真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2019·全国二卷）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖语法填空核心考点，将非谓语动词、定语从句、并列连词等高频考点按“真题情境-易错点剖析-知识点总结-真题巩固”逻辑构建体系，通过问题链设计和任务驱动引导学生自主梳理考点联系，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化学习支持，如易错点后配3道高考真题单句填空即时诊断，分两组核心词汇默写任务强化记忆，培养语言能力与学习能力。同话题阅读拓展提升语篇理解，错因分析助力反思总结，教师可依学情反馈精准指导，有效提升学生自主复习实效。

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2019·全国二卷） 话题：生命不息，工作不止——90岁“年度女性”的故事 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for [61]________ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee --- still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, [62]________ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have [63]________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene [64]________ (declare) she had no plans [65]________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I [66]________ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, [67]________ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 --- who works alongside her in the family business --- said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call [68]________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was [69]________ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's [70]________ (wonder).” 二、核心词汇及短语 1. award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予；给予 n. 奖；奖品 Example: She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry. 2. employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ n. 雇员；员工 Example: The company has over 500 employees. 3. late /leɪt/ adj. 已故的；迟到的 Example: She opened the pet shop with her late husband. 4. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ v. 承认；认可；致谢 Example: Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged. 5. nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ v. 提名；推荐 Example: A customer nominated her to be Woman of the Year. 6. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ v. 宣布；声明 Example: The winner proudly declared that she had no plans to retire. 7. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ v. 退休；退职 Example: He plans to retire at the age of 65. 8. alongside /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ prep. 在……旁边；与……一起 Example: Her granddaughter works alongside her in the family business. 9. short-list /ʃɔːt lɪst/ v. 把……列入决选名单 n. 决选名单 Example: She was short-listed for the award. 10. blow away /bləʊ əˈweɪ/ phr. 使大吃一惊；使印象深刻 Example: We were blown away when we received the official letter. 11. put forward /pʊt ˈfɔːwəd/ phr. 提出；推荐 Example: Who put grandma forward for the award? 12. give up /ɡɪv ʌp/ phr. 放弃；停止 Example: I don't see any reason to give up work. 13. pick up /pɪk ʌp/ phr. 拿起；拾起；领取 Example: She picked up her award at the ceremony. 14. have no plans to do /hæv nəʊ plænz tuː duː/ phr. 没有做某事的计划 Example: She had no plans to retire from her business. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的，我把它们整理出来，每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空，供大家即时巩固。 易错点一：非谓语动词（介词后接动名词） 原题： 61. being 错误答案： be / to be / been 错因分析： 介词“for”后面需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。“for being”意为“因为成为”，表示原因。此处“being Britain's oldest full-time employee”是动名词短语作介词“for”的宾语。不能用动词原形“be”或不定式“to be”。 知识点总结： （1）介词（for， of， by， without， after， before等）+ 动名词（doing）。 （2）动名词短语作宾语：表示一般性的动作或已经发生/正在发生的动作。 （3）常见介词+动名词结构： for doing sth（因为做某事） by doing sth（通过做某事） without doing sth（没有做某事） after doing sth（在做某事之后） （4）注意：介词“to”与不定式符号“to”的区别： look forward to doing（介词+动名词） want to do（不定式符号+动词原形） 【真题1】（2019·全国II卷） A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee. 答案与解析：being。此题正是该考点的原句，介词“for”后接动名词。 【真题2】（2018·全国I卷） I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects. Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements. 答案与解析：noting。“by”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 【真题3】（2016·全国III卷） I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. He left without ________ (say) goodbye. 答案与解析：saying。介词“without”后接动名词作宾语。 易错点二：非限制性定语从句关系代词的选择 原题： 62. which 错误答案： that / where / what 错因分析： 分析句子结构可知，逗号后“she opened with her late husband Les”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the pet shop”。关系代词在从句中作“opened”的宾语（opened the pet shop），指物。在非限制性定语从句中，“that”不能使用，必须用“which”。如果填“where”，则关系副词在从句中作地点状语，但此处从句缺宾语，故不能用“where”。 知识点总结： （1）限制性定语从句：先行词 + that/which/who（无逗号，that和which均可指物）。 （2）非限制性定语从句：先行词，which/who（有逗号，不能用that）。 （3）关系代词在从句中作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可以省略，非限制性中不能省略）。 （4）判断方法：先行词是物且从句缺主语或宾语 → which（非限制性）/ that或which（限制性）。 【真题1】（2019·全国II卷） Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les. 答案与解析：which。此题正是该考点的原句，非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，作opened的宾语。 【真题2】（2018·全国I卷） The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. The book, ________ I borrowed from the library, is very interesting. 答案与解析：which。非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，作borrowed的宾语。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） My uncle, ________ is a doctor, lives in Shanghai. 答案与解析：who。非限制性定语从句，先行词为人，作is的主语。 易错点三：并列连词（not...but...结构） 原题： 67. but 错误答案： and / or / so 错因分析： “I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.”句意为“我工作不是因为我不得不做，________ 因为我想做”。此处是“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”，表示对比和转折。不能用“and”表示并列，也不能用“or”表示选择，“so”表示因果。 知识点总结： （1）not...but... = 不是……而是……（连接并列成分） not A but B（不是A而是B） 可连接名词、动词、从句等。 （2）同类结构： not only...but also...（不仅……而且……） either...or...（要么……要么……） neither...nor...（既不……也不……） （3）注意：not...but...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 【真题1】（2019·全国II卷） I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to. 答案与解析：but。此题正是该考点的原句，“not...but...”结构。 【真题2】（2018·全国II卷） The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try. He is not a teacher ________ a writer. 答案与解析：but。“not...but...”结构，意为“不是老师而是作家”。 【真题3】（2017·全国I卷） The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects. I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. Not only I ________ also he was invited to the party. 答案与解析：but。“not only...but also...”结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料，与“老年人就业/积极老龄化”同话题，难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词，请在阅读时重点关注。 Redefining Retirement: The Rise of the Older Workforce In many parts of the world, the traditional concept of retirement as a period of complete rest and leisure is being redefined. An increasing number of older adults are choosing to remain in the workforce well beyond the traditional retirement age, not merely for financial reasons but for the sense of purpose, social connection, and mental stimulation that work provides. The story of Irene Astbury, who was still working 40 hours a week at the age of 90, is becoming less of an exception and more of a reflection of a broader social trend. As life expectancies rise and health improves, many seniors are finding that continued employment contributes positively to their overall well-being. 在世界许多地方，传统上把退休视为完全休息和休闲的概念正在被重新定义。越来越多的老年人选择在传统退休年龄之后继续留在劳动力队伍中，这不仅仅是为了经济原因，更是为了工作所提供的目标感、社会联系和精神激励。艾琳·阿斯特伯里在90岁时仍然每周工作40小时的故事，正变得越来越不像是例外，而更像是更广泛社会趋势的反映。随着预期寿命的延长和健康状况的改善，许多老年人发现继续就业对他们的整体福祉有积极贡献。 This shift in attitudes towards work and aging has significant implications for both individuals and society. For older workers, staying active in the workplace helps to maintain cognitive function, reduce the risk of social isolation, and provide a sense of identity and achievement. For employers, older workers bring invaluable experience, wisdom, and a strong work ethic that can enhance team dynamics and productivity. Many companies are now recognizing the benefits of age-diverse teams and are implementing policies to accommodate older employees, such as flexible working hours and part-time options. 对工作和老龄化态度的这种转变对个人和社会都有重要意义。对于老年工作者来说，留在工作场所保持活跃有助于维持认知功能，减少社会孤立的风险，并提供身份认同感和成就感。对于雇主来说，老年员工带来了宝贵的经验、智慧和强烈的职业道德，这可以增强团队活力和生产力。许多公司现在认识到年龄多元化团队的好处，并正在实施政策以适应老年员工，如灵活的工作时间和兼职选择。 However, the trend towards longer working lives also presents challenges. Age discrimination remains a significant barrier in many industries, and older workers often face stereotypes about their ability to learn new skills or adapt to new technologies. Moreover, not all older adults have the same opportunities: those in physically demanding jobs or with health issues may find continued employment difficult or impossible. To address these disparities, governments and organizations must work together to create inclusive work environments, provide retraining programs, and combat ageism in the workplace. As one expert emphasized, “An aging population is not a burden; it is an opportunity to harness the talents and experiences of a generation that has so much to offer.” 然而，延长工作寿命的趋势也带来了挑战。年龄歧视在许多行业仍然是重要的障碍，老年员工经常面临关于他们学习新技能或适应新技术能力的刻板印象。此外，并非所有老年人都有同样的机会：那些从事体力要求高的工作或有健康问题的人可能会发现继续就业困难或不可能。为了解决这些差距，政府和组织必须共同努力，创造包容的工作环境，提供再培训计划，并打击工作场所的年龄歧视。正如一位专家所强调的：“人口老龄化不是负担；这是一个机会，可以利用一代人的人才和经验，他们有很多可以贡献。” 阅读核心词汇（背诵掌握）： concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念；观念 redefined /ˌriːdɪˈfaɪnd/ v. 重新定义 stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 激励；刺激 exception /ɪkˈsepʃn/ n. 例外 reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 反映；体现 expectancies /ɪkˈspektənsiz/ n. 预期；期望 contributes /kənˈtrɪbjuːts/ v. 贡献；促成 implications /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃnz/ n. 含义；影响 isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 孤立；隔离 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就；成绩 ethic /ˈeθɪk/ n. 道德；伦理 enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 增强；提高 benefits /ˈbenɪfɪts/ n. 好处；利益 accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ v. 适应；容纳 options /ˈɒpʃnz/ n. 选择；选项 discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 歧视 stereotypes /ˈsteriətaɪps/ n. 刻板印象 demanding /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ adj. 要求高的；费力的 disparities /dɪˈspærətiz/ n. 差距；不平等 combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ v. 打击；对抗 emphasized /ˈemfəsaɪzd/ v. 强调 harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ v. 利用；驾驭 五、默写 第一组（来自真题语篇，共15题）： 1. 授予；给予 _______________ 2. 雇员；员工 _______________ 3. 已故的 _______________ 4. 承认；认可 _______________ 5. 提名；推荐 _______________ 6. 宣布；声明 _______________ 7. 退休 _______________ 8. 在……旁边；与……一起 _______________ 9. 使大吃一惊 _______________ 10. 提出；推荐 _______________ 11. 放弃 _______________ 12. 拿起；领取 _______________ 13. 没有做某事的计划 _______________ 14. 全职的 _______________ 15. 年度女性 _______________ 第二组（来自阅读拓展，共5题）： 16. 概念 _______________ 17. 例外 _______________ 18. 歧视 _______________ 19. 刻板印象 _______________ 20. 利用；驾驭 _______________ 【参考答案】 （一）语法填空真题详解（按61-70题顺序） 61. being 考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后接动名词作宾语。“for being”意为“因为成为”，故填“being”。 62. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号后“she opened with her late husband Les”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the pet shop”，关系代词在从句中作“opened”的宾语，指物，故填“which”。（注意：非限制性定语从句不能用“that”） 63. finally 考查词性转换。修饰动词“have been acknowledged”应用副词形式，故填“finally”，意为“终于”。 64. declared 考查谓语动词时态。根据语境可知“declare”这个动作发生在领取奖项的时候，是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填“declared”。 65. to retire 考查非谓语动词。名词“plans”后接不定式作后置定语，“have no plans to do sth”意为“没有做某事的计划”，故填“to retire”。 66. have made 考查谓语动词时态。时间状语“over the years”表示“这些年来”，强调从过去到现在所积累的朋友，应用现在完成时，主语为“I”，故填“have made”。 67. but 考查并列连词。“not...but...”为固定结构，意为“不是……而是……”，表示对比和转折，故填“but”。 68. saying 考查非谓语动词。“call”与“say”之间是主动关系（电话说），现在分词作后置定语，修饰“call”，故填“saying”。 69. a 考查冠词。“joke”为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，故填不定冠词“a”。 70. wonderful 考查词性转换。所填词作表语，说明主语“It”的性质，应用形容词，故填“wonderful”，意为“极好的；令人高兴的”。 （二）易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题： 1. being（2019·全国II卷） 2. noting（2018·全国I卷） 3. saying（2016·全国III卷） 易错点二配套真题： 1. which（2019·全国II卷） 2. which（2018·全国I卷） 3. who（2016·全国I卷） 易错点三配套真题： 1. but（2019·全国II卷） 2. but（2018·全国II卷） 3. but（2017·全国I卷） （三）默写答案 1. award 2. employee 3. late 4. acknowledge 5. nominate 6. declare 7. retire 8. alongside 9. blow away 10. put forward 11. give up 12. pick up 13. have no plans to do 14. full-time 15. Woman of the Year 16. concept 17. exception 18. discrimination 19. stereotype 20. harness 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $