10-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦外刊主题的阅读理解专项训练，通过题型分类解析构建系统解题方法，强化语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题（A-D篇）|15题（含主旨、细节、词义、推理）|主旨题抓全文核心，细节题精准定位，词义题依托语境，推理题立足原文|外刊主题（科技/语言/考古/环境）与题型对应，通过典例巩固“题干-原文-选项”匹配逻辑| |七选五（E篇）|5题|关注段落衔接与逻辑链（如“技术特点-应用场景”）|以太阳能技术创新为载体，训练“上下文语境-选项匹配”思维，强化语篇结构分析能力| |长难句分析|2句|拆解复合句结构（插入语/分词状语等）|通过外刊复杂句式解析，支撑阅读微技能，服务语言能力提升|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A China has successfully completed the construction of its national space station, marking a new milestone in the country‘s space exploration program. The final module, Mengtian, was successfully launched and docked with the existing Tianhe core module and Wentian laboratory module, completing the T-shaped basic structure of the station. The space station, named Tiangong, is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations. It features advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy. “The completion of the space station represents a significant achievement for China’s space program,” said a spokesperson from the China Manned Space Agency. “It provides a long-term platform for scientific research and international cooperation in space.” China has already begun accepting international experiments for the station. Nine projects from 17 countries, including Switzerland, Russia, Germany, and Japan, have been selected to be conducted aboard Tiangong. The projects cover a range of fields including space medicine, astronomy, and earth observation. The space station program has also helped develop advanced technologies, including reusable rocket components, high-precision docking systems, and long-duration life-support systems. These technologies will benefit future lunar exploration missions and deep space probes. The construction phase involved 11 launches over two years, with a 100% success rate. The station, weighing over 90 tons, orbits Earth at an altitude of approximately 340 to 450 kilometers. 1.What is the main subject of the passage? A. The history of China‘s space program. B. The completion of China’s space station Tiangong. C. The international cooperation in space exploration. D. The future of China‘s lunar exploration program. 2.How many astronauts can Tiangong accommodate during regular missions? A. Two. B. Three. C. Six. D. Nine. 3.According to the passage, what benefit has the space station program brought to China? A. It has made China the only country with a space station. B. It has developed advanced technologies for future space missions. C. It has replaced all other international space stations. D. It has reduced the cost of space exploration by 50%. B In a quiet corner of the University of Cambridge, a team of linguists is working on what might seem like a backward-looking project: preserving endangered languages. But their work has surprising implications for understanding the human mind. The project, called “Language, Cognition, and Culture,” has documented more than 50 endangered languages over the past decade. The researchers have found that each language offers a unique window into how the human brain processes information and organizes experience. “Every language is a distinct way of seeing the world,” said Dr. Sarah Thompson, the project‘s director. “When we lose a language, we lose a whole system of knowledge.” One of the project’s most striking findings is the relationship between language and spatial reasoning. In some indigenous languages, speakers use absolute directions—north, south, east, west—rather than relative ones like left and right. This linguistic feature appears to give speakers an extraordinary sense of direction, even in unfamiliar environments. “These speakers always know where they are,” said Dr. Thompson. “It‘s as if they have an internal compass.” The project has also explored how language influences memory and perception. Speakers of languages with different color vocabularies, for example, tend to perceive colors differently. “The words we have available to us shape what we notice,” said Dr. Thompson. The researchers emphasize that language loss is not just a tragedy for the communities involved—it is a loss for all of humanity. “Each language that disappears takes with it centuries of accumulated knowledge about the natural world, about human relationships, and about the possibilities of the human mind,” said Dr. Thompson. “We cannot afford to lose any more.” 4.According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the Cambridge language project? A. To create a dictionary for endangered languages. B. To document endangered languages and study their insights. C. To replace endangered languages with more widely spoken ones. D. To teach endangered languages to children. 5.According to paragraph 3, how does language affect spatial reasoning? A. Speakers of indigenous languages have poor sense of direction. B. Speakers of some languages use absolute directions and have better spatial awareness. C. All languages use relative directions like left and right. D. Language has no effect on spatial reasoning. 6.The underlined word “perception” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the ability to remember B. the ability to see and interpret the world C. the ability to speak clearly D. the ability to learn quickly 7.What is Dr. Thompson’s main message about language loss? A. It only affects small communities. B. It is a loss of accumulated knowledge for all humanity. C. It is inevitable and cannot be prevented. D. It should not be a concern for linguists. C Deep in the Peruvian Amazon, a team of archaeologists has uncovered a previously unknown ancient city complex that could rewrite the history of pre-Columbian civilization in South America. The site, which researchers have named “Las Sombras” (The Shadows), covers approximately 400 square kilometers and includes monumental structures, plazas, and extensive road networks dating back to around 1000 BC. The discovery was made using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, which uses laser pulses to map the ground surface through dense forest canopy. The scans revealed over 1,000 structures, including pyramid-shaped platforms up to 20 meters tall, circular plazas, and a network of causeways connecting different parts of the city. “We were absolutely stunned by what we found,” said Dr. Sarah Gomez, an archaeologist at Stanford University who led the expedition. “This is one of the largest and oldest urban centers ever discovered in the Amazon.” The city appears to have been inhabited for over 1,500 years before being abandoned around 500 AD. The presence of large public structures suggests a complex social hierarchy with centralized political authority. The researchers found evidence of extensive agriculture, including raised fields and irrigation canals, which supported a population estimated at between 10,000 and 20,000 people—a population density previously thought impossible in the Amazon due to poor soil conditions. The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated before European contact and that its pre-Columbian inhabitants were primarily small bands of hunter-gatherers. “This changes everything we thought we knew about Amazonian civilizations,” said Dr. Gomez. “The Amazon was not an empty wilderness—it was a landscape of cities, agriculture, and sophisticated engineering.” The site is now being prepared for UNESCO World Heritage consideration. The Peruvian government has deployed archaeological teams to protect the site from looting and environmental damage. Ongoing excavations are expected to continue for decades. 8.How was the ancient city discovered? A. Through satellite imaging from space. B. Through LiDAR technology that mapped through the forest canopy. C. Through ground-level excavation by local archaeologists. D. Through aerial photography of the Amazon region. 9.According to the passage, what features of the city were revealed by the LiDAR scans? A. Only small residential structures. B. Pyramid-shaped platforms, circular plazas, and causeways. C. Underground tunnels and burial chambers. D. Large metal statues and monuments. 10.The underlined word “stunned” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. bored B. confused C. amazed D. disappointed 11.Why is the discovery described as “game-changing” in the passage? A. It proves that the Amazon was uninhabited before European contact. B. It challenges the assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated. C. It shows that Amazonian civilizations were less advanced than previously thought. D. It suggests that the Amazon was colder in ancient times. D More than 100 million Americans are exposed to unhealthy levels of air pollution from particulate matter, according to a 2026 report from the American Lung Association. The finding places the United States among the countries with the worst air quality in the developed world. The report analyzed data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s monitoring network over a five-year period. It found that 115 million people—approximately one in three Americans—live in counties where the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds the EPA‘s safety standard. The highest levels of pollution were concentrated in California’s Central Valley, the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and parts of the southeastern United States. The sources of particulate pollution vary by region. In California, wildfires have become the dominant source of PM2.5 during the summer and fall months, with smoke traveling hundreds of miles and affecting air quality across multiple states. In the Midwest and Northeast, industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust remain the primary contributors. The report also identified agricultural operations and construction as significant sources of dust and particulate matter. The health impacts of particulate pollution are well-documented. Fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory disease, heart problems, and increased risk of stroke. The EPA estimates that exposure to PM2.5 causes approximately 85,000 premature deaths annually in the United States. Children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing conditions are particularly vulnerable. The report calls for stronger federal action to address air quality, including more rigorous emissions standards for industrial sources and expanded monitoring of wildfire smoke. However, the authors acknowledge that the challenges are daunting. “We are making progress in some areas,” said a spokesman for the American Lung Association. “But climate change and increasingly severe wildfires are undermining that progress and threatening to undo decades of work.” 12.According to the passage, how many Americans are exposed to unhealthy levels of particulate pollution? A. Approximately 85,000. B. Approximately 30 million. C. Approximately 100 million. D. Approximately 115 million. 13.According to the report, what is the dominant source of particulate pollution in California? A. Industrial emissions. B. Vehicle exhaust. C. Wildfires. D. Agricultural operations. 14.The underlined word “undermining” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. Strengthening B. weakening C. accelerating D. ignoring 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Air Pollution in America B. How Wildfires Are Changing Air Quality C. America‘s Air Quality Crisis and Its Causes D. The Health Effects of Industrial Emissions 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E Solar power is experiencing a remarkable transformation. While traditional solar panels have grown increasingly efficient and affordable, a new generation of solar technology is emerging that could revolutionize the way we think about solar energy. (16) ______ Transparent solar cells, which can be applied to windows and other glass surfaces, are one of the most promising innovations. These devices absorb ultraviolet and infrared light while allowing visible light to pass through, making them nearly invisible to the eye. (17) ______ The technology could enable entire buildings—from skyscrapers to residential homes—to generate electricity without the need for conventional rooftop panels. Another breakthrough is flexible solar films that can be attached to curved surfaces such as vehicle roofs, clothing, and even backpacks. (18) ______ These films are lightweight, durable, and can be manufactured using low-cost printing technologies, making them accessible for a wide range of applications. Solar paint, which uses light-absorbing nanoparticles to generate electricity, is another innovation currently in development. (19) ______ While still in the laboratory phase, the technology holds the promise of turning any painted surface into a solar generator. These innovations face challenges, including lower efficiency rates compared to conventional silicon panels and higher production costs. (20) ______ The solar revolution is far from over—it is just taking a new form. 选项（A-G）： A. Solar paint could eventually be applied to walls and rooftops. B. They could be integrated into the windows of office buildings and homes. C. Researchers are developing materials that can be printed onto flexible surfaces. D. However, as manufacturing scales up, costs are expected to decrease significantly. E. Solar energy is currently too expensive for most homeowners. F. These innovations could bring solar power to places where traditional panels cannot go. G. Traditional solar panels are already efficient enough for all applications. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国空间站“天宫”的全面建成——梦天实验舱成功发射并与天和核心舱、问天实验舱对接，标志着中国载人航天工程的重大里程碑。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕中国空间站“天宫”的建成展开。A项“中国航天史”过于宽泛；C项“国际合作”只是部分内容；D项“未来登月计划”未提及。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 天宫空间站在常规任务中可以容纳多少名宇航员？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions”直接说明常规任务可容纳三名宇航员。C项“六名”是人员轮换期间的最大容量；A、D项数据与原文不符。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，空间站计划为中国带来了什么好处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第五段，“The space station program has also helped develop advanced technologies, including reusable rocket components, high-precision docking systems, and long-duration life-support systems”直接说明空间站计划推动了先进技术的发展。A项“唯一拥有空间站的国家”过于绝对；C项“取代所有国际空间站”未提及；D项“降低成本50%”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了剑桥大学的一个语言项目，该项目记录濒危语言并研究发现每种语言都是独特的认知窗口，语言影响空间推理、记忆和感知，语言损失是全人类的损失。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，剑桥大学语言项目的主要目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The project... has documented more than 50 endangered languages... each language offers a unique window into how the human brain processes information”说明项目目的既是记录濒危语言，也是研究其洞察。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，语言如何影响空间推理？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“In some indigenous languages, speakers use absolute directions... This linguistic feature appears to give speakers an extraordinary sense of direction”说明使用绝对方向的语言使用者具有更好的空间感知能力。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“perception”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“perception”意为“感知、认知”。文中“Speakers of languages with different color vocabularies... perceive colors differently”指对颜色的感知不同。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： Thompson博士关于语言损失的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“Each language that disappears takes with it centuries of accumulated knowledge... a loss for all of humanity”直接说明语言损失是全人类积累知识的损失。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家在秘鲁亚马逊雨林中使用LiDAR技术发现了一座约400平方公里的古代城市综合体，可追溯至公元前1000年左右，挑战了亚马逊在欧洲人到来之前人口稀少的传统假设。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 这座古城是如何被发现的？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The discovery was made using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology”直接说明使用LiDAR技术发现。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，LiDAR扫描揭示了城市的哪些特征？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The scans revealed over 1,000 structures, including pyramid-shaped platforms up to 20 meters tall, circular plazas, and a network of causeways”直接说明发现了金字塔形平台、圆形广场和堤道网络。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：C 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“stunned”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“stunned”意为“震惊的、惊讶的”。研究人员对发现感到震惊。故正确答案为C。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 为什么这一发现被描述为“改变游戏规则的”？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第四段，“The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated”直接说明该发现挑战了传统假设。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国肺脏协会2026年的报告——约1.15亿美国人暴露在不健康的颗粒物污染水平下，分析了污染的来源、健康影响以及气候变化带来的挑战。 12. 答案：D 题干句意： 根据文章，有多少美国人暴露在不健康的颗粒物污染水平下？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“115 million people”直接说明。故正确答案为D。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据报告，加利福尼亚州颗粒物污染的主要来源是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“In California, wildfires have become the dominant source”直接说明。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 最后一段中画线单词“undermining”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“undermining”意为“削弱”。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕美国空气污染危机及其原因展开。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能技术的新一代创新——透明太阳能电池、柔性太阳能薄膜和太阳能涂料，这些技术能将太阳能应用推广到传统面板无法触及的领域，尽管面临挑战但前景广阔。 16. 答案：F 题干句意： 传统太阳能板已越来越高效和经济实惠，但新一代太阳能技术正在涌现，可能彻底改变我们对太阳能的看法。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。前句引出新一代太阳能技术，后文分别介绍透明电池、柔性薄膜和太阳能涂料三种创新。F项“这些创新可以将太阳能带到传统面板无法到达的地方”准确概括了后文三种技术的共同特点——它们都能在传统面板无法使用的场景中应用。G项“传统面板已足够高效”与“revolutionize”矛盾；E项“太阳能太贵”与首句“affordable”矛盾。故正确答案为F。 17. 答案：B 题干句意： 透明太阳能电池可以应用到窗户和其他玻璃表面。这些设备吸收紫外线和红外光，同时允许可见光通过，使其几乎肉眼不可见。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句介绍透明太阳能电池的特点——可以应用到玻璃表面且几乎不可见，后文提到“使整栋建筑发电”。B项“它们可以集成到办公楼和住宅的窗户中”具体说明了应用场景，与前句“windows and other glass surfaces”直接呼应，与后文“entire buildings”衔接自然。A项“可应用于墙壁和屋顶”描述的是太阳能涂料的特点；C项“可印刷到柔性表面”描述的是柔性薄膜的技术基础。故正确答案为B。 18. 答案：C 题干句意： 另一项突破是柔性太阳能薄膜，可以附着在汽车车顶、衣物甚至背包等弯曲表面。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句介绍柔性太阳能薄膜，后句提到“这些薄膜重量轻、耐用，可以使用低成本印刷技术制造”。C项“研究人员正在开发可以印刷到柔性表面的材料”解释了这种薄膜的技术来源，与后文“manufactured using low-cost printing technologies”直接对应，形成“技术开发→制造工艺→应用”的逻辑链。A项“可应用于墙壁和屋顶”属于太阳能涂料；B项已用于第17空。故正确答案为C。 19. 答案：A 题干句意： 太阳能涂料，利用光吸收纳米粒子发电，是另一项正在开发中的创新。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句介绍太阳能涂料的概念，后文说明其仍处于实验室阶段但前景广阔。A项“太阳能涂料最终可以应用于墙壁和屋顶”具体说明了这种技术的应用场景——将任何涂漆表面变成太阳能发电机，与后文“turning any painted surface into a solar generator”直接呼应，且与同段前文“solar paint”形成完整论述。B项已用于第17空（透明电池）；C项已用于第18空（柔性薄膜）。故正确答案为A。 20. 答案：D 题干句意： 这些创新面临挑战，包括效率低于传统硅面板和更高的生产成本。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出这些新技术面临的挑战（效率和成本问题），后句总结“太阳能革命远未结束——它只是以新的形式出现”。D项“然而，随着生产规模扩大，成本预计将显著下降”承上启下：首先，它承接前文的“成本挑战”（higher production costs），说明成本问题有望解决；其次，它引出后文的乐观结论（revolution is far from over）。E项“太阳能对大多数房主太贵”与首段“affordable”矛盾且与成本下降的论述方向相反；G项“传统面板已足够高效”与全文“revolutionize”基调相悖。故正确答案为D。 多余选项： E（太阳能能源目前对大多数房主来说太贵了——与第一段“traditional solar panels have grown increasingly... affordable”矛盾）、G（传统太阳能板已经足够高效——与全文强调技术创新的“revolutionize”基调相悖） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： "The space station, named Tiangong, is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations, featuring advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy." 翻译： 这座名为"天宫"的空间站设计寿命为10至15年，常规任务期间可容纳三名宇航员，乘组轮换期间最多可容纳六名，配备先进的生保系统以及用于生物、物理、材料科学和天文学实验的研究设施。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含过去分词短语作插入语和现在分词短语作状语。 主句：The space station（主语）is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years（谓语1）and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations（谓语2） 插入语：named Tiangong（过去分词短语作定语，修饰space station） 现在分词短语作状语：featuring advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy（现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明空间站的特征） 2. 原句： "Participants who spent two hours or more in green spaces—parks, woodlands, or coastal areas—during the previous week were consistently more likely to report good health and high life satisfaction compared to those who spent less time in nature, and the benefits were observed across all demographic groups, including urban and rural residents, different income levels, and various age groups." 翻译： 在前一周花费两小时或更多时间在绿色空间（公园、林地和沿海地区）的参与者，始终比那些花更少时间在大自然中的人更有可能报告良好的健康状况和高生活满意度，而且这些益处在所有人口群体中都得到体现，包括城市和农村居民、不同收入水平和各年龄段的人群。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含定语从句、插入语和分词短语作状语。 第一分句主句：Participants（主语）were consistently more likely to report good health and high life satisfaction（谓语+表语）compared to those who spent less time in nature（分词短语作比较状语） 定语从句1：who spent two hours or more in green spaces（修饰Participants） 插入语：—parks, woodlands, or coastal areas—（对green spaces的具体说明） 定语从句2：who spent less time in nature（修饰those） 第二分句：and the benefits（主语）were observed（谓语）across all demographic groups（状语） 分词短语作定语：including urban and rural residents, different income levels, and various age groups（修饰groups） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $