light through the curtains, you wonder: Could the full moon be ruining your sleep? Figuring out the moon’s impact on human sleep is challenging, as emotions and expectations often cloud judgments. Many people romanticize full moons, especially special events like harvest or blue moons, while others anticipate restlessness under a full moon, which alone can disrupt sleep. Scientific studies suggest real physiological effects caused by the moon. In a 2013 study, Swiss researchers analyzed data from an experiment in which participants had no idea their sleep was being studied for lunar effects. Around the full moon, participants experienced a 30 percent drop in deep-sleep brain activity, took 5 minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept 20 minutes less overall. They also reported worse sleep quality and had lower levels of melatonin, the hormone (荷尔蒙) that your body releases naturally at night to calm your body down and prepare you for sleep. However, all these studies share one major limitation: they were conducted in sleep laboratories, where the subjects may be disturbed easily by the unfamiliar setting. To address this, University of Washington researchers tracked sleep in real-world environments: three Argentinian communities (urban suburbs, rural village with limited electricity, remote area with no electricity) and 464 Seattle university students. Across all groups, regardless of artificial light access, participants slept less and took longer to fall asleep in the nights leading up to a full moon. The researchers think this may reflect an ancient adaptation: When the moon was brightest, our ancestors likely stayed up later to hunt, socialize, or work by natural light. The sleep changes were most obvious in low-electricity communities, where moonlight remained the main light source at night. Sleep experts note that while the full moon’s effect, up to one hour less sleep, is profound, artificial light from screens likely has an even greater impact on modern sleep. 1．What is the difficulty in studying the moon’s effect on sleep? A．People’s habits and hobbies. B．Health conditions and sleep space. C．Artificial light or noise in the room. D．People’s emotions and anticipations. 2．What did the 2013 Swiss study find about full moons? A．They caused 25 minutes less sleep on average. B．They affected people more in the real world. C．They had less impact on sleep than expected. D．They led to a reduced deep-sleep brain activity. 3．Why did University of Washington researchers adjust study surroundings? A．To compare sleep patterns by age group. B．To analyze the influence of artificial light on sleep. C．To avoid the impact of strange settings on subjects. D．To test whether urban lifestyle cancels lunar effects. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The End of Moonlight Folktales B．City Lights’ effects on Human Sleep C．Moonlight’s battle with artificial light D．The Moon’s Silent Theft of Our Sleep 6.考查细节理解 1.（2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测）As basalt (玄武岩) naturally weathers, it captures CO2, converting it into bicarbonate ions (碳酸氢根离子) in the water, which cannot reenter the atmosphere. Grinding and spreading basalt on farmlands, an approach known as enhanced rock weathering (ERW), has recently gathered steam. But it also has caused polarized viewpoints in terms of trapping CO2 and boosting crop yields. While mining, crushing and transporting these rocks release CO2, those emissions pale in comparison to the amount of CO2 that the rock stores away more permanently. It could remove up to two billion metric tons of CO2 from the air every year were ERW to be scaled up globally, according to David Beerling, a biochemist at the University of Sheffield in England. As great as this would sound, compared with some costly and ecosystem-unfriendly ways, such as CO2-pulling machinery and iron spread across the sea floor to enhance the growth of algae that absorb CO2, some scientists just frown on this idea. Lethal Page had an unpromising result after he conducted an experiment in Malaysia where basalt dust was spread across parts of a palm oil plantation. The dark soil contains more decaying organic matter and more clay than the soil elsewhere. Those charged materials can cling on to the breakdown products of basalt, keeping them from changing CO2 into bicarbonate. “There is a delay in capturing carbon dioxide, which may take somewhere between 5 and 15 years,” Lethal says. Acidity is another complicating factor, according to a trial on tropical sugarcane fields in northeastern Australia. The soil there is acidic, so it can potentially consume the basalt before it has a chance to react with CO2. Initial results show that CO2 capture rates are extremely low. Paul Nelson, a soil scientist at James Cook University who helped lead the study, says it is impossible to fix the problem just by neutralizing acidic soil before adding basalt because in wet tropical areas the acidity extends many meters down, to the bedrock. “ERW is a potentially valuable opportunity to remove CO2, but the aforementioned factors definitely impact its effect, and if companies cut corners, like applying the wrong type of rock or spreading it too thinly, ERW could blow up on the launch pad,” Paul cautions. 1．What is an important feature of basalt? A．It tends to be enveloped by steam. B．It makes for high output of crops. C．It is a useful indicator for weather. D．It disarms a greenhouse gas for good. 2．Why did the Malaysian experiment fall short? A．The soil consumed basalt too slowly. B．Organic matter blocked carbon conversion. C．Clay particles sped up the weathering. D．Bicarbonate formed faster than expected. 3．What is Paul Nelson’s attitude to treating acidic soil before using basalt? A．Enthusiastic. B．Dismissive. C．Reserved. D．Unbiased. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 2.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, leaping from one dry bush to another. As it approaches the first house, the plants around it catch fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to do so: any small flames along its walls quickly die out. There’s no water in sight — the flames are put out by sound waves. This scene is not science fiction. Engineers at an American tech company built a device using low-frequency sound waves to fight fires. “It’s basically vibrating (震动) the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, blocking the chemical reaction,” explains Geoff Bruder, an aerospace engineer who once studied heat engines for NASA． Fire needs heat, fuel and oxygen; taking one of these away will stop the fire. Sound waves push oxygen away from the fuel, preventing the fire getting the air it needs to continue its burning. The company has demonstrated a fire control from as far as 25 feet away. Using sound against fire isn’t new. A U. S. defense research agency studied it over a decade ago. However, a major challenge is to scale up the technology without creating loud or even damaging sound effects. The company overcame this by using infrasound — sound waves at 20 hertz (赫兹) or lower, which humans cannot hear. These waves also travel farther than higher-frequency sounds. The device looks like a metal box attached to the roof. When heat sensors detect a flame, an electric motor drives a piston (活塞) to create infrasound, which travels through metal tubes on the roof, creating a “force field” to put out the fire and prevent the building catching another fire. Experts note that while sound waves can effectively influence fire, they currently work best on smaller flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and large energy companies are game to give it a try: The company is working with two California power suppliers and plans to install fifty pilot units early in 2026. 1．What does the passage begin with? A．A historical review. B．A personal anecdote. C．A scientific explanation. D．A descriptive situation. 2．What is the basic principle behind sound-based firefighting? A．It removes the burning material. B．It cools the fire with vibrations. C．It separates oxygen from the fuel. D．It blocks the heat with natural force. 3．What is a key feature of infrasound? A．It is silent to human ear. B．It is of high-frequency. C．It travels at a fast speed. D．It requires loud volumes. 4．What does “game” in paragraph 6 most likely mean? A．Pleased. B．Ready. C．Afraid. D．Unwilling. 7.考查猜测词义 1.（2026·广东深圳市高三一模）Imagine you are preparing a class presentation when you suddenly remember you forgot to feed the cat. You grab your phone to text your mum, but an ad jumps out: “50 % off your favourite brand!” One tap leads to another; ten minutes later you have looked through reviews, filled a cart and almost missed your own slide. This phenomenon is called “popcorn (爆米花) brain”. The term was introduced in 2011 by researcher David Levy from the University of Washington. It describes a mental state where attention wanders, and thoughts jump quickly from one topic to another — just like popcorn popping rapidly in a hot pan. People with popcorn brain find it hard to concentrate or maintain a clear line of thinking. University of California Researcher Gloria Mark tracked 2,000 American office workers and students in her two-decade study on attention with silent screen recorders and heart-rate belts. In 2004 people stayed on one task for 2.5 minutes on average; by 2020 the figure had fallen to 47 seconds. Heart-rate data showed that every extra switch raised a stress hormone (荷尔蒙) by about 7 %. Studies show that digital technology, especially social media, worsens this condition. Data Reportal’s 2024 report pooled screen-time records from 1.3 million users in 40 countries and found further proof. For instance, people in America aged 16–24 averaged 7 hours 3 minutes online per day, equaling roughly 17 years of adult life. Such constant digital exposure trains the brain to prefer short bursts of information. As a result, focusing on one task becomes harder. Information overload also affects memory, decision-making, and emotional control. The cure, tested in follow-up trials, is brief: set clear tech boundaries. Recommended strategies include limiting daily screen time, turning off non-essential notification, and creating tech-free periods or spaces. Building a structured daily routine is also advised: individuals can begin by measuring their current focus duration, then set realistic goals and stick to a fixed schedule for important tasks. This consistent practice strengthens habits and prepares your mind and body to focus on the task for a longer period without getting popcorn brain. 1．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 1? A．By defining a concept. B．By providing statistics. C．By giving an example. D．By introducing a presentation 2．What can be inferred from the data in Gloria Mark’s study? A．Attention on a task dropped half in decades. B．Frequent switching may increase mental stress. C．People’s average screen time decreased steadily. D．Shortened screen time may lead to higher heart disease risk. 3．What does the underlined word “pooled” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Evaluated. B．Created C．Published. D．Collected. 4．According to the passage, how can we prevent getting “popcorn brain”? A．Setting aside no-device areas. B．Changing daily schedules flexibly. C．Using more advanced digital devices. D．Checking essential notification regularly. 2.（2026·江苏苏州市七校联考模拟）Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not. For proof, imagine a world where every detail you ever came across was carved indelibly in your mind. Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering. We don’t need to stick to just our armchair-philosophizing, however. Thanks to the wonderful combinatory magic genetics pulls off at each birth, we’ve had a few individuals on Earth who are unable to forget anything. Solomon Shereshevsky, for instance, could memorize lists of arbitrary (任意的) numbers, words, and nonsense syllables with perfect recall, even decades later. At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable. What most miss about forgetting is that it is not a design flaw (缺陷). It’s a feature. In fact, the ability to forget is fundamental to learning. It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain determine what matters most given the context we are in. Research suggests that forgetting is an active process involving brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which help us manage the inflow and outflow of information. Forgetting is not our memory failing on us as much as it is our memory being better used. And here is where we meet the concept of the forgetting curve (曲线). First described by Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the forgetting curve tracks how quickly we lose information over time without reinforcement (巩固). Within hours of learning something new, we begin to forget it. Rapidly at first, then more slowly over time. The key insight of those who have followed Ebbinghaus is that this curve is not fixed. On the contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves. 1．What does the underlined word “indelibly” in the first paragraph mean? A．Permanently. B．Violently. C．Chaotically. D．Effortlessly. 2．What did Shereshevsky think of his ability? A．A design flaw. B．A real blessing. C．A mental burden. D．A rare talent. 3．How does forgetting contribute to learning? A．It prevents the flow of information. B．It pushes people to review regularly. C．It activates brain regions responsible for learning. D．It allows the brain to prioritize important information. 4．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Keep learning new things. B．Intervene in the forgetting process. C．Accept forgetting as a natural part of life. D．Explore a fixed pattern of the forgetting curve. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 介绍书籍《Mindshift》(T1) 动物的文化行为(T2); 无人机造林(T3); 创手势在沟通中的作用(T4)；微波真空干燥技术(T5) 阅读理解记叙文 Passage 1 【新情境·介绍书籍《Mindshift》】（2026届福建泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（一））Have you ever thought, “Maybe this is all I’m ever meant to be?” Many of us are trapped by labels like “not talented enough” — as if life were a one-way road with no turns. Barbara Oakley’s Mindshift works like a wise guide, helping us remove these mental blocks. It doesn’t offer empty encouragement, but breaks down the science behind change. The first part of the book tells stories of ordinary people who dared to reshape their lives. Graham Keir, a musician, once believed he had “no brain for science” and today walks the halls of medical school. Or Ali, who once struggled with basic maths, only to later master coding (编程) and earn multiple promotions. These are not tales of sudden genius, but of imperfect practice through setbacks and slow progress. Oakley introduces a powerful concept — second-skilling. In today’s fast-changing world, relying on just one area of expertise is risky. Developing a second skill can make you more adaptable. If the first part helps us see what’s possible, the second is a guide for making it happen. Oakley draws on interviews with dozens of career changers to show what strategies worked and what pitfalls to avoid. Beyond learning from others, the book’s second part offers honest advice for quieting self-doubt and turning learning from a chore into a habit. One of the book’s most valuable insights is that what matters is not “intense practice every day”, but “practise every day, without fail”. Even fifteen minutes daily sends steady signals that quietly reshape your brain. That said, the book’s perspective isn’t universal. Rooted in a Western context, it draws largely on stable professionals — leaving quieter questions about those facing real hardship. And while it prioritises practice over passion, some may find this approach cool to the touch. Yet perhaps that coolness is its strength: it doesn’t sell miracles, but offers a solid framework. After reading, you may not have all the answers. But you might ask: “Could what I once thought impossible actually be within reach?” Ultimately, Mindshift gives something better: a mind open and flexible, ready for change. And that, perhaps, is the truest mindshift of all. 1．What can we learn about Mindshift from paragraph 1? A．It describes life as a fixed path. B．It emphasises the importance of talent. C．It helps overcome inner obstacle for change. D．It provides readers with emotional comfort. 2．What do the examples of Graham and Ali mainly show? A．The value of second-skilling. B．The power of sudden genius. C．The importance of passion. D．The risk of changing careers. 3．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Complicated skills. B．Hidden traps. C．Strong biases. D．Imagined threats. 4．What is the author’s overall attitude towards Mindshift? A．Cautiously opposed. B．Appreciative yet critical. C．Highly favourable. D．Imagined threats. Passage 2 【新情境·动物的文化行为】（2026·河北唐山市高三第一次模拟）More than 50 years ago, Jane Goodall stunned the scientific community by reporting that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania were using tools to extract insects out of their nests. This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. Louis Leakey, Goodall’s advisor, famously responded: “Now we must redefine ‘tool’, redefine ‘man’, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Today, overwhelming evidence shows that many species learn from one another, developing cultural behaviors that can be passed down across generations. A recent special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B presents studies ranging from whales to wallabies, demonstrating that socially learned behavior is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. These findings are already influencing conservation practices, from reintroductions to managing conflicts between humans and wildlife over habitat use. This focus on learning has also led to the growing idea of “longevity (长寿) conservation.” Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. At the same time, scientists are studying how these animals maintain their health over decades or even centuries, discovering biological strategies that help resist diseases and repair cells. These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? Understanding animal culture also casts doubt on proposals such as “de-extinction,” which aims to bring extinct species back to life. As a conservation strategy, this is fundamentally unworkable. Without older individuals to pass on knowledge, recreated animals would lack the skills needed to survive. The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. 1．Why was Goodall’s discovery considered shocking at the time? A．She challenged her advisor. B．Louis commented on it publicly. C．Chimpanzees were rarely studied. D．Only humans were believed to use tools. 2．What can be inferred about animals’ learned behavior? A．It is affected by genes. B．It expands their habitats. C．It is critical for their survival. D．It settles human-wildlife conflicts. 3．What role do older animals play according to longevity conservation? A．Protectors of habitats. B．Defenders against diseases. C．Designers of migration routes. D．Carriers of ecological wisdom. 4．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To honor Jane Goodall’s work. B．To urge a rethink of animals’ cultures. C．To compare animal cultural behaviors. D．To propose new species revival technologies. Passage 3 【新情境·无人机造林】（2026届山东滨州市高三一模）A reforestation revolution is being led by the innovative use of autonomous drones, a practice that balances deep respect for nature with cutting-edge technology. These drones, which work with high precision, are particularly effective in restoring large areas of forests damaged by wildfires and heavy logging. Reports show they can plant trees up to ten times faster than traditional methods, greatly boosting sustainability. The core of this technology lies in the combination of AI and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing. The drones use LiDAR to scan damaged areas and measure the distance between the sensor and the ground. This system assesses key environmental factors such as soil composition, moisture levels and terrain contour, as well as potential risks like erosion and flooding. Then, onboard AI analyzes all these details carefully to precisely determine the best spots for planting native seeds. Each drone carries hundreds of biodegradable capsules. These capsules contain not only seeds but also nutrients and fungi, which help the roots thrive in harsh conditions. After identifying ideal areas, the drones fire the capsules into the soil, covering an area as large as a soccer field in less than an hour. The fungi in the capsules enrich the soil, attracting insects and animals that enable forests to thrive. This effect is also crucial for carbon sequestration, which is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide to prevent it from warming the planet, and is an important part of the strategy against climate change. Initial trials in wildfire-hit Kumamoto have achieved remarkable success, with an 80% germination (萌芽) rate, much higher than the 30 — 50% of manual methods. This success has drawn international attention: the US and the UK have adopted similar AI-led drones for reforestation in hard-to-access areas, showing great global promotion potential. Despite the achievements, challenges remain. Scaling up the project requires huge investment and may face hurdles like airspace restrictions. Additionally, the technology needs to adapt to diverse ecosystems with varying soil and climate. However, these drones bring bright prospects for global sustainability, with potential applications in restoring biodiversity, rehabilitating coral reefs and reversing desertification, playing a positive role in global ecological protection. 1．What are the major advantages of the drone reforestation? A．High accuracy and great efficiency. B．Low expense and easy maintenance. C．Long service lifespan and consistent updates. D．All-weather adaptability and complete safety. 2．What is the main function of the fungus in the capsules? A．To protect the seeds from being damaged. B．To provide food for insects and animals. C．To enhance root growth and soil health. D．To help break the capsules into pieces. 3．How does the author present his ideas in paragraph 4? A．By analyzing reasons and stating results. B．By listing statistics and giving examples. C．By giving a definition and making a contrast. D．By making comparisons and quoting an expert. 4．What can be inferred about the technology according to the last paragraph? A．It holds great promise despite present barriers. B．It makes advances in large-scale application. C．It can easily adapt to diverse ecosystems. D．It removes restrictions to sustainability. Passage 4 【新情境·手势在沟通中的作用】（2026·四川绵阳南山中学高三第六次教学质量检测）As someone who studies communication, I’d noticed how some speakers seemed instantly clearer when they gestured. This made me wonder: Do gestures actually make communicators more effective? The short answer is yes, but only when the gestures visually represent the idea you’re talking about. Researchers call these movements “illustrators”. When talking about distance, you might spread your hands apart while saying something is“farther away”. When explaining how two concepts relate, you might bring your hands together while saying“these ideas fit together”. When describing how the market demand “is going up and down”, you could visually show a wave shape with your hands. To study gestures at scale, my team and I analyzed 200,000 video segments (片段) from more than 2,000 TED talks using AI tools that can detect and classify hand gestures frame by frame. We paired this with controlled experiments in which our study participants evaluated entrepreneurs (创业者) presenting a product. The same pattern of results appeared in both settings. In the AI-analyzed TED Talk data, illustrative gestures predicted higher audience evaluations, reflected in more than 33 million online“likes” of the videos. And in our experiments, 1,600 participants rated speakers who used illustrative gestures as more clear, competent and persuasive. What I found is that these gestures give listeners a visual shortcut to your meaning. They make abstract ideas feel more concrete, helping listeners build a mental picture of what you’re saying. This makes the message feel easier to process — a phenomenon psychologists call “processing fluency”. And we found that when ideas feel easier to grasp, people tend to see the speaker as more competent and persuasive. But not all gestures help. Movements that don’t match the message — like random waving, fidgeting (坐立不安) or pointing to things in the space — offer no such benefit. In some cases, they can even distract. A practical takeaway: Focus on clarity over planned gestures. Think about where your hands naturally illustrate what you’re saying — emphasizing size, direction or emotion — and let them move with purpose. 1．Why are the examples mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To compare different types of gestures. B．To show how gestures reflect spoken ideas. C．To explain why gestures attract attention. D．To list common mistakes in public speaking. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By reviewing talks and testing audiences. B．By judging the overall quality of talks. C．By collecting online likes for some talks. D．By attending many live TED talks. 3．What can be inferred about listeners when speakers use illustrative gestures? A．They give priority to visual meaning. B．They notice more gestures than content. C．They judge the speaker more favorably. D．They show less interest in abstract ideas. 4．What is the author’s suggestion to speakers? A．Designing some gestures in advance. B．Keeping gestures purposeful and relevant. C．Reducing gestures to avoid distraction. D．Focusing on the frequency of gestures. Passage 5 【新情境·微波真空干燥技术】（2026·广东湛江市八校联考）It’s hard to stop after eating a single potato chip — and that’s kind of their whole problem. The deep-fried, popular salty snack is loaded with unhealthy fats, oils, and other unwanted ingredients that are linked with numerous health problems. Unfortunately, those are also the flavor profiles humans are evolutionarily wired to desire. After decades of refining and experimentation, there still isn’t an alternative that provides that perfect (yet still nutritious) flavor profile at a reasonable cost. Even when replacing baking with frying, the cooking heat often still reduces the food’s overall nutritional value. According to Cornell University food scientist Chang Chen, however, combining beets (甜菜) with a technique called Microwave Vacuum Drying (MVD) might be the solution snack lovers have been waiting for. “We wanted to produce a healthy snack from whole vegetables, with all-natural ingredients and high fiber,” he explained in a university profile. “We said, ‘What if we can engineer the process and achieve the same mouthfeel without adding any oil?’” Chen and his team detailed their approach in a study published in the journal Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. MVD removes moisture (水分) from the root vegetable similar to frying or baking, but more quickly and at a lower temperature. Because of this combination of cooking factors, nutrients that normally deteriorate during long drying cycles remain in the food. At the same time, MVD preserves the starch (淀粉) required for a chip’s trademark texture. Potatoes are the go-to for such snacks, yet beets are far more nutritious — they are an excellent fiber source and rich in vitamins and minerals like potassium and iron. Replacing potatoes with beets for chips while keeping the same flavor would not only replace traditional ones but improve them, which the team believes they’ve achieved. They also hold that MVD benefits not just beets but other vegetables such as butternut squash. Chen added they’ll research apple applications too, noting it all boils down to balancing food properties. 1．How does the author illustrate the need to replace traditional potato chips? A．By stressing their high production costs. B．By describing their historical development. C．By presenting their contradictory aspects. D．By comparing them with other salty snacks. 2．What is the advantage of Chang Chen and his team’s alternative? A．It lengthens the food processing time. B．It uses no oil but keeps the mouthfeel. C．It employs a rapid heating system. D．It changes nutritional elements of food. 3．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Change form. B．Exist temporarily. C．Increase greatly. D．Lose effect. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a new food technology. B．To promote the farming of a vegetable. C．To criticize unhealthy eating habits. D．To analyze consumers’ snack preferences. 真题·实战演练 高频考点：说明文中的细节理解，推理判断，作者的观点和态度，写作目的，写作手法，推测文章走势，主旨大意 1.【2022新课标II卷】 Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer. 2.【2024新课标I卷】 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 3.【2024全国甲卷】 Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 4.【2024浙江1月卷】 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 28. What does the project aim to do? A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones. C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming. 29. Who are opposed to the project? A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies. C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton 30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 5.【2022全国甲卷】 Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 6.【2020全国II卷】 When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday. 29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species. C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted. 30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. B. Became mature.   C. Remained stable.  D. Crashed. 31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional. 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $