内容正文:
真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2023·全国二卷)
话题:柏林动物园的熊猫饲养员英语培训
一、真题再现
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 56 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 58?
Not the pandas, even though 59 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 61 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 62 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 63 (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 64 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 65 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
二、核心词汇及短语
1. questioning /ˈkwestʃənɪŋ/ adj. 询问的;质疑的
Example: She gave me a questioning look when I told her the news.
2. arrival /əˈraɪvl/ n. 到达;抵达
Example: We are waiting for the arrival of the train.
3. keeper /ˈkiːpə(r)/ n. 饲养员;保管员
Example: The zookeeper feeds the animals every morning.
4. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的;有信心的
Example: She feels confident about passing the exam.
5. flood /flʌd/ n. 大量;洪水 v. 淹没
Example: We received a flood of letters from fans.
6. journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 记者;新闻工作者
Example: The journalist interviewed the famous actor.
7. trainer /ˈtreɪnə(r)/ n. 培训师;教练
Example: The trainer taught us how to use the equipment.
8. basically /ˈbeɪsɪkli/ adv. 基本上;主要地
Example: Basically, you need to study hard to pass the exam.
9. honor /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉;荣幸
Example: It's an honor to meet you.
10. settle into /ˈsetl ˈɪntuː/ phr. 适应;安顿下来
Example: It took me a month to settle into my new job.
11. on loan /ɒn ləʊn/ phr. 借来的;出借的
Example: The paintings are on loan from the National Museum.
12. figure out /ˈfɪɡə(r) aʊt/ phr. 弄明白;理解
Example: I can't figure out why he said that.
13. a flood of /ə flʌd əv/ phr. 大量的
Example: A flood of tourists come to the city every summer.
14. live out /lɪv aʊt/ phr. 实践;实现(梦想)
Example: She is living out her dream of becoming a singer.
三、易错点分析及知识点总结
易错点一:词性转换(动词 → 名词)
原题: 56. arrival
错误答案: arrive / arriving / arrived
错因分析: 根据空白处前的定冠词"the"和空白处后的"of"可知,此处需要填入一个名词作"before"的宾语。"arrive"的动词形式不能作宾语,其名词形式为"arrival"。
知识点总结:
(1)介词(before/after/at/in/on等)后面接名词或动名词作宾语。
(2)常考的"动词→名词"后缀:
-al:arrive → arrival, refuse → refusal, propose → proposal
-tion:educate → education, organize → organization
-ment:develop → development, achieve → achievement
(3)判断方法:看到"the...of"结构,中间通常填名词。
【真题1】(2021·全国乙卷)
We were waiting for the ________ (arrive) of the bus.
【真题2】(2022·全国甲卷)
The ________ (educate) of children is very important.
【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷)
The ________ (achieve) of the team was recognized by the school.
易错点二:非谓语动词(现在分词作定语)
原题: 60. visiting
错误答案: visited / visitor / visit
错因分析: 空白处修饰名词"Chinese zookeepers"(中国来访的动物园管理员),"visit"与其逻辑主语"Chinese zookeepers"之间是主动关系(中国的动物园管理员来访问),故用现在分词"visiting"作定语。"visited"表示被动,不符合此处语境。
知识点总结:
(1)现在分词(-ing)作定语:表示主动关系(被修饰词是动作的执行者)
(2)过去分词(-ed)作定语:表示被动关系(被修饰词是动作的承受者)
(3)现在分词作定语常译为"……的",如visiting Chinese zookeepers = 来访的中国动物园管理员
【真题1】(2022·新高考I卷)
The ________ (visit) tourists took many photos of the view.
【真题2】(2021·全国乙卷)
The ________ (develop) country needs more medical resources.
【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷)
The ________ (sleep) baby is in the next room.
易错点三:名词性从句连接副词的选择
原题: 62. why
错误答案: that / because / how
错因分析: 根据上文可知,中国的熊猫饲养员需要用英语与人交流,这些原因构成了他们需要英语培训师的理由。此处需要一个表示"原因"的连接副词来引导表语从句。故填"why"。
知识点总结:
(1)名词性从句连接词分类:
连接代词(what/who/which):在从句中作主语/宾语
连接副词(when/where/why/how):在从句中作状语
连接词(that/if/whether):不作成分
(2)表语从句判断:This is + 从句("This is why..."意为"这就是……的原因")
(3)That's why...(那就是……的原因)是高考高频句型。
【真题1】(2020·全国I卷)
That is ________ I was late for school.
【真题2】(2022·全国甲卷)
I don't know ________ he did that.
【真题3】(2023·全国乙卷)
Can you tell me ________ the meeting will be held?
四、同话题时事热点阅读
下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料,与"动物保护/跨文化交流"同话题,难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词,请在阅读时重点关注。
Giant Pandas: Ambassadors of Friendship and Conservation
Giant pandas have long served as China's ambassadors of friendship, captivating hearts around the world with their gentle nature and distinctive black-and-white appearance. The loan of pandas to foreign zoos is not merely a diplomatic gesture but an important part of international conservation efforts. Through these cooperative programs, researchers from different countries can collaborate on breeding techniques, disease prevention, and habitat protection, contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species. The arrival of a new panda at a zoo often attracts thousands of visitors, raising public awareness about endangered species.
长期以来,大熊猫一直作为中国的友谊使者,以其温和的性格和独特的黑白外观吸引着全世界人们的心。将大熊猫租借给外国动物园不仅仅是一种外交姿态,更是国际保护工作的重要组成部分。通过这些合作项目,来自不同国家的研究人员可以合作研究繁殖技术、疾病预防和栖息地保护,为这一标志性物种的长期生存做出贡献。一只新大熊猫来到动物园通常会吸引成千上万的游客,提高公众对濒危物种的认识。
The care of giant pandas in foreign zoos requires specialized knowledge and skills. Keepers must not only learn about the pandas' dietary needs and behavioral patterns but also communicate effectively with Chinese experts who regularly visit to monitor the pandas' health. This cultural exchange has created a unique bond between zoos across the world, fostering mutual understanding and respect. Many keepers describe working with pandas as a life-changing experience that deepens their appreciation for wildlife conservation.
在国外动物园照顾大熊猫需要专门的知识和技能。饲养员不仅要了解大熊猫的饮食需求和行为模式,还要与中国专家进行有效沟通,这些专家会定期来访监测大熊猫的健康状况。这种文化交流在世界各地的动物园之间建立了独特的纽带,促进了相互理解和尊重。许多饲养员描述与大熊猫一起工作是一次改变人生的经历,加深了他们对野生动物保护的欣赏。
Looking ahead, the future of giant panda conservation relies heavily on continued international cooperation. Climate change and habitat loss remain serious threats to wild panda populations. However, the success of captive breeding programs and reintroduction efforts offers hope. As one expert put it, "The story of the giant panda is a story of survival and hope —a reminder that when nations work together, we can make a difference in protecting our planet's precious biodiversity."
展望未来,大熊猫保护的未来在很大程度上依赖于持续的国际合作。气候变化和栖息地丧失仍然是对野生大熊猫种群的严重威胁。然而,圈养繁殖计划和重新引入工作的成功带来了希望。正如一位专家所说:"大熊猫的故事是一个关于生存和希望的故事——它提醒我们,当各国携手合作时,我们可以在保护地球宝贵的生物多样性方面发挥作用。"
阅读核心词汇(背诵掌握):
ambassadors /æmˈbæsədəz/ n. 使者;大使
captivating /ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ/ v. 吸引;迷住
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护;保存
collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 合作;协作
contributing /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪŋ/ v. 贡献;促成
specialized /ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/ adj. 专门的;专业的
behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ adj. 行为的
respect /rɪˈspekt/ n. 尊重;尊敬
appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏;感激
cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作;协作
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存;存活
hope /həʊp/ n. 希望
五、默写
第一组(来自真题语篇,共15题):
1. 询问的;质疑的 _______________
2. 到达;抵达 _______________
3. 饲养员;保管员 _______________
4. 自信的;有信心的 _______________
5. 大量;洪水 _______________
6. 记者 _______________
7. 培训师 _______________
8. 基本上 _______________
9. 荣誉;荣幸 _______________
10. 适应;安顿下来 _______________
11. 借来的;出借的 _______________
12. 弄明白;理解 _______________
13. 大量的 _______________
14. 实践;实现 _______________
15. 游客;访问者 _______________
第二组(来自阅读拓展,共5题):
16. 保护;保存 _______________
17. 合作;协作 _______________
18. 行为 _______________
19. 欣赏;感激 _______________
20. 生存 _______________
【参考答案】
(一)语法填空真题详解
56. arrival 考查词性转换。根据空白处前的定冠词"the"和空白处后的"of"可知,此处应填入一个名词,因此该空应填"arrive"的名词形式"arrival"。
57. confident 考查词性转换。由空白处前由"and"连接的并列形容词"comfortable"可知,该空应填"confidence"的形容词形式"confident"。
58. with 考查介词。"speak English with sb"为固定搭配,意为"和某人讲英语"。
59. the 考查冠词。根据空白处后内容可知,此处特指用于医学训练的语言,因此应填定冠词"the"表特指。
60. visiting 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,空白处修饰名词"Chinese zookeepers",且与其为逻辑上的主动关系,故应用动词-ing形式作定语,"visiting"表示"访问的"。
61. interviews 考查名词复数。"give an interview"意为"接受采访","interview"为可数名词,其前没有不定冠词,因此该空应填其复数形式"interviews"。
62. why 考查名词性从句。根据上文可知,中国的熊猫饲养员要用英语与人交流,根据两句之间的逻辑关系,这是他们需要英语培训师的原因,因此该空应填入连接副词"why"。
63. Basically 考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知,该空应为句子副词作状语,修饰整个句子,故应填"Basically",意为"总体上来说"。位于句首首字母大写。
64. and 考查连词。此处"to watch the panda programme develop"和"to see the pandas settle into their new home"为并列成分,故应用并列连词"and"连接。
65. wished 考查谓语动词。根据空白处前"As a little girl"及下文的"when I grew up"可知,本句时态为一般过去时,因此该空应填"wish"的过去式"wished"。
(二)易错点配套真题答案
易错点一配套真题:
1. arrival(2021·全国乙卷)
2. education(2022·全国甲卷)
3. achievement(2023·全国甲卷)
易错点二配套真题:
1. visiting(2022·新高考I卷)
2. developing(2021·全国乙卷)
3. sleeping(2023·全国甲卷)
易错点三配套真题:
1. why(2020·全国I卷)
2. why(2022·全国甲卷)
3. when/where/how(2023·全国乙卷)
(三)默写答案
1. questioning
2. arrival
3. keeper
4. confident
5. flood
6. journalist
7. trainer
8. basically
9. honor
10. settle into
11. on loan
12. figure out
13. a flood of
14. live out
15. visitor
16. conservation
17. collaboration/cooperation
18. behavior
19. appreciation
20. survival
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