真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2019·全国一卷）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理了语法填空核心考点，涵盖同位语从句、副词转换、介词后动名词等关键语法点，通过“真题再现-核心词汇-易错点分析-真题巩固”的层级架构，引导学生结合北极熊生态保护话题自主构建语法知识网络，形成从理解到应用的完整认知路径。 亮点在于自主诊断与思维品质培养，开篇设置真题实战情境，中间通过易错点配套高考真题（如2018全国I卷同位语从句题）引导学生分析错因，结尾设计分层默写任务（真题词汇与拓展词汇）。既提升语言能力（词汇与语法应用），又培养学习能力（自主总结规律），教师可依据学生错题分布精准指导，支持个性化复习需求。

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2019·全国一卷） 话题：北极熊种群研究与生态保护 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence [61]________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been [62]________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods [63]________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive [64]________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut [65]________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a [66]________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by [67]________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are [68]________ (high) than they actually are. Of [69]________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six [70]________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 二、核心词汇及短语 1. polar bear /ˈpəʊlə beə(r)/ n. 北极熊 Example: The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. 2. Arctic Circle /ˈɑːktɪk ˈsɜːkl/ n. 北极圈 Example: The Arctic Circle is the region where polar bears primarily live. 3. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明 Example: There is evidence that polar bears range all the way across the Arctic. 4. range /reɪndʒ/ v. 分布；延伸 n. 范围 Example: Polar bears range across the Arctic and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 5. figure out /ˈfɪɡə(r) aʊt/ phr. 计算出；弄明白 Example: It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears. 6. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算；估计 Example: Biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 7. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 使用；采用；雇用 Example: Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed since the mid-1980s. 8. consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/ adv. 一贯地；一致地 Example: The methods are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 9. sighting /ˈsaɪtɪŋ/ n. 目击；看见 Example: Some Inuit people have reported increases in bear sightings. 10. illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/ n. 错觉；幻觉 Example: The increases in sightings may lead to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are. 11. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 下降；减少 n. 下降 Example: Three of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations are declining. 12. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；安定的 Example: Six subpopulations are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 13. subpopulation /ˌsʌbpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 亚种群；子种群 Example: There are nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations. 14. all the way across /ɔːl ðə weɪ əˈkrɒs/ phr. 一直延伸到 Example: Polar bears range all the way across the Arctic. 15. respond by doing /rɪˈspɒnd baɪ ˈduːɪŋ/ phr. 通过做某事来回应 Example: Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around settlements. 16. lead to /liːd tuː/ phr. 导致；引起 Example: The increases in sightings are leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的，我把它们整理出来，每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空，供大家即时巩固。 易错点一：同位语从句连接词的选择 原题： 61. that 错误答案： which / what / when 错因分析： 该空前后均为句子，空格后面的句子是对空格前名词"evidence"的内容进行解释说明，且从句中"they range..."主谓宾完整，不缺任何成分，表陈述语气，判断该空为同位语从句的引导词，故填"that"。"which"在从句中作主语或宾语（必须缺成分），"what"也在从句中作主语或宾语，不能用于此处。 知识点总结： （1）同位语从句：用"that"引导，对前面的抽象名词（fact， news， idea， evidence， belief， hope等）进行内容解释。that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 （2）定语从句：用关系代词（which/that/who/whom/whose）或关系副词（where/when/why）引导，对先行词进行修饰限制。关系词在从句中作成分。 （3）判断方法：从句是否缺少主语/宾语/状语？缺→定语从句；不缺→同位语从句（常用that）。 【真题1】（2019·全国I卷） While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic. 答案与解析：that。此题正是该考点的原句，evidence后接同位语从句，从句完整，用that。 【真题2】（2018·全国I卷） The fact ________ she had not said anything surprised all of us. 答案与解析：that。fact后接同位语从句，从句"she had not said anything"完整，用that。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） The news ________ our team had won the game excited everyone. 答案与解析：that。news后接同位语从句，从句完整，用that。 易错点二：词性转换（形容词 → 副词） 原题： 62. poorly 错误答案： poor / poorer 错因分析： 该空修饰过去分词"studied"，需要用副词形式。"poor"的副词形式为"poorly"，表示"贫乏地；不充分地"。句意为"这个区域大部分未被充分研究"。 知识点总结： （1）副词修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词，作状语。 （2）形容词变副词的规则： 直接加-ly：poor → poorly， recent → recently， quick → quickly 以-y结尾变-i加-ly：happy → happily， easy → easily 以-le结尾变-ly：terrible → terribly， gentle → gently （3）判断方法：看到被修饰的是动词/形容词/副词，就用副词形式。 【真题1】（2019·全国I卷） It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied. 答案与解析：poorly。此题正是该考点的原句，修饰"studied"用副词。 【真题2】（2018·全国I卷） The water was ________ (extreme) cold, so we didn't swim for long. 答案与解析：extremely。修饰形容词"cold"用副词。 【真题3】（2016·全国III卷） He worked very ________ (hard) to achieve his goal. 答案与解析：hard。hard本身既是形容词也是副词，此处修饰动词"worked"，用副词hard，意为"努力地"。 易错点三：非谓语动词（介词后接动名词） 原题： 67. noting 错误答案： note / noted / to note 错因分析： 介词"by"后面需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。根据句意，科学家通过"指出"饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类定居点周围来回应，故用动词"note"的动名词形式"noting"作介词"by"的宾语。此处"noting"前省略了主语"scientists"，但逻辑主语与句子主语一致，为主动关系。 知识点总结： （1）介词（by， of， for， without， after， before等）+ 动名词（doing）。 （2）动名词作宾语：表示一般性的动作或已经发生/正在发生的动作。 （3）常用结构： respond by doing sth（通过做某事来回应） lead to doing sth（导致做某事） look forward to doing sth（期待做某事） be used to doing sth（习惯做某事） 【真题1】（2019·全国I卷） Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements. 答案与解析：noting。此题正是该考点的原句，介词"by"后接动名词。 【真题2】（2018·全国II卷） He left without ________ (say) goodbye to anyone. 答案与解析：saying。介词"without"后接动名词作宾语。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） I look forward to ________ (hear) from you soon. 答案与解析：hearing。"look forward to"中的"to"是介词，后接动名词，表示"期待做某事"。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料，与"野生动物保护/气候变化"同话题，难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词，请在阅读时重点关注。 The Plight of the Polar Bear: A Warning from the Arctic The polar bear, the largest land carnivore on Earth, has long been a symbol of the Arctic's wild and pristine beauty. However, this iconic species is now facing an unprecedented threat due to the rapid loss of sea ice, their primary hunting ground. As global temperatures rise, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of the rest of the planet, causing sea ice to melt earlier in the spring and freeze later in the autumn. This diminishing ice cover significantly reduces the time polar bears have to hunt seals, their main food source, forcing them to swim greater distances and expend more energy. Consequently, many bears are suffering from lower body weight and reduced reproductive success. 北极熊，地球上最大的陆地食肉动物，长期以来一直是北极原始野性之美的象征。然而，这个标志性物种正面临着前所未有的威胁，原因是其主要的狩猎场所——海冰的迅速消失。随着全球气温上升，北极的变暖速度是全球其他地区的两倍多，导致海冰在春季提前融化，在秋季推迟冻结。这种逐渐减少的冰盖显著缩短了北极熊捕猎海豹（它们的主要食物来源）的时间，迫使它们游更远的距离并消耗更多的能量。结果，许多北极熊的体重下降，繁殖成功率降低。 In recent years, scientists have documented an alarming increase in polar bear sightings near human settlements. While this may initially suggest that populations are expanding, the reality is far more disturbing. As the ice retreats, bears are forced to spend more time on land, where they often come into conflict with humans. The problem is particularly acute in the Canadian Arctic, where communities have reported more frequent encounters with hungry bears. This has prompted conservationists to advocate for stronger protective measures, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating protected areas that safeguard critical habitat. 近年来，科学家记录了北极熊在人类定居点附近出现的次数惊人地增加。虽然这最初可能表明种群在扩大，但现实远比这更令人不安。随着冰层消退，北极熊被迫在陆地上度过更多时间，在那里它们经常与人类发生冲突。这个问题在加拿大北极地区尤为严峻，那里的社区报告了更多与饥饿的北极熊相遇的事件。这促使环保主义者倡导采取更有力的保护措施，包括减少温室气体排放和创建保护关键栖息地的保护区。 Looking ahead, the future of the polar bear hangs in the balance. Climate models predict that if current warming trends continue, two-thirds of the world's polar bears could disappear by 2050. However, there is still hope. International cooperation through agreements such as the Polar Bear Agreement of 1973 and the Paris Climate Agreement has been essential in coordinating conservation efforts. The recent designation of new marine protected areas in the Arctic offers encouraging signs that governments are beginning to take the crisis seriously. As one scientist emphasized, "Saving the polar bear is not just about saving one species; it is about saving the entire Arctic ecosystem, which is critical to the health of our planet." 展望未来，北极熊的命运悬而未决。气候模型预测，如果当前的变暖趋势继续下去，到2050年，世界上三分之二的北极熊可能会消失。然而，仍有希望。通过《1973年北极熊协议》和《巴黎气候协定》等协议进行的国际合作对于协调保护工作至关重要。北极新指定的海洋保护区提供了令人鼓舞的信号，表明各国政府已开始认真对待这场危机。正如一位科学家所强调的："拯救北极熊不仅仅是拯救一个物种；这是关于拯救整个北极生态系统，这对我们地球的健康至关重要。" 阅读核心词汇（背诵掌握）： symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征；标志 unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 前所未有的；空前的 diminishing /dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ/ v./adj. 逐渐减少的 reduces /rɪˈdjuːsɪz/ v. 减少；降低 expend /ɪkˈspend/ v. 消耗；花费 alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj. 令人担忧的；惊人的 initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 最初；开始 disturbing /dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ/ adj. 令人不安的 acute /əˈkjuːt/ adj. 严峻的；尖锐的 prompted /prɒmptɪd/ v. 促使；激励 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡 essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 必要的；至关重要的 encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adj. 令人鼓舞的 emphasized /ˈemfəsaɪzd/ v. 强调 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 关键的；至关重要的 五、默写 第一组（来自真题语篇，共15题）： 1. 北极熊 _______________ 2. 北极圈 _______________ 3. 证据 _______________ 4. 分布；延伸 _______________ 5. 计算出；弄明白 _______________ 6. 计算；估计 _______________ 7. 使用；采用 _______________ 8. 一贯地；一致地 _______________ 9. 目击；看见 _______________ 10. 错觉；幻觉 _______________ 11. 下降；减少 _______________ 12. 稳定的 _______________ 13. 亚种群 _______________ 14. 一直延伸到 _______________ 15. 导致；引起 _______________ 第二组（来自阅读拓展，共5题）： 16. 前所未有的 _______________ 17. 消耗 _______________ 18. 令人鼓舞的 _______________ 19. 强调 _______________ 20. 关键的；至关重要的 _______________ 【参考答案】 （一）语法填空真题详解（按61-70题顺序） 61. that 考查连词。该空前后均为句子，空格后面的句子是对空格前名词"evidence"的内容的解释说明，且从句中"they range all the way across the Arctic"主谓宾完整，不缺任何成分，表陈述语气，判断该空为同位语从句的引导词，故填"that"。 62. poorly 考查副词。该空前后为谓语成分"has been studied"，用副词修饰谓语动词，表示"被不充分地研究"，故填"poorly"。 63. of/for 考查介词。该空前为名词"methods"，空格后为动名词"tracking"，应填介词。根据句意表所属关系，应填"of"；也可填"method"常用搭配的介词"for"。两种答案均可。 64. to perform 考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词"are"，应填动词的非谓语形式。根据"be + 形容词 + to do"结构，表示"做起来很昂贵"，应填"to perform"。 65. have reported 考查谓语动词。该空所在分句无连词，应填动词的谓语形式。本句时间状语为"in recent years"，是现在完成时的标志，谓语时态为现在完成时；主语"Inuit people"与"report"之间为主动关系；且"people"为复数。故填"have reported"。 66. belief 考查词性转换。不定冠词"a"后面需要加名词作宾语，故用"believe"的名词形式"belief"，意为"信念；看法"。其后"that"引导同位语从句说明"belief"的内容。 67. noting 考查非谓语动词。介词"by"后面需要加名词、代词或动名词，根据句意分析，科学家通过"指出"饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类定居点周围来回应，故用动词"note"的动名词形式"noting"。 68. higher 考查形容词比较级。空白处后面有"than"，故此处需用比较级形式，填"higher"。 69. the 考查定冠词表示特指。根据句意"在已被识别的19种北极熊亚种群中"，"nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations"是特指，故填定冠词"the"。 70. are 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可以看出短文最后一句话是由4个简单句构成的并列句，主语"six"指代"subpopulations"，为复数，时态为一般现在时，故填"are"。 （二）易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题： 1. that（2019·全国I卷） 2. that（2018·全国I卷） 3. that（2016·全国I卷） 易错点二配套真题： 1. poorly（2019·全国I卷） 2. extremely（2018·全国I卷） 3. hard（2016·全国III卷） 易错点三配套真题： 1. noting（2019·全国I卷） 2. saying（2018·全国II卷） 3. hearing（2016·全国I卷） （三）默写答案 1. polar bear 2. Arctic Circle 3. evidence 4. range 5. figure out 6. calculate 7. employ 8. consistently 9. sighting 10. illusion 11. decline 12. stable 13. subpopulation 14. all the way across 15. lead to 16. unprecedented 17. expend 18. encouraging 19. emphasize 20. critical 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $