Unit 4 Life is beautiful 语法篇（动词-ing&动词-ed的用法）（“导”与“练”）-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册导练测同步（译林版2024）

本讲义聚焦初中英语动词-ing和动词-ed用法这一核心语法点，系统梳理两者在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等功能，通过表格对比、实例解析及记忆口诀构建学习支架，明确主动与被动含义的核心区别。 该资料以功能分类和对比辨析为特色，借助“建议完成练习”等记忆口诀提升学习能力，结合“interesting film”等生活化实例培养语言能力，表格归纳与实例结合的设计助力思维品质发展。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生梳理知识、查漏补缺。

Unit 4 Life is beautiful 语法篇 关于“动词-ing的用法”语法内容，教材如是说： 动词-ing用法 动词-ing可以在句中用作主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。 ◆动词-ing用作主语。如： Smoking is not allowed in the museum.博物馆里不允许抽烟。 Learning how to eat healthily is quite important.学会如何健康饮食相当重要。 Hiking is a popular outdoor activity among young people. 徒步旅行是一项深受年轻人喜爱的户外活动。 ◆动词-ing用作宾语。如： She likes helping others.她喜欢帮助别人。 Do you mind showing me how to use the app? 你介意教我如何使用这个应用软件吗？ Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party.谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。 Are you for or against keeping pets?你赞成还是反对养宠物？ ◆动词-ing用作定语。如： Amy thinks honesty is an amazing quality.埃米认为诚实是了不起的品质。 He may be in the reading room, but I’m not sure.他可能在阅览室，但我不确定。 ◆动词-ing用作表语，用于连系动词(如be动词)之后。如： Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的爱好是集邮。 ◆动词-ing可用在动词hear、see、watch、catch、feel、notice等的宾语之后，做宾语补足语。如： When I walked past his house, I heard him playing the piano. 当我经过他的房子时，听到他正在弹钢琴。 Did you notice somebody knocking at the door just now? 你刚才注意到有人在敲门吗？ 关于“动词-ed的用法”语法内容，教材如是说： 动词-ed用法 动词-ed可以用作形容词，放在名词之前或连系动词(如be动词)之后。如： The stranger had a surprised look on his face and went away. 这个陌生人面露惊讶的神色，走开了。 The washing machine is broken.这台洗衣机坏了。 Are you satisfied with the robot?你对这个机器人满意吗？ 注意：许多动词的-ing和-ed形式都可以用作形容词，但是含义不同。动词-ing表达主动含义，而动词-ed表达被动含义。如： The students are all interested in the interesting film. 学生们都对这部有趣的电影感兴趣。 The exciting news made us all excited. 这个令人兴奋的消息使得我们都很激动。 You should try not to be annoyed by some people when you find their behaviour annoying. 当你发现有些人的行为令人讨厌时，你应该试着不去为此感到恼怒。 一、语法功能的整体感知 动词-ing形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 动词-ing √ √ √ √ √ √ 补充：做独立成分(即插入语) Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. 一般而言，相机越贵，质量就越好。 Judging by her accent, she may be a Southerner, I guess. 从她的口音判断，我猜她可能是南方人。 Judging from the regret on Tom’s face, I knew that he was feeling really ashamed. 从Tom脸上的悔意来判断，我知道他感到非常羞愧。 说明：①我们通常把作主语、宾语、表语或定语的v-ing形式统称为“动名词”； ②v-ing形式还可以作表语或定语，这时我们又把其称之为“现在分词”； ③v-ing形式作宾语补足语或状语时，我们也把其称之为“现在分词”。 动词-ed形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 动词-ed × × √ √ √ √ 说明：动词-ed形式作表语除了用在be动词之后，还可用于become, feel, get, seem/appear, remain, stay等连系动词之后。 二、语法功能的具体拆解 1. 动词-ing的语法功能 语法功能 解释 举例 作主语 动词-ing作主语时，表示习惯性的动作。单个动词-ing作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；多个动词-ing作并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Playing basketball brings him a lot of joy. 打篮球给他带来很多快乐。 Singing and dancing are my hobbies. 唱歌和跳舞是我的业余爱好 用于It作形式主语的句型中： It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用； It’s no good doing sth.做某事没好处 It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。 It’s no use complaining about your life. 抱怨生活是没有用的。 It’s no good staying up late every night. 每晚熬夜没有好处。 It’s a waste of time playing computer games all day.整天玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 作表语 用在连系动词后。 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 My job is playing all kinds of musical instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。 作宾语 用在及物动词(短语)后。 She likes helping others.她喜欢帮助别人。 Do you mind showing me how to use the app? 你介意教我如何使用这个应用软件吗？ She can’t help crying after hearing the sad news. 听到这个悲伤的消息，她忍不住哭了。 ▲部分及物动词后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式： 建议(suggest /advise) 完成(finish) 练习(practice) 介意(mind) 避免(avoid) 保持(keep) 考虑(consider) 想象(imagine) 喜欢(enjoy/like) 冒险(risk) 承认(admit) 错过(miss) 记忆口诀：建议完成练习，介意避免保持，考虑想象喜欢，冒险承认错过。 ▲一些动词短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后面必须接动词-ing形式作宾语： be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事 devote... to doing sth.致力于做某事 get down to doing sth.着手开始认真做某事 lead to doing sth.导致做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 object to doing sth.反对做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 prefer … to doing sth.比起做……更喜欢做…… stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 be/get used to doing习惯于做某事 devote... to doing致力于做某事 look forward to doing期待做某事 pay attention to doing注意做某事 用在介词后 Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。 Are you for or against keeping pets? 你赞成还是反对养宠物？ 作宾语补足语 用在动词feel, find, hear, leave, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等之后，作宾语补足语，说明动词-ing所表示的动作进行之中。 We can hear birds singing in the tree. 我们能听见鸟儿在树上鸣叫。 You shouldn’t leave him waiting so long. 你不应该让他一直等这么久。 Listen to the rain beating against the window. 听听雨正在敲打着窗户。 She watched the kids playing in the yard. 她看着孩子们在院子里玩。 I didn’t notice him leaving.我没看到他离开。 作定语 用在名词前作定语，一是表示被修饰名词的性质或用途；二是表示被修饰名词进行的动作。 a sleeping bag睡袋 a sleeping baby正在睡觉的婴儿 动词-ing短语用来作后置定语。 The boy standing there is my friend. 站在那儿的那个男孩是我的朋友。 2. 动词-ed的语法功能 语法功能 解释 举例 表语 用在连系动词后，表示主语所处的状态。 He was terrified at seeing this scene. 看到这个场景他很害怕。 The door remained unlocked.门仍然没锁。 The cup is broken.杯子是破的。 定语 用在名词前作定语，表示被修饰名词所处的状态(被动的、完成的或被动完成的)。 a broken window一扇打碎了的窗户 a newly-married couple一对新婚夫妇 a recently-built house一栋最近建造的房子 a written report书面报告；报告书 fallen leaves落叶 fried eggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 frozen food速冻食品 动词-ed短语用来作后置定语。 Many students like to read novels written in English.许多学生喜欢阅读用英语写的小说。 宾语补足语 用在宾语后，表示被修饰名词所处的状态(被动的、完成的或被动完成的以及主语遭受某事或请他人作某事)。 We found the door locked.我们发现门被锁上了。 He wants his room cleaned every day. 他想要房间每天打扫。 I saw the boy beaten by his father. 我看见那个男孩被他父亲打了。 She kept her eyes closed all the time. 她一直闭着眼睛。 Don’t leave the work unfinished. 不要留下工作半途而废。 We heard the song sung in English. 我们听到这首歌用英语演唱。 He had his leg broken yesterday. I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天剪了头发。 He got his bike repaired last week. 他上周找人修了自行车。 三、两者之间的核心区别 动词-ing和动词-ed都可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但是从语义本质、修饰对象、情感指向三个维度方面看，它们之间有严格的区分。这是本单元语法的重中之重，也是中考单选题、词汇题、语法填空题的必考点。 维度 动词-ing 动词-ed 语义本质 主动含义：事物本身具有的性质、特征 被动含义：人受到某些影响而产生的感受 中文释义 及常见词举例 令人……的 感到……的 amazing令人惊叹的 boring令人无聊的 disappointing令人失望的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 exciting令人兴奋的 frightening令人害怕的 interesting有趣的 moving令人感动的 relaxing令人放松的 satisfying令人满意的 surprising令人吃惊的 tiring令人疲惫的 worrying令人担忧的 amazed感到惊讶的 bored感到厌烦的 disappointed感到失望的 embarrassed感到尴尬的 encouraged备受鼓舞的 excited感到兴奋的 frightened感到害怕的 interested感兴趣的 moved感动的 relaxed感到放松的 satisfied感到满足的 surprised感到吃惊的 tired感到疲惫的 worried感到担忧的 修饰对象 通常修饰事物、事情、场景。 通常修饰人；也可修饰look/voice/expression 等与人情感表现相关的名词。 When I saw the satisfied expressions on the customers’ faces, I felt a great sense of achievement.当我看到顾客脸上满意的表情时，我感到很有成就感。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Life is beautiful 语法篇 (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —You don’t know how much difficulty I had ________ the book. —But the book is really worth ________ twice. A. buy, to read B. to buy, to read C. buying, reading D. buying, to be read 2. ________ every child to share the housework with their family members from a young age is of great importance. A. Educate B. Educating C. Being educated D. Educated 3. He used to ________ up late, but now he gets used to ________ up early. A. stay, get B. staying, getting C. stay, getting D. staying, get 4. —Jack, you need ________ playing the piano now. —Don’t you remember there’s something wrong with the piano? It requires ________. A. to practise, to repair B. practising, to repair C. to practise, repairing D. practising, repairing 5. I often forget ________ the door when I leave home, but yesterday I remembered ________ it. A. to lock, locking B. locking, to lock C. to lock, to lock D. locking, locking 6. She spends two hours ________ English every morning to improve her pronunciation. A. practice speaking B. practicing speaking C. practice to speak D. practicing to speak 7. I never doubt ________ the song My Motherland and I is well worth ________. A. whether, listening B. if, listening to C. that, listening to D. that, listening 8. They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A. to hold, going B. holds, to go C. to hold, to go D. holding, going 9. He devoted all the time he had ________ it possible for his children ________ better education. A. to making, to receive B. made, to receiving C. to make, to receive D. made, to receive 10. More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A. protect B. protecting C. protected D. to protect 11. The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need ________ at least once a week. A. check B. checked C. checking D. to check 12. ________ a GPS will make ________ easier for you to visit a strange place. A. Take, it B. Taking, that C. Taking, it D. Take, that 13. —Do you often see the girl ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A. sell, pick B. selling, picking C. to sell, to pick D. sell, picking 14. We had to ________ our prices because of the ________ costs. A. raised, risen B. raise, rising C. rise, raising D. rising, raising 15. The scientist tried his best to make his view ________. A. to understand B. understand C. understood D. understanding 16. The film ________ real-life events ________ by Li An. It’s moving. A. based upon, directed B. was based upon, was directed C. based upon, was directed D. was based upon, directed 17. The charity ________ in 2010 has helped thousands of children in poor areas return to school. A. was founded B. founding C. which founded D. founded 18. —I can hardly see clearly these days. I’d like to have my eyes ________. —Maybe you should consider ________ the time on the computer. A. treated, to reduce B. to treat, reducing C. treated, reducing D. treating, to reduce 19. The book ________ by Mo Yan is worth ________. A. written, reading B. wrote, to read C. writing, reading D. written, to read 20. —Recently I can’t see things clearly. How I regret ________ mobile games long! —I think you should get your eyes ________ first. A. playing, checked B. playing, to check C. to play, checked D. to play, checking 21. The old radio requires ________, so you’d better have it ________ soon. A. repairing, repaired B. to repair, repaired C. to be repaired, repair D. to repair, repair 22. We were ________ at the ________ changes that had taken place in the small mountain village. A. amazed, amazing B. amazing, amazed C. amazed, amazed D. amazing, amazing 23. The movie we watched on the train during the trip was so ________ that none of us felt ________. A. boring, boring B. bored, boring C. boring, bored D. bored, bored 24. —That’s ________ news! Our soccer team lost the game. —Don’t be ________. We can have another chance to beat them. A. disappointed, disappointed B. disappointing, disappointed C. disappointed, disappointing D. disappoint, disappointed 25. —Would you mind ________ the ________ (尴尬的) mistake I made in the speech to me, Billy? —Of course not, Miss Gao. A. explaining, embarrassed B. explaining, embarrassing C. explained, embarrassed D. explained, embarrassing 26. My mom likes ________ activities like yoga, and she always feels ________ after doing them. A. relaxed, relaxing B. relaxing, relaxed C. relaxing, relaxing D. relaxed, relaxed 27. It’s ________ that he looks so ________ because of the ________ problem he has been dealing with lately. A. worrying, worried, worried B. worried, worrying, worrying C. worrying, worried, worrying D. worried, worried, worrying 28. After a long day of work, I felt very ________. The work was so ________. A. tired, tiring B. tiring, tired C. tired, tired D. tiring, tiring 29. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 30. “With a computer ________ to the Internet, I can get all the information.” He stepped into the office, ________. A. connecting, smiling B. connected, smiling C. connecting, smiled D. connected, smiled 二、用所给词的正确形式填空(每题1分，满分20分) 1. The master explained that kung fu was a ________(fight)skill. 2. ________ to English podcasts every day is good ________ practice.(listen) 3. You need to check carefully for ________(spell)mistakes after writing the composition. 4.________ the environment is ________ our farmland.(protect) 5. ________(find)your purpose in life means ________(live)a meaningful life. 6. I have never heard the erhu ________ together with the violin. 7. I can’t play with you. I’ll get my coat ________(wash). 8. He raised his voice in order to make himself ________(hear). 9. ________(repeat)practice is an effective way to improve memory. 10. Earth is the only ________(know)planet with life in the solar system. 11. He loved the sounds of the rushing water and the ________(blow)wind. 12. Humans cut down the trees and our lovely forest was ________(go). 13. After a night of ________(beat)rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf left on the tree. 14. My grandma smiled when she saw me ________(look)for her special soup recipe in the kitchen. 15. ________(show)kindness to others is an important part of ________(live)a good life. 16. ________(see)them ________(enjoy)the food brings Amy great happiness. 17. He plans to review instead of ________(watch)TV. 18. ________(compare)with other good students, the teacher thinks, Hank is the most ________(satisfy)student. 19. When I noticed Mary and other classmates talking and laughing, I felt ________(leave)out. 20. The children were ________(frighten), but Tom couldn’t stop himself from ________(cough)loudly. 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Life is beautiful 语法篇 (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —You don’t know how much difficulty I had ________ the book. —But the book is really worth ________ twice. A. buy, to read B. to buy, to read C. buying, reading D. buying, to be read 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你不知道我买这本书有多困难。”“但这本书确实值得读两遍。”have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定搭配，第一空应用buying。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，固定搭配，第二空应用reading，故选C。 2. ________ every child to share the housework with their family members from a young age is of great importance. A. Educate B. Educating C. Being educated D. Educated 【答案】B 【解析】句意：教育每个孩子从小就和家人一起分担家务是非常重要的。Educate教育(动词原形)；Educating(动词-ing形式)；Being educated(动词-ing形式的被动形式)；Educated(动词-ed形式)。分析句子结构，空格处需要作主语，且表示主动含义的“教育孩子”，应用动词-ing形式，故选B。 3. He used to ________ up late, but now he gets used to ________ up early. A. stay, get B. staying, getting C. stay, getting D. staying, get 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他过去常常熬夜，但现在他习惯早起。used to后接动词原形，意为“过去常常做某事”；get used to后接动名词，意为“习惯于做某事”。结合这两个结构，第一空填动词原形stay，第二空填动名词getting，故选C。 4. —Jack, you need ________ playing the piano now. —Don’t you remember there’s something wrong with the piano? It requires ________. A. to practise, to repair B. practising, to repair C. to practise, repairing D. practising, repairing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“杰克，你现在需要练习弹钢琴。”“你不记得钢琴有问题吗？它需要修理。”第一空need在句中作实义动词，后接不定式to do，表示需要主动做某事，故第一空用to practise；第二空require doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“某事需要被做”，用动名词作宾语，主动形式表被动意义，故第二空用repairing，故选C。 5. I often forget ________ the door when I leave home, but yesterday I remembered ________ it. A. to lock, locking B. locking, to lock C. to lock, to lock D. locking, locking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：当我离开家的时候我经常忘记锁门，但昨天我记得锁门了。forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(动作未发生)；forget doing sth忘记做过某事(动作已发生)；remember to do sth记得要做某事(动作未发生)；remember doing sth记得做过某事(动作已发生)。根据“often forget... the door when I leave home”可知，“出门时锁门”是本该做但常忘记做的事(动作未发生)，第一空用“to lock”；根据“but yesterday I remembered...it.”可知，“昨天锁门”是已经完成的动作，第二空用“locking”，故选A。 6. She spends two hours ________ English every morning to improve her pronunciation. A. practice speaking B. practicing speaking C. practice to speak D. practicing to speak 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她每天早上花两个小时练习说英语来提高发音。根据“She spends two hours ... English...”可知，此处考查固定搭配“spend +时间+(in)doing sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”，此处“in”可省略，因此“spend”后需接动名词形式practicing，排除A和C；“practice doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，因此“practice”后需接动名词形式speaking，排除D，故选B。 7. I never doubt ________ the song My Motherland and I is well worth ________. A. whether, listening B. if, listening to C. that, listening to D. that, listening 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我从不怀疑歌曲《我和我的祖国》非常值得听。根据“I never doubt...the song My Motherland and I is well worth...”可知，第一空，在否定句“never doubt”中，宾语从句引导词应用that；第二空，be worth doing是固定搭配，意为“值得做”；但listen是不及物动词，接宾语“the song”时需加介词to，即“listen to the song”，此处需用listening to，故选C。 8. They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A. to hold, going B. holds, to go C. to hold, to go D. holding, going 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他们正在琢磨在哪里举行办公室聚会，我建议去车站附近的中国餐馆。“where + 动词不定式”结构作“wonder”的宾语，表示“在哪里做某事”；“suggest”后接动名词作宾语，表示“建议做某事”，故选A。 9. He devoted all the time he had ________ it possible for his children ________ better education. A. to making, to receive B. made, to receiving C. to make, to receive D. made, to receive 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他把自己所有的时间都用来让孩子们能接受更好的教育。devote...to doing sth.把……投入到做某事中，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式，所以第一空应填to making；make it possible for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事成为可能，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，因此第二空应填to receive，故选A。 10. More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A. protect B. protecting C. protected D. to protect 【答案】B 【解析】句意：应该更加注意保护环境。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protected保护，过去式或过去分词；to protect保护，动词不定式。根据“More attention should be paid to...the environment.”可知，此处是固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用protecting，故选B。 11. The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need ________ at least once a week. A. check B. checked C. checking D. to check 【答案】C 【解析】句意：使游泳池水安全的化学物质会有副作用。它们需要每周至少检查一次。need作为实义动词时，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，表主动，主语通常是人，need doing sth“需要被做某事”，表被动，主语通常是物，物+need+doing =物+need+to be done。根据“The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need”可知，是这些化学物质需要被检查，表被动，故选C。 12. ________ a GPS will make ________ easier for you to visit a strange place. A. Take, it B. Taking, that C. Taking, it D. Take, that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：带上全球定位系统会让你参观一个陌生的地方更容易。分析句子成分可知本句缺少主语，所以第一空用动名词作主语，排除选项A和D；第二空考查的是“动词+it+宾语补足语+to do sth”的结构，这里it作形式宾语，后面的不定式是真正宾语，故选C。 13. —Do you often see the girl ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A. sell, pick B. selling, picking C. to sell, to pick D. sell, picking 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你经常看到这个女孩在学校门口卖水果吗？”“是的。但昨天当我进教室时，看到她正在捡空瓶子。”根据问句中“often”可知，此处表示反复发生的动作，see sb. do sth.“看到某人做某事”，表示经常或习惯性的动作，因此第一空填sell；根据“when I entered the classroom”可知，答句表示进教室时女孩正在进行的动作，see sb. doing sth.“看到某人正在做某事”，因此第二空填picking，故选D。 14. We had to ________ our prices because of the ________ costs. A. raised, risen B. raise, rising C. rise, raising D. rising, raising 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于成本上升，我们不得不提高价格。raise举起，提高，及物动词；rise上升，升起，不及物动词。根据“had to”可知，后接动词原形，且填及物动词raise接“our prices”作宾语；rising是现在分词作定语，意为“正在上升的”，故选B。 15. The scientist tried his best to make his view ________. A. to understand B. understand C. understood D. understanding 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这名科学家尽他最大的努力让他的观点被理解。根据句意，此处表示“让他的观点被理解”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，构成动词搭配“make sth. done”，意为“让……被做”，故选C。 16. The film ________ real-life events ________ by Li An. It’s moving. A. based upon, directed B. was based upon, was directed C. based upon, was directed D. was based upon, directed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这部基于现实生活事件的电影由李安导演。它很感人。分析句子可知“...real-life events”作后置定语，故第一空应用非谓语。故排除BD；根据“The film...by Li An”可知第二空是谓语动词。主语“The film”和“direct”之间是被动关系，使用被动语态，故选C。 17. The charity ________ in 2010 has helped thousands of children in poor areas return to school. A. was founded B. founding C. which founded D. founded 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这家2010年成立的慈善机构已经帮助贫困地区成千上万的孩子重返校园。根据时间提示短语in 2010以及句子结构可知，主句谓语为has helped，空格处需要非谓语作后置定语。charity与found之间是被动关系，表示“被创立”，应使用过去分词founded作后置定语，founded符合题意。A选项was founded是谓语结构，本句已有谓语不能再出现谓语动词；B选项founding表主动含义；C选项which founded缺少被动语态，均不符合语境。 18. —I can hardly see clearly these days. I’d like to have my eyes ________. —Maybe you should consider ________ the time on the computer. A. treated, to reduce B. to treat, reducing C. treated, reducing D. treating, to reduce 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“我最近看东西不太清楚，想去诊治一下眼睛。”“或许你应该考虑减少使用电脑的时间。”第一空，have sth. done表示 “让某物被……”，eyes 与 treat 是被动关系，用动词-ed 形式 treated；第二空，consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”，consider后接动词- ing形式reducing作宾语，故选C。 19. The book ________ by Mo Yan is worth ________. A. written, reading B. wrote, to read C. writing, reading D. written, to read 【答案】A 【解析】句意：莫言写的那本书值得一读。第一空，book与write之间为被动关系，动词-ed形式written作后置定语；第二空，be worth doing sth.固定搭配，后接动词- ing形式reading，故选A。 20. —Recently I can’t see things clearly. How I regret ________ mobile games long! —I think you should get your eyes ________ first. A. playing, checked B. playing, to check C. to play, checked D. to play, checking 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“最近我看不清东西。我后悔玩手机游戏太久了！”“我觉得你应该先检查一下眼睛。”根据“regret”可知，regret doing sth.“后悔做某事”，因此第一个空处应用动名词作宾语；根据“get your eyes”可知，此处应用get sth. done“使某事被做”，因此应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故选A。 21. The old radio requires ________, so you’d better have it ________ soon. A. repairing, repaired B. to repair, repaired C. to be repaired, repair D. to repair, repair 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这台旧收音机需要修理，所以你最好尽快把它修好。require doing sth“某事需要被做”，sth. requires to be done“某事需要被做”；第二空是固定短语have sth done“使某事被做”，故选A。 22. We were ________ at the ________ changes that had taken place in the small mountain village. A. amazed, amazing B. amazing, amazed C. amazed, amazed D. amazing, amazing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们对这座小山村里发生的令人惊叹的变化感到十分吃惊。以-ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人，表示“感到……的”；以-ing结尾的修饰物，表示“令人……的”。we为人，用amazed；changes为物，用amazing。 23. The movie we watched on the train during the trip was so ________ that none of us felt ________. A. boring, boring B. bored, boring C. boring, bored D. bored, bored 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们在旅途中火车上看的那部电影如此无聊，以至于我们没有人感到无聊。boring令人无聊的，通常修饰物；bored感到无聊的，通常修饰人。第一空主语是“The movie”，应用boring修饰；第二空主语是“us”，应用“bored”修饰。应选boring, bored 24. —That’s ________ news! Our soccer team lost the game. —Don’t be ________. We can have another chance to beat them. A. disappointed, disappointed B. disappointing, disappointed C. disappointed, disappointing D. disappoint, disappointed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“真是令人失望的消息！我们的足球队输了这场比赛。”“不要失望。我们还有机会打败他们。”disappointed形容词，失望的，主语常为表人的词，表示某人很失望；disappointing形容词，令人失望的，多修饰表示物的名词，表示某事令人失望。句中第一空后的news(消息），表示事物，故用disappointing修饰；第二空祈使句，劝告对方不要失望，逻辑主语为某人，故使用disappointed，故选B。 25. —Would you mind ________ the ________ (尴尬的) mistake I made in the speech to me, Billy? —Of course not, Miss Gao. A. explaining, embarrassed B. explaining, embarrassing C. explained, embarrassed D. explained, embarrassing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“比利，你介意向我解释我在演讲中犯的那个令人尴尬的错误吗？”“当然不介意，高老师。”embarrassed感到尴尬的；embarrassing令人尴尬的。第一空，“mind doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“介意做某事”，后加动名词explaining；第二空，修饰物“mistake”用ing结尾的形容词embarrassing。 26. My mom likes ________ activities like yoga, and she always feels ________ after doing them. A. relaxed, relaxing B. relaxing, relaxed C. relaxing, relaxing D. relaxed, relaxed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我妈妈喜欢像瑜伽这样令人放松的活动，并且她做完后总是感到放松的。relaxed放松的，修饰人；relaxing令人放松的，修饰事物。第一空修饰activities“活动”，活动本身具有使人放松的性质，需用-ing形式relaxing表示“令人放松的”；第二空在feels后作表语，描述人的状态，需用-ed形式relaxed表示“感到放松的”，故选B。 27. It’s ________ that he looks so ________ because of the ________ problem he has been dealing with lately. A. worrying, worried, worried B. worried, worrying, worrying C. worrying, worried, worrying D. worried, worried, worrying 【答案】C 【解析】句意：令人担心的是，他看起来如此担心，因为他最近一直在处理那个令人担忧的问题。worrying令人担心的，常修饰物；worried感到担心的，常修饰人。第一空是“It’s ________ that…”句型，it指代后面整个从句，指“这件事”令人担忧，应用worrying。第二空“he looks so ________”中he是人，表示他感到担忧，应用worried。第三空“the ________ problem”中problem是事物，表示“令人担忧的问题”，应用worrying。所以正确搭配是worrying；worried；worrying。 28. After a long day of work, I felt very ________. The work was so ________. A. tired, tiring B. tiring, tired C. tired, tired D. tiring, tiring 【答案】A 【解析】句意：经过一整天的工作后，我感到非常疲倦。这份工作太累人了。tired感到疲倦的，修饰人；tiring令人疲倦的，修饰物。第一空主语是I，表示人感到疲倦，用tired；第二空主语是The work，表示工作令人疲倦，用tiring。 29. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 【答案】C 【解析】句意：迪娜为了找一份服务员的工作奋斗了好几个月，终于在当地一家广告公司找到了一份工作。根据“Dina, …for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.”可知，句中谓语动词是took和struggle的主语都是Dina，此处作状语用动词-ing形式；且两个动词有动作先后，struggle发生较早要用完成形式having struggled，故选C。 30. “With a computer ________ to the Internet, I can get all the information.” He stepped into the office, ________. A. connecting, smiling B. connected, smiling C. connecting, smiled D. connected, smiled 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“有了一台连接到互联网的电脑，我可以得到所有的信息。”他微笑着走进办公室。考查非谓语动词。computer与动词connect之间是被动冠词，故第一空填过去分词；第二空作伴随状语应用现在分词，故选B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空(每题1分，满分20分) 1. The master explained that kung fu was a ________(fight)skill. 【答案】fighting 【解析】句意：大师解释说功夫是一种格斗技能。“格斗的”用动词-ing形式fighting作定语修饰名词skill，fighting skill表示“格斗技能”，故填fighting。 2. ________ to English podcasts every day is good ________ practice.(listen) 【答案】Listening, listening 【解析】句意：每天收听英语播客是很好的听力练习。第一空在句中作主语，使用动词-ing形式Listening，置于句首首字母大写；第二空用动词-ing形式listening作定语修饰名词practice，listening practice意为“听力练习”，故填Listening, listening。 3. You need to check carefully for ________(spell)mistakes after writing the composition. 【答案】spelling 【解析】句意：你需要在完成作文后仔细检查，找出拼写错误。动词-ing形式spelling作定语修饰名词 mistakes，spelling mistakes意为“拼写错误”，故填spelling。 4.________ the environment is ________ our farmland.(protect) 【答案】Protecting, protecting 【解析】句意：保护环境就是保护我们的农田。 第一空在句中作主语，需用动词-ing形式Protecting，位于句首首字母大写；第二空置于系动词后作表语，使用动词-ing形式 protecting，故填Protecting, protecting。 5. ________(find)your purpose in life means ________(live)a meaningful life. 【答案】Finding, living 【解析】句意：找到你的人生目标意味着过一种有意义的生活。第一空在句中作主语时需用动词-ing形式 Finding，且位于句首，首字母要大写。mean doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“意味着做某事”，使用动词-ing形式living，故填Finding, living。 6. I have never heard the erhu ________ together with the violin. 【答案】played 【解析】句意：我从未听过二胡和小提琴一起演奏。句中“heard”为感官动词，在“hear sth. done”结构里，宾语the erhu和play之间是被动关系，表示二胡被演奏，需要用play的动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，故填played。 7. I can’t play with you. I’ll get my coat ________(wash). 【答案】washed 【解析】句意：我不能和你玩。我得去把外套洗了。本句使用 get sth. done 结构，意为“使某物被……”，coat与wash构成被动关系，wash的动词-ed形式为washed，在句中作宾语补足语，故填washed。 8. He raised his voice in order to make himself ________(hear). 【答案】heard 【解析】句意：他提高嗓门为的是让人听到自己的声音。本句为 make oneself done 结构，表示 “使自己被……”，himself与hear存在被动关系，使用hear的动词-ed形式heard作宾语补足语，故填heard。 9. ________(repeat)practice is an effective way to improve memory. 【答案】Repeated 【解析】句意：反复练习是提升记忆力的有效方法。动词-ed形式Repeated作定语修饰名词practice，表示“被重复的、反复的”，置于句首首字母大写，故填Repeated。 10. Earth is the only ________(know)planet with life in the solar system. 【答案】known 【解析】句意：地球是太阳系中唯一已知有生命的行星。动词-ed形式known作定语修饰名词planet，表示“为人所知的”，故填known。 11. He loved the sounds of the rushing water and the ________(blow)wind. 【答案】blowing 【解析】句意：他喜欢流水的潺潺声和风的吹拂声。动词-ing形式blowing 作定语修饰名词wind，强调风正在吹拂的状态，故填blowing。 12. Humans cut down the trees and our lovely forest was ________(go). 【答案】gone 【解析】句意：人类砍倒了树木，我们可爱的森林就消失了。本句中go的动词-ed形式gone作表语，用来表示“消失的、不复存在的” 状态，故填gone。 13. After a night of ________(beat)rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf left on the tree. 【答案】beating 【解析】句意：在经历了一夜的暴风雨之后，树上还剩下一片深绿色的叶子。动词-ing形式beating作定语修饰名词 rain，beating rain表示“瓢泼大雨”，描绘雨水猛烈敲打持续的状态，故填beating。 14. My grandma smiled when she saw me ________(look)for her special soup recipe in the kitchen. 【答案】looking 【解析】句意：当看到我在厨房里寻找她那道特色汤的食谱时，奶奶笑了。本句使用 see sb. doing sth. 结构，表示 “看见某人正在做某事”，用动词-ing形式looking作宾语补足语，强调动作正在发生，故填looking。 15. ________(show)kindness to others is an important part of ________(live)a good life. 【答案】Showing, living 【解析】句意：对别人表达善意是过好生活的重要组成部分。第一空在句中充当主语，使用动词-ing形式 Showing，句首首字母大写；介词of后接动词-ing形式living，故填 Showing, living。 16. ________(see)them ________(enjoy)the food brings Amy great happiness. 【答案】Seeing, enjoying 【解析】句意：看到他们享受食物给艾米带来了巨大的快乐。第一空作句子主语，用动词-ing形式Seeing，句首首字母大写；see sb. doing sth.意为 “看见某人正在做某事”，第二空使用动词-ing形式 enjoying作宾语补足语，故填Seeing, enjoying。 17. He plans to review instead of ________(watch)TV. 【答案】watching 【解析】句意：他打算去复习，而不是看电视。固定短语 instead of意为“代替，而不是”，of为介词，后面需要接动词-ing形式watching，故填watching。 18. ________(compare)with other good students, the teacher thinks, Hank is the most ________(satisfy)student. 【答案】Compared, satisfying 【解析】句意：与其他优秀的学生相比，老师认为汉克是一个最令人满意的学生。compared with 为固定结构，使用动词-ed形式Compared 作状语，表示被动含义，句首首字母大写；动词-ing形式 satisfying修饰student，意为“令人满意的”，用来描述事物特征，故填Compared, satisfying。 19. When I noticed Mary and other classmates talking and laughing, I felt ________(leave)out. 【答案】left 【解析】句意：当我看到玛丽和其他同学说笑时，我感到被冷落了。固定搭配 leave out 表示“冷落”，主语I和leave out 之间为被动关系，使用动词-ed形式left作表语，故填left。 20. The children were ________(frighten), but Tom couldn’t stop himself from ________(cough)loudly. 【答案】frightened, coughing 【解析】句意：孩子们很害怕，但汤姆忍不住大声咳嗽起来。使用动词-ed形式 frightened，表示“感到害怕的”；固定结构stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词from后接动词-ing形式 coughing，故填 frightened, coughing。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Life is beautiful 语法篇 关于“动词-ing的用法”语法内容，教材如是说： 动词-ing用法 动词-ing可以在句中用作主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。 ◆动词-ing用作主语。如： Smoking is not allowed in the museum.博物馆里不允许抽烟。 Learning how to eat healthily is quite important.学会如何健康饮食相当重要。 Hiking is a popular outdoor activity among young people. 徒步旅行是一项深受年轻人喜爱的户外活动。 ◆动词-ing用作宾语。如： She likes helping others.她喜欢帮助别人。 Do you mind showing me how to use the app? 你介意教我如何使用这个应用软件吗？ Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party.谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。 Are you for or against keeping pets?你赞成还是反对养宠物？ ◆动词-ing用作定语。如： Amy thinks honesty is an amazing quality.埃米认为诚实是了不起的品质。 He may be in the reading room, but I’m not sure.他可能在阅览室，但我不确定。 ◆动词-ing用作表语，用于连系动词(如be动词)之后。如： Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的爱好是集邮。 ◆动词-ing可用在动词hear、see、watch、catch、feel、notice等的宾语之后，做宾语补足语。如： When I walked past his house, I heard him playing the piano. 当我经过他的房子时，听到他正在弹钢琴。 Did you notice somebody knocking at the door just now? 你刚才注意到有人在敲门吗？ 关于“动词-ed的用法”语法内容，教材如是说： 动词-ed用法 动词-ed可以用作形容词，放在名词之前或连系动词(如be动词)之后。如： The stranger had a surprised look on his face and went away. 这个陌生人面露惊讶的神色，走开了。 The washing machine is broken.这台洗衣机坏了。 Are you satisfied with the robot?你对这个机器人满意吗？ 注意：许多动词的-ing和-ed形式都可以用作形容词，但是含义不同。动词-ing表达主动含义，而动词-ed表达被动含义。如： The students are all interested in the interesting film. 学生们都对这部有趣的电影感兴趣。 The exciting news made us all excited. 这个令人兴奋的消息使得我们都很激动。 You should try not to be annoyed by some people when you find their behaviour annoying. 当你发现有些人的行为令人讨厌时，你应该试着不去为此感到恼怒。 一、语法功能的整体感知 动词-ing形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 动词-ing 补充：做独立成分(即插入语) Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. 一般而言，相机越贵，质量就越好。 Judging by her accent, she may be a Southerner, I guess. 从她的口音判断，我猜她可能是南方人。 Judging from the regret on Tom’s face, I knew that he was feeling really ashamed. 从Tom脸上的悔意来判断，我知道他感到非常羞愧。 说明：①我们通常把作主语、宾语、表语或定语的v-ing形式统称为“动名词”； ②v-ing形式还可以作表语或定语，这时我们又把其称之为“现在分词”； ③v-ing形式作宾语补足语或状语时，我们也把其称之为“现在分词”。 动词-ed形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 动词-ed 说明：动词-ed形式作表语除了用在be动词之后，还可用于become, feel, get, seem/appear, remain, stay等连系动词之后。 二、语法功能的具体拆解 1. 动词-ing的语法功能 语法功能 解释 举例 作主语 动词-ing作主语时，表示习惯性的动作。单个动词-ing作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；多个动词-ing作并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 him a lot of joy. 打篮球给他带来很多快乐。 my hobbies. 唱歌和跳舞是我的业余爱好 用于It作形式主语的句型中： It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用； It’s no good doing sth.做某事没好处； It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。 It’s your life. 抱怨生活是没有用的。 It’s every night. 每晚熬夜没有好处。 It’s all day.整天玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 作表语 用在连系动词后。 Her hobby . 她的爱好是集邮。 My job all kinds of musical instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。 作宾语 用在及物动词(短语)后。 She others.她喜欢帮助别人。 Do you me how to use the app? 你介意教我如何使用这个应用软件吗？ She after the sad news. 听到这个悲伤的消息，她忍不住哭了。 ▲部分及物动词后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式： 建议(suggest /advise) 完成(finish) 练习(practice) 介意(mind) 避免(avoid) 保持(keep) 考虑(consider) 想象(imagine) 喜欢(enjoy/like) 冒险(risk) 承认(admit) 错过(miss) 记忆口诀：建议完成练习，介意避免保持，考虑想象喜欢，冒险承认错过。 ▲一些动词短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后面必须接动词-ing形式作宾语： be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事 devote... to doing sth.致力于做某事 get down to doing sth.着手开始认真做某事 lead to doing sth.导致做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 object to doing sth.反对做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 prefer … to doing sth.比起做……更喜欢做…… stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 be/get used to doing习惯于做某事 devote... to doing致力于做某事 look forward to doing期待做某事 pay attention to doing注意做某事 用在介词后 Thank you me to your birthday party. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。 Are you ? 你赞成还是反对养宠物？ 作宾语补足语 用在动词feel, find, hear, leave, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等之后，作宾语补足语，说明动词-ing所表示的动作进行之中。 We can in the tree. 我们能听见鸟儿在树上鸣叫。 You shouldn’t so long. 你不应该让他一直等这么久。 Listen to the rain the window. 听听雨正在敲打着窗户。 She in the yard. 她看着孩子们在院子里玩。 I didn’t .我没看到他离开。 作定语 用在名词前作定语，一是表示被修饰名词的性质或用途；二是表示被修饰名词进行的动作。 a bag睡袋 a baby正在睡觉的婴儿 动词-ing短语用来作后置定语。 The boy is my friend. 站在那儿的那个男孩是我的朋友。 2. 动词-ed的语法功能 语法功能 解释 举例 表语 用在连系动词后，表示主语所处的状态。 He was at seeing this scene. 看到这个场景他很害怕。 The door remained .门仍然没锁。 The cup is .杯子是破的。 定语 用在名词前作前置定语，表示被修饰名词所处的状态(被动的、完成的或被动完成的)。 a window一扇打碎了的窗户 a couple一对新婚夫妇 a house一栋最近建造的房子 a report书面报告；报告书 leaves落叶 eggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 food 速冻食品 动词-ed短语用来作后置定语。 Many students like to read novels .许多学生喜欢阅读用英语写的小说。 宾语补足语 用在宾语后，表示被修饰名词所处的状态(被动的、完成的或被动完成的以及主语遭受某事或请他人作某事)。 We found the door . 我们发现门被锁上了。 He wants his room every day. 他想要房间每天打扫。 I saw the boy by his father. 我看见那个男孩被他父亲打了。 She kept her eyes all the time. 她一直闭着眼睛。 Don’t leave the work . 不要留下工作半途而废。 We heard the song in English. 我们听到这首歌用英语演唱。 I had my hair yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发。 He got his bike last week. 他上周找人修了自行车。 三、两者之间的核心区别 动词-ing和动词-ed都可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但是从语义本质、修饰对象、情感指向三个维度方面看，它们之间有严格的区分。这是本单元语法的重中之重，也是中考单选、词汇题的必考点。 维度 动词-ing 动词-ed 语义本质 主动含义：事物本身具有的性质、特征 被动含义：人受到事物影响而产生的感受 中文释义 及常见词举例 令人……的 感到……的 amazing boring disappointing embarrassing encouraging exciting frightening interesting moving relaxing satisfying surprising tiring worrying amazed bored disappointed embarrassed encouraged excited frightened interested moved relaxed satisfied surprised tired worried 修饰对象 通常修饰事物、事情、场景。 通常修饰人；也可修饰 look/voice/expression 等与人情感表现相关的名词。 When I saw the on the customers’ faces, I felt a great sense of achievement.当我看到顾客脸上满意的表情时，我感到很有成就感。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $