真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国三卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-08-07
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该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了语法填空核心考点,涵盖名词性从句连接词、冠词、非谓语动词等语法点及主题词汇,按“真题再现-易错点剖析-知识点总结”架构组织,通过错因分析问题链和默写任务单,引导学生自主构建知识网络,体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于诊断性自测设计和同话题拓展阅读,如易错点后配历年真题练习,开篇设置核心词汇默写任务,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。学生可通过错题归因自主诊断薄弱点,教师能依据学情精准指导,有效提升学生自主复习效率和备考实效。

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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国三卷) 话题:与大猩猩的意外相遇 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I'm not sure [61]________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at [62]________ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the [63]________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid [64]________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel [65]________ (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a [66]________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching [67]________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find [68]________ (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal [69]________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me [70]________ (stay) and watch. 二、核心词汇及短语 1. female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ adj. 雌性的;女性的 n. 雌性动物;女性 Example: I'm not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla. 2. gorilla /ɡəˈrɪlə/ n. 大猩猩 Example: The female gorilla suddenly appeared out of nowhere. 3. out of nowhere /aʊt əv ˈnəʊweə(r)/ phr. 突然出现;不知从何处来 Example: A large gorilla appeared out of nowhere. 4. unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ adj. 出乎意料的;突然的 Example: Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla. 5. scream /skriːm/ v. 尖叫;大喊 n. 尖叫声 Example: The gorilla began screaming at the top of her lungs. 6. lung /lʌŋ/ n. 肺 Example: She screamed at the top of her lungs. 7. beat /biːt/ v. 敲打;击打 Example: The male beats his chest and charges toward me. 8. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. 冲向;猛冲 n. 费用;充电 Example: The gorilla charged toward me. 9. duck /dʌk/ v. 低下头;躲避 n. 鸭子 Example: I quickly lower myself, ducking my head. 10. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ v. 挑战 n. 挑战 Example: I avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. 11. observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察;观测 Example: I was searching for the gorillas I'd been observing. 12. colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ n. 同事 Example: My colleagues and I were worried. 13. unaggressive /ˌʌnəˈɡresɪv/ adj. 不好斗的;不具攻击性的 Example: True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. 14. deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ v. 传递;发表;递送 Example: Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay. 15. at the top of one's lungs /æt ðə tɒp əv wʌnz lʌŋz/ phr. 用最大的声音 Example: The gorilla screamed at the top of her lungs. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的,我把它们整理出来,每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空。 易错点一:名词性从句连接词的选择 原题: 61. which 错误答案: who / what / that 错因分析: 根据下文的"me or the female gorilla"可知,此处给出两个选择,句意为"我不确定哪一个感到更害怕"。故填连接代词"which",表示"哪一个"。不能用"who"(不用于选择范围中),"what"(不用于选择范围),"that"(在名词性从句中不作成分)。 知识点总结: (1)which在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语,表示"哪一个",常用于提供选择范围的语境。 (2)what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语,表示"……的东西/事情",不用于选择范围。 (3)who在名词性从句中作主语或宾语,指人,不用于选择范围。 【真题1】(2018·全国III卷) I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla. 答案与解析:which。此题正是该考点的原句,表示"哪一个更害怕"。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) I'm not sure ________ I want to go to the party or stay at home. 答案与解析:whether。"whether...or..."为固定结构,表示"是……还是……"。 【真题3】(2016·全国I卷) I don't know ________ I should choose, the red one or the blue one. 答案与解析:which。表示"哪一个"应在两者中进行选择。 易错点二:冠词(定冠词表特指) 原题: 62. the 错误答案: a / 不填 错因分析: "at [62]________ top of her lungs"是固定短语,"at the top of one's lungs"意为"用最大的声音",表示特指"她肺部的顶部",故填定冠词"the"。 知识点总结: (1)at the top of one's lungs = 用最大的声音,固定搭配。 (2)定冠词"the"用于固定搭配和特指。 (3)常见含"the"的固定搭配: at the top of(在……的顶部) at the bottom of(在……的底部) at the end of(在……的末尾) 【真题1】(2018·全国III卷) The gorilla begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs. 答案与解析:the。"at the top of one's lungs"为固定搭配。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) I was at ________ top of the mountain when the sun rose. 答案与解析:the。"at the top of"为固定搭配,表特指。 【真题3】(2016·全国II卷) He stood at ________ end of the line. 答案与解析:the。"at the end of"为固定搭配。 易错点三:非谓语动词(不定式作宾语补足语) 原题: 70. to stay 错误答案: stay / staying / stayed 错因分析: "allow sb to do sth"是固定结构,意为"允许某人做某事",动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填"to stay"。不能用动词原形(allow后面不能直接跟动词原形),也不能用动名词或过去分词。 知识点总结: (1)allow sb to do sth = 允许某人做某事。 (2)同类动词:permit(允许), forbid(禁止), encourage(鼓励), warn(警告), advise(建议)等。 (3)注意:有些动词(如make, let, have, see, hear等)接不带"to"的不定式作宾语补足语,但"allow"不在其中。 【真题1】(2018·全国III卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch. 答案与解析:to stay。"allow sb to do"为固定结构。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) The teacher allowed us ________ (leave) early. 答案与解析:to leave。"allow sb to do"为固定结构。 【真题3】(2016·全国I卷) My parents encouraged me ________ (study) abroad. 答案与解析:to study。"encourage sb to do"为固定结构。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料,与"野生动物/人与自然"同话题,难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词,请在阅读时重点关注。 Gorillas in the Mist: Conservation and Coexistence The mountain gorillas of Central Africa are among the most endangered primates on the planet. With fewer than 1,100 individuals remaining in the wild, these magnificent creatures face numerous threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and disease. However, concerted conservation efforts over the past several decades have brought them back from the brink of extinction. The story of Dian Fossey, the American primatologist who studied mountain gorillas in Rwanda and became a champion for their protection, has inspired generations of conservationists to take action. Today, thanks to strict protection measures and community-based conservation programs, the mountain gorilla population is slowly but steadily recovering. 中非的山地大猩猩是地球上最濒危的灵长类动物之一。目前野外仅存不到1100只,这些壮丽的生物面临着栖息地丧失、偷猎和疾病等诸多威胁。然而,过去几十年来协调一致的保护努力已将它们从灭绝的边缘拉了回来。美国灵长类动物学家戴安·福西在卢旺达研究山地大猩猩并成为其保护倡导者的故事,激励了几代环保主义者采取行动。如今,得益于严格的保护措施和基于社区的保护项目,山地大猩猩的种群正在缓慢但稳定地恢复。 Ecotourism has played a significant role in this recovery. By allowing carefully controlled groups of tourists to observe gorillas in their natural habitat, conservation organizations have created a sustainable economic incentive for local communities to protect the animals. Tourists pay high fees for the privilege of spending an hour with a gorilla family, and a portion of these funds is reinvested into local schools, healthcare, and infrastructure. This model has proven so successful that it is now being replicated in other parts of Africa. For visitors, the experience of coming face-to-face with a silverback gorilla is both humbling and transformative, offering a profound appreciation for the beauty and fragility of the natural world. 生态旅游在这一恢复过程中发挥了重要作用。通过允许经过严格控制的游客群体在自然栖息地观察大猩猩,保护组织为当地社区创造了一种可持续的经济激励,促使他们保护这些动物。游客为一个与大猩猩家族相处一小时的特权支付高额费用,这些资金的一部分被重新投资于当地学校、医疗保健和基础设施。这种模式已被证明非常成功,现在正在非洲其他地区被复制。对游客来说,与银背大猩猩面对面的体验既令人谦卑又具有变革性,让人对自然世界的美丽和脆弱产生深刻的欣赏。 Despite these successes, challenges remain. Gorillas are still vulnerable to human diseases, and the ongoing political instability in some regions poses a threat to conservation efforts. Furthermore, as the human population continues to grow, the pressure on gorilla habitat intensifies. Conservationists emphasize that the future of gorillas depends on continued international cooperation and a commitment to sustainable development that values biodiversity. As one researcher put it, "We have a responsibility to ensure that these creatures survive not only for their sake but for ours as well. In protecting gorillas, we protect the forests that sustain us all." 尽管取得了这些成功,挑战依然存在。大猩猩仍然容易感染人类疾病,一些地区持续的政治不稳定对保护工作构成威胁。此外,随着人口的持续增长,对大猩猩栖息地的压力也在加剧。环保主义者强调,大猩猩的未来取决于持续的国际合作和对重视生物多样性的可持续发展的承诺。正如一位研究人员所说:"我们有责任确保这些生物生存下去,不仅是为了它们,也是为了我们自己。在保护大猩猩的过程中,我们保护了维持我们所有人生命的森林。" 阅读核心词汇(背诵掌握): endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护;保存 extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝 inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd/ v. 激励;启发 community-based /kəˈmjuːnəti beɪst/ adj. 基于社区的 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的;显著的 incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/ n. 激励;动机 privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权;荣幸 replicated /ˈreplɪkeɪtɪd/ v. 复制;重复 humbling /ˈhʌmblɪŋ/ adj. 令人谦卑的 appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏;感激 fragility /frəˈdʒɪləti/ n. 脆弱;易碎性 intensifies /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪz/ v. 加剧;增强 emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调 biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 生物多样性 五、默写 第一组(来自真题语篇,共15题): 1. 雌性的;女性的 _______________ 2. 大猩猩 _______________ 3. 突然出现 _______________ 4. 出乎意料的 _______________ 5. 尖叫 _______________ 6. 肺 _______________ 7. 敲打;击打 _______________ 8. 冲向;猛冲 _______________ 9. 低下头;躲避 _______________ 10. 挑战 _______________ 11. 观察 _______________ 12. 同事 _______________ 13. 不好斗的 _______________ 14. 传递;递送 _______________ 15. 用最大的声音 _______________ 第二组(来自阅读拓展,共5题): 16. 濒危的 _______________ 17. 灭绝 _______________ 18. 激励 _______________ 19. 生物多样性 _______________ 20. 脆弱 _______________ 【参考答案】 (一)语法填空真题详解(按61-70题顺序) 61. which 考查名词性从句连接词。根据下文的"me or the female gorilla"可知,此处给出两个选择,句意为"我不确定哪一个感到更害怕"。故填连接代词"which"。 62. the 考查冠词。"at the top of one's lungs"是固定短语,意为"用最大的声音",因此填定冠词"the"。 63. loudest 考查副词最高级。由空格后的"of all"可知,雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式"loudest"。 64. looking 考查非谓语动词。"avoid"后接动名词作宾语。"avoid doing sth"意为"避免做某事"。 65. challenged 考查非谓语动词。主语"he"与"challenge"(对……挑战)为被动关系,故用过去分词"challenged"表被动,意为"感到被挑战的"。 66. scientist 考查词性转换。此处介绍"我"的身份是一位科学家。因此应填"scientist"。 67. for 考查介词固定搭配。此处意为"我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩","search for"意为"搜寻"。 68. them 考查代词。人称代词作宾语时,要用其宾格。them在此作"find"的宾语。 69. meant 考查谓语动词时态。全文是在叙述过去的情况,因此谓语动词用一般过去时"meant"。 70. to stay 考查非谓语动词。"allow sb to do sth"是固定结构,意为"允许某人做某事",因此应填"to stay"。 (二)易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题: 1. which(2018·全国III卷) 2. whether(2017·全国I卷) 3. which(2016·全国I卷) 易错点二配套真题: 1. the(2018·全国III卷) 2. the(2017·全国I卷) 3. the(2016·全国II卷) 易错点三配套真题: 1. to stay(2018·全国III卷) 2. to leave(2017·全国I卷) 3. to study(2016·全国I卷) (三)默写答案 1. female 2. gorilla 3. out of nowhere 4. unexpected 5. scream 6. lung 7. beat 8. charge 9. duck 10. challenge 11. observe 12. colleague 13. unaggressive 14. deliver 15. at the top of one's lungs 16. endangered 17. extinction 18. inspire 19. biodiversity 20. fragility 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国三卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国三卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国三卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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