专题02 Unit 2 Understanding each other-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案-2027届高三英语译林版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦选择性必修四Unit 2及高考高频词汇，通过“语境串记语篇”将react、gesture等12个核心词构建成“沟通理解”主题记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理考点，引导学生自主建立词汇与语境的关联，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于多维度自主学习设计，如“语境复现练习”（语法填空）、“词汇升级”写作运用及“语境串联复盘”自我检测，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。教师可通过学生默写、错题分布精准把握学情，支持个性化复习指导，助力高效备考。

专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：react / gesture / tone / decode / feedback / clarify / intention / empathy / tolerate / negotiate / cooperate / reject （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 2 · Understanding each other + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Good communication is more than words. When my desk mate frowns and says nothing, I try not to react too quickly. A small gesture, a change of tone, or even a long silence can carry a message. My English teacher says that every listener has to decode what is really meant behind the words. Last term our class started a Talk Box. Anyone could drop in a note and get honest feedback from a classmate the next day. If a note was hard to understand, we would meet and clarify it face to face. Slowly we learned to look for the intention behind a complaint, and empathy grew among us. Of course we still argue. But now we tolerate different habits, cooperate on group tasks and negotiate a fair plan instead of shouting at each other. When someone has to reject an idea, he explains why. Understanding each other never happens by accident; it is built, day by day. 【中文译文】 良好的沟通不只是说话。当同桌皱着眉一言不发时，我尽量不那么快就（react）作出反应。一个小小的（gesture）手势、（tone）语气的一点变化，甚至一段长长的沉默，都可能传递着信息。我的英语老师说，每一个听者都必须（decode）解码话语背后真正的含义。 上学期我们班办起了"心里话信箱"。任何人都可以投进一张纸条，第二天就能得到同学诚恳的（feedback）反馈。如果一张纸条难以看懂，我们就当面碰头把它（clarify）说清楚。慢慢地，我们学会了去寻找一句抱怨背后的（intention）意图，（empathy）共情也在我们之间生长起来。 当然我们还是会争吵。但现在我们能（tolerate）容忍彼此不同的习惯，在小组任务上（cooperate）合作，用（negotiate）协商出一个公平的方案来代替相互吼叫。当有人不得不（reject）拒绝一个提议时，他会说明理由。相互理解从来不会凭空发生，它是被一天一天建起来的。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：不急着反应→留意手势→分辨语气→解码言外之意→给出反馈→当面澄清→读懂意图→生出共情→包容差异→协商方案→彼此合作→有理由地拒绝 记忆链：react → gesture → tone → decode → feedback → clarify → intention → empathy → tolerate → negotiate → cooperate → reject Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 react /riˈækt/ vi. 作出反应；回应；起化学反应 ⚡考点：react to sth. 对…作出反应；react against 反抗；reaction n. 反应；in reaction to 作为对…的反应 2 gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ n. 手势；姿态；表示 vi./vt. 打手势 ⚡考点：a gesture of respect/goodwill 表示敬意/善意；make a gesture 做手势；gesture to sb. to do 3 tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；音调；色调 vt. 使更结实 ⚡考点：in a gentle/angry tone 用温和/生气的语气；tone of voice 说话口吻；set the tone 定基调 4 decode /ˌdiːˈkəʊd/ vt. 解码；破译；解读（含义） ⚡考点：decode a message 破译信息；decode sb.'s meaning 解读用意；反义词encode v. 编码；decoder n. 解码器 5 feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈；反馈意见（不可数） ⚡考点：give/receive feedback 给出/得到反馈；positive feedback 正面反馈；feedback on sth. 关于…的反馈 6 clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 澄清；阐明；使清楚 ⚡考点：clarify a point/one's position 阐明观点/立场；clarification n. 澄清；clarity n. 清晰；clear adj. 清楚的 7 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图；目的；打算 ⚡考点：with the intention of doing 意在做…；have no intention of doing 无意做…；intend v. 打算；intentional adj. 故意的 8 empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. 同理心；共情；感同身受 ⚡考点：empathy for/with sb. 对某人的共情；show empathy 表现出同理心；empathize v. 共情；辨析sympathy 同情 9 tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 容忍；忍受；容许 ⚡考点：tolerate doing sth.（不接不定式）；tolerance n. 宽容；tolerant adj. 宽容的（be tolerant of）；intolerable adj. 无法忍受的 10 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vi./vt. 谈判；协商；商定 ⚡考点：negotiate with sb. about/over sth. 就…与某人协商；negotiation n. 谈判；under negotiation 在协商中 11 cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作；配合；协助 ⚡考点：cooperate with sb. in/on sth. 在…上与某人合作；cooperation n. 合作；in cooperation with 与…合作 12 reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ /ˈriːdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；拒收；否决 n. 不合格品 ⚡考点：reject an offer/a proposal 拒绝提议；rejection n. 拒绝；辨析refuse to do 拒绝做 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. react /riˈækt/ vi. 作出反应；回应；反抗；起化学反应 【核心考点】 react是人际沟通与科普语篇的双高频动词，读后续写中描写人物即时反应几乎必用。核心搭配react to sth.（对…作出反应，注意介词只能用to，不可用for/at，这是高考经典易错点）；react against sth.（反抗；抵制）；react with…（与…发生化学反应）；react quickly/calmly/angrily（迅速/冷静/愤怒地作出反应）。名词reaction n.（反应）→ in reaction to（作为对…的反应）、a chain reaction（连锁反应）、one's first reaction（第一反应）；形容词reactive adj.（反应性的）。辨析：react（对刺激作出即时、常为本能的反应）vs respond（有意识地作答或回应，语体较正式）vs answer（回答问题）vs reply（答复，多指书面或口头回复）。沟通类主题句常用Don't react before you listen. 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ act（行动，act）→ 对外来的动作回以一个动作→ 作出反应。联想：act"做；行动"→ action（行动）、active（积极的）、actor（演员）、interact（互动→在彼此之间行动）、react（回应→回过来行动）、transaction（交易→跨过去做）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：react vi. （与…）起化学反应。熟义"作出反应"之外，react在化学语境中表示物质间发生反应，如Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust（铁与水和空气反应生成铁锈）。此义在科普说明文与语法填空中常与with搭配出现，需与react to区分开。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Children usually react to a gentle voice far more quickly than to an angry order."（比起生气的命令，孩子们对温和的声音往往反应快得多。）（经典原句·react 作出反应） 【搭配词块】 react to sth. 对…作出反应 / react against 反抗 / reaction n. 反应 / in reaction to 作为对…的反应 2. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ n. 手势；姿势；姿态；表示 vi./vt. 打手势示意 【核心考点】 gesture是"相互理解"主题的标志性名词，非语言交际类阅读必考。作名词：make a gesture（做个手势）、a gesture of respect/goodwill/friendship（表示敬意/善意/友好的姿态）、hand gestures（手势）、body language and gestures（肢体语言与手势）。作动词：gesture to/at sb.（向某人打手势）、gesture (to) sb. to do sth.（示意某人做某事）。辨析：gesture（有交际含义的手势或象征性姿态，可抽象）vs signal（发出的信号，可为声光）vs movement（一般的动作、移动）vs posture（身体的姿势、体态）。注意a gesture of…既可指具体手势，也可指抽象的"表示…的举动"，后者是高考高分表达。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gerere"携带；举止；做"→ gestus"举止；动作"+ -ure（名词后缀）→ 身体做出的动作→ 手势；姿态。联想：gest/ger"带；做"→ suggest（建议→在下面带出想法）、digest（消化→分开带走）、register（登记）、gesture（举止→手势）、exaggerate（夸大）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：gesture n. （表示某种情感或意图的）姿态；表示。熟义"手势"之外，gesture常指一种象征性的善意举动，如a gesture of goodwill（善意的表示）、a nice gesture（一个暖心的举动），此时并不涉及具体的手部动作。此义在2025年高考真题与书面表达中都极为实用。 【真题原句】 （2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空·as a gesture of respect）"A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side."（有风度的赢家总是只以一两目的优势取胜，以此作为对对方的尊重之意。）（真题原句·gesture 姿态；表示） 【搭配词块】 a gesture of respect 敬意的表示 / make a gesture 做手势 / hand gestures 手势 / gesture to sb. to do 示意某人做 3. tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；口吻；音调；色调；气氛 vt. 使更健美 【核心考点】 tone是高考"作者态度题"与人物描写的关键名词。常用搭配in a gentle/firm/angry/apologetic tone（用温和/坚定/生气/道歉的语气）、tone of voice（说话的口吻）、change one's tone（改变语气）、set the tone for（为…定下基调）、the tone of the passage（文章的基调）。做阅读时"What is the tone of the text?"这一提问方式常与Objective客观、Critical批判、Humorous幽默等选项搭配。形容词tonal adj.（声调的）；注意汉语拼音的"声调"就是tone。辨析：tone（说话的语气或文章基调，含情感色彩）vs voice（嗓音本身）vs accent（口音；重音）vs manner（举止方式）。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语tonos"绷紧；弦的张力"→ 琴弦绷紧的程度决定音高→ 音调→ 引申为说话的语气、文章的基调。联想：ton"张力；音"→ tone（音调；语气）、tune（曲调）、monotonous（单调的，mono一个+ ton音）、intonation（语调）、tension（紧张→拉紧）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tone n. 色调；色度。熟义"语气"之外，tone在描写画面与环境时指颜色的深浅明暗，如warm tones（暖色调）、the soft tones of the evening sky（傍晚天空柔和的色调）。此义在读后续写的环境描写与艺术类阅读中很出彩。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He said the same words again, but this time in such a gentle tone that nobody in the room felt blamed."（他把同样的话又说了一遍，但这一次语气那么温和，屋里没有一个人觉得受到了责备。）（经典原句·tone 语气） 【搭配词块】 in a gentle tone 用温和的语气 / tone of voice 说话口吻 / set the tone 定下基调 / change one's tone 改变语气 4. decode /ˌdiːˈkəʊd/ vt. 解码；破译；译解；解读（言外之意） 【核心考点】 decode是本单元"编码—解码"沟通模型的核心动词，也是信息科技与语言类阅读的高频词。搭配decode a message/a signal/a secret letter（破译信息/信号/密信）、decode sb.'s meaning（解读某人的用意）、decode body language（解读肢体语言）。反义词encode v.（编码；把…译成电码），两词常在同一语篇中成对出现，构成"发送者encode—接收者decode"的完整链条；名词decoder n.（解码器）、code n.（密码；代码）→ crack the code（破译密码）。辨析：decode（把编码信息还原为可懂内容，强调技术性或深层解读）vs interpret（解释含义或口译）vs translate（在两种语言间翻译）vs figure out（口语化，弄明白）。 【词根联想】 de-（去除；相反，un-）+ code（密码；代码）→ 把密码去掉→ 解码；破译。联想：code"码"→ encode（编码，en-使…进入）、decode（解码，de-去除）、codeword（暗号）、dictionary code；同类de-词族→ defrost（除霜）、deforest（毁林）、devalue（贬值）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：decode vt. 解读；领会（言外之意）。熟义"破译密码"之外，decode在人际沟通语境中指读懂话语或表情背后的真实含义，如decode a smile（读懂一个微笑）、learn to decode people（学会看懂别人）。此义正是本单元Understanding each other的主题所在。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国甲卷·阅读C·decoding动名词表"解读"）"Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation."（韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家展开对话，在此过程中，他通过解读他们所传递的思想并加入自己的诠释，也成了这群人中的一员。）（真题原句·decode 解读） 【搭配词块】 decode a message 破译信息 / decode sb.'s meaning 解读用意 / encode v. 编码 / decoder n. 解码器 5. feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈；反馈意见；回授（不可数名词） 【核心考点】 feedback是校园生活、职场沟通与书面表达的超高频名词，务必牢记它是不可数名词：不能说a feedback或feedbacks，要表达"一条反馈"须用a piece of feedback。常用搭配give/offer feedback（给出反馈）、get/receive feedback（得到反馈）、positive/negative feedback（正面/负面反馈）、honest/constructive feedback（诚恳的/有建设性的反馈）、feedback on sth.（关于某事的反馈，介词用on）、in response to feedback（针对反馈）。辨析：feedback（针对表现或作品给出的、用于改进的意见）vs advice（建议，同为不可数）vs comment（评论，可数）vs response（回应；答复）。写信请求指导时"I would appreciate your feedback on my draft."是高分句式。 【词根联想】 feed（喂养；输送）+ back（回来）→ 把系统输出的信息再送回输入端→ 反馈。原为工程学与控制论术语，后泛化到教育与人际沟通领域。联想：feed构成的合成词→ feedback（反馈）、feedstock（原料）、breastfeed（母乳喂养）、well-fed（吃得好的）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The manager asked for honest feedback from every member of the team before the new plan was carried out."（在新方案实施之前，经理向团队每一位成员征求了诚恳的反馈意见。）（经典原句·feedback 反馈） 【搭配词块】 give feedback 给出反馈 / feedback on sth. 关于…的反馈 / positive feedback 正面反馈 / a piece of feedback 一条反馈 6. clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 澄清；阐明；使清楚；使（液体）变清澈 【核心考点】 clarify是议论文与沟通类语篇的高分动词，也是高考阅读"作者写作目的题"选项中的常客（如To clarify a concept 澄清一个概念）。搭配clarify a point/an issue/one's position（阐明观点/问题/立场）、clarify the meaning of…（澄清…的含义）、clarify sth. for sb.（向某人说清某事）；后可接从句clarify what/how/whether…。名词clarification n.（澄清；说明）→ seek/ask for clarification（请求澄清）；clarity n.（清晰；明确）→ with great clarity；形容词clear adj.（清楚的）。辨析：clarify（把含糊之处讲清楚，消除误解）vs explain（说明原因或过程，最通用）vs illustrate（举例或图示说明）vs define（下定义）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语clarus"明亮的；清楚的"+ -ify（动词后缀，表"使…"）→ 使变清楚→ 澄清。联想：clar/clear"清楚"→ clear（清楚的）、clarity（清晰）、declare（宣布→使完全清楚）、clarion（嘹亮的号声）；-ify后缀→ simplify（简化）、purify（净化）、justify（证明正当）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：clarify vt. 使（黄油、液体）澄清、变清澈。熟义"阐明"之外，clarify在烹饪与化学语境中指去除杂质使液体变得清澈，如clarified butter（澄清黄油）。此义虽不常考，但有助于理解clarify"去浊存清"的本义，反过来加深对"澄清观点"的记忆。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Could you please clarify the second point? Half of the class did not follow what you meant."（你能把第二点再说清楚一些吗？班里有一半人没听懂你的意思。）（经典原句·clarify 澄清；阐明） 【搭配词块】 clarify a point 阐明观点 / clarify one's position 表明立场 / clarification n. 澄清 / clarity n. 清晰 7. intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图；目的；打算；意向 【核心考点】 intention是语法填空考查名动转换的常客，也是"读懂对方用意"这一主题的关键词。必背句型with the intention of doing sth.（抱着做某事的意图）、have no intention of doing sth.（无意做某事，注意of后接动名词，不可接不定式）、one's intention is to do sth.（某人的打算是做某事）、good intentions（好意）、read sb.'s intentions（看出某人的用意）。动词intend v.→ intend to do sth.（打算做）、be intended for（专为…而设计）；形容词intentional adj.（有意的；故意的）；副词intentionally adv.（故意地，= on purpose）。辨析：intention（心中的打算，中性）vs purpose（目的，强调要达到的结果）vs aim（目标，含努力方向）vs motive（动机，指内在驱动力）。 【词根联想】 in-（向内，towards）+ tend（拉丁语tendere"伸展；拉紧"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 心思朝某个方向伸展→ 意图；打算。联想：tend"伸展"→ tend（倾向于）、tendency（倾向）、extend（延伸→向外伸）、pretend（假装→在前面伸出个样子）、attend（出席→朝向）、intention（意图→心朝内伸）。 【真题原句】 （2021年1月·浙江卷·阅读C·intentional形容词形式）"Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom."（领导这项研究的凯瑟琳·霍拜特博士说，这是动物界迄今记录到的唯一一种有意图的交流形式。）（真题原句·intention 意图，此处为形容词intentional） 【搭配词块】 with the intention of doing 意在做… / have no intention of doing 无意做… / intend v. 打算 / intentional adj. 故意的 8. empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. 同理心；共情；感同身受的能力 【核心考点】 empathy是"相互理解"主题的灵魂词，也是近年高考情感智力、人工智能与人际关系类语篇的高频名词。搭配empathy for/with sb.（对某人的同理心）、show/feel empathy（表现出/怀有同理心）、a sense of empathy（同理心）、develop empathy（培养同理心）。动词empathize v.（产生共情）→ empathize with sb.（设身处地体会某人的感受）；形容词empathetic/empathic adj.（有同理心的）。教材同义短语put yourself in sb.'s shoes（设身处地为某人着想）是书面表达的加分表达。辨析：empathy（站在对方立场感同身受，强调理解）vs sympathy（对他人不幸的同情与怜悯，含居高临下之嫌）vs pity（怜悯，常带距离感）vs compassion（悲悯，含帮助意愿）。高考写作中"多一分共情"写作show more empathy for others。 【词根联想】 em-（en-的变体，进入…之中，in）+ path（希腊语pathos"感情；痛苦"）+ -y（名词后缀）→ 走进别人的情感之中→ 共情。联想：path"情感；痛苦"→ sympathy（同情，sym-共同）、empathy（共情，em-进入）、apathy（冷漠，a-无）、pathetic（可怜的）、patient（病人→忍受痛苦的人）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her warm empathy for the lonely old man moved everyone in the small mountain village."（她对那位孤独老人的温暖共情打动了这个小山村里的每一个人。）（经典原句·empathy 同理心） 【搭配词块】 empathy for sb. 对某人的共情 / show empathy 表现出同理心 / empathize with 设身处地体会 / put yourself in sb.'s shoes 换位思考 9. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 容忍；忍受；容许；忍受（药物、恶劣条件） 【核心考点】 tolerate是文化差异与人际相处类语篇的核心动词。用法要点：tolerate + n./doing sth.（容忍某事/做某事），绝不可说tolerate to do sth.，这是高考经典易错点；I will not tolerate rudeness.（我绝不容忍无礼）。名词tolerance n.（宽容；忍耐力）→ show tolerance towards（对…表现出宽容）、zero tolerance（零容忍）；形容词tolerant adj.（宽容的）→ be tolerant of/towards sb.（对某人宽容）；intolerable adj.（无法忍受的）；intolerance n.（不容忍）。辨析：tolerate（容忍不喜欢却不去阻止的事，语体较正式）vs bear/stand（忍受痛苦或困难，常用于否定句can't stand）vs put up with（口语化，将就忍受）vs endure（长期坚忍地承受）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语tolerare"承受；支撑"（与tollere"举起"同源）→ 把重担扛起来→ 忍受；容忍。联想：toler"承受"→ tolerate（容忍）、tolerance（宽容）、tolerant（宽容的）、intolerable（无法忍受的）；同源extol（颂扬→高高举起）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tolerate vt. （生物体）耐受；经得起。熟义"容忍"之外，tolerate在生物与医学语境中表示对环境或药物的耐受能力，如These plants can tolerate very low temperatures（这些植物能耐受极低的温度）。此义在科普说明文与生态类阅读中出现频率不低。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A good teacher learns to tolerate different learning styles in one and the same classroom."（一位好老师会学着在同一间教室里容纳各种不同的学习方式。）（经典原句·tolerate 容忍） 【搭配词块】 tolerate doing sth. 容忍做某事 / tolerance n. 宽容 / be tolerant of 对…宽容 / zero tolerance 零容忍 10. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vi./vt. 谈判；协商；商定；顺利通过（难关） 【核心考点】 negotiate是商务、外交与班级议事类语篇的高频动词，写作中替换talk about可显著提档。搭配negotiate with sb. about/over sth.（就某事与某人协商）、negotiate a deal/a contract/a price（商定一笔交易/合同/价格）、negotiate a settlement（谈成和解）。名词negotiation n.（谈判，常用复数negotiations）→ enter into negotiations（开始谈判）、be under negotiation（正在协商中）；negotiator n.（谈判代表）；形容词negotiable adj.（可协商的）→ The price is negotiable.（价格可商量）。辨析：negotiate（通过正式讨论达成一致，双方有让步）vs discuss（讨论，不一定求结果）vs bargain（讨价还价，多指价钱）vs consult（咨询；商议）。 【词根联想】 neg-（不，not）+ oti（拉丁语otium"闲暇"）+ -ate→ 无暇闲坐、忙于事务→ 做生意→ 谈判；协商。联想：neg"否定"→ negative（否定的）、neglect（忽视）、negotiate（谈判→不得闲）；-ate动词后缀→ cooperate（合作）、operate（操作）、separate（分开）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：negotiate vt. 顺利通过；成功越过（障碍、险路）。熟义"谈判"之外，negotiate可表示小心地越过困难地形，如negotiate a sharp bend（顺利转过一个急弯）、negotiate the icy steps（小心走过结冰的台阶）。此义在记叙文与读后续写的旅途描写中很实用。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The two sides have been negotiating for weeks, and an agreement is finally in sight."（双方已经协商了好几个星期，一份协议终于有望达成。）（经典原句·negotiate 协商） 【搭配词块】 negotiate with sb. 与某人协商 / negotiate a deal 商定交易 / negotiation n. 谈判 / negotiable adj. 可协商的 11. cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作；协作；配合；协助 【核心考点】 cooperate是团队与国际关系类语篇的高频动词，书面表达中"通力合作"必备。搭配cooperate with sb.（与某人合作）、cooperate in/on sth.（在某事上合作）、cooperate closely（密切合作）、cooperate fully with the police（全力配合警方）。名词cooperation n.（合作，不可数）→ in cooperation with（与…合作）、international cooperation（国际合作）；形容词cooperative adj.（合作的；乐于配合的）→ a cooperative attitude；副词cooperatively adv.。拼写提示：英式亦作co-operate，高考统一用cooperate。辨析：cooperate（为共同目标一起工作，强调协同）vs collaborate（合作，多指学术、艺术或创作上的深度协作）vs assist（协助，指从旁帮助）vs coordinate（协调，指使各部分配合有序）。 【词根联想】 co-（共同，together）+ oper（拉丁语opus/operis"工作"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 一起工作→ 合作。联想：oper"工作"→ operate（操作）、operation（手术；运作）、opera（歌剧→作品）、cooperate（合作）；co-"共同"→ coexist（共存）、coauthor（合著者）、colleague（同事）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Students who cooperate with one another often finish group tasks faster and much better."（彼此合作的学生往往能更快也更好地完成小组任务。）（经典原句·cooperate 合作） 【搭配词块】 cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 / cooperate on sth. 在…上合作 / cooperation n. 合作 / in cooperation with 与…合作 12. reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ /ˈriːdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；拒收；否决；不录用 n. 不合格品；被淘汰者 【核心考点】 reject是高考阅读与完形的高频动词，注意动词重音在后/rɪˈdʒekt/，名词重音在前/ˈriːdʒekt/。搭配reject an offer/a proposal/an application（拒绝提议/方案/申请）、be rejected by（被…拒收/淘汰）、flatly reject（断然拒绝）。名词rejection n.（拒绝；退稿）→ a rejection letter（拒信）、fear of rejection（害怕被拒）。辨析：reject（因不满意、不合格而正式拒绝接受某人或某物，宾语是"事物或人"）vs refuse（拒绝做某事或拒绝给予，可接to do，reject不可）vs decline（婉言谢绝，语体客气）vs turn down（口语化，回绝）。易错点：refuse to do sth.（拒绝做某事）不能写成reject to do sth.，只能说reject doing sth.或reject + 名词。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ ject（拉丁语jacere"投掷，throw"）→ 把东西扔回去→ 拒收；拒绝。联想：ject"投掷"→ project（项目→向前投）、inject（注射→投入内部）、eject（弹出→向外投）、object（反对→投向对面）、subject（使服从→投到下面）、reject（拒绝→投回去）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reject n. 不合格品；次品；被淘汰的人。熟义动词"拒绝"之外，reject作名词指未能通过检验而被剔除的产品，如factory rejects（工厂次品），也可指落选者。此义重音前移读作/ˈriːdʒekt/，是词汇辨音与词性转换的隐性考点。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·rejected作后置定语）"It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from 'ugly' (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans."（有多少完全能吃的好食物被扔掉，简直令人瞠目——从被食品商拒收的"卖相差"（其实完全可以食用）的蔬菜，到大量被倒进餐馆垃圾桶的剩菜。）（真题原句·reject 拒收） 【搭配词块】 reject an offer 拒绝提议 / be rejected by 被…拒收 / rejection n. 拒绝 / refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事（辨析） Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 react reaction (n.) reactive (adj.) reactor (n.) react to sth. / in reaction to gesture gestures (n.pl.) gestured (v.) gesturing (v.) a gesture of respect / make a gesture tone tones (n.pl.) tonal (adj.) intonation (n.) in a gentle tone / tone of voice decode decoding (v.) decoder (n.) encode (v. 反义) decode a message / decode people feedback feed (v.) fed (v.) --- give feedback / feedback on sth. clarify clarification (n.) clarity (n.) clear (adj.) clarify a point / seek clarification intention intend (v.) intentional (adj.) intentionally (adv.) with the intention of / have no intention of empathy empathize (v.) empathetic (adj.) sympathy (n. 辨析) empathy for sb. / show empathy tolerate tolerance (n.) tolerant (adj.) intolerable (adj.) tolerate doing / be tolerant of negotiate negotiation (n.) negotiator (n.) negotiable (adj.) negotiate with sb. / under negotiation cooperate cooperation (n.) cooperative (adj.) cooperatively (adv.) cooperate with / in cooperation with reject rejection (n.) rejected (v.) rejecting (v.) reject an offer / be rejected by Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）It is jaw-dropping how much good food is thrown away, from "ugly" vegetables __________ (rejection) by grocers to uneaten restaurant dishes. 2.（2023全国甲卷·阅读C·改编）Weiner becomes part of that crowd in the process by __________ (decode) their messages and adding his own interpretation. 3.（2021年1月浙江卷·阅读C·改编）Dr Hobaiter said that this was the only form of __________ (intend) communication ever recorded in the animal kingdom. 4.（2025全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）A decent winner always beats the opponent by no more than one or two points as a __________ (gestures) of respect. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Children usually __________ (reaction) to a gentle voice far more quickly than to an angry order. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）The manager asked for honest __________ (feed) from every member before the new plan was carried out. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Could you please __________ (clarification) the second point? Half of the class did not follow you. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Her warm __________ (empathize) for the lonely old man moved everyone in the small mountain village. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）A good teacher learns to __________ (tolerance) different learning styles in one and the same classroom. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The two sides have been __________ (negotiation) for weeks, and an agreement is finally in sight. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Students who __________ (cooperative) with one another often finish group tasks faster and better. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）He said the same words again, but this time in such a gentle __________ (toned) that nobody felt blamed. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Her polite __________ (reject) of the invitation hurt nobody, because she explained her reason clearly. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Body language, including __________ (gesture) and eye contact, carries as much meaning as words do. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）With the __________ (intend) of making peace, Tom wrote his deskmate a short and warm note. 【答案】 1. rejected 2. decoding 3. intentional 4. gesture 5. react 6. feedback 7. clarify 8. empathy 9. tolerate 10. negotiating 11. cooperate 12. tone 13. rejection 14. gestures 15. intention 【逐题解析】 1. rejected — 提示词rejection（名词）需转过去分词作后置定语，与vegetables构成被动关系。 2. decoding — 提示词decode（动词）需转动名词，介词by后必须接动词-ing形式。 3. intentional — 提示词intend（动词）需转形容词修饰名词communication，意为"有意图的"。 4. gesture — 提示词gestures（复数）需转单数，冠词a后只能接可数名词单数形式。 5. react — 提示词reaction（名词）需转动词原形，主语children为复数，用一般现在时。 6. feedback — 提示词feed（动词）需转名词作宾语，feedback为不可数名词，不加s。 7. clarify — 提示词clarification（名词）需转动词原形，情态动词could后接动词原形。 8. empathy — 提示词empathize（动词）需转名词作主语，由形容词warm修饰，谓语用单数。 9. tolerate — 提示词tolerance（名词）需转动词原形，learn to do sth. 后接动词原形。 10. negotiating — 提示词negotiation（名词）需转现在分词，构成现在完成进行时have been doing。 11. cooperate — 提示词cooperative（形容词）需转动词，who引导定语从句，先行词students为复数。 12. tone — 提示词toned需转名词，in such a gentle tone that… 构成such…that结果状语从句。 13. rejection — 提示词reject（动词）需转名词作主语，由形容词polite修饰，谓语hurt用过去式。 14. gestures — 提示词gesture（单数）需转复数，与eye contact并列泛指各类手势。 15. intention — 提示词intend（动词）需转名词，with the intention of doing 意为"抱着…的意图"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 良好的沟通不只是说话。当同桌皱着眉一言不发时，我尽量不那么快就____________（作出反应）。一个小小的____________（手势）、____________（语气）的一点变化，甚至一段长长的沉默，都可能传递着信息。我的英语老师说，每一个听者都必须____________（解码）话语背后真正的含义。 上学期我们班办起了"心里话信箱"。任何人都可以投进一张纸条，第二天就能得到同学诚恳的____________（反馈）。如果一张纸条难以看懂，我们就当面把它____________（澄清）。慢慢地，我们学会了去寻找一句抱怨背后的____________（意图），____________（共情）也在我们之间生长起来。 当然我们还是会争吵。但现在我们能____________（容忍）彼此不同的习惯，在小组任务上____________（合作），用____________（协商）出一个公平的方案来代替相互吼叫。当有人不得不____________（拒绝）一个提议时，他会说明理由。 【答案】 react; gesture; tone; decode; feedback; clarify; intention; empathy; tolerate; cooperate; negotiate; reject Part 7 关联阅读 Mr Lin, our new head teacher, opened the term with a strange rule: for one whole week nobody in Class Nine was allowed to use the words “you always” or “you never”. At first we laughed at him. Then we found out how often those two phrases slipped out of our mouths. When a classmate arrived late, most of us would react at once and blame him. Mr Lin asked us to slow down, to watch the tone we chose, and to notice the gesture that came with it. His second task was harder. Each of us had to write one honest note to a classmate every Friday, and that classmate had to give feedback the following Monday. Nobody was allowed to reject a note without a reason. If a sentence looked unfriendly, the writer had to clarify what he really meant, face to face. Mr Lin called this “learning to decode people”. Words, he said, are only the surface; the real intention often hides one layer below. A careless reaction, he warned us, could wound a friend for days, so we learned to think before we answered and to answer with kindness. The first two weeks were painful. Two boys who shared a desk almost stopped speaking to each other. Yet by the end of the month something had quietly changed. We began to tolerate small habits that once annoyed us, and we learned to negotiate instead of shouting: who cleans the blackboard, who keeps the window open, who chooses the music before evening study. Groups that used to break apart now cooperate for a whole project, because everybody knows the rules of the game. Looking back, I do not think Mr Lin taught us any grammar at all that month. He taught us empathy. Understanding each other, he told us on the last day, is not a gift that a few lucky people are born with; it is a skill, and like any other skill it grows only with practice. I still catch myself judging people too fast. But now, before I speak, I stop for one second and ask what the other person really means. 1. What was Mr Lin’s rule at the beginning of the term? A. Students had to sit with a new desk mate every week. B. Students were not allowed to blame anyone in class. C. Students had to avoid the words “you always” and “you never”. D. Students were required to keep silent for a whole week. 2. What did the Friday notes and the Monday replies mainly train the students to do? A. To explain their true meaning instead of turning a note down. B. To write longer letters in correct English every single week. C. To choose their closest friends as their writing partners. D. To report unfriendly classmates to the head teacher at once. 3. What change happened in Class Nine after a month? A. The two boys sharing a desk moved to different rows. B. The students spent much less time on their evening study. C. The class won a school prize for its clean blackboard. D. The students settled small daily matters by talking them over. 4. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A. Grammar lessons matter far less than wide reading does. B. Understanding others is an ability that has to be practised. C. Some people are naturally better at making friends than others. D. Judging people quickly saves time in everyday communication. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段开门见山点出林老师的规定——for one whole week nobody in Class Nine was allowed to use the words "you always" or "you never"，即整整一周禁止使用"你总是""你从不"这两个短语，C项与原文完全对应。A项每周换同桌、D项整周保持沉默均属无中生有；B项"不许责怪任何人"是学生自省后的结果，不是规定本身，属偷换概念。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段交代了周五写纸条、周一给feedback的完整流程，并明确Nobody was allowed to reject a note without a reason以及If a sentence looked unfriendly, the writer had to clarify what he really meant，可见这一活动训练的正是"说清真实用意而非一口回绝"，故选A。B项强调把信写长、C项挑最好的朋友当搭档、D项向老师告状，文中均未提及。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段先抑后扬，用tolerate、negotiate、cooperate三个目标词收束：学生们开始容忍彼此的小习惯，并learned to negotiate instead of shouting，随后列举擦黑板、开窗、放音乐等日常琐事，说明他们已能通过商量解决小事，D项是对这一系列细节的准确概括。A项换座位、B项减少晚自习、C项获奖均为文中未提的臆造信息。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段以He taught us empathy点题，作者转述林老师的话Understanding each other…is not a gift that a few lucky people are born with; it is a skill, and like any other skill it grows only with practice，明确指出理解他人不是天赋而是需要练习的能力，B项正是这一主旨的同义转述。A项比较语法与阅读、C项天生更会交友、D项快速评判省时，均与原文相悖或未提。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：react, gesture, tone, decode, feedback, clarify, intention, empathy, tolerate, negotiate, cooperate, reject Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. react — ____________ 2. gesture — ____________ 3. tone — ____________ 4. decode — ____________ 5. feedback — ____________ 6. clarify — ____________ 7. intention — ____________ 8. empathy — ____________ 9. tolerate — ____________ 10. negotiate — ____________ 11. cooperate — ____________ 12. reject — ____________ 13. reaction — ____________ 14. clarification — ____________ 15. tolerance — ____________ 16. negotiation — ____________ 17. cooperation — ____________ 18. rejection — ____________ 19. react to sth. — ____________ 20. with the intention of doing — ____________ 【参考答案】 1. 作出反应；回应 2. 手势；姿态；表示 3. 语气；音调；色调 4. 解码；破译；解读 5. 反馈；反馈意见 6. 澄清；阐明 7. 意图；目的；打算 8. 同理心；共情 9. 容忍；忍受 10. 谈判；协商；商定 11. 合作；配合 12. 拒绝；拒收；否决 13. 反应（名词） 14. 澄清；说明（名词） 15. 宽容；忍耐力（名词） 16. 谈判；协商（名词） 17. 合作（名词） 18. 拒绝；退稿（名词） 19. 对某事作出反应（短语） 20. 抱着做某事的意图（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Most children answer a gentle voice much faster than they answer an angry order. → Most children ____________ to a gentle voice much faster than to an angry order. 2. He raised his hand and made a small movement to show that he agreed with us. → He raised his hand and made a small ____________ to show that he agreed with us. 3. She said the same sentence again, but this time in a much softer way of speaking. → She said the same sentence again, but this time in a much softer ____________. 4. A careful listener can always work out the real meaning behind a short answer. → A careful listener can always ____________ the real meaning behind a short answer. 5. Our teacher asks for honest opinions from us after every group presentation. → Our teacher asks for honest ____________ from us after every group presentation. 6. Could you make the second rule clearer? Many of us did not understand it. → Could you ____________ the second rule? Many of us did not understand it. 7. He wrote the letter with the plan of making peace with his old deskmate. → He wrote the letter with the ____________ of making peace with his old deskmate. 8. What this quiet boy needs most is not money but understanding of his feelings. → What this quiet boy needs most is not money but ____________. 9. A good teacher should put up with different learning styles in one classroom. → A good teacher should ____________ different learning styles in one classroom. 10. The two classes talked over the details of the trip for almost a whole week. → The two classes ____________ the details of the trip for almost a whole week. 11. Students who work together with one another finish group tasks much faster. → Students who ____________ with one another finish group tasks much faster. 12. She said no to the invitation politely, and she explained her reason clearly. → She ____________ the invitation politely, and she explained her reason clearly. 【答案】 1. react 2. gesture 3. tone 4. decode 5. feedback 6. clarify 7. intention 8. empathy 9. tolerate 10. negotiated 11. cooperate 12. rejected Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：react → gesture → tone → decode → feedback → clarify → intention → empathy → tolerate → negotiate → cooperate → reject 复述模板（填空）： 良好的沟通不只是说话；同桌沉默时，我尽量不那么快就____________（作出反应）。 一个小小的____________（手势）、____________（语气）的变化，甚至长久的沉默，都在传递信息，听者必须____________（解码）话语背后的含义。 我们班的"心里话信箱"让每个人都能得到诚恳的____________（反馈），看不懂的纸条就当面____________（澄清），慢慢地我们学会寻找抱怨背后的____________（意图），____________（共情）也在彼此之间生长。 如今我们能____________（容忍）不同的习惯，在小组任务上____________（合作），用____________（协商）代替争吵；即使要____________（拒绝）一个提议，也会说明理由。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：react; gesture; tone; decode; feedback; clarify; intention; empathy; tolerate; cooperate; negotiate; reject 复述模板参考版本： Good communication is more than words, so when my desk mate says nothing I try not to react too quickly. A small gesture, a change of tone or a long silence can carry a message, and every listener has to decode what is really meant behind the words. In our class anyone can drop a note into the Talk Box and get honest feedback the next day; if a note is hard to understand, we meet and clarify it face to face. Slowly we have learned to look for the intention behind a complaint, and empathy has grown among us. We still argue, but now we tolerate different habits, negotiate a fair plan and cooperate on group tasks, and when someone has to reject an idea, he always explains why. $ 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：react / gesture / tone / decode / feedback / clarify / intention / empathy / tolerate / negotiate / cooperate / reject （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 2 · Understanding each other + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Good communication is more than words. When my desk mate frowns and says nothing, I try not to react too quickly. A small gesture, a change of tone, or even a long silence can carry a message. My English teacher says that every listener has to decode what is really meant behind the words. Last term our class started a Talk Box. Anyone could drop in a note and get honest feedback from a classmate the next day. If a note was hard to understand, we would meet and clarify it face to face. Slowly we learned to look for the intention behind a complaint, and empathy grew among us. Of course we still argue. But now we tolerate different habits, cooperate on group tasks and negotiate a fair plan instead of shouting at each other. When someone has to reject an idea, he explains why. Understanding each other never happens by accident; it is built, day by day. 【中文译文】 良好的沟通不只是说话。当同桌皱着眉一言不发时，我尽量不那么快就（react）作出反应。一个小小的（gesture）手势、（tone）语气的一点变化，甚至一段长长的沉默，都可能传递着信息。我的英语老师说，每一个听者都必须（decode）解码话语背后真正的含义。 上学期我们班办起了"心里话信箱"。任何人都可以投进一张纸条，第二天就能得到同学诚恳的（feedback）反馈。如果一张纸条难以看懂，我们就当面碰头把它（clarify）说清楚。慢慢地，我们学会了去寻找一句抱怨背后的（intention）意图，（empathy）共情也在我们之间生长起来。 当然我们还是会争吵。但现在我们能（tolerate）容忍彼此不同的习惯，在小组任务上（cooperate）合作，用（negotiate）协商出一个公平的方案来代替相互吼叫。当有人不得不（reject）拒绝一个提议时，他会说明理由。相互理解从来不会凭空发生，它是被一天一天建起来的。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：不急着反应→留意手势→分辨语气→解码言外之意→给出反馈→当面澄清→读懂意图→生出共情→包容差异→协商方案→彼此合作→有理由地拒绝 记忆链：react → gesture → tone → decode → feedback → clarify → intention → empathy → tolerate → negotiate → cooperate → reject Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 react /riˈækt/ vi. 作出反应；回应；起化学反应 ⚡考点：react to sth. 对…作出反应；react against 反抗；reaction n. 反应；in reaction to 作为对…的反应 2 gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ n. 手势；姿态；表示 vi./vt. 打手势 ⚡考点：a gesture of respect/goodwill 表示敬意/善意；make a gesture 做手势；gesture to sb. to do 3 tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；音调；色调 vt. 使更结实 ⚡考点：in a gentle/angry tone 用温和/生气的语气；tone of voice 说话口吻；set the tone 定基调 4 decode /ˌdiːˈkəʊd/ vt. 解码；破译；解读（含义） ⚡考点：decode a message 破译信息；decode sb.'s meaning 解读用意；反义词encode v. 编码；decoder n. 解码器 5 feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈；反馈意见（不可数） ⚡考点：give/receive feedback 给出/得到反馈；positive feedback 正面反馈；feedback on sth. 关于…的反馈 6 clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 澄清；阐明；使清楚 ⚡考点：clarify a point/one's position 阐明观点/立场；clarification n. 澄清；clarity n. 清晰；clear adj. 清楚的 7 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图；目的；打算 ⚡考点：with the intention of doing 意在做…；have no intention of doing 无意做…；intend v. 打算；intentional adj. 故意的 8 empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. 同理心；共情；感同身受 ⚡考点：empathy for/with sb. 对某人的共情；show empathy 表现出同理心；empathize v. 共情；辨析sympathy 同情 9 tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 容忍；忍受；容许 ⚡考点：tolerate doing sth.（不接不定式）；tolerance n. 宽容；tolerant adj. 宽容的（be tolerant of）；intolerable adj. 无法忍受的 10 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vi./vt. 谈判；协商；商定 ⚡考点：negotiate with sb. about/over sth. 就…与某人协商；negotiation n. 谈判；under negotiation 在协商中 11 cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作；配合；协助 ⚡考点：cooperate with sb. in/on sth. 在…上与某人合作；cooperation n. 合作；in cooperation with 与…合作 12 reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ /ˈriːdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；拒收；否决 n. 不合格品 ⚡考点：reject an offer/a proposal 拒绝提议；rejection n. 拒绝；辨析refuse to do 拒绝做 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. react /riˈækt/ vi. 作出反应；回应；反抗；起化学反应 【核心考点】 react是人际沟通与科普语篇的双高频动词，读后续写中描写人物即时反应几乎必用。核心搭配react to sth.（对…作出反应，注意介词只能用to，不可用for/at，这是高考经典易错点）；react against sth.（反抗；抵制）；react with…（与…发生化学反应）；react quickly/calmly/angrily（迅速/冷静/愤怒地作出反应）。名词reaction n.（反应）→ in reaction to（作为对…的反应）、a chain reaction（连锁反应）、one's first reaction（第一反应）；形容词reactive adj.（反应性的）。辨析：react（对刺激作出即时、常为本能的反应）vs respond（有意识地作答或回应，语体较正式）vs answer（回答问题）vs reply（答复，多指书面或口头回复）。沟通类主题句常用Don't react before you listen. 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ act（行动，act）→ 对外来的动作回以一个动作→ 作出反应。联想：act"做；行动"→ action（行动）、active（积极的）、actor（演员）、interact（互动→在彼此之间行动）、react（回应→回过来行动）、transaction（交易→跨过去做）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：react vi. （与…）起化学反应。熟义"作出反应"之外，react在化学语境中表示物质间发生反应，如Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust（铁与水和空气反应生成铁锈）。此义在科普说明文与语法填空中常与with搭配出现，需与react to区分开。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Children usually react to a gentle voice far more quickly than to an angry order."（比起生气的命令，孩子们对温和的声音往往反应快得多。）（经典原句·react 作出反应） 【搭配词块】 react to sth. 对…作出反应 / react against 反抗 / reaction n. 反应 / in reaction to 作为对…的反应 2. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ n. 手势；姿势；姿态；表示 vi./vt. 打手势示意 【核心考点】 gesture是"相互理解"主题的标志性名词，非语言交际类阅读必考。作名词：make a gesture（做个手势）、a gesture of respect/goodwill/friendship（表示敬意/善意/友好的姿态）、hand gestures（手势）、body language and gestures（肢体语言与手势）。作动词：gesture to/at sb.（向某人打手势）、gesture (to) sb. to do sth.（示意某人做某事）。辨析：gesture（有交际含义的手势或象征性姿态，可抽象）vs signal（发出的信号，可为声光）vs movement（一般的动作、移动）vs posture（身体的姿势、体态）。注意a gesture of…既可指具体手势，也可指抽象的"表示…的举动"，后者是高考高分表达。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gerere"携带；举止；做"→ gestus"举止；动作"+ -ure（名词后缀）→ 身体做出的动作→ 手势；姿态。联想：gest/ger"带；做"→ suggest（建议→在下面带出想法）、digest（消化→分开带走）、register（登记）、gesture（举止→手势）、exaggerate（夸大）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：gesture n. （表示某种情感或意图的）姿态；表示。熟义"手势"之外，gesture常指一种象征性的善意举动，如a gesture of goodwill（善意的表示）、a nice gesture（一个暖心的举动），此时并不涉及具体的手部动作。此义在2025年高考真题与书面表达中都极为实用。 【真题原句】 （2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空·as a gesture of respect）"A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side."（有风度的赢家总是只以一两目的优势取胜，以此作为对对方的尊重之意。）（真题原句·gesture 姿态；表示） 【搭配词块】 a gesture of respect 敬意的表示 / make a gesture 做手势 / hand gestures 手势 / gesture to sb. to do 示意某人做 3. tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；口吻；音调；色调；气氛 vt. 使更健美 【核心考点】 tone是高考"作者态度题"与人物描写的关键名词。常用搭配in a gentle/firm/angry/apologetic tone（用温和/坚定/生气/道歉的语气）、tone of voice（说话的口吻）、change one's tone（改变语气）、set the tone for（为…定下基调）、the tone of the passage（文章的基调）。做阅读时"What is the tone of the text?"这一提问方式常与Objective客观、Critical批判、Humorous幽默等选项搭配。形容词tonal adj.（声调的）；注意汉语拼音的"声调"就是tone。辨析：tone（说话的语气或文章基调，含情感色彩）vs voice（嗓音本身）vs accent（口音；重音）vs manner（举止方式）。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语tonos"绷紧；弦的张力"→ 琴弦绷紧的程度决定音高→ 音调→ 引申为说话的语气、文章的基调。联想：ton"张力；音"→ tone（音调；语气）、tune（曲调）、monotonous（单调的，mono一个+ ton音）、intonation（语调）、tension（紧张→拉紧）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tone n. 色调；色度。熟义"语气"之外，tone在描写画面与环境时指颜色的深浅明暗，如warm tones（暖色调）、the soft tones of the evening sky（傍晚天空柔和的色调）。此义在读后续写的环境描写与艺术类阅读中很出彩。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He said the same words again, but this time in such a gentle tone that nobody in the room felt blamed."（他把同样的话又说了一遍，但这一次语气那么温和，屋里没有一个人觉得受到了责备。）（经典原句·tone 语气） 【搭配词块】 in a gentle tone 用温和的语气 / tone of voice 说话口吻 / set the tone 定下基调 / change one's tone 改变语气 4. decode /ˌdiːˈkəʊd/ vt. 解码；破译；译解；解读（言外之意） 【核心考点】 decode是本单元"编码—解码"沟通模型的核心动词，也是信息科技与语言类阅读的高频词。搭配decode a message/a signal/a secret letter（破译信息/信号/密信）、decode sb.'s meaning（解读某人的用意）、decode body language（解读肢体语言）。反义词encode v.（编码；把…译成电码），两词常在同一语篇中成对出现，构成"发送者encode—接收者decode"的完整链条；名词decoder n.（解码器）、code n.（密码；代码）→ crack the code（破译密码）。辨析：decode（把编码信息还原为可懂内容，强调技术性或深层解读）vs interpret（解释含义或口译）vs translate（在两种语言间翻译）vs figure out（口语化，弄明白）。 【词根联想】 de-（去除；相反，un-）+ code（密码；代码）→ 把密码去掉→ 解码；破译。联想：code"码"→ encode（编码，en-使…进入）、decode（解码，de-去除）、codeword（暗号）、dictionary code；同类de-词族→ defrost（除霜）、deforest（毁林）、devalue（贬值）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：decode vt. 解读；领会（言外之意）。熟义"破译密码"之外，decode在人际沟通语境中指读懂话语或表情背后的真实含义，如decode a smile（读懂一个微笑）、learn to decode people（学会看懂别人）。此义正是本单元Understanding each other的主题所在。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国甲卷·阅读C·decoding动名词表"解读"）"Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation."（韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家展开对话，在此过程中，他通过解读他们所传递的思想并加入自己的诠释，也成了这群人中的一员。）（真题原句·decode 解读） 【搭配词块】 decode a message 破译信息 / decode sb.'s meaning 解读用意 / encode v. 编码 / decoder n. 解码器 5. feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈；反馈意见；回授（不可数名词） 【核心考点】 feedback是校园生活、职场沟通与书面表达的超高频名词，务必牢记它是不可数名词：不能说a feedback或feedbacks，要表达"一条反馈"须用a piece of feedback。常用搭配give/offer feedback（给出反馈）、get/receive feedback（得到反馈）、positive/negative feedback（正面/负面反馈）、honest/constructive feedback（诚恳的/有建设性的反馈）、feedback on sth.（关于某事的反馈，介词用on）、in response to feedback（针对反馈）。辨析：feedback（针对表现或作品给出的、用于改进的意见）vs advice（建议，同为不可数）vs comment（评论，可数）vs response（回应；答复）。写信请求指导时"I would appreciate your feedback on my draft."是高分句式。 【词根联想】 feed（喂养；输送）+ back（回来）→ 把系统输出的信息再送回输入端→ 反馈。原为工程学与控制论术语，后泛化到教育与人际沟通领域。联想：feed构成的合成词→ feedback（反馈）、feedstock（原料）、breastfeed（母乳喂养）、well-fed（吃得好的）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The manager asked for honest feedback from every member of the team before the new plan was carried out."（在新方案实施之前，经理向团队每一位成员征求了诚恳的反馈意见。）（经典原句·feedback 反馈） 【搭配词块】 give feedback 给出反馈 / feedback on sth. 关于…的反馈 / positive feedback 正面反馈 / a piece of feedback 一条反馈 6. clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 澄清；阐明；使清楚；使（液体）变清澈 【核心考点】 clarify是议论文与沟通类语篇的高分动词，也是高考阅读"作者写作目的题"选项中的常客（如To clarify a concept 澄清一个概念）。搭配clarify a point/an issue/one's position（阐明观点/问题/立场）、clarify the meaning of…（澄清…的含义）、clarify sth. for sb.（向某人说清某事）；后可接从句clarify what/how/whether…。名词clarification n.（澄清；说明）→ seek/ask for clarification（请求澄清）；clarity n.（清晰；明确）→ with great clarity；形容词clear adj.（清楚的）。辨析：clarify（把含糊之处讲清楚，消除误解）vs explain（说明原因或过程，最通用）vs illustrate（举例或图示说明）vs define（下定义）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语clarus"明亮的；清楚的"+ -ify（动词后缀，表"使…"）→ 使变清楚→ 澄清。联想：clar/clear"清楚"→ clear（清楚的）、clarity（清晰）、declare（宣布→使完全清楚）、clarion（嘹亮的号声）；-ify后缀→ simplify（简化）、purify（净化）、justify（证明正当）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：clarify vt. 使（黄油、液体）澄清、变清澈。熟义"阐明"之外，clarify在烹饪与化学语境中指去除杂质使液体变得清澈，如clarified butter（澄清黄油）。此义虽不常考，但有助于理解clarify"去浊存清"的本义，反过来加深对"澄清观点"的记忆。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Could you please clarify the second point? Half of the class did not follow what you meant."（你能把第二点再说清楚一些吗？班里有一半人没听懂你的意思。）（经典原句·clarify 澄清；阐明） 【搭配词块】 clarify a point 阐明观点 / clarify one's position 表明立场 / clarification n. 澄清 / clarity n. 清晰 7. intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图；目的；打算；意向 【核心考点】 intention是语法填空考查名动转换的常客，也是"读懂对方用意"这一主题的关键词。必背句型with the intention of doing sth.（抱着做某事的意图）、have no intention of doing sth.（无意做某事，注意of后接动名词，不可接不定式）、one's intention is to do sth.（某人的打算是做某事）、good intentions（好意）、read sb.'s intentions（看出某人的用意）。动词intend v.→ intend to do sth.（打算做）、be intended for（专为…而设计）；形容词intentional adj.（有意的；故意的）；副词intentionally adv.（故意地，= on purpose）。辨析：intention（心中的打算，中性）vs purpose（目的，强调要达到的结果）vs aim（目标，含努力方向）vs motive（动机，指内在驱动力）。 【词根联想】 in-（向内，towards）+ tend（拉丁语tendere"伸展；拉紧"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 心思朝某个方向伸展→ 意图；打算。联想：tend"伸展"→ tend（倾向于）、tendency（倾向）、extend（延伸→向外伸）、pretend（假装→在前面伸出个样子）、attend（出席→朝向）、intention（意图→心朝内伸）。 【真题原句】 （2021年1月·浙江卷·阅读C·intentional形容词形式）"Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom."（领导这项研究的凯瑟琳·霍拜特博士说，这是动物界迄今记录到的唯一一种有意图的交流形式。）（真题原句·intention 意图，此处为形容词intentional） 【搭配词块】 with the intention of doing 意在做… / have no intention of doing 无意做… / intend v. 打算 / intentional adj. 故意的 8. empathy /ˈempəθi/ n. 同理心；共情；感同身受的能力 【核心考点】 empathy是"相互理解"主题的灵魂词，也是近年高考情感智力、人工智能与人际关系类语篇的高频名词。搭配empathy for/with sb.（对某人的同理心）、show/feel empathy（表现出/怀有同理心）、a sense of empathy（同理心）、develop empathy（培养同理心）。动词empathize v.（产生共情）→ empathize with sb.（设身处地体会某人的感受）；形容词empathetic/empathic adj.（有同理心的）。教材同义短语put yourself in sb.'s shoes（设身处地为某人着想）是书面表达的加分表达。辨析：empathy（站在对方立场感同身受，强调理解）vs sympathy（对他人不幸的同情与怜悯，含居高临下之嫌）vs pity（怜悯，常带距离感）vs compassion（悲悯，含帮助意愿）。高考写作中"多一分共情"写作show more empathy for others。 【词根联想】 em-（en-的变体，进入…之中，in）+ path（希腊语pathos"感情；痛苦"）+ -y（名词后缀）→ 走进别人的情感之中→ 共情。联想：path"情感；痛苦"→ sympathy（同情，sym-共同）、empathy（共情，em-进入）、apathy（冷漠，a-无）、pathetic（可怜的）、patient（病人→忍受痛苦的人）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her warm empathy for the lonely old man moved everyone in the small mountain village."（她对那位孤独老人的温暖共情打动了这个小山村里的每一个人。）（经典原句·empathy 同理心） 【搭配词块】 empathy for sb. 对某人的共情 / show empathy 表现出同理心 / empathize with 设身处地体会 / put yourself in sb.'s shoes 换位思考 9. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ vt. 容忍；忍受；容许；忍受（药物、恶劣条件） 【核心考点】 tolerate是文化差异与人际相处类语篇的核心动词。用法要点：tolerate + n./doing sth.（容忍某事/做某事），绝不可说tolerate to do sth.，这是高考经典易错点；I will not tolerate rudeness.（我绝不容忍无礼）。名词tolerance n.（宽容；忍耐力）→ show tolerance towards（对…表现出宽容）、zero tolerance（零容忍）；形容词tolerant adj.（宽容的）→ be tolerant of/towards sb.（对某人宽容）；intolerable adj.（无法忍受的）；intolerance n.（不容忍）。辨析：tolerate（容忍不喜欢却不去阻止的事，语体较正式）vs bear/stand（忍受痛苦或困难，常用于否定句can't stand）vs put up with（口语化，将就忍受）vs endure（长期坚忍地承受）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语tolerare"承受；支撑"（与tollere"举起"同源）→ 把重担扛起来→ 忍受；容忍。联想：toler"承受"→ tolerate（容忍）、tolerance（宽容）、tolerant（宽容的）、intolerable（无法忍受的）；同源extol（颂扬→高高举起）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tolerate vt. （生物体）耐受；经得起。熟义"容忍"之外，tolerate在生物与医学语境中表示对环境或药物的耐受能力，如These plants can tolerate very low temperatures（这些植物能耐受极低的温度）。此义在科普说明文与生态类阅读中出现频率不低。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A good teacher learns to tolerate different learning styles in one and the same classroom."（一位好老师会学着在同一间教室里容纳各种不同的学习方式。）（经典原句·tolerate 容忍） 【搭配词块】 tolerate doing sth. 容忍做某事 / tolerance n. 宽容 / be tolerant of 对…宽容 / zero tolerance 零容忍 10. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ vi./vt. 谈判；协商；商定；顺利通过（难关） 【核心考点】 negotiate是商务、外交与班级议事类语篇的高频动词，写作中替换talk about可显著提档。搭配negotiate with sb. about/over sth.（就某事与某人协商）、negotiate a deal/a contract/a price（商定一笔交易/合同/价格）、negotiate a settlement（谈成和解）。名词negotiation n.（谈判，常用复数negotiations）→ enter into negotiations（开始谈判）、be under negotiation（正在协商中）；negotiator n.（谈判代表）；形容词negotiable adj.（可协商的）→ The price is negotiable.（价格可商量）。辨析：negotiate（通过正式讨论达成一致，双方有让步）vs discuss（讨论，不一定求结果）vs bargain（讨价还价，多指价钱）vs consult（咨询；商议）。 【词根联想】 neg-（不，not）+ oti（拉丁语otium"闲暇"）+ -ate→ 无暇闲坐、忙于事务→ 做生意→ 谈判；协商。联想：neg"否定"→ negative（否定的）、neglect（忽视）、negotiate（谈判→不得闲）；-ate动词后缀→ cooperate（合作）、operate（操作）、separate（分开）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：negotiate vt. 顺利通过；成功越过（障碍、险路）。熟义"谈判"之外，negotiate可表示小心地越过困难地形，如negotiate a sharp bend（顺利转过一个急弯）、negotiate the icy steps（小心走过结冰的台阶）。此义在记叙文与读后续写的旅途描写中很实用。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The two sides have been negotiating for weeks, and an agreement is finally in sight."（双方已经协商了好几个星期，一份协议终于有望达成。）（经典原句·negotiate 协商） 【搭配词块】 negotiate with sb. 与某人协商 / negotiate a deal 商定交易 / negotiation n. 谈判 / negotiable adj. 可协商的 11. cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作；协作；配合；协助 【核心考点】 cooperate是团队与国际关系类语篇的高频动词，书面表达中"通力合作"必备。搭配cooperate with sb.（与某人合作）、cooperate in/on sth.（在某事上合作）、cooperate closely（密切合作）、cooperate fully with the police（全力配合警方）。名词cooperation n.（合作，不可数）→ in cooperation with（与…合作）、international cooperation（国际合作）；形容词cooperative adj.（合作的；乐于配合的）→ a cooperative attitude；副词cooperatively adv.。拼写提示：英式亦作co-operate，高考统一用cooperate。辨析：cooperate（为共同目标一起工作，强调协同）vs collaborate（合作，多指学术、艺术或创作上的深度协作）vs assist（协助，指从旁帮助）vs coordinate（协调，指使各部分配合有序）。 【词根联想】 co-（共同，together）+ oper（拉丁语opus/operis"工作"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 一起工作→ 合作。联想：oper"工作"→ operate（操作）、operation（手术；运作）、opera（歌剧→作品）、cooperate（合作）；co-"共同"→ coexist（共存）、coauthor（合著者）、colleague（同事）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Students who cooperate with one another often finish group tasks faster and much better."（彼此合作的学生往往能更快也更好地完成小组任务。）（经典原句·cooperate 合作） 【搭配词块】 cooperate with sb. 与某人合作 / cooperate on sth. 在…上合作 / cooperation n. 合作 / in cooperation with 与…合作 12. reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ /ˈriːdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；拒收；否决；不录用 n. 不合格品；被淘汰者 【核心考点】 reject是高考阅读与完形的高频动词，注意动词重音在后/rɪˈdʒekt/，名词重音在前/ˈriːdʒekt/。搭配reject an offer/a proposal/an application（拒绝提议/方案/申请）、be rejected by（被…拒收/淘汰）、flatly reject（断然拒绝）。名词rejection n.（拒绝；退稿）→ a rejection letter（拒信）、fear of rejection（害怕被拒）。辨析：reject（因不满意、不合格而正式拒绝接受某人或某物，宾语是"事物或人"）vs refuse（拒绝做某事或拒绝给予，可接to do，reject不可）vs decline（婉言谢绝，语体客气）vs turn down（口语化，回绝）。易错点：refuse to do sth.（拒绝做某事）不能写成reject to do sth.，只能说reject doing sth.或reject + 名词。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ ject（拉丁语jacere"投掷，throw"）→ 把东西扔回去→ 拒收；拒绝。联想：ject"投掷"→ project（项目→向前投）、inject（注射→投入内部）、eject（弹出→向外投）、object（反对→投向对面）、subject（使服从→投到下面）、reject（拒绝→投回去）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reject n. 不合格品；次品；被淘汰的人。熟义动词"拒绝"之外，reject作名词指未能通过检验而被剔除的产品，如factory rejects（工厂次品），也可指落选者。此义重音前移读作/ˈriːdʒekt/，是词汇辨音与词性转换的隐性考点。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·rejected作后置定语）"It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from 'ugly' (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans."（有多少完全能吃的好食物被扔掉，简直令人瞠目——从被食品商拒收的"卖相差"（其实完全可以食用）的蔬菜，到大量被倒进餐馆垃圾桶的剩菜。）（真题原句·reject 拒收） 【搭配词块】 reject an offer 拒绝提议 / be rejected by 被…拒收 / rejection n. 拒绝 / refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事（辨析） Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 react reaction (n.) reactive (adj.) reactor (n.) react to sth. / in reaction to gesture gestures (n.pl.) gestured (v.) gesturing (v.) a gesture of respect / make a gesture tone tones (n.pl.) tonal (adj.) intonation (n.) in a gentle tone / tone of voice decode decoding (v.) decoder (n.) encode (v. 反义) decode a message / decode people feedback feed (v.) fed (v.) --- give feedback / feedback on sth. clarify clarification (n.) clarity (n.) clear (adj.) clarify a point / seek clarification intention intend (v.) intentional (adj.) intentionally (adv.) with the intention of / have no intention of empathy empathize (v.) empathetic (adj.) sympathy (n. 辨析) empathy for sb. / show empathy tolerate tolerance (n.) tolerant (adj.) intolerable (adj.) tolerate doing / be tolerant of negotiate negotiation (n.) negotiator (n.) negotiable (adj.) negotiate with sb. / under negotiation cooperate cooperation (n.) cooperative (adj.) cooperatively (adv.) cooperate with / in cooperation with reject rejection (n.) rejected (v.) rejecting (v.) reject an offer / be rejected by Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读B·改编）It is jaw-dropping how much good food is thrown away, from "ugly" vegetables __________ (rejection) by grocers to uneaten restaurant dishes. 2.（2023全国甲卷·阅读C·改编）Weiner becomes part of that crowd in the process by __________ (decode) their messages and adding his own interpretation. 3.（2021年1月浙江卷·阅读C·改编）Dr Hobaiter said that this was the only form of __________ (intend) communication ever recorded in the animal kingdom. 4.（2025全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）A decent winner always beats the opponent by no more than one or two points as a __________ (gestures) of respect. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Children usually __________ (reaction) to a gentle voice far more quickly than to an angry order. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）The manager asked for honest __________ (feed) from every member before the new plan was carried out. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Could you please __________ (clarification) the second point? Half of the class did not follow you. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Her warm __________ (empathize) for the lonely old man moved everyone in the small mountain village. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）A good teacher learns to __________ (tolerance) different learning styles in one and the same classroom. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The two sides have been __________ (negotiation) for weeks, and an agreement is finally in sight. 11.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Students who __________ (cooperative) with one another often finish group tasks faster and better. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）He said the same words again, but this time in such a gentle __________ (toned) that nobody felt blamed. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Her polite __________ (reject) of the invitation hurt nobody, because she explained her reason clearly. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Body language, including __________ (gesture) and eye contact, carries as much meaning as words do. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）With the __________ (intend) of making peace, Tom wrote his deskmate a short and warm note. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 良好的沟通不只是说话。当同桌皱着眉一言不发时，我尽量不那么快就____________（作出反应）。一个小小的____________（手势）、____________（语气）的一点变化，甚至一段长长的沉默，都可能传递着信息。我的英语老师说，每一个听者都必须____________（解码）话语背后真正的含义。 上学期我们班办起了"心里话信箱"。任何人都可以投进一张纸条，第二天就能得到同学诚恳的____________（反馈）。如果一张纸条难以看懂，我们就当面把它____________（澄清）。慢慢地，我们学会了去寻找一句抱怨背后的____________（意图），____________（共情）也在我们之间生长起来。 当然我们还是会争吵。但现在我们能____________（容忍）彼此不同的习惯，在小组任务上____________（合作），用____________（协商）出一个公平的方案来代替相互吼叫。当有人不得不____________（拒绝）一个提议时，他会说明理由。 Part 7 关联阅读 Mr Lin, our new head teacher, opened the term with a strange rule: for one whole week nobody in Class Nine was allowed to use the words “you always” or “you never”. At first we laughed at him. Then we found out how often those two phrases slipped out of our mouths. When a classmate arrived late, most of us would react at once and blame him. Mr Lin asked us to slow down, to watch the tone we chose, and to notice the gesture that came with it. His second task was harder. Each of us had to write one honest note to a classmate every Friday, and that classmate had to give feedback the following Monday. Nobody was allowed to reject a note without a reason. If a sentence looked unfriendly, the writer had to clarify what he really meant, face to face. Mr Lin called this “learning to decode people”. Words, he said, are only the surface; the real intention often hides one layer below. A careless reaction, he warned us, could wound a friend for days, so we learned to think before we answered and to answer with kindness. The first two weeks were painful. Two boys who shared a desk almost stopped speaking to each other. Yet by the end of the month something had quietly changed. We began to tolerate small habits that once annoyed us, and we learned to negotiate instead of shouting: who cleans the blackboard, who keeps the window open, who chooses the music before evening study. Groups that used to break apart now cooperate for a whole project, because everybody knows the rules of the game. Looking back, I do not think Mr Lin taught us any grammar at all that month. He taught us empathy. Understanding each other, he told us on the last day, is not a gift that a few lucky people are born with; it is a skill, and like any other skill it grows only with practice. I still catch myself judging people too fast. But now, before I speak, I stop for one second and ask what the other person really means. 1. What was Mr Lin’s rule at the beginning of the term? A. Students had to sit with a new desk mate every week. B. Students were not allowed to blame anyone in class. C. Students had to avoid the words “you always” and “you never”. D. Students were required to keep silent for a whole week. 2. What did the Friday notes and the Monday replies mainly train the students to do? A. To explain their true meaning instead of turning a note down. B. To write longer letters in correct English every single week. C. To choose their closest friends as their writing partners. D. To report unfriendly classmates to the head teacher at once. 3. What change happened in Class Nine after a month? A. The two boys sharing a desk moved to different rows. B. The students spent much less time on their evening study. C. The class won a school prize for its clean blackboard. D. The students settled small daily matters by talking them over. 4. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A. Grammar lessons matter far less than wide reading does. B. Understanding others is an ability that has to be practised. C. Some people are naturally better at making friends than others. D. Judging people quickly saves time in everyday communication. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：react, gesture, tone, decode, feedback, clarify, intention, empathy, tolerate, negotiate, cooperate, reject Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. react — ____________ 2. gesture — ____________ 3. tone — ____________ 4. decode — ____________ 5. feedback — ____________ 6. clarify — ____________ 7. intention — ____________ 8. empathy — ____________ 9. tolerate — ____________ 10. negotiate — ____________ 11. cooperate — ____________ 12. reject — ____________ 13. reaction — ____________ 14. clarification — ____________ 15. tolerance — ____________ 16. negotiation — ____________ 17. cooperation — ____________ 18. rejection — ____________ 19. react to sth. — ____________ 20. with the intention of doing — ____________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Most children answer a gentle voice much faster than they answer an angry order. → Most children ____________ to a gentle voice much faster than to an angry order. 2. He raised his hand and made a small movement to show that he agreed with us. → He raised his hand and made a small ____________ to show that he agreed with us. 3. She said the same sentence again, but this time in a much softer way of speaking. → She said the same sentence again, but this time in a much softer ____________. 4. A careful listener can always work out the real meaning behind a short answer. → A careful listener can always ____________ the real meaning behind a short answer. 5. Our teacher asks for honest opinions from us after every group presentation. → Our teacher asks for honest ____________ from us after every group presentation. 6. Could you make the second rule clearer? Many of us did not understand it. → Could you ____________ the second rule? Many of us did not understand it. 7. He wrote the letter with the plan of making peace with his old deskmate. → He wrote the letter with the ____________ of making peace with his old deskmate. 8. What this quiet boy needs most is not money but understanding of his feelings. → What this quiet boy needs most is not money but ____________. 9. A good teacher should put up with different learning styles in one classroom. → A good teacher should ____________ different learning styles in one classroom. 10. The two classes talked over the details of the trip for almost a whole week. → The two classes ____________ the details of the trip for almost a whole week. 11. Students who work together with one another finish group tasks much faster. → Students who ____________ with one another finish group tasks much faster. 12. She said no to the invitation politely, and she explained her reason clearly. → She ____________ the invitation politely, and she explained her reason clearly. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：react → gesture → tone → decode → feedback → clarify → intention → empathy → tolerate → negotiate → cooperate → reject 复述模板（填空）： 良好的沟通不只是说话；同桌沉默时，我尽量不那么快就____________（作出反应）。 一个小小的____________（手势）、____________（语气）的变化，甚至长久的沉默，都在传递信息，听者必须____________（解码）话语背后的含义。 我们班的"心里话信箱"让每个人都能得到诚恳的____________（反馈），看不懂的纸条就当面____________（澄清），慢慢地我们学会寻找抱怨背后的____________（意图），____________（共情）也在彼此之间生长。 如今我们能____________（容忍）不同的习惯，在小组任务上____________（合作），用____________（协商）代替争吵；即使要____________（拒绝）一个提议，也会说明理由。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ $