04-外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 外刊拓展阅读理解专项以四篇不同主题外刊文本为载体，系统整合细节理解、词义猜测等题型的解题方法，强化语言能力与思维品质的协同培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|15题（含细节、词义、态度、主旨题型）|细节题定位原文、词义题上下文语境、态度题作者用词、主旨题首尾段概括|外刊主题（生物多样性等）与题型方法对应，覆盖高考高频考点|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——China Daily, December 23, 2025（改编） China has made remarkable progress in biodiversity conservation over the past decade, with the populations of many rare and endangered species showing significant recovery, according to a report released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on Monday. The report, titled “China‘s Biodiversity Conservation: Progress and Outlook (2025),” stated that the population of giant pandas in the wild has increased from 1,864 in 2015 to over 2,000, while the number of crested ibises has grown from 2,400 to over 5,000. The Tibetan antelope population has rebounded from fewer than 20,000 in the 1990s to more than 300,000. The country’s system of protected areas now covers more than 18 percent of its land area, exceeding the global average. China has established nearly 10,000 protected areas of various types, including national parks, nature reserves, and scenic spots. The first batch of five national parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park and the Giant Panda National Park, has been operating since 2021, with several more under planning. “The progress shows that China‘s approach to combining strict protection with sustainable development is working,” said Zhang Guogang, a senior official at the ministry. “We have not only protected species but also improved the livelihoods of communities living near protected areas through eco-compensation programs and green development.” China has also contributed to global biodiversity efforts. The country has provided financial and technical support to conservation projects in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China played a key role in the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022. 1.What is the main topic of the report mentioned in the passage? A. The economic development of rural areas in China. B. The progress of biodiversity conservation in China. C. The challenges facing China‘s environmental policies. D. The international cooperation on climate change. 2.According to the passage, how much of China’s land area is now covered by protected areas? A. Less than 10 percent. B. About 15 percent. C. More than 18 percent. D. Over 25 percent. 3.What role did China play in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework? A. It opposed the adoption of the framework. B. It provided the main funding for the framework. C. It played a key role in its adoption. D. It refused to participate in the framework. B ——NPR, March 6, 2026（改编） A growing body of research suggests that the foods we eat may have a direct impact on our mental health. The emerging field of nutritional psychiatry explores how diet influences brain function and emotional well-being. While the idea that food affects mood is not new, scientists are now uncovering the biological mechanisms behind this connection. One of the key pathways is the gut-brain axis—a bidirectional communication system between the digestive tract and the brain. The gut contains trillions of bacteria that play a crucial role in digestion and immune function. These bacteria also produce neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood and emotions. In fact, about 90% of the body‘s serotonin is produced in the gut. Studies have found that people who follow a Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil—have lower rates of depression and anxiety. The diet’s high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats has been linked to increased inflammation and higher rates of mental health disorders. Researchers are now testing whether dietary interventions can be used to treat mental health conditions. Early trials have shown promising results. In one study, patients with major depression who received dietary counseling along with their usual treatment showed greater improvement than those who received treatment alone. However, the field faces challenges. The relationship between diet and mental health is complex and likely varies from person to person. Genetic factors, lifestyle, and social environment all play a role. Some experts caution against oversimplifying the message—“diet is not a cure-all,” as one researcher put it. Still, the findings suggest that diet could be a valuable tool in mental health care. While it may not replace medication, it could complement existing treatments. The message is simple: what we eat matters—not just for our bodies, but for our minds. 4.What is the main role of gut bacteria in the gut-brain axis? A. They digest food and absorb nutrients. B. They produce neurotransmitters that regulate mood. C. They store energy for the brain. D. They protect the brain from toxins. 5.According to the passage, what is a feature of the Mediterranean diet? A. It is high in processed foods. B. It includes fish, olive oil, and whole grains. C. It contains high amounts of sugar. D. It reduces the growth of gut bacteria. 6.The underlined word “interventions” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. experiments B. treatments or actions taken to improve a condition C. medications D. dietary restrictions 7.What is the author‘s overall attitude toward using diet in mental health care? A. It is a cure-all for mental health disorders. B. It is a promising complement to existing treatments. C. It is not supported by scientific evidence. D. It is too complex to be practical. C ——Knowable Magazine, September 18, 2024（改编） A team of researchers at Lancaster University has discovered that incorporating nano-engineered cellulose fibers derived from carrots and sugar beet into cement can significantly increase its strength — by up to 25% — while reducing the amount of cement required by nearly 30%. The secret lies in the structure of the plant fibers. These fibers are stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis and can bond effectively with cement molecules. “When we add these nano-engineered fibers, the fibers can interact with the cement at a molecular level and actually fill the gaps that exist in concrete at the nano-scale,” says Dr. Mohamed Saafi, the lead researcher. “We’re not extracting anything unnatural,” explains Dr. Saafi. “We‘re just taking what nature has already made and repurposing it.” The team also discovered that these fibers could be extracted from agricultural waste — which means that the material, the source of which is typically thrown away, can be used as a resource for strengthening concrete. The environmental benefits are substantial. The cement industry is responsible for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By reducing the amount of cement needed in concrete production, this innovation could significantly cut the industry’s carbon footprint. The process of extracting the fibers is also energy-efficient, requiring minimal heat or chemical treatment, which further reduces the environmental impact. However, there are still a number of steps before the technology can be deployed on a wide scale. Researchers need to ensure that the fibers perform consistently in different conditions. The process also needs to be scaled up from the laboratory to commercial production, and economic viability must be proven. 8.What is the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage? A. Carrots can be used to make concrete stronger and reduce cement use. B. Carrots are a better construction material than steel. C. Carrot fibers can replace all cement in concrete. D. Carrots can reduce carbon emissions from the agriculture sector. 9.According to paragraph 2, what enables the plant fibers to strengthen concrete? A. They are heavier than steel and fill large gaps. B. They bond with cement molecules and fill nano-scale gaps. C. They chemically react with water to form a stronger bond. D. They melt at high temperatures to fill cracks. 10.The underlined word “repurposing” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. disposing B. using for a different purpose C. improving the quality of D. rejecting as useless 11.According to the passage, why is the extraction process considered environmentally friendly? A. It uses only renewable energy sources. B. It requires minimal heat or chemical treatment. C. It produces no waste products at all. D. It can be completed in a few minutes. D ——The Guardian, April 2024（改编） The experience of beauty has long been a subject of philosophical inquiry. From Plato to Kant, thinkers have explored whether beauty has the power to transform the human mind. A growing body of research suggests that the answer is yes—and that the effects extend far beyond simple enjoyment. A study from the University of Cambridge examined how engaging with art affects cognitive processing. Participants visited the Kettle‘s Yard gallery and were divided into two groups. One group was instructed to focus on the beauty of the artworks; the other was asked to analyze the works for factual details. Both groups completed cognitive tests before and after the visit. The results were striking. Those who focused on beauty showed increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a brain region associated with emotional processing and decision-making. They also performed better on tests measuring abstract thinking and the ability to consider the “bigger picture.” In contrast, the factual analysis group showed no significant cognitive gains. “When we engage with beauty, we are not passive observers,” explains Dr. Simone Schall, senior author of the study. “We are interpreting, connecting, and feeling. This process strengthens the neural networks that support complex thinking.” This psychological shift—known as “psychological distancing”—allows individuals to step back from immediate concerns and adopt a broader perspective. The implications are practical. In healthcare, some hospitals have begun incorporating art into patient recovery programs. In education, schools are reconsidering the value of arts education, not as enrichment, but as a tool for cognitive development. The study reinforces the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies—they are exercises for the mind. 12.What was the task of the “beauty” group in the experiment? A. To analyze the factual details of the paintings. B. To rate the artworks on their beauty. C. To write an essay about the artworks. D. To memorize the names of the paintings. 13.What does the study suggest about engaging with art? A. It has no effect on brain activity. B. It only benefits people who are already creative. C. It can enhance abstract thinking and emotional processing. D. It is less valuable than factual analysis. 14.The phrase “psychological distancing” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. avoiding all emotional responses B. adopting a broader perspective by stepping back from immediate concerns C. ignoring the artwork entirely D. focusing only on the surface details 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. Why Art Museums Are Essential B. The Cognitive Benefits of Engaging with Beauty C. How to Become a Better Artist D. The History of Aesthetic Philosophy 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国生物多样性保护的显著进展——大熊猫、朱鹮、藏羚羊等物种数量大幅增加，保护区面积超过国土面积的18%，以及中国在全球生物多样性保护中的关键作用。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 文中提到的报告的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“China has made remarkable progress in biodiversity conservation over the past decade”直接说明报告主题是中国生物多样性保护的进展。A项“农村经济发展”未提及；C项“环境政策挑战”与“progress”相反；D项“气候变化国际合作”与“biodiversity”不符。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，中国现在有多少国土面积被保护区覆盖？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The country‘s system of protected areas now covers more than 18 percent of its land area”直接说明超过18%。A项“少于10%”、B项“约15%”、D项“超过25%”均与数据不符。故正确答案为C。 3. 答案：C 题干句意： 中国在昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架中扮演了什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“China played a key role in the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022”直接说明中国在框架通过中发挥了关键作用。A项“反对”与“key role”相反；B项“提供主要资金”过于绝对；D项“拒绝参与”与文意相反。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了营养精神病学这一新兴领域，探讨饮食如何通过肠脑轴影响心理健康，以及地中海饮食对降低抑郁和焦虑风险的潜在作用。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 肠道细菌在肠脑轴中的主要作用是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“These bacteria also produce neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood and emotions”说明肠道细菌产生调节情绪的神经递质。A项“消化食物和吸收营养”虽是功能但非本题关键；C项“为大脑储存能量”未提及；D项“保护大脑免受毒素”未提及。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，地中海饮食的一个特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil”直接说明包含鱼类、橄榄油和全谷物。A项“加工食品含量高”是相反特征；C项“高糖”与“whole grains”不符；D项“减少肠道细菌生长”与“supports the growth”相反。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“interventions”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“interventions”意为“干预措施”。文中“whether dietary interventions can be used to treat mental health conditions”指饮食干预措施，即通过饮食改善状况的治疗或行动。A项“实验”过于狭隘；C项“药物”过于具体；D项“饮食限制”只是干预的一种形式。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 作者对饮食在心理健康护理中的应用持什么态度？ 解析： 本题考查观点态度。根据最后一段，“it could complement existing treatments”说明作者认为饮食可作为现有治疗的补充。A项“是万能药”与“not a cure-all”矛盾；C项“无科学证据”与“studies have found”矛盾；D项“太复杂不实用”与“valuable tool”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兰卡斯特大学的研究团队发现将胡萝卜和甜菜中提取的纳米工程纤维素纤维加入水泥中，可使混凝土强度提高25%，同时减少水泥用量近30%，从而降低水泥行业的碳足迹。 8. 答案：A 题干句意： 文中提到的研究的主要发现是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“incorporating nano-engineered cellulose fibers derived from carrots and sugar beet into cement can significantly increase its strength — by up to 25% — while reducing the amount of cement required by nearly 30%”直接说明了研究发现。B项“胡萝卜是比钢材更好的建材”与“stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis”不等同；C项“可完全替代水泥”过于绝对；D项“减少农业碳排放”与“cement industry”不符。故正确答案为A。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，什么使植物纤维能够增强混凝土？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“the fibers can interact with the cement at a molecular level and actually fill the gaps that exist in concrete at the nano-scale”直接说明纤维通过与水泥分子结合并填充纳米级缝隙来增强混凝土。A项“比钢重”与“stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis”相反；C项“与水反应”未提及；D项“高温熔化”未提及。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“repurposing”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“repurposing”意为“重新利用、改变用途”。文中“taking what nature has already made and repurposing it”指将天然材料用于新的用途。A项“处理掉”与文意相反；C项“提高质量”与定义不符；D项“拒绝为无用”与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，为什么提取过程被认为是环保的？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“The process of extracting the fibers is also energy-efficient, requiring minimal heat or chemical treatment”直接说明该过程需要极少的加热或化学处理。A项“仅使用可再生能源”未提及；C项“完全不产生废物”过于绝对；D项“几分钟完成”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究，表明主动欣赏艺术之美可以促进抽象思维和心理距离，帮助人们摆脱日常思维的局限。 12. 答案：B 题干句意： 实验中“美感”组的任务是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“One group was instructed to focus on the beauty of the artworks”说明该组任务是将注意力集中在艺术品的美感上，即对其美感进行评判。A项“分析事实细节”是对照组的任务；C项“写论文”未提及；D项“记画名”未提及。故正确答案为B。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 关于欣赏艺术，研究表明了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，美感组“performed better on tests measuring abstract thinking”且大脑区域活跃度增加。A项“无影响”与“striking results”矛盾；B项“仅益于已有创造力的人”未提及；D项“不如事实分析有价值”与研究结论相反。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中“psychological distancing”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。根据第四段，“allows individuals to step back from immediate concerns and adopt a broader perspective”是对“psychological distancing”的解释。A项“避免所有情绪反应”、C项“完全忽略艺术品”、D项“仅关注表面细节”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍欣赏美感对认知的益处——抽象思维和心理距离。A项“为什么艺术博物馆必不可少”过于宽泛；C项“如何成为更好的艺术家”偏离主题；D项“美学哲学史”侧重于历史而非研究。故正确答案为B。 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The report, titled ‘China‘s Biodiversity Conservation: Progress and Outlook (2025),’ stated that the population of giant pandas in the wild has increased from 1,864 in 2015 to over 2,000, while the number of crested ibises has grown from 2,400 to over 5,000.” 翻译： 这份题为《中国生物多样性保护：进展与展望（2025）》的报告指出，野生大熊猫的数量已从2015年的1,864只增加到2,000多只，而朱鹮的数量已从2,400只增长到5,000多只。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含过去分词短语作插入语、宾语从句和while引导的对比状语从句。 主句：The report（主语）stated（谓语） 插入语：titled ‘China‘s Biodiversity Conservation: Progress and Outlook (2025)‘（过去分词短语作定语，修饰report） 宾语从句：that the population of giant pandas in the wild has increased from 1,864 in 2015 to over 2,000（作stated的宾语） 对比状语从句：while the number of crested ibises has grown from 2,400 to over 5,000（while引导对比状语从句，表示“而”） 2. 原句： “The study reinforces the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies, suggesting that engaging with beauty is not merely a passive experience but an active mental exercise that strengthens the neural networks supporting complex thinking and emotional balance.” 翻译： 这项研究强调了艺术创作和欣赏不仅仅是爱好的重要性，表明参与美的体验不仅仅是被动的经历，而是一种主动的心智锻炼，能够强化支持复杂思维和情绪平衡的神经网络。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含一个现在分词短语作结果状语，其中嵌套一个宾语从句，该宾语从句中包含一个表语结构和一个定语从句。 主句：The study reinforces（谓语）the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies（宾语） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, suggesting that...（suggesting的逻辑主语是前面的整句内容） 宾语从句：that engaging with beauty is not merely a passive experience but an active mental exercise（作suggesting的宾语，其中包含“not merely...but...”的并列表语结构） 定语从句：that strengthens the neural networks（修饰先行词exercise） 现在分词短语作定语：supporting complex thinking and emotional balance（修饰neural networks，相当于which support...） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $