真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2017·全国三卷） 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了语法填空高频考点，涵盖非谓语动词、定语从句、词性转换等核心内容，通过真题精析、易错点分析配历年真题及核心词汇短语梳理构建知识网络，以问题导向引导学生自主尝试真题，任务驱动分析错因，形成系统性语法认知框架。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化复习设计，开篇设置真题再现让学生自主诊断，易错点分析配真题演练培养思维品质，同话题阅读拓展提升语言能力，默写任务分两组巩固词汇。每个模块含错因分析与词汇默写，帮助学生建立个性化知识体系，教师可通过学情精准指导，助力因材施教。

真题精析·语法填空满分攻略（2017·全国三卷） 话题：16岁超模的学业与事业抉择 一、真题再现 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61.________ (rest). Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 62.________ model in New York. Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate). She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more." 二、核心词汇及短语 1. fresh-faced /freʃ feɪst/ adj. 面容清新的；朝气蓬勃的 Example: She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. 2. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 v. 向……挑战 Example: Sarah is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. 3. supermodel /ˈsuːpəmɒdl/ n. 超级名模 Example: Sarah could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars. 4. prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 Example: She wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 5. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 决定；决心 Example: She is determined to carry on with her education. 6. educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ v. 教育 Example: She is determined to carry on with her education. 7. turn down /tɜːn daʊn/ phr. 拒绝 Example: She has turned down several invitations to star at shows. 8. concentrate on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt ɒn/ phr. 集中精力于；专注于 Example: She turned down invitations in order to concentrate on her studies. 9. take a year off /teɪk ə jɪər ɒf/ phr. 休假一年 Example: She plans to take a year off to model full-time. 10. get a degree /ɡet ə dɪˈɡriː/ phr. 获得学位 Example: She plans to go to university to get a degree in engineering. 11. be absorbed in /biː əbˈzɔːbd ɪn/ phr. 全神贯注于；沉浸于 Example: I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. 12. fall back on /fɔːl bæk ɒn/ phr. 依靠；求助于 Example: I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on. 13. as well as /æz wel æz/ phr. 不但……而且……；以及 Example: She has brains as well as beauty. 14. carry on with /ˈkæri ɒn wɪð/ phr. 继续；坚持 Example: She is determined to carry on with her education. 15. look forward to /lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tuː/ phr. 期待；盼望（to为介词） Example: Sarah is looking forward to the challenge of her new course. 三、易错点分析及知识点总结 这道题里有三个地方是同学们错误率最高的，我把它们整理出来，每个易错点后面都配了一道来源于历年高考真题的单句语法填空。 易错点一：非谓语动词（动名词作宾语） 原题： 61. resting 错误答案： rest / to rest / rested 错因分析： "spend half-term ______ (rest)"中，"spend time (in) doing"是固定结构，意为"花费时间做某事"。介词"in"可省略，但后面的动词必须用动名词形式"doing"。故填"resting"。不能用动词原形"rest"或不定式"to rest"。 知识点总结： （1）spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing = 花费时间/金钱做某事。 （2）spend + 时间/金钱 + on + 名词 = 在……上花费时间/金钱。 （3）同类结构：have difficulty (in) doing， have fun (in) doing， waste time (in) doing。 【真题1】（2017·全国III卷） She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest). 答案与解析：resting。"spend time doing"为固定结构。 【真题2】（2016·全国I卷） I spent the whole afternoon ________ (read) this novel. 答案与解析：reading。"spend time doing"为固定结构。 【真题3】（2015·全国II卷） She wasted a lot of time ________ (play) computer games. 答案与解析：playing。"waste time doing"为固定结构。 易错点二：定语从句关系代词的选择 原题： 64. who 错误答案： which / that / whom 错因分析： "But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove..."中，先行词为"Sarah"（人），关系代词在从句中作主语（"has taken part"的主语），且从句由逗号与主句隔开，为非限制性定语从句。指人且作主语用"who"，不能用"which"（指物），也不能用"whom"（作宾语时用），"that"不能用于非限制性定语从句。 知识点总结： （1）非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用"who"，作宾语用"whom"。 （2）指物作主语或宾语用"which"。 （3）"that"不能用于非限制性定语从句。 【真题1】（2017·全国III卷） But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 答案与解析：who。非限制性定语从句，先行词为人，作主语。 【真题2】（2016·全国I卷） My uncle, ________ is a doctor, lives in Shanghai. 答案与解析：who。非限制性定语从句，先行词为人，作主语。 【真题3】（2015·全国II卷） The writer, ________ works are widely read, will give a lecture. 答案与解析：whose。非限制性定语从句，表示所属关系（作家的作品）。 易错点三：词性转换（名词→副词） 原题： 70. certainly 错误答案： certain / certainty / uncertain 错因分析： "It is ______ (certain) fun"中，"fun"是名词，但此处"fun"作表语形容词用（意为"有趣的"），需要副词修饰。"certain"的副词形式为"certainly"，意为"当然；确实"。故填"certainly"。不能用"certain"（形容词，不能修饰fun），也不能用"certainty"（名词）。 知识点总结： （1）副词修饰形容词/副词/动词，作状语。 （2）形容词变副词规则： 直接加-ly：certain → certainly， recent → recently 以-y结尾变-i加-ly：happy → happily， easy → easily 以-le结尾变-ly：terrible → terribly， gentle → gently 【真题1】（2017·全国III卷） It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 答案与解析：certainly。修饰形容词"fun"用副词。 【真题2】（2016·全国I卷） The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 答案与解析：officially。修饰过去分词"given"用副词。 【真题3】（2015·全国I卷） She spoke ________ (angry) because she was very upset. 答案与解析：angrily。修饰动词"spoke"用副词。 四、同话题时事热点阅读 下面是一篇完整的阅读理解材料，与"青少年平衡学业与事业"同话题，难度适中。加粗词汇为必背核心词，请在阅读时重点关注。 The Balancing Act: Young Stars Navigating Education and Career In an era of social media fame and early career success, a growing number of young people find themselves navigating the complex challenge of balancing education with professional ambitions. Sarah Thomas, a 16-year-old model earning £6,500 a day while studying for her A-levels, is far from alone. From young actors and musicians to athletes and entrepreneurs, these talented individuals must make difficult decisions about how to allocate their time and energy. While some advocate for fully pursuing career opportunities, others emphasize the importance of education as a safety net. The pressure to choose between immediate success and long-term security can be overwhelming for teenagers who are still developing their identities and understanding their priorities. 在社交媒体名气和早期职业成功的时代，越来越多的年轻人发现自己正面临着平衡学业与职业抱负的复杂挑战。莎拉·托马斯，一位16岁的模特，在攻读A-level课程的同时每天赚取6500英镑，她绝非个例。从年轻演员、音乐家到运动员和企业家，这些有才华的个体必须做出艰难的决定，如何分配他们的时间和精力。虽然一些人主张全力追求职业机会，但其他人则强调教育作为安全网的重要性。在即时成功与长期保障之间做出选择的压力，对于仍在发展自我认同和理解自身优先事项的青少年来说，可能是难以承受的。 Research has shown that a solid educational foundation provides critical benefits that extend far beyond the classroom. It develops critical thinking skills, broadens horizons, and provides a diverse network of peers and mentors. Perhaps most importantly, education offers young people flexibility and options, allowing them to pivot if their first career choice does not work out. Many successful individuals who achieved early fame have later expressed regret about neglecting their studies, recognizing that education would have provided them with greater resilience and adaptability in an unpredictable industry. As one career counselor put it, "Education is not just about qualifications; it is about building a framework for lifelong learning and personal growth." 研究表明，扎实的教育基础提供了远超课堂的关键益处。它培养了批判性思维能力，拓宽了视野，并提供了一个由同龄人和导师组成的多元化网络。也许最重要的是，教育为年轻人提供了灵活性和选择，使他们能够在第一份职业选择不成功时调整方向。许多早年成名的成功人士后来都表示对忽视学业感到遗憾，认识到教育本可以为他们提供在变幻莫测的行业中更大的韧性和适应能力。正如一位职业顾问所说："教育不仅仅是关于学历；它是关于构建终身学习和个人成长的框架。" For those who successfully balance both, the rewards can be extraordinary. By combining practical experience with academic knowledge, they gain a unique perspective that sets them apart from their peers. The discipline required to manage a demanding career while maintaining academic performance often translates into a strong work ethic and effective time management skills. Moreover, the challenges of navigating these dual demands can foster maturity and self-awareness that serve them well in later life. As Sarah Thomas wisely concluded, "I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more." This forward-thinking approach, which values both immediate opportunities and long-term security, represents a balanced and pragmatic path for young people in today's fast-paced world. 对于那些成功平衡两者的人来说，回报可能是非凡的。通过将实践经验与学术知识相结合，他们获得了独特的视角，使他们在同龄人中脱颖而出。管理一份要求很高的职业同时保持学业成绩所需的纪律，往往转化为强烈的职业道德和有效的时间管理技能。此外，应对这些双重需求的挑战可以培养成熟和自我意识，这对他们以后的生活大有裨益。正如莎拉·托马斯明智地总结的那样："当我不能再做模特时，我不想没有别的东西可以依靠。"这种前瞻性的思维方式，既重视眼前的机遇，也重视长期保障，代表了当今年轻人在快节奏世界中一条平衡而务实的道路。 阅读核心词汇（背诵掌握）： navigating /ˈnævɪɡeɪtɪŋ/ v. 导航；应对 talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ adj. 有才华的 advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 倡导；主张 emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调 overwhelming /ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ adj. 难以承受的；压倒性的 foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 基础 horizons /həˈraɪznz/ n. 视野 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 多样的；不同的 flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性 regret /rɪˈɡret/ n. 遗憾；后悔 resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 韧性；适应力 extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdəri/ adj. 非凡的；杰出的 perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 视角；观点 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 表现；成绩 maturity /məˈtʃʊərəti/ n. 成熟 immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ adj. 立即的；眼前的 pragmatic /præɡˈmætɪk/ adj. 务实的；实际的 五、默写 第一组（来自真题语篇，共15题）： 1. 面容清新的 _______________ 2. 挑战 _______________ 3. 超级名模 _______________ 4. 证明 _______________ 5. 决定 _______________ 6. 教育 _______________ 7. 拒绝 _______________ 8. 集中精力于 _______________ 9. 休假一年 _______________ 10. 获得学位 _______________ 11. 全神贯注于 _______________ 12. 依靠；求助于 _______________ 13. 不但……而且 _______________ 14. 继续 _______________ 15. 期待 _______________ 第二组（来自阅读拓展，共5题）： 16. 有才华的 _______________ 17. 视野 _______________ 18. 韧性 _______________ 19. 成熟的 _______________ 20. 务实的 _______________ 【参考答案】 （一）语法填空真题详解（按61-70题顺序） 61. resting 考查非谓语动词。"spend time (in) doing"为固定结构，意为"花费时间做某事"，故填动名词"resting"。 62. a 考查冠词。此处表示"作为一名模特"，表泛指，且"model"以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词"a"。 63. has been told/was told 考查谓语动词时态和语态。此处意为"萨拉被告知下一年她可能成为收入百万美元的英国新超级模特"。主语"Sarah"与"tell"为被动关系，且描述的是过去的事实，也可能对现在造成影响，因此此处填"has been told"或"was told"。 64. who 考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知，主语为"Sarah"，谓语部分为"wants..."。"has taken part in shows along with top models"作定语修饰先行词"Sarah"，且指代先行词的关系代词在从句中作主语，因此填"who"。 65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。"want to do sth"意为"想要做某事"，动词不定式作宾语，故填"to prove"。 66. education 考查词性转换。此处意为"她决定继续她的学业"，由"her"可知，因此填名词"education"。 67. invitations 考查名词复数。由修饰词"several"可知，"invitation"应用复数形式"invitations"。 68. in 考查介词。此处意为"工程或建筑专业的学位"，介词应用"in"，表示"在……领域"。 69. comes 考查谓语动词时态。由"at the moment"可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语"school"为第三人称单数，故填"comes"。 70. certainly 考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词"fun"，因此用副词"certainly"。 （二）易错点配套真题答案 易错点一配套真题： 1. resting（2017·全国III卷） 2. reading（2016·全国I卷） 3. playing（2015·全国II卷） 易错点二配套真题： 1. who（2017·全国III卷） 2. who（2016·全国I卷） 3. whose（2015·全国II卷） 易错点三配套真题： 1. certainly（2017·全国III卷） 2. officially（2016·全国I卷） 3. angrily（2015·全国I卷） （三）默写答案 1. fresh-faced 2. challenge 3. supermodel 4. prove 5. determine 6. education 7. turn down 8. concentrate on 9. take a year off 10. get a degree 11. be absorbed in 12. fall back on 13. as well as 14. carry on with 15. look forward to 16. talented 17. horizon 18. resilience 19. mature 20. pragmatic 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $