真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国二卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-08-07
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该高中英语高考复习任务单以2018全国二卷语法填空真题为核心,系统梳理现在完成时、定冠词、比较级等语法考点,结合核心词汇与同话题阅读构建“真题-易错-巩固-拓展”知识网络,通过错因分析和任务驱动引导学生自主推导规则,形成语法应用的整体认知。 亮点在于诊断性巩固与主题式拓展结合,如易错点后配历年真题单句填空即时自测,同话题阅读强化词汇迁移,培养语言能力与思维品质。默写分真题词汇与拓展词汇两组,帮助学生自主诊断薄弱点,教师可依据学情精准指导,提升复习实效。

内容正文:

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国二卷) 话题:中国农业变迁——玉米取代水稻 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in China --- and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country [61]________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over [62]________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is [63]________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice [64]________ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water [65]________ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased [66]________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total [67]________ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005---when the government [68]________ (start) a soil-testing program [69]________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while [70]________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 二、核心词汇及短语 1. diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 饮食;日常食物 Example: Diets have changed in China over the past few decades. 2. crop /krɒp/ n. 农作物;收成 Example: Corn has become China's top crop. 3. corn /kɔːn/ n. 玉米 Example: China grows more corn than rice since 2011. 4. production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产;产量 Example: Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent. 5. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励;促进 Example: The government encourages farmers to grow corn. 6. fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ n. 化肥;肥料 Example: Corn creates less fertilizer runoff than rice. 7. runoff /ˈrʌnɒf/ n. 径流;溢流 Example: Fertilizer runoff pollutes lakes and reservoirs. 8. reservoir /ˈrezəvwɑː(r)/ n. 水库;蓄水池 Example: This switch has decreased pollution in major reservoirs. 9. consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消费;消耗 Example: China accounts for about 30 percent of global fertilizer consumption. 10. global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;世界的 Example: China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. 11. emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放;散发 Example: This prevented the emission of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. 12. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n. 方法;途径 v. 接近 Example: China's approach to protecting its environment offers useful lessons. 13. account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː(r)/ phr. 占(比例);说明 Example: China accounts for about 30 percent of global fertilizer consumption. 14. switch over /swɪtʃ ˈəʊvə(r)/ phr. 转换;转变 Example: This switch has decreased pollution in lakes. 15. instead of /ɪnˈsted əv/ phr. 而不是;代替 Example: Farmers grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的,我把它们整理出来,每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空,供大家即时巩固。 易错点一:谓语动词时态(现在完成时) 原题: 61. has grown 错误答案: grew / grows / had grown 错因分析: 根据时间状语“Since 2011”(自2011年以来),表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时“has grown”。主语“the country”为第三人称单数,故填“has grown”。 知识点总结: (1)现在完成时:have/has + 过去分词,表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响,或过去开始的动作持续到现在。 (2)常用时间状语:since + 时间点, for + 时间段, already, yet, ever, never, recently, over/in the past/last + 时间段等。 (3)since 2011 = 从2011年到现在,是现在完成时的标志。 【真题1】(2018·全国II卷) Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice. 答案与解析:has grown。此题正是该考点的原句,“Since 2011”是现在完成时的标志。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) Over the past 25 years, corn production ________ (jump) nearly 125 percent. 答案与解析:has jumped。“Over the past 25 years”是现在完成时的标志。 【真题3】(2016·全国I卷) I ________ (use) this computer for over twenty years. 答案与解析:have used。“for over twenty years”是现在完成时的标志。 易错点二:冠词(定冠词表特指) 原题: 62. the 错误答案: a / 不填 错因分析: “over [62]________ past 25 years”中,“past 25 years”表示“过去的25年”,是特定的时间段,说话双方都知道指的是哪段时间,故用定冠词“the”表特指。此外,“over the past + 时间段”是固定搭配。 知识点总结: (1)定冠词“the”用于特指(上文提到过的或双方都知道的人或事物)。 (2)“over the past + 时间段” = “在过去的……时间里”,是现在完成时的常用时间状语。 (3)类似结构:in the past/last + 时间段, over the years。 【真题1】(2018·全国II卷) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years. 答案与解析:the。此题正是该考点的原句,“over the past 25 years”固定搭配。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals” made of glass and aluminium. These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays closed to protect ________ plants. 答案与解析:the。此处特指“里面的植物”,用定冠词the。 【真题3】(2016·全国I卷) ________ past 20 years has seen great changes in China. 答案与解析:The。“The past 20 years”作主语,定冠词the表特指。 易错点三:介词固定搭配(less...than...) 原题: 65. than 错误答案: as / to / for 错因分析: “Corn uses less water [65]________ rice”中,“less”是比较级(little的比较级),表示“更少的”。比较级后面接“than”引出比较对象,表示“玉米比水稻用水更少”。不能用“as”(用于同级比较,as...as...)或“to”(用于different to等)。 知识点总结: (1)比较级 + than = 比……更…… (2)less...than... = 比……更少…… (3)同级比较:as...as... = 和……一样…… 【真题1】(2018·全国II卷) Corn uses less water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer runoff. 答案与解析:than。此题正是该考点的原句,“less...than...”比较结构。 【真题2】(2017·全国I卷) The more exercise you take, the ________ (healthy) you will become. 答案与解析:healthier。“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”结构,than隐含在结构中。 【真题3】(2016·全国I卷) He runs much ________ (fast) than his brother. 答案与解析:faster。句中有“than”,应用比较级。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料,与“农业/粮食安全/环境保护”同话题,难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词,请在阅读时重点关注。 The Transformation of China's Agricultural Landscape Over the past few decades, China has undergone a remarkable transformation in its agricultural sector, shifting from a subsistence farming economy to a more diversified and market-oriented system. One of the most notable changes has been the rise of corn as the country's top crop, surpassing rice in production since 2011. This shift reflects changing dietary preferences, as the growing demand for meat has driven the need for feed grains. Corn, which requires less water than rice and produces less fertilizer runoff, has also been promoted by the government as a more environmentally sustainable option, aligning with broader efforts to address water scarcity and pollution in the agricultural sector. 在过去的几十年里,中国的农业部门经历了显著的转型,从自给自足的农耕经济转向更加多元化和市场导向的体系。最显著的变化之一是玉米成为中国的首要作物,自2011年以来产量超过水稻。这一转变反映了饮食偏好的变化,因为日益增长的肉类需求推动了对饲料谷物的需求。玉米比水稻用水量更少、化肥径流更少,也被政府推广为一种更环境可持续的选择,与解决水资源短缺和农业部门污染的更广泛努力相一致。 The environmental implications of this agricultural shift are profound. Rice paddies, traditionally the dominant crop in many parts of China, are major sources of methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. By contrast, corn cultivation generally results in lower methane emissions and requires less water, making it a more climate-friendly option. However, the increased production of corn has also raised concerns about soil degradation and the overuse of chemical fertilizers, which can contaminate water sources and harm ecosystems. In response, the Chinese government has introduced soil-testing programs that provide farmers with specific recommendations on fertilizer use, helping to optimize crop yields while minimizing environmental damage. 这种农业转变的环境影响是深远的。水稻田——传统上是中国许多地区的主要作物——是甲烷排放的主要来源,甲烷是一种强效温室气体。相比之下,玉米种植通常导致较低的甲烷排放,并且需要更少的水,使其成为更气候友好的选择。然而,玉米产量的增加也引发了关于土壤退化和化肥过度使用的担忧,这可能会污染水源并损害生态系统。作为回应,中国政府推出了土壤检测项目,为农民提供化肥使用的具体建议,帮助优化作物产量,同时最小化环境破坏。 Looking ahead, the future of Chinese agriculture will likely involve further innovation in sustainable farming practices. Precision agriculture, which uses data and technology to optimize irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, is gaining traction. The integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern agricultural science offers a promising path toward food security that does not come at the expense of environmental health. As Juergen Voegele of the World Bank noted, “China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.” This recognition of the need to balance productivity with sustainability is a crucial step toward a greener and more resilient agricultural future. 展望未来,中国农业的未来可能涉及可持续农业实践的进一步创新。精准农业利用数据和技术来优化灌溉、施肥和害虫控制,正逐渐受到关注。将传统生态知识与现代农业科学相结合,为在不牺牲环境健康的前提下实现粮食安全提供了一条有希望的道路。正如世界银行的于尔根·福格勒所指出的:“中国在养活公民的同时保护环境的方法为世界各地的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了有用的经验教训。”这种对平衡生产力与可持续性必要性的认识,是迈向更绿色、更有韧性的农业未来的关键一步。 阅读核心词汇(背诵掌握): transformation /ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 转型;变革 subsistence /səbˈsɪstəns/ n. 自给自足;生存 diversified /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪd/ adj. 多样化的 preferences /ˈprefrənsɪz/ n. 偏好;偏爱 driven /ˈdrɪvn/ v. 驱动;推动 promoted /prəˈməʊtɪd/ v. 促进;推广 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. 深刻的;深远的 raised /reɪzd/ v. 引起;提出 contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v. 污染 minimizing /ˈmɪnɪmaɪzɪŋ/ v. 使最小化 innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 创新 expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 代价;费用 recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 认识;承认 sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ n. 可持续性 resilient /rɪˈzɪliənt/ adj. 有韧性的;能复原的 五、默写 第一组(来自真题语篇,共15题): 1. 饮食 _______________ 2. 农作物 _______________ 3. 玉米 _______________ 4. 生产;产量 _______________ 5. 鼓励 _______________ 6. 化肥 _______________ 7. 径流 _______________ 8. 水库 _______________ 9. 消耗 _______________ 10. 全球的 _______________ 11. 排放 _______________ 12. 方法;途径 _______________ 13. 占(比例) _______________ 14. 转换 _______________ 15. 而不是 _______________ 第二组(来自阅读拓展,共5题): 16. 转型 _______________ 17. 可持续的 _______________ 18. 创新 _______________ 19. 污染 _______________ 20. 韧性 _______________ 【参考答案】 (一)语法填空真题详解(按61-70题顺序) 61. has grown 考查谓语动词时态。由“Since 2011”可知,此处语境表示从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时,且主语“the country”为第三人称单数,故填“has grown”。 62. the 考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年,“over the past 25 years”为固定搭配,故填定冠词“the”。 63. actually 考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰介词短语“behind the change”,故填“actually”,意为“实际上”。 64. to improve 考查非谓语动词。根据语境,“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语,故填“to improve”。 65. than 考查介词。“less”是“little”的比较级,“than”引出比较对象,故填“than”。 66. pollution 考查词性转换。此处作“decrease”的宾语,应填名词“pollution”,意为“污染”。 67. global 考查词性转换。此处和“total”一起修饰名词短语“fertilizer consumption”,意为“世界的化肥总消耗量”,应填形容词“global”。 68. started 考查谓语动词时态。根据上下文可知,作者在说2005年发生的事情,应用动词的一般过去式“started”。 69. that/which 考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为“a soil-testing program”,关系代词在从句中作主语,指物,故填“that”或“which”。 70. feeding 考查非谓语动词。“when/while + 现在分词短语”作时间状语,相当于“when/while it is feeding its citizens”,主语“China”与“feed”之间为主动关系,故填“feeding”。 (二)易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题: 1. has grown(2018·全国II卷) 2. has jumped(2017·全国I卷) 3. have used(2016·全国I卷) 易错点二配套真题: 1. the(2018·全国II卷) 2. the(2017·全国I卷) 3. The(2016·全国I卷) 易错点三配套真题: 1. than(2018·全国II卷) 2. healthier(2017·全国I卷) 3. faster(2016·全国I卷) (三)默写答案 1. diet 2. crop 3. corn 4. production 5. encourage 6. fertilizer 7. runoff 8. reservoir 9. consumption 10. global 11. emission 12. approach 13. account for 14. switch over 15. instead of 16. transformation 17. sustainable 18. innovation 19. contaminate 20. resilience 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国二卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国二卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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真题精析·语法填空满分攻略(2018·全国二卷)任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
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