真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2018·全国一卷）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理语法填空核心考点，涵盖比较级、非谓语动词、定语从句、词性转换等，通过“真题再现-核心词汇-易错点分析-真题巩固”的逻辑链构建知识网络，以问题导向任务单引导学生自主推导语法规律，形成系统认知框架。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层提升设计，如易错点后配历年真题即时巩固，默写任务强化核心词汇，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。学生可通过错题归因自主提升，教师能依据学情数据精准指导，有效支持个性化复习与因材施教。

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2018·全国一卷） 话题：跑步的健康益处 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years [61]________ (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long [62]________ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of [63]________ (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it [64]________ (be) more effective at lengthening life [65]________ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 [66]________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all [67]________ (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to [68]________ (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always [69]________ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give [70]________ a try. 二、核心词汇及短语 1. review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. 评论；回顾；评审 Example: According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live longer. 2. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明 Example: There is strong evidence that running improves health. 3. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. 好处；益处 v. 有益于 Example: You don't have to run fast to see the benefit. 4. overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ adj. 超重的；过重的 Example: You may be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running. 5. lengthen /ˈleŋθən/ v. 延长；加长 Example: Running is effective at lengthening life. 6. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的；产生效果的 Example: Running is more effective at lengthening life than walking. 7. mere /mɪə(r)/ adj. 仅仅的；只不过的 Example: A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease. 8. cause /kɔːz/ n. 原因；起因 v. 引起 Example: Running reduces early deaths from all causes. 9. strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/ v. 加强；增强 Example: Do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles. 10. muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. 肌肉 Example: Running helps build muscle strength. 11. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；地面 Example: You can run on soft surfaces to avoid knee pain. 12. energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 Example: Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. 13. give...a try /ɡɪv ə traɪ/ phr. 尝试一下 Example: We should all give running a try. 14. reduce the risk of /rɪˈdjuːs ðə rɪsk əv/ phr. 降低……的风险 Example: Running reduces the risk of heart disease. 15. be effective at /biː ɪˈfektɪv æt/ phr. 在……方面有效 Example: Running is effective at lengthening life. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的，我把它们整理出来，每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空，供大家即时巩固。 易错点一：非谓语动词（介词后接动名词） 原题： 63. dying 错误答案： die / to die / died 错因分析： 介词“of”后面需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。“reduce your risk of dying early”意为“降低早逝的风险”，“dying”是动名词作介词“of”的宾语。不能用动词原形“die”或不定式“to die”。 知识点总结： （1）介词（of， for， in， by， without， after， before等）+ 动名词（doing）。 （2）常见“介词 + 动名词”结构： risk of doing（做某事的风险） way of doing（做某事的方法） benefit of doing（做某事的好处） importance of doing（做某事的重要性） （3）动名词短语作宾语：表示一般性的动作或已经发生/正在发生的动作。 【真题1】（2018·全国I卷） You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running. 答案与解析：dying。此题正是该考点的原句，“risk of doing”结构，介词“of”后接动名词。 【真题2】（2017·全国I卷） The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects. I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. There is no doubt about the importance of ________ (protect) the environment. 答案与解析：protecting。“importance of doing”结构，介词“of”后接动名词。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） I look forward to ________ (hear) from you soon. 答案与解析：hearing。“look forward to”中的“to”为介词，后接动名词。 易错点二：定语从句关系代词的选择 原题： 66. that/which 错误答案： who / whose / what 错因分析： 分析句子结构可知，空白处引导定语从句修饰先行词“a study”，关系代词在从句中作主语（showed的主语），指物。先行词“a study”是物，不是人（不用who），也不是所属关系（不用whose），且从句缺主语，故填“that”或“which”。（注意：本题是限制性定语从句，that和which均可。） 知识点总结： （1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 （2）指物时：that/which（作主语或宾语）；whose（作定语，表所属）。 （3）指人时：who（作主语/宾语）/ whom（作宾语）/ whose（作定语）。 （4）判断方法：看先行词是人还是物，看关系词在从句中作什么成分。 【真题1】（2018·全国I卷） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 答案与解析：that/which。此题正是该考点的原句，先行词为“study”，在从句中作主语。 【真题2】（2017·全国I卷） The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects. I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. The book ________ I bought yesterday is very interesting. 答案与解析：that/which。先行词为“book”，在从句中作“bought”的宾语。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） The man ________ is standing there is my uncle. 答案与解析：who。先行词为“man”，在从句中作主语。 易错点三：词性转换（名词 → 动词） 原题： 68. strengthen 错误答案： strong / strength / stronger 错因分析： “do exercises to ________ your leg muscles”中，“to”是不定式符号，后面需接动词原形。“strength”是名词（力量），其动词形式为“strengthen”（加强）。此处表示“做运动来加强腿部肌肉”，故填“strengthen”。 知识点总结： （1）常见“名词 → 动词”的转换： strength（n. 力量）→ strengthen（v. 加强） length（n. 长度）→ lengthen（v. 加长） wide（adj. 宽的）→ widen（v. 加宽） deep（adj. 深的）→ deepen（v. 加深） broad（adj. 宽的）→ broaden（v. 拓宽） （2）-en后缀：加在形容词或名词后构成动词，表示“使变得……”。 【真题1】（2018·全国I卷） To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes. 答案与解析：strengthen。此题正是该考点的原句，不定式后接动词原形。 【真题2】（2017·全国I卷） The new railway will ________ (length) the journey time between the two cities. 答案与解析：lengthen。不定式符号“will”后接动词原形，length的动词形式为lengthen。 【真题3】（2016·全国I卷） The government is trying to ________ (broad) the road to reduce traffic congestion. 答案与解析：broaden。不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，broad的动词形式为broaden。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料，与“跑步/健康生活方式”同话题，难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词，请在阅读时重点关注。 Running into a Healthier Future In recent years, running has emerged as one of the most popular forms of exercise worldwide, and for good reason. Scientific research has consistently shown that even small amounts of running can have a profound impact on both physical and mental health. A study published in a leading medical journal found that runners live, on average, three years longer than non-runners, regardless of their speed or distance. More remarkably, the benefits are not limited to those who run marathons or complete intense training sessions; even a mere five to ten minutes of daily running can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and premature death from all causes. This makes running one of the most time-efficient and accessible forms of exercise available to people of all ages. 近年来，跑步已成为世界上最受欢迎的运动形式之一，这是有充分理由的。科学研究一致表明，即使少量的跑步也能对身心健康产生深远的影响。一项发表在权威医学期刊上的研究发现，跑步者平均比不跑步者多活三年，无论他们的速度或距离如何。更值得注意的是，这些好处不仅限于那些跑马拉松或完成高强度训练的人；即使每天仅仅跑五到十分钟也能显著降低心脏病和所有原因导致的过早死亡的风险。这使得跑步成为所有年龄段人群最容易获得、最省时的运动形式之一。 Beyond the physical benefits, running is also a powerful tool for mental well-being. Many runners describe experiencing a “runner's high” — a feeling of euphoria and reduced anxiety that follows a good run. This is partly due to the release of endorphins, the body's natural feel-good chemicals, which help to alleviate stress and improve mood. Regular running has also been linked to better sleep, increased self-esteem, and a reduced risk of depression. For many people, the rhythmic nature of running provides a form of moving meditation, allowing them to clear their minds and gain perspective on life's challenges. 除了身体健康方面的好处，跑步也是促进心理健康的有力工具。许多跑步者描述说，他们经历了“跑步者的快感”——一次畅快的跑步后随之而来的兴奋感和焦虑减轻。这部分是由于内啡肽的释放，内啡肽是人体天然的“让人感觉良好”的化学物质，有助于减轻压力、改善情绪。定期跑步还与更好的睡眠、更高的自尊和降低抑郁风险有关。对许多人来说，跑步的节奏性提供了一种移动冥想的形式，让他们能够理清思绪，对生活的挑战获得新的视角。 However, as with any physical activity, running comes with its own set of precautions. Experts recommend starting gradually, especially for beginners, to avoid overuse injuries such as shin splints and knee pain. Wearing proper footwear, running on soft surfaces, and incorporating strength training exercises are all important strategies to prevent injury. Additionally, listening to your body and allowing adequate time for recovery are essential for long-term success. As one fitness expert put it, “The key to reaping the benefits of running is not about how fast you go, but about how consistently you show up.” With this in mind, running remains one of the most rewarding investments you can make in your health. 然而，与任何体育活动一样，跑步也有其自身的一套注意事项。专家建议从循序渐进开始，尤其是对初学者，以避免过度使用造成的伤害，如胫骨疼痛和膝盖疼痛。穿着合适的鞋子、在柔软的地面上跑步以及结合力量训练都是预防受伤的重要策略。此外，倾听你的身体并给予足够的恢复时间对于长期成功至关重要。正如一位健身专家所说：“获得跑步益处的关键不在于你跑得多快，而在于你有多坚持。”考虑到这一点，跑步仍然是你对健康最有益的投资之一。 阅读核心词汇（背诵掌握）： emerged /ɪˈmɜːdʒd/ v. 出现；兴起 profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. 深刻的；深远的 remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ adv. 显著地；惊人地 mere /mɪə(r)/ adj. 仅仅的 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地 accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可获得的；可进入的 euphoria /juːˈfɔːriə/ n. 欣快感；极度兴奋 feel-good /fiːl ɡʊd/ adj. 让人感觉良好的 alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ v. 减轻；缓解 self-esteem /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ n. 自尊；自信 rhythmic /ˈrɪðmɪk/ adj. 有节奏的；规律的 perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 视角；观点 precautions /prɪˈkɔːʃnz/ n. 预防措施 overuse /ˌəʊvəˈjuːz/ n. 过度使用 prevent /prɪˈvent/ v. 预防；防止 essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 必要的；至关重要的 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有益的；值得的 五、默写 第一组（来自真题语篇，共15题）： 1. 评论；评审 _______________ 2. 证据 _______________ 3. 好处；益处 _______________ 4. 超重的 _______________ 5. 延长 _______________ 6. 有效的 _______________ 7. 仅仅的 _______________ 8. 原因；起因 _______________ 9. 加强；增强 _______________ 10. 肌肉 _______________ 11. 表面 _______________ 12. 精力充沛的 _______________ 13. 尝试一下 _______________ 14. 降低风险 _______________ 15. 在……方面有效 _______________ 第二组（来自阅读拓展，共5题）： 16. 深刻的 _______________ 17. 显著地 _______________ 18. 减轻 _______________ 19. 预防 _______________ 20. 有益的 _______________ 【参考答案】 （一）语法填空真题详解（按61-70题顺序） 61. longer 考查形容词比较级。根据空白处之后的“than”可知，此处用“long”的比较级“longer”。 62. to see 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”，“to see”作目的状语。 63. dying 考查非谓语动词。介词“of”后应用“die”的动名词形式“dying”。 64. is 考查谓语动词时态。本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的“can't make”和“says”可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用“is”。 65. than 考查连词。这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的“more effective”可知，此处用“than”。 66. that/which 考查定语从句。此处用“that”或“which”引导定语从句修饰先行词“study”。 67. causes 考查名词复数。根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及“all”可知，“cause”用复数形式“causes”。 68. strengthen 考查词性转换。此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语“your leg muscles”判断此处应用及物动词“strengthen”。 69. energetic 考查词性转换。本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语，“energy”的形容词形式为“energetic”。 70. it/running 考查代词/名词。“give it/ sth a try”是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”，故填“it”指代“running”，也可直接填“running”。 （二）易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题： 1. dying（2018·全国I卷） 2. protecting（2017·全国I卷） 3. hearing（2016·全国I卷） 易错点二配套真题： 1. that/which（2018·全国I卷） 2. that/which（2017·全国I卷） 3. who（2016·全国I卷） 易错点三配套真题： 1. strengthen（2018·全国I卷） 2. lengthen（2017·全国I卷） 3. broaden（2016·全国I卷） （三）默写答案 1. review 2. evidence 3. benefit 4. overweight 5. lengthen 6. effective 7. mere 8. cause 9. strengthen 10. muscle 11. surface 12. energetic 13. give...a try 14. reduce the risk of 15. be effective at 16. profound 17. remarkably/significantly 18. alleviate 19. prevent 20. rewarding 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $