2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语上册语法专题训练

**基本信息** 以“规则口诀+错误分析+三层递进”构建语法突破体系，紧扣教材单元逻辑，通过72道精选试题系统提升语言运用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |8大语法考点|72题（基础/提升/拓展各3题/考点）|语法规则口诀化（如“主动变被动口诀”）、经典错误对比分析（如情态动词被动漏“be”）|前6考点对应教材单元（Water至Life in the future），后2考点综合提升，形成“单元基础→跨单元综合”递进链|

沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册 · 英语语法专题训练 2026沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册英语 语法专题训练（含答案解析） 覆盖全册 6 个单元 · 8 大核心语法考点 · 72 道精选试题 基础 → 提升 → 拓展 三层递进 · 紧扣教材 · 自主创新 考点 语法名称 对应单元 核心内容 一 被动语态 Unit 1 Water be + P.P.；情态动词被动 二 现在完成时被动 & 动名词 Unit 2 Digital life have been done；enjoy/avoid + doing 三 动词不定式 Unit 3 Curious minds to do作主语/宾语/表语/状语 四 used to & 让步状语从句 Unit 4 Then and now used to do；although/though 五 现在完成时 & 宾语从句 Unit 5 Teamwork for/since + 延续动词；陈述语序 六 一般将来时 & 条件状语从句 Unit 6 Life in the future will/be going to；主将从现 七 比较级与最高级 综合提升 规则/不规则变化；the more...the more 八 情态动词 & 反身代词 综合提升 must/may/can't推测；oneself 考点一：被动语态（一般现在时 & 情态动词被动） 📖 对应单元：Unit 1 Water 【语法规则】 1. 被动语态基本结构：be (am/is/are) + 过去分词(P.P.)，强调动作的承受者。 2. 情态动词被动结构：情态动词(can/must/should) + be + P.P.。 3. 主动变被动口诀：宾变主、主变by宾、动词变be done。 4. 不及物动词(go/die/happen) 无被动语态。 5. 短语动词(look after / turn off) 变被动时不可丢掉介词。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ Water must save. → ✅ Water must be saved.（情态动词被动不能省be） ❌ The water is taste good. → ✅ The water tastes good.（系动词不用被动） ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. → ✅ The accident happened yesterday.（happen无被动） ❌ She was looked after by her mother. → ✅ She was looked after by her mother.（短语动词介词不可丢） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) Water ___ every day for drinking and cleaning. A. use B. is used C. used D. was used (2) The river ___ by the factory last year. A. polluted B. was polluted C. is polluting D. pollutes (3) The room should ___ clean every morning. A. keep B. be kept C. kept D. is kept ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) The windows of our classroom ___ once a week. A. clean B. are cleaned C. were cleaned D. is cleaned (2) A lot of water ___ in our city every day. A. waste B. is wasted C. are wasted D. was wasted (3) The old bridge ___ next month. A. will repair B. will be repaired C. is repaired D. was repaired ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) Many new schools ___ (build) in this city since 2020. （所给词：build） (2) The homework must ___ (finish) before dinner. （所给词：finish） (3) This kind of flower ___ (water) every two days. （所给词：water） 考点二：现在完成时的被动语态 & 动名词作宾语 📖 对应单元：Unit 2 Digital life 【语法规则】 1. 现在完成时被动：have/has + been + P.P.，强调过去动作对现在的影响。 2. 常与recently / in recent years / so far等时间状语连用。 3. 动名词(doing)作宾语：enjoy / avoid / finish / practice / mind + doing。 4. 动名词的否定式：not doing。 5. 介词后接动名词：be good at / be interested in / by + doing。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ I enjoy play games. → ✅ I enjoy playing games.（enjoy后接doing） ❌ The work has finished. → ✅ The work has been finished.（现在完成时被动） ❌ She is good at swim. → ✅ She is good at swimming.（介词at后接doing） ❌ He avoided to answer the question. → ✅ He avoided answering the question.（avoid后接doing） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) The digital camera ___ (invent) in the 1990s. A. invent B. invented C. was invented D. has invented (2) Olivia enjoys ___ online with her friends after school. A. chat B. to chat C. chatting D. chatted (3) The problem ___ already ___ by the engineer. A. has; solved B. have; solved C. has; been solved D. had; solved ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) Zhou Kai is interested in ___ computer games in his free time. A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed (2) The old software ___ (use) since 2020. A. has been used B. has used C. was used D. is used (3) We should avoid ___ too much time on social media. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) The new app ___ (download) by millions of users so far. （所给词：download） (2) Chen Wei finished ___ (write) his report at midnight. （所给词：write） (3) The website must ___ (update) regularly to keep safe. （所给词：update） 考点三：动词不定式(to do)作主语、宾语、表语和目的状语 📖 对应单元：Unit 3 Curious minds 【语法规则】 1. 不定式作主语：To do... + 谓语，常用It作形式主语：It is + adj. + to do。 2. 不定式作宾语：want / hope / decide / choose / offer + to do。 3. 不定式作表语：主语 + be + to do，说明主语内容或目的。 4. 不定式作目的状语：to do放在句首或句末表目的。 5. 使役动词make / let / have后接不带to的不定式；被动语态中to还原。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ He decided going abroad. → ✅ He decided to go abroad.（decide后接to do） ❌ It is important learn English. → ✅ It is important to learn English.（It作形式主语） ❌ She made me to laugh. → ✅ She made me laugh.（make后接不带to的不定式） ❌ My dream is become a scientist. → ✅ My dream is to become a scientist.（be后接to do作表语） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) It is important for us ___ English well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned (2) Lily wants ___ a scientist when she grows up. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became (3) His dream is ___ a famous singer one day. A. be B. to be C. being D. been ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) The teacher asked us ___ the classroom after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned (2) They went to Xiamen ___ a better life. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found (3) Jam chose ___ the swimming club because he likes swimming. A. join B. to join C. joining D. joined ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) It took Olivia two hours ___ (finish) her homework yesterday. （所给词：finish） (2) Bella offered ___ (help) me with my maths. （所给词：help） (3) The best way ___ (learn) a language is to use it every day. （所给词：learn） 考点四：used to do & 让步状语从句(although/though) 📖 对应单元：Unit 4 Then and now 【语法规则】 1. used to + 动词原形：表示过去常常做某事（现在不做了）。 2. 否定：didn't use to do；疑问：Did...use to do? 3. be used to doing：习惯于做某事（to是介词，后接doing）。 4. although / though / even though引导让步状语从句，表示虽然……但是……。 5. although / though不能与but连用；但可与yet / still连用。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ I used to went to school by bus. → ✅ I used to go to school by bus.（used to后接动词原形） ❌ Although it rained, but we went out. → ✅ Although it rained, we went out.（不能but和although连用） ❌ He is used to get up early. → ✅ He is used to getting up early.（be used to后接doing） ❌ She didn't used to like maths. → ✅ She didn't use to like maths.（否定用use原形） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) People ___ travel by horse in the past. A. use to B. used to C. are used to D. were used to (2) Although it was raining heavily, ___ still went to school. A. but they B. and they C. they D. so they (3) She didn't ___ live in Wuhan, but now she does. A. use to B. used to C. using to D. uses to ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) Jam is used to ___ up early in the morning. A. get B. getting C. got D. gets (2) ___ he is very busy, he still helps his mum with housework. A. But B. And C. Although D. So (3) There ___ be a small river near our school, but now it's gone. A. use to B. used to C. is used to D. was used to ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) Chen Wei ___ (use) to play football after school, but now he plays basketball. （所给词：use） (2) Even though it was cold, Lily ___ (go) swimming in the sea. （所给词：go） (3) Olivia is used to ___ (read) before bed every night. （所给词：read） 考点五：现在完成时(延续性动词 + for/since) & 宾语从句(陈述语序) 📖 对应单元：Unit 5 Teamwork 【语法规则】 1. 现在完成时结构：have/has + 过去分词，强调过去动作对现在的影响。 2. for + 时间段 / since + 时间点，需搭配延续性动词(live / work / study)。 3. 短暂性动词(buy / join / die / leave)不能接for/since，需转换：buy→have, join→be in, die→be dead。 4. 宾语从句三要素：引导词(that/if/whether/wh-)、陈述语序(主+谓)、时态呼应。 5. 主句过去时，从句须用过去相关时态（客观真理除外）。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ He has bought the car for 3 years. → ✅ He has had the car for 3 years.（buy是短暂动词，需转have） ❌ I don't know where is he. → ✅ I don't know where he is.（宾语从句用陈述语序） ❌ She said the earth was round. → ✅ She said the earth is round.（客观真理用一般现在时） ❌ They have left here since 2020. → ✅ They have been away from here since 2020.（leave转be away） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) Zhang Hao has ___ in Qingdao for ten years. A. lived B. live C. living D. lives (2) I wonder ___ he will come to the party. A. that B. if C. what D. which (3) The team has worked together ___ last September. A. for B. since C. in D. on ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) Could you tell me ___ the nearest hospital is? A. where B. what C. which D. that (2) She said she ___ the book already. A. reads B. read C. has read D. had read (3) How long have you ___ the football club? A. joined B. been in C. taken part in D. attended ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) Bella has ___ (learn) to play the piano since she was six. （所给词：learn） (2) I don't know what ___ (happen) to him yesterday. （所给词：happen） (3) They have been good friends for many years, but nobody knows when they ___ (meet) first. （所给词：meet） 考点六：一般将来时(will & be going to) & 条件状语从句(主将从现) 📖 对应单元：Unit 6 Life in the future 【语法规则】 1. will + 动词原形：表客观将来或临时决定。否定won't，疑问Will you...? 2. be going to + 动词原形：表主观计划或有迹象的将来。 3. 条件状语从句主将从现：if / unless / as long as引导，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。 4. unless = if...not，unless it rains = if it doesn't rain。 5. 时间状语从句同理：when / before / after / until + 一般现在时表将来。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ If it will rain, we will stay at home. → ✅ If it rains, we will stay at home.（if从句用一般现在时） ❌ I will go to there tomorrow. → ✅ I will go there tomorrow.（there前不加to） ❌ She is going to rains. → ✅ It is going to rain.（be going to后接动词原形） ❌ Unless you won't work hard, you will fail. → ✅ Unless you work hard, you will fail.（unless = if not，不再用won't） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay at home. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained (2) Look at the dark clouds! It ___ to rain soon. A. will B. is going C. goes D. rained (3) Unless you ___ hard, you won't pass the exam. A. will study B. studied C. study D. are studying ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) As long as you try your best, you ___ succeed. A. will B. won't C. are D. were (2) Olivia and Lily ___ to Jinan for a trip next week. A. go B. goes C. will go D. went (3) I'm sure humans ___ on Mars one day. A. live B. lived C. will live D. have lived ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) Zhou Kai ___ (visit) his grandparents in Xiamen this summer. （所给词：visit） (2) If she ___ (not finish) her homework, she can't watch TV. （所给词：not finish） (3) By 2050, many people ___ (work) from home with the help of AI. （所给词：work） 考点七：形容词与副词的比较级、最高级 📖 对应单元：综合提升 【语法规则】 1. 规则变化：单音节加-er/-est；辅音+y变i加-er/-est；重读闭音节双写末辅音再加。 2. 多音节词加more/most：more beautiful / most beautiful。 3. 不规则变化：good/well→better→best; bad→worse→worst; far→farther/further。 4. 比较级修饰：much / a lot / even / still + 比较级。 5. 原级比较：as + 原级 + as；否定not as/so...as。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ She is more taller than me. → ✅ She is taller than me.（taller本身已是比较级，不能再加more） ❌ This is the most fastest car. → ✅ This is the fastest car.（fastest已含最高级，去掉most） ❌ He runs very fastly. → ✅ He runs very fast.（fast既是形容词也是副词） ❌ My book is more expensive than her. → ✅ My book is more expensive than hers.（比较对象需对等，用名词性物主代词） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) Kunming is ___ city I have ever visited. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful (2) The more you practice, ___ you will be. A. the better B. better C. the best D. best (3) Chen Wei runs ___ than any other student in his class. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) This book is ___ of the three. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting (2) Olivia is not ___ Lily. A. as tall as B. as taller as C. so tall than D. as tall than (3) Jam studies ___ than before, so he gets better grades. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. more hard ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) The weather in Qingdao is ___ (good) than that in Wuhan in summer. （所给词：good） (2) This is the ___ (bad) film I have ever seen. （所给词：bad） (3) The more we learn, the ___ (wise) we become. （所给词：wise） 考点八：情态动词表推测、建议与反身代词 📖 对应单元：综合提升 【语法规则】 1. must be：肯定推测(把握最大)；may/might be：可能(把握较小)；can't be：不可能。 2. should / shouldn't表建议：should + 动词原形。 3. must(主观必须) vs. have to(客观必须)：must强调内在义务，have to强调外部要求。 4. 反身代词：myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves。 5. 反身代词常见搭配：enjoy oneself / teach oneself / by oneself / help oneself to。 【经典错误分析】 ❌ He must goes to school now. → ✅ He must go to school now.（情态动词后接动词原形） ❌ She taught herself play the piano. → ✅ She taught herself to play the piano.（teach oneself to do） ❌ They did it themselves. → ✅ They did it by themselves.（by oneself独自） ❌ You mustn't smoke here. → ✅ You must not smoke here.（mustn't表禁止，语气最强） ◇ 基础题（选择题） (1) You ___ be careful when you cross the busy street. A. can B. should C. might D. would (2) It ___ be Lily at the door. She is in Wuhan now. A. must B. can C. can't D. should (3) The children enjoyed ___ at the birthday party. A. them B. theirs C. themselves D. their ▷ 提升题（选择题） (1) I have to get up early because my school starts at 7 a.m. Here 'have to' means ___. A. 主观意愿 B. 客观要求 C. 允许 D. 建议 (2) He taught ___ French by listening to podcasts. A. him B. he C. his D. himself (3) Students ___ bring mobile phones to class. It's a school rule. A. mustn't B. needn't C. wouldn't D. couldn't ★ 拓展题（用所给词适当形式填空） (1) You ___ (should / shouldn't) eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. （所给词：should/shouldn't） (2) She can look after ___ (she) when her parents are out. （所给词：she） (3) The lights are on. Someone ___ (must / can't) be at home. （所给词：must/can't） 参考答案与详细解析 考点一 被动语态 【基础题】 1. 【B】 句意：水每天被用来饮用和清洁。every day用一般现在时被动is used。 2. 【B】 句意：去年这条河被工厂污染了。last year提示一般过去时被动was polluted。 3. 【B】 should后接动词原形，被动为should be kept。 【提升题】 1. 【B】 主语windows复数，once a week用一般现在时被动are cleaned。 2. 【B】 water不可数，every day用一般现在时被动is wasted。 3. 【B】 next month提示一般将来时被动will be repaired。 【拓展题】 1. 【have been built】 since 2020提示现在完成时被动，主语复数用have been built。 2. 【be finished】 must后接动词原形，被动为be finished。 3. 【is watered】 every two days提示一般现在时被动，主语单数用is watered。 考点二 现在完成时被动 & 动名词 【基础题】 1. 【C】 in the 1990s提示一般过去时被动was invented。 2. 【C】 enjoy后接动名词chatting。 3. 【C】 already提示现在完成时被动，主语单数用has been solved。 【提升题】 1. 【C】 be interested in后接动名词designing。 2. 【A】 since 2020提示现在完成时被动has been used。 3. 【C】 avoid后接动名词spending。 【拓展题】 1. 【has been downloaded】 so far提示现在完成时被动，主语单数用has been downloaded。 2. 【writing】 finish后接动名词writing。 3. 【be updated】 must后接动词原形，被动为be updated。 考点三 动词不定式 【基础题】 1. 【B】 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do固定句型。 2. 【B】 want后接不定式to become。 3. 【B】 be后接不定式to be作表语。 【提升题】 1. 【B】 ask sb. to do sth.固定搭配。 2. 【B】 不定式to find作目的状语。 3. 【B】 choose后接不定式to join。 【拓展题】 1. 【to finish】 It takes sb. + time + to do sth.固定句型。 2. 【to help】 offer后接不定式to help。 3. 【to learn】 the best way to do sth.固定搭配。 考点四 used to & 让步状语从句 【基础题】 1. 【B】 句意：过去人们常常骑马出行。used to + 动词原形。 2. 【C】 although与but不能连用，直接接主语they。 3. 【A】 didn't use to do为正确否定形式。 【提升题】 1. 【B】 be used to doing表示习惯于做某事。 2. 【C】 although引导让步状语从句，表示虽然。 3. 【B】 句意：过去学校附近有一条小河。used to be表示过去存在。 【拓展题】 1. 【used】 used to do表示过去常常做某事。 2. 【went】 even though引导让步状语从句，主句用一般过去时went。 3. 【reading】 be used to doing表示习惯于做某事。 考点五 现在完成时延续性 & 宾语从句 【基础题】 1. 【A】 for ten years需搭配延续性动词，has lived。 2. 【B】 句意：我想知道他是否会来聚会。if引导宾语从句表是否。 3. 【B】 since + 时间点(last September)用现在完成时。 【提升题】 1. 【A】 句意：你能告诉我最近的医院在哪里吗？where引导宾语从句。 2. 【D】 主句said过去时，从句用过去完成时had read。 3. 【B】 how long需搭配延续性状态，been in the club。 【拓展题】 1. 【learned/learnt】 since引导的时间状语，用现在完成时has learned。 2. 【happened】 yesterday提示一般过去时，且宾语从句用陈述语序。 3. 【met】 when引导宾语从句，初次见面是过去的事，用met。 考点六 一般将来时 & 条件状语从句 【基础题】 1. 【B】 if引导条件状语从句，主将从现，从句用rains。 2. 【B】 Look at提示有迹象的将来，用is going to。 3. 【C】 unless引导条件从句，用一般现在时study。 【提升题】 1. 【A】 as long as引导条件从句，主句用一般将来时will succeed。 2. 【C】 next week提示一般将来时will go。 3. 【C】 one day(将来某一天)提示一般将来时will live。 【拓展题】 1. 【will visit / is going to visit】 this summer提示一般将来时，两种形式均可。 2. 【doesn't finish】 if条件从句，主将从现，从句用doesn't finish。 3. 【will work】 By 2050提示一般将来时will work。 考点七 比较级与最高级 【基础题】 1. 【D】 I have ever visited提示最高级，beautiful多音节加most且加the。 2. 【A】 the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...越...越...结构。 3. 【B】 than提示比较级，fast的比较级为faster。 【提升题】 1. 【C】 of the three提示三者比较用最高级，加the most interesting。 2. 【A】 as + 原级 + as结构，表示和...一样高。 3. 【B】 than提示比较级，hard的比较级为harder。 【拓展题】 1. 【better】 than提示比较级，good的比较级为better。 2. 【worst】 I have ever seen提示最高级，bad的最高级为worst。 3. 【wiser】 the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...结构，wise的比较级为wiser。 考点八 情态动词 & 反身代词 【基础题】 1. 【B】 句意：过繁忙街道时你应该小心。should表建议。 2. 【C】 句意：不可能是Lily，她现在在武汉。can't be表不可能。 3. 【C】 enjoy oneself玩得开心，children对应themselves。 【提升题】 1. 【B】 学校7点上课是客观规定，have to表示客观必须。 2. 【D】 teach oneself自学，主语he对应himself。 3. 【A】 校规禁止带手机，mustn't表禁止。 【拓展题】 1. 【shouldn't】 句意：你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。shouldn't表建议不做。 2. 【herself】 look after oneself照顾自己，she对应herself。 3. 【must】 灯亮着说明一定有人在家，must be表肯定推测。 — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $