2026全国2卷高考英语D篇讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考科普说明文阅读，覆盖语篇结构分析、细节与主旨题解题技巧、核心词汇及语法（如部分倒装、定语从句）等考点，按“引出主题-项目介绍-评价与原理”逻辑梳理文章架构，通过首段精读、分段剖析、题目解析、语料补充四环节，帮助学生构建阅读策略与语言知识体系。 讲义创新采用语篇结构定位法和词汇语境拓展模式，如引导学生通过首段情景+主题句快速抓主旨，结合“plug in”与“charging point”同义转换训练细节题解题能力，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置基础词汇、语法解析、题目应用分层练习，助力学生高效突破难点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

2026全国2卷D篇 The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 首段精读： 首段篇幅较长时也要尽量精读，分析句子类型-谁是主旨句，谁是举例子。 1. The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. 翻译：巴塞罗那的地铁进站了，车门滑开，乘客们纷纷下车去做他们的日常事务。 语料补充： ① pull pull into 到达：汽车、火车等到达特定地点；驶入：将车辆驶入（特定地点）。 pull in吸引（人群、观众、资金）；停车靠边/驶入；收紧/拉近 “把外部的某物（人或物）拉入一个特定的范围或位置” 2. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 解析：开头是一个部分倒装句式-具有否定意义的副词(never, not, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely, nowhere等)或含否定词的介词短语(at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, under/in no circumstances, on no account等)置于句首时,句子常用部分倒装。 翻译：他们不知道的是，当他们这样做的时候，一股能量被送到街道上，帮助电动汽车充电。 语料补充： ① burst 注意一词多性 v. 爆炸，爆裂，胀开；冲，闯，突然出现；猛然打开；充满，满怀（be bursting with）；决堤；突然活跃起来；突然发生，突然发作；分页，断纸 n. 突发，迸发；爆裂，裂口；一阵短促的射击 ② charge 听力和科技主题文中的常见词汇 v. 充电；使……承担责任，赋予……责任；控告，指控；（公开）指责，责备；进攻，冲锋；把……记在账上；要价，收费（金额）； n. 电量，电荷；炸药量；掌管，照管；费用，价钱；控告，指控；命令，指示；感召力，感染力；负载 例句： in charge of 负责：掌管或负责某事 How much do you charge for a haircut? （要价，收费） The police charged him with reckless driving. （控告，指控） I need to charge my phone. （充电） She charged into the room without knocking. （进攻，猛冲） He charged me with looking after his children. （使……承担责任，赋予……责任） 总结思考：首段内容简单，情景+主题句。接下来会介绍这个能量回收项目。 分段剖析： P2&P3： 二三都仅有一个长句子，都可以只读其中的主句。 Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener… Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project… 翻译： 巴塞罗那已经整合了一套清洁能源技术，以帮助公共交通更加环保 巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是新MetroCharge项目的一部分 总结思考：两个段落都是说明性句子，可以划分到一部分。首段的主旨句，这两个段落具体介绍这个项目的情况。 P4：此段以人名开头，后续是他的发言。属于对于新事物，新项目的评价。后续有相关题目需分析其看法时再精读其中句子。 P5： Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. 翻译：再生式刹车（能量回收制动系统）在火车上使用了几十年，也在一些汽车上使用。 语料补充： ① regenerative adj. 生的，更生的；更新的例句： re- + gener- + -ative = “能够（-ative）再次（re-）产生（gener-）的” generate v. 产生，引起 AI-generated AI生成的 This is an AI-generated image. generation n.一代（人）；一代人的时间；（产品发展的）代；产生 总结思考：首句中后半句中的also表明并列结构，该技术在汽车上给也有应用。但是首句会造成一定误解，段落的真正内容从第二句开始They consist of 他们由…组成，开始详细介绍再生式刹车。 P6：此段同样以人名开头，后续是他的发言。属于对于新事物，新项目的评价。后续有相关题目需分析其看法时再精读其中句子。 文章结构： P1：引出文章主题 P2&P3：介绍能量回收项目的具体情况 P4：大众视角的看法 P5：该技术的工作原理 P6：专家视角的点评 语篇结构特点 科普说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类:事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。无论是事物性科普说明文，还是事理性科普说明文，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。 事理说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响;事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 题目解析： 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 解析：细节题，考察项目的原因或目的，寻找目的状语或前文描述的问题。 Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. 语料补充： ① tackle v. 应付，解决（难题或局面）；与……交涉；擒获；对付，打（尤指罪犯）；质问，责问；反对，反抗 例句： You would be well advised to tackle this problem urgently. We must tackle the problem with sympathy and understanding. ② fuel n. 燃料，燃烧剂；刺激因素，刺激性言行；（为身体提供能量的）食物，饮料，药剂 v. （给……）提供燃料，加油；刺激，加剧 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 解析：细节题，易错点在同义词转换。 “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” 翻译：我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。 语料补充： ① plug n. 插头；插座；（洗涤槽或浴缸的）塞子；堵塞物；棉球，药棉；螺钉楔子；火花塞；推销，宣传；（压实的）块，口嚼烟； v. 堵，塞；补足；接电源，插插头；推广，宣传； plug in 插入；插上电源 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 解析：主旨题。P5首句有一点诱导性，真正内容从第二句开始。这里两句话不需要精读，意识到they指代前文的regenerative brakes即可，后文是对其的进一步解释说明。 They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 句子解析：拆分定语从句-从which开始，到that前结束。句子理解的难点在于处理第二个that引导的定语从句，它的先行词是energy，而不是action。 翻译：它们由一个电动马达组成，它收集制动时使用的能量，这些能量会被传统制动器作为热量损失掉。 That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. 句子解析：忽视两个逗号中的插入语 “in the case of the Barcelona subway system” 翻译：这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。 语料补充： ① conventional adj. 依照惯例的，遵循习俗的；老一套的，习惯的 例句 conventional method It's taken a long time to break out of my own conventional training. convention n. 习俗，惯例；大会，集会；公约，协定 ② mechanism n. 机械装置，机件；途径，方法；机制，构造；机械论 mechan-（机器）+ -ism（体系/状态） = “机器的运作体系或状态” = “机械装置 / 运作机制 / 工作原理” mechan（机器） → mechanic（机械师 / 机械的） → mechanical（机械的） → mechanism（机械装置 → 运作机制） → mechanize（使机械化） → mechanization（机械化） machine n. 机器，机械（装置）；计算机，电脑；（组织的）核心机构，领导核心； 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 解析：细节题。Luna的两个句子都可以作文线索，最后一句的boosts efficiency简单直白，但是容易导致错选B，思考时要与文章主旨-能源回收利用结合。 The system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses - in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. 翻译：这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。 语料补充： ① in so far as “在……的范围内”或“就……而言” 例句 In so far as my ability, I will try my best to help you out of the trouble. They take pleasure in each other's company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it. ② reclaimed reclaim v. 要求归还；利用，改造（荒地）；回收（废品中有用的东西）；感化，使纠正 ③ prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出；优先考虑（处理） 例句 The organization was formed to prioritize the needs of older people. 原文链接： 原文来自一篇由美联社（AP）报道的新闻，标题为 《Barcelona subway recycles energy from braking into power to charge electric cars》 https://uat.apnews.com/article/spain-climate-subway-electric-cars-barcelona-energy-69cf7212fa8d5e3e4d45d62a2f97c6dd?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share BARCELONA, Spain (AP) -The Barcelona subway grinds to a halt, the doors slide open and commuters pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to combat climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, a 49-year-old engineer, commutes daily by subway. He also owns a hybrid car and had just found out that he had a new place to plug in. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I have an electric car and am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the metro’s brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which captures energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, professor of electrical engineering at the Polytechnical University of Catalonia, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he says, boosts efficiency. “Since the recharging stations are installed nearby, the energy, instead of being put back into the general electric network, goes directly to the charging stations, and that allows the provider to potentially offer lower prices,” Luna said. “We can say that the innovation is one of urban planning, of being able to bring together energy uses within a city.” Making better use of energy has become a key pillar of reducing rising global temperatures. Last year, countries at U.N. climate talks and the members of the Group of 20 industrialized and emerging-market nations agreed to double energy efficiency by 2030. Jordi Picas, head of systems for TMB, Barcelona’s subway, said that the public company estimates that it can recover the 7.3 million euros ($7.6 million) spent on MetroCharge, which includes European Union funding, in four years thanks to reduced energy costs. The system, which also includes solar panels, provides all the energy needs of 28 of the 163 subway stations, from the lights to the elevators and ventilation systems, and saves 6% of the total energy spent by the metro, according to Picas. An average of 2.3 million people take the Barcelona metro on any given workday. This clever program comes while doubts are emerging about the speed and cost of the EU's green transition as the 27-member bloc seeks to eliminate combustion engines and remain a world leader in standards for environmental protection. Spain, like other Mediterranean countries, is feeling the burn of climate change, experts say, with the frequency of prolonged droughts and extreme weather events like the recent devastating floods in Valencia set to increase over the coming years. In 2021, Spain’s government rolled out an ambitious electric car plan backed by the EU’s post-pandemic transition funds. The public incentives have succeeded in encouraging private investment like last week’s announcement by Chinese battery maker CATL and carmaker Stellantis to build a lithium battery factory in Zaragoza. The plan also included help for consumers. But Spain hasn't been immune to the stumbles in the industry across Europe as the EU moves toward tariffs on Chinese EVs to try to help continental carmakers catch up. Spain, with its wide expanses for a Western European country, faces the extra challenge of deploying recharging stations. Spain has 37,000 charging points, below the goal of 100,000 the government had set for now in 2021, according to ANFAC, the Spanish Association of Automobile and Truck Manufacturers. So while the Barcelona subway concept can help chart a course for urban planners, there is still a lot of work to do. Ángel García said that he agreed with the spirt of the initiative while plugging his hybrid taxi into a charging point fed by the Barcelona subway. But he also said that the government should do more to help shoppers buy electric cars because “people don’t really go for electric cars here." 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $