2026年上海市中考英语根据短文内容回答问题专练

**基本信息** 以“定-答-检”三步法为核心，系统构建中考英语短文回答问题解题体系，融合题型规则、方法提炼与典例实践，提升语言理解表达能力与逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |题型得分关键|6点核心规则|强调原文依据、语法准确、句式一致等规范|从基础要求到特殊情况，构建答题准则| |核心突破三步法|1套系统方法|定（疑问词/关键词/信息句）、答（提取组织）、检（清单核查）|疑问词-信息类型-答案形式对应，形成解题闭环| |例题精讲|5道典型例题|分步演示三步法应用，覆盖what/why/how等核心疑问词|以题载法，展示方法迁移至不同题型的过程| |巩固练习|4篇短文20题|强化方法应用，涵盖发明、学习、志愿、健康主题|从方法学习到独立实践，实现能力进阶|

根据短文内容回答问题.专练 (上海.中考复习） 1、 题型得分关键 1. 答案必须基于原文得出，不能自己的想法先入为主，而没有依据可循； 2. 回答的英文句子，语法、拼写等不能出错； 3. 回答一般要用完整句子作答，哪怕只有一个词也算一句话，所以需要注意大小写及标点符号等； 4. 答案句式的人称和时态要与问题句式保持一致，不能人称乱用，或时态混乱（特殊情况除外，例如：回答的句式中若含有描述客观真理类的，永远用一般现在时）； 5. 答案以简明扼要为主，不能长篇大论，却还一直答不到关键点上，也不要完全照抄原文，而是需根据原文再加上自己的提炼总结得出最终答案； 6. 若问题是一般疑问句类型，从原文确定关键信息后，答案要按照一般疑问句的肯/否定回答格式进行作答。 6.对于设置有开放性问题的，注意问题的个数，然后逐一作答，不要遗漏，另外此类型题目没有唯一固定答案，作答合理即可。 2、 核心突破三步法：①定、②答、③检 ①定：读题划定问题疑问词、关键词，而后回文定位关键信息句 定疑问词——————确定要找什么类型的信息： 定关键词——————要选题目中独特一些的、醒目一些的词汇（例如人名、地名、专有名词等） 定信息句：根据确定的关键词便于在原文中找到信息句，答案通常就存在于这些信息句或其前后句中。 特殊疑问词 提问的信息类型 对应的答案形式 what 事物、事件、动作 名词、名词短语或动词短语类 who 人 人名、或表明人物身份的词汇 when 时间 时间状语（例如年、月、日、年龄等） where 地点 地点名词、地点介词短语 why 原因 一般有because+句子/或the reason is that...... how 方式、程度 一般有by+doing表通过做.....，/或形容词 How many/much 数量的多少 数字+量词 How long 时间的长度/物体的长度 For+一段时间/数字+长度单位 ...... ...... ...... ②答：提取信息句核心信息，之后按疑问词组织语言回答，答案形式可参考上表，另外再补充合适的内容至形成完整句子即可。 ③检：作答时一定检查答案的人称、时态是否与问题一致，答句是否存在语法、拼写、标点等等错误。 检查清单有： 人称是否一致？ 时态是否一致？ 句子是否完整？ 句子首字母是否注意大小写切换？ 句子标点符合是否正确？ 单词是否拼写正确？ 题目是否全部回答完毕？ 有些题目会有特殊要求，是否注意到，并在答案中体现？ ...... 3、 例题精讲 根据短文内容回答问题 The Magic of Reading Reading is one of the most wonderful things we can do. When we read, we enter a different world. We can travel to faraway places, meet interesting people, and learn new things without leaving our homes. However, many teenagers today spend less time reading books. They prefer watching short videos or playing games on their phones. A recent survey shows that only 30% of middle school students read for more than 30 minutes a day. Why is this happening? One reason is that smartphones are everywhere. They are so convenient and entertaining that it's hard to put them down. Another reason is that some students think reading is boring compared to colorful videos. But reading has many benefits that screens cannot provide. When you read a book, your brain works harder to imagine the scenes, which helps improve your creativity. Reading also helps you focus better and think more deeply. Unlike short videos that come and go quickly, a good book stays with you for a long time. If you want to develop a reading habit, here are some tips. First, start small — read just 10 minutes a day. Second, choose books that interest you. Third, keep a book with you everywhere so you can read whenever you have free time. Remember, reading is not a task; it's a journey. 例： 1. What can we do when we read according to the passage? 下面我利用定、答、检三步法一步步带同学们分析。 ①定：疑问词what---提问事物、行为，关键词when we read ，根据前面这两个内容，我们再回到文中可确定问题出处在第一段的第二、三句，“When we read, we enter a different world. We can travel to faraway places, meet interesting people, and learn new things without leaving our homes.” ②答：根据信息句提取核心信息，组织语言形成答案：we can travel to faraway places, meet interesting people, and learn new things without leaving our homes，然后结合用what 提问，我们可以根据原文内容综合得出适合回答what提问的完整句式：We can travel to faraway places, meet interesting people, and learn new things without leaving our homes. ③检：问句和答语人称we一致，都用一般现在时，时态一致，答案注意了大小写、标点，答语对题目回答完整无遗漏。 所以最终答案即为：We can travel to faraway places, meet interesting people, and learn new things without leaving our homes. 2. Why do many teenagers spend less time reading books today? ①定：疑问词why----提问原因，关键词-----teenagers spend less time reading books,由此可确定该题信息来源于文中第二、三段。 ②答：根据信息句提取核心信息，组织语言形成答案；根据读文章可知，第二段描述现象，第三段才是回答原因，所以答案可以确定在第三段，然后整合润色可得：“One reason is that smartphones are everywhere,and they are so convenient and entertaining,and another reason is that some students think reading is boring compared to colorful videos.” ③检：问句和答语都用一般现在时，时态一致，该问句询问原因，答语用reason做主语，是对应得上的，所以人称也一致，另外答案注意了大小写、标点，答语对题目回答完整无遗漏。 所以最终答案即为：One reason is that smartphones are everywhere,and they are so convenient and entertaining,and another reason is that some students think reading is boring compared to colorful videos. 3. How does reading help improve our creativity? ①定：疑问词how-----提问方式，关键词-----creativity，可定位到第四段：“when you read a book,your brain works harder to imagine the scenes,which helps improve your creativity. ” ②答：根据信息句提取核心信息，组织语言形成答案:注意问句中用our提问，所以答语的人称要变成our相对应的人称：When we read a book, our brain works harder to imagine the scenes, which helps improve our creativity. ③检：问句和答语人称we一致，都用一般现在时，时态一致，答案注意了大小写、标点，答语对题目回答完整无遗漏。 所以最终答案即为：When we read a book, our brain works harder to imagine the scenes, which helps improve our creativity. 4. What should you do if you want to develop a reading habit?(Give at least two tips) ①定：疑问词what---提问事、物、行为，关键词----后面的if 从句都是关键，由此可定位该题出自文中最后一段。 ②答：根据信息句提取核心信息，组织语言形成答案，注意本题后面有特殊要求Give at least two tips，至少列举两条建议，在此我们可以回答两条或以上，这个由自己决定。表建议可以用祈使句回答，也可以根据问句人称you,确定答语人称为we,这样符合逻辑，所以整合润色可得：First, start small — read just 10 minutes a day. Second, choose books that interest us. .......(在此我回答两条为例，同学们也可以根据原文，再补充其他，但两条建议只要回答正确，该题答案已完整。） ③检：问句和答语人称we一致，都用一般现在时，时态一致，答案注意了大小写、标点，答语对题目回答完整无遗漏。 所以最终答案即为：First, start small — read just 10 minutes a day. Second, choose books that interest us. 5. What does the writer think of reading? ①定：本题中含有一个固定疑问结构：what does....think of...用来询问“...认为....怎么样”，是表示态度和评价的，关键词----writer,认为reading，此类题基本出自文中第一段或者最后一段，根据阅读，此题可定位到最后一段最后一句： ②答：根据信息句提取核心信息，组织语言形成答案，答语中可以加上the writer thinks...，整合润色可得：The writer thinks reading is not a task; it's a journey. ③检：问句和答语人称the writer 一致，都用一般现在时，时态一致，答案注意了大小写、标点，答语对题目回答完整无遗漏。 所以最终答案即为：The writer thinks reading is not a task; it's a journey. 注：该类型题答案是不完全固定的，只要回答的核心意思对即可。 另外，当同学们把以上①定、②答、③检三步法熟悉之后，繁琐的步骤我们就可以直接在脑海中处理，而不必再逐字写下来，考试中我们也只需要写下润色后的答案即可。 巩固练习 根据短文内容回答下列问题（不用写繁琐步骤，只写答案即可） 练习一：The Teenage Inventor Fifteen-year-old Maya loved spending time in her grandfather's workshop. While other kids were playing video games, she was taking apart old radios and building small machines. Her grandfather, a retired engineer, taught her how to use tools and encouraged her curiosity. One day, Maya noticed that her grandmother, who had arthritis (关节炎), struggled to open jars. Maya wanted to help. She spent three months designing and testing different ideas. After many failures, she finally created a simple device — a special grip that used leverage (杠杆原理) to make opening jars much easier. Her invention won first prize at the school science fair. A local newspaper wrote about her, and soon a company offered to produce her device. Maya was excited but also a little nervous. "I never expected this to happen," she said. "I just wanted to help my grandmother." Maya's story shows that age is not a barrier to making a difference. She believes that anyone can be an inventor if they observe carefully, think creatively, and never give up. Her next project? She wants to design a tool to help elderly people read small print. Now she runs a weekly workshop at her school, teaching younger students basic engineering skills. "I want to share what my grandfather taught me," she says with a smile. "The best ideas often come from the simplest needs." 1.What did Maya like to do when other kids were playing video games? 2.Why did Maya want to create a device to open jars? 3.How long did Maya spend designing and testing her ideas? 4.What does Maya believe makes someone an inventor? 5.What is Maya's next project? 练习二：Online Learning Online learning has become increasingly popular in recent years. More and more students are taking courses on the Internet instead of attending traditional classes. While some people welcome this change, others worry about its effects. One of the biggest advantages of online learning is flexibility. Students can learn at their own pace and choose when and where to study. This is especially helpful for those who have busy schedules or live far from schools. In addition, online courses often cost less than traditional ones, making education more affordable. However, online learning also has its challenges. Without a teacher watching over them, some students find it hard to stay focused. They may get distracted by social media or other websites. Another problem is the lack of face-to-face interaction. In a traditional classroom, students can ask questions and discuss with classmates immediately. Online, this kind of communication is more difficult. To succeed in online learning, experts suggest several strategies. First, create a quiet study space without distractions. Second, make a schedule and stick to it. Third, don't be afraid to ask questions — most online courses have forums or chat tools where you can reach teachers. Finally, take regular breaks to avoid getting tired. Online learning is not perfect, but it offers new possibilities for education. The key is to find a balance between the convenience of technology and the benefits of traditional learning. As technology continues to improve, online learning will likely play an even bigger role in the future. 6.What is one of the biggest advantages of online learning? 7.Why do some students find it hard to stay focused during online learning? 8.What problem does the lack of face-to-face interaction cause? 9.How many strategies do experts suggest for succeeding in online learning? 10.What is the key to making the most of online learning according to the passage? 练习三：A Volunteer Experience Last summer, 14-year-old Tom volunteered at a local animal shelter (动物收容所). He had always loved animals, so when his school organized a volunteer program, he signed up immediately. On his first day, Tom was nervous. The shelter was full of dogs and cats that had been rescued from the streets. Some of them were sick or injured. Tom's job was to feed the animals, clean their cages, and take the dogs for walks. It was hard work, but he quickly grew to love it. One dog in particular caught Tom's attention. It was a small brown dog named Buddy who had been found wandering alone in a park. Buddy was shy and afraid of people at first. Tom spent extra time with him every day, talking to him gently and offering treats. Slowly, Buddy began to trust Tom. After a few weeks, Buddy would run to the door whenever Tom arrived. The most rewarding moment came when a family adopted Buddy. Tom felt both happy and sad — happy that Buddy had found a loving home, but sad that he would miss him. "It was bittersweet," Tom said. "But knowing that I helped Buddy become ready for adoption made it all worthwhile." Tom continues to volunteer at the shelter every weekend. He encourages his friends to join him. "You don't need special skills," he says. "You just need to care." His experience shows that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference in the lives of animals — and in our own lives too. 11.Why did Tom sign up for the volunteer program? 12.What was Tom's job at the animal shelter? 13.How did Buddy change after Tom spent time with him? 14.How did Tom feel when Buddy was adopted? 15.What does Tom think people need to volunteer at the shelter? 练习四：The Importance of Sleep Many teenagers today are not getting enough sleep. Doctors recommend that teenagers aged 13 to 18 should get 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. However, studies show that most teenagers sleep for only 6 to 7 hours. This lack of sleep can cause serious problems. Why are teenagers losing sleep? One major reason is the use of electronic devices. The blue light from screens can trick the brain into thinking it is still daytime, making it harder to fall asleep. Another reason is homework and exam pressure. Many students stay up late to finish assignments or study for tests. Some teenagers also have irregular sleep schedules — they go to bed late on weekends and then struggle to wake up early on Monday. The effects of sleep deprivation (睡眠不足) are wide-ranging. Students who don't get enough sleep often have trouble concentrating in class. They may feel tired, irritable (易怒的), and unmotivated. In the long term, lack of sleep can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of health problems such as obesity and heart disease. Fortunately, there are ways to improve sleep quality. Experts suggest turning off electronic devices at least one hour before bedtime. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading a book or listening to calm music, can also help. Regular exercise during the day makes it easier to fall asleep at night. Most importantly, try to keep a consistent sleep schedule — go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Getting enough sleep is not a luxury; it is a necessity. By making small changes to their habits, teenagers can enjoy better health, better grades, and a better life. 16.How many hours of sleep should teenagers aged 13 to 18 get each night? 17.Why is the blue light from screens a problem for sleep? 18.What are two effects of sleep deprivation mentioned in the passage? 19.What do experts suggest doing at least one hour before bedtime? 20.What is the most important thing teenagers should do to improve their sleep? 对于以上题目的回答合理即可，不一定跟参考答案一字不差。 下面是参考答案： 练习一：The Teenage Inventor 1. She liked taking apart old radios and building small machines (in her grandfather's workshop). 2. Because her grandmother, who had arthritis, struggled to open jars. 3. She spent three months (designing and testing different ideas). 4. She believes that anyone can be an inventor if they observe carefully, think creatively, and never give up. 5. She wants to design a tool to help elderly people read small print. 练习二：Online Learning 6. Flexibility. / One of the biggest advantages is flexibility. / Students can learn at their own pace and choose when and where to study. 7. Because without a teacher watching over them, they may get distracted by social media or other websites. 8. In a traditional classroom, students can ask questions and discuss with classmates immediately, but online, this kind of communication is more difficult. 9. Four (strategies). 10. The key is to find a balance between the convenience of technology and the benefits of traditional learning. 练习三：A Volunteer Experience 11. Because he had always loved animals. 12. His job was to feed the animals, clean their cages, and take the dogs for walks. 13. Buddy was shy and afraid of people at first, but slowly he began to trust Tom and would run to the door whenever Tom arrived. 14. He felt both happy and sad — happy that Buddy had found a loving home, but sad that he would miss him. 15. He thinks people just need to care (and don't need special skills). 练习四：The Importance of Sleep 16. They should get 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. 17. Because the blue light can trick the brain into thinking it is still daytime, making it harder to fall asleep. 18. Students may have trouble concentrating in class and feel tired, irritable, and unmotivated. (In the long term, lack of sleep can also weaken the immune system and increase the risk of health problems.) 19. They suggest turning off electronic devices at least one hour before bedtime. 20. They should keep a consistent sleep schedule — go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $