内容正文:
真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2022·全国二卷)
话题:见义勇为——亨利救幼童
一、真题再现
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the [56]________ (fall)child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
[57]________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell [58]________ (sleep)while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up [59]________ (see)them. When he looked down, he [60]________ (accidental)slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes [61]________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry [62]________ (fix)his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly [63]________ (throw)his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
"He saved my [64]________ (son)life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know [65]________ to thank him."
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
二、核心词汇及短语
1. balcony /ˈbælkəni/ n. 阳台
Example: She stood on the balcony and waved to us.
2. fence /fens/ n. 栅栏;围栏
Example: He jumped over the fence to escape.
3. fall /fɔːl/ v. 掉落;落下(fall-fell-fallen)
Example: The child fell from the balcony.
4. knock down /nɒk daʊn/ phr. 撞倒;击倒
Example: The boy knocked down the pile of books.
5. apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 公寓
Example: They live in a small apartment in the city.
6. accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 事故;意外
Example: The accident happened on a rainy day.
7. asleep /əˈsliːp/ adj. 睡着的
Example: The baby fell asleep in her mother's arms.
8. wake up /weɪk ʌp/ phr. 醒来;唤醒
Example: I woke up late this morning.
9. push /pʊʃ/ v. 推
Example: He pushed the door open and entered.
10. climb up /klaɪm ʌp/ phr. 爬上;攀登
Example: The cat climbed up the tree.
11. accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ adv. 意外地;偶然地
Example: I accidentally dropped my phone into the water.
12. slip /slɪp/ v. 滑倒;滑动
Example: She slipped on the ice and fell.
13. hang on /hæŋ ɒn/ phr. 抓紧;坚持
Example: He hung on to the rope tightly.
14. scream /skriːm/ v. 尖叫;呼喊
Example: She screamed for help when she saw the fire.
15. throw aside /θrəʊ əˈsaɪd/ phr. 扔到一边
Example: He threw his tools aside and ran to help.
16. start running /stɑːt ˈrʌnɪŋ/ phr. 开始跑
Example: When he saw the boy, he started running.
17. hold out /həʊld aʊt/ phr. 伸出;提供
Example: He held out his hand to help her up.
18. on the weekend /ɒn ðə ˌwiːkˈend/ phr. 在周末
Example: I visited my grandparents on the weekend.
19. at work /æt wɜːk/ phr. 在工作;上班
Example: My mother is at work now.
三、易错点分析及知识点总结
易错点一:非谓语动词(现在分词作定语)
原题: 56. falling
错误答案: fallen / to fall / fell
错因分析: 句中的"held out"为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意可知,"child"和"fall"之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的动作(正在掉落的),应该使用现在分词"falling"作定语。
知识点总结:
(1)现在分词(-ing)作定语:表示主动、进行。
(2)过去分词(-ed)作定语:表示被动、完成。
(3)不定式(to do)作定语:表示将来。
(4)判断方法:看被修饰词与动词的逻辑关系。
【真题1】(2022·新高考I卷)
The ________ (fall) leaves covered the ground.
【真题2】(2021·全国乙卷)
The ________ (sleep) baby is in the next room.
【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷)
The ________ (develop) country needs more medical resources.
易错点二:冠词(定冠词表特指)
原题: 57. The
错误答案: A / 不填
错因分析: 根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与"Brown family"构成名词短语作主语。"the + 姓氏复数"意为"某某一家"或"某某夫妇",表示特指这一家人。同时该单词位于句首,首字母应该大写。
知识点总结:
(1)"the + 姓氏复数":指"某某一家"或"某某夫妇"。如:the Smiths(史密斯一家)。
(2)"a/an + 姓氏单数":指"一个姓……的人"。
(3)"the + 形容词":指"一类人",如the rich(富人),the poor(穷人)。
【真题1】(2021·全国乙卷)
________ Smiths are going to visit China next month.
【真题2】(2022·全国甲卷)
________ young should respect the old.
【真题3】(2023·全国甲卷)
________ Greens have lived here for ten years.
易错点三:疑问词+不定式结构
原题: 65. how
错误答案: what / when / where
错因分析: "I don't know how to thank him"意为"我不知道该如何感谢他"。这里是"疑问词+不定式"结构,作"know"的宾语。"how"表示方式,符合句意。"what to thank"不搭配(thank后接人,不接物),"when/where"不符合语境。
知识点总结:
(1)疑问词 + to do:在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
(2)常用疑问词:what, how, when, where, whether等。
(3)判断方法:看句意需要表达"什么""怎样""何时""何地"还是"是否"。
【真题1】(2020·全国I卷)
I don't know ________ to solve this problem.
【真题2】(2022·新高考I卷)
She can't decide ________ to accept the offer.
【真题3】(2023·全国乙卷)
Please tell me ________ to get to the station.
四、同话题时事热点阅读
下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料,与"见义勇为/社会正能量"同话题,难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词,请在阅读时重点关注。
Everyday Heroes: Ordinary People Doing Extraordinary Things
Every day, ordinary people around the world perform extraordinary acts of courage and kindness. These unsung heroes, often unnoticed, step up in moments of crisis to help others, asking nothing in return. Henry Tyler's instinctive reaction to save a three-year-old child hanging from a balcony is just one example of how the human spirit can transcend fear and hesitation. Whether it's rescuing someone from a burning building, donating a vital organ, or simply helping a stranger in distress, these acts of bravery remind us of the resilience and compassion that exist within humanity.
每天,世界各地都有普通人做出非凡的勇敢和善良之举。这些默默无闻的英雄,常常不被注意,在危机时刻挺身而出帮助他人,不求回报。亨利·泰勒本能地反应,去救一个悬挂在阳台上的三岁孩子,只是人类精神如何超越恐惧和犹豫的一个例子。无论从燃烧的建筑中救人、捐献重要器官,还是帮助遇到困难的陌生人,这些勇敢的行为都提醒着我们存在于人性中的韧性和同情心。
One of the most remarkable aspects of everyday heroism is its spontaneity. Heroes do not have time to calculate risks or weigh consequences; they act on pure instinct. Studies in social psychology have shown that people who perform such acts are often driven by a combination of empathy, personal values, and a sense of social responsibility. Moreover, witnessing acts of heroism can have a ripple effect, inspiring others to step forward and make a difference in their communities. This chain reaction of goodwill helps to strengthen the bonds within society and fosters a culture of mutual support.
日常英雄主义最显著的特点之一就是它的自发性。英雄们没有时间去计算风险或权衡后果;他们完全是凭本能行动。社会心理学研究表明,做出这些行为的人往往是受到同理心、个人价值观和社会责任感的共同驱动。此外,目睹英雄主义行为能产生连锁效应,激励他人站出来,在社区中发挥作用。这种善意的连锁反应有助于加强社会内部的联系,营造相互支持的文化。
Of course, not all heroic acts require dramatic life-or-death decisions. Small acts of kindness --- offering a seat to an elderly person, helping a neighbor carry groceries, or comforting someone in tears --- are equally valuable in creating a caring society. These "micro-heroisms" are accessible to everyone and, when repeated, have a profound impact on community well-being. As the Chinese saying goes, "A single spark can start a prairie fire." By encouraging and celebrating both grand gestures and small kindnesses, we can all become heroes in our own way and build a better world for future generations.
当然,并非所有的英雄行为都需要戏剧性的生死抉择。小小的善举——给老人让座、帮邻居提杂货或安慰哭泣的人——在创建一个充满关爱的社会中同样重要。这些"微小的英雄行为"对每个人来说都是可及的,当它们反复发生时,会对社区的福祉产生深远影响。正如中国俗话所说:"星星之火,可以燎原。"通过鼓励和赞美伟大的壮举和微小的善举,我们都能以自己的方式成为英雄,为子孙后代建设一个更美好的世界。
阅读核心词汇(背诵掌握):
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdənri/ adj. 非凡的;杰出的
unsung /ʌnˈsʌŋ/ adj. 未被赞颂的;埋没的
instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/ adj. 本能的;直觉的
transcend /trænˈsend/ v. 超越
resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 韧性;恢复力
compassion /kəmˈpæʃn/ n. 同情心;怜悯
spontaneity /ˌspɒntəˈneɪəti/ n. 自发性;主动性
calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算;估算
instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ n. 本能;直觉
combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合;组合
values /ˈvæljuːz/ n. 价值观
ripple effect /ˈrɪpl ɪˈfekt/ phr. 连锁效应
step forward /step ˈfɔːwəd/ phr. 站出来;挺身而出
bonds /bɒndz/ n. 联系;纽带
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ adj. 有价值的;宝贵的
accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可获得的;可接近的
五、默写
第一组(来自真题语篇,共15题):
1. 阳台 _______________
2. 栅栏;围栏 _______________
3. 掉落;落下 _______________
4. 撞倒;击倒 _______________
5. 公寓 _______________
6. 事故;意外 _______________
7. 睡着的 _______________
8. 醒来 _______________
9. 推 _______________
10. 爬上 _______________
11. 意外地;偶然地 _______________
12. 滑倒 _______________
13. 抓紧;坚持 _______________
14. 尖叫 _______________
15. 伸出 _______________
第二组(来自阅读拓展,共5题):
16. 非凡的 _______________
17. 本能的 _______________
18. 超越 _______________
19. 韧性 _______________
20. 同情心 _______________
【参考答案】
(一)语法填空真题详解
56. falling 考查非谓语动词。句中的"held out"为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意可知,"child"和"fall"之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的动作,应该使用现在分词"falling"作定语。
57. The 考查冠词。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与"Brown family"构成名词短语作主语。"the + 姓氏复数"意为"某某一家",the符合句意。同时该单词位于句首,首字母应该大写。
58. asleep 考查形容词。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。"sleep"为动词,意为"睡觉",其形容词为"asleep","fall asleep"为固定搭配,意为"睡着"。
59. to see 考查非谓语动词。句中的"climbed up"为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台上去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们),故应该使用"to do"动词不定式作目的状语。
60. accidentally 考查副词。根据句子结构,设空处位于主语后谓语动词前且提示词是形容词"accidental",应该填写副词修饰动词"slipped"。"accidental"为形容词,意为"意外的,失误的",其副词为"accidentally",意为"意外地,失误地"。
61. and 考查并列连词。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。设空处应该填写连词,连接"hung"和"screamed"两个动作。
62. was fixing 考查谓语动词时态。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词,根据句型"be doing...when..."可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实,故使用过去进行时"was fixing"。
63. threw 考查谓语动词时态。提示词是动词"throw",谓语主语"he"之后,根据逗号后"and started running"可知,设空处应填谓语时态,"and"连接两个并列的谓语动词,故应填过去时"threw"。
64. son's 考查名词所有格。此处表示"他拯救了我儿子的生命",应用名词所有格作"life"的定语,故填"son's"。
65. how 考查"疑问词+to do"结构作宾语。此处意为"我不知道该如何感谢他",表示方式,故填"how"。
(二)易错点配套真题答案
易错点一配套真题:
1. falling(2022·新高考I卷)
2. sleeping(2021·全国乙卷)
3. developing(2023·全国甲卷)
易错点二配套真题:
1. The(2021·全国乙卷)
2. The(2022·全国甲卷)
3. The(2023·全国甲卷)
易错点三配套真题:
1. how(2020·全国I卷)
2. whether(2022·新高考I卷)
3. how(2023·全国乙卷)
(三)默写答案
1. balcony
2. fence
3. fall
4. knock down
5. apartment
6. accident
7. asleep
8. wake up
9. push
10. climb up
11. accidentally
12. slip
13. hang on
14. scream
15. hold out
16. extraordinary
17. instinctive
18. transcend
19. resilience
20. compassion
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