2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）七年级英语上册语法专题练习

**基本信息** 聚焦8大高频语法考点，以核心规则+经典错误构建方法体系，按基础-提升-拓展分层训练，助力语言能力与思维品质协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |8大语法考点|8考点×9题=72题，含基础/提升/拓展分层|核心规则（如时态变化、情态动词用法）+经典错误（如三单变化、比较级冗余）|按教材单元递进（Starter-Unit6），覆盖时态、情态动词等核心语法，形成从概念到应用的逻辑链条|

沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册 · 语法专题练习 2026沪教版（五四学制）七年级上册英语 语法专题练习 紧扣 2024 最新教材　|　8 大考点 × 9 题 = 72 题 全部选择题　|　含详细参考解析 📋 本册八大重点常考语法一览 序号 语法点 对应单元 考查频率 难度 1 一般现在时（含第三人称单数变化） Starter & Unit 1 ★★★★★ 极高 2 情态动词 can / could / may / might Unit 1 ★★★★☆ 高 3 一般将来时（will / be going to） Unit 1 ★★★★☆ 高 4 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级 Unit 5 ★★★★★ 极高 5 形容词原级比较（as...as / not as...as） Unit 6 ★★★☆☆ 中 6 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词） Unit 4 ★★★★★ 极高 7 情态动词 had better / need / dare Unit 2 ★★★★☆ 高 8 不定代词与数量表达（some/any/either/neither/both/all） Unit 6 ★★★★☆ 高 考点一：一般现在时（含第三人称单数变化） 📖 对应单元：Starter & Unit 1　|　考查频率：★★★★★（极高） 💡 核心规则：① 主语 I/You/We/They/复数名词 → 动词原形 ② 主语 He/She/It/单数名词 → 动词+s/es ③ 辅音+y结尾变y为i加es (study→studies) ④ 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾加es (go→goes, watch→watches) ⑤ 否定/疑问用 do/does，动词还原 ⚠ 经典错误：❌ He play football. → ✅ He plays ❌ She studys hard. → ✅ She studies ❌ Does he likes it? → ✅ Does he like it? ❌ I doesn't know. → ✅ I don't know. ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. Olivia usually _____ to school by bus every morning.　 A.go B.goes C.going D.gone ◇（　）2. Jam and Chen Wei often _____ basketball after class.　 A.play B.plays C.playing D.played ◇（　）3. Lily _____ like eating pizza for lunch.　 A.don't B.doesn't C.isn't D.not ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. Zhang Hao _____ his homework carefully every evening, so he always gets good marks.　 A.do B.does C.doing D.did ▷（　）2. — Does Zhou Kai _____ English songs well? — Yes, he _____.　 A.sings; does B.sing; sings C.sing; does D.sings; do ▷（　）3. Bella's parents _____ in Wuhan, but she _____ in Xiamen now.　 A.lives; live B.live; lives C.lives; lives D.live; live ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. _____ your brother usually _____ up early on weekends?　 A.Do; gets B.Does; get C.Is; getting D.Does; gets ★（　）2. Neither Olivia nor her friends _____ about the film, because none of them _____ seen it.　 A.knows; has B.know; have C.knows; have D.know; has ★（　）3. The number of students who _____ rock climbing in our school _____ increasing every year.　 A.likes; is B.like; is C.likes; are D.like; are 考点二：情态动词 can / could / may / might 📖 对应单元：Unit 1　|　考查频率：★★★★☆（高） 💡 核心规则：① 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化 ② can 表现在能力/许可；could 表过去能力/更礼貌请求 ③ may 表正式许可/较大可能；might 表更委婉请求/较小可能 ④ 否定 can't / cannot / couldn't / may not ⑤ 回答 may 问句用 can 不用 may ⚠ 经典错误：❌ She cans swim. → ✅ She can swim. ❌ I can to help. → ✅ I can help. ❌ Yesterday I can go. → ✅ Yesterday I could go. ❌ May I go? — Yes, you may. → ✅ Yes, you can. ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. Lily _____ speak three languages: Chinese, English and French.　 A.can B.cans C.is can D.can to ◇（　）2. — _____ I borrow your dictionary, Chen Wei? — Sure, here you are.　 A.Must B.Should C.Can D.Need ◇（　）3. Jam _____ ride a bike when he was only five years old.　 A.can B.could C.may D.might ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. You _____ be very careful when you cross the busy street in Wuhan.　 A.must B.can C.could D.may ▷（　）2. — Might it rain later? — Yes, it _____.　 A.might B.can C.must D.will ▷（　）3. Olivia is not in the classroom. She _____ be in the library.　 A.can B.must C.may D.need ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. — Could you please pass me the salt, Zhang Hao? — _____.　 A.Yes, I could B.Yes, I can C.No, I couldn't D.Yes, I must ★（　）2. Bella _____ dance very well, but she _____ sing well when she was young.　 A.can; could B.can; can C.could; can D.could; could ★（　）3. We _____ waste water. Everyone _____ save it.　 A.can't; must B.mustn't; must C.needn't; can D.shouldn't; can 考点三：一般将来时（will / be going to） 📖 对应单元：Unit 1　|　考查频率：★★★★☆（高） 💡 核心规则：① will + 动词原形（临时决定/预测） ② be going to + 动词原形（计划/打算/有迹象） ③ will 无人称变化：I/He/They will... ④ 否定 will not = won't / be not going to ⑤ 疑问 Will you...? / Are you going to...? ⚠ 经典错误：❌ I will to go tomorrow. → ✅ I will go tomorrow. ❌ She wills come. → ✅ She will come. ❌ It going to rain. → ✅ It is going to rain. ❌ Will he goes? → ✅ Will he go? ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. They _____ a trip to Qingdao next summer holiday.　 A.take B.takes C.will take D.took ◇（　）2. It is cloudy. I think it _____ soon.　 A.rains B.rained C.is raining D.is going to rain ◇（　）3. — Will you go to the party tonight? — No, I _____.　 A.won't B.don't C.am not D.will ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. Look at those dark clouds! It _____ in a few minutes.　 A.will rain B.is going to rain C.rains D.rained ▷（　）2. We _____ a new film about space next week. Would you like to come?　 A.are watching B.watch C.are going to watch D.watched ▷（　）3. If it _____ tomorrow, we will stay at home.　 A.rains B.will rain C.is raining D.rained ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. — What _____ you _____ this weekend, Chen Wei? — I'm going to visit my grandparents in Jinan.　 A.will; do B.are; going to do C.do; do D.did; do ★（　）2. There _____ a school meeting next Monday. All parents _____ invited.　 A.will be; will be B.is going to be; are going to be C.will be; are D.is; will be ★（　）3. I _____ sure that more and more students _____ to protect the Earth in the future.　 A.am; will try B.will be; try C.am; tries D.will be; will try 考点四：形容词与副词的比较级、最高级 📖 对应单元：Unit 5　|　考查频率：★★★★★（极高） 💡 核心规则：① 单音节 +er/+est (tall→taller→tallest) ② 以e结尾 +r/+st (nice→nicer→nicest) ③ 辅音+y 变i+er/est (happy→happier) ④ 重读闭音节双写尾字母 (big→bigger) ⑤ 多音节 more/most (beautiful→more beautiful) ⑥ 不规则 good/well→better→best；bad→worse→worst；many/much→more→most ⚠ 经典错误：❌ She is more taller than me. → ✅ She is taller than me. ❌ This is the most fastest. → ✅ This is the fastest. ❌ He runs more fast. → ✅ He runs faster. ❌ very taller → ✅ much taller ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. Kunming is _____ than Harbin in winter. Many people go there for holiday.　 A.warm B.warmer C.warmest D.more warm ◇（　）2. This is _____ book in our library. Everyone wants to read it.　 A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular ◇（　）3. The Nile is one of _____ rivers in the world.　 A.long B.longer C.the longest D.longest ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. The more you practise, _____ your English will become.　 A.good B.better C.the better D.the best ▷（　）2. Olivia is _____ than any other student in her class at painting.　 A.more talented B.most talented C.talented D.the most talented ▷（　）3. Which is _____, travelling by train or by plane?　 A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. Of all the films Chen Wei has seen, he thinks this one is _____.　 A.less exciting B.more exciting C.most exciting D.the most exciting ★（　）2. My sister is two years _____ than me, but she is much _____.　 A.old; tall B.older; taller C.old; taller D.older; tall ★（　）3. — How do you like Xiamen? — It's one of _____ cities I have ever visited.　 A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 考点五：形容词原级比较（as...as / not as...as） 📖 对应单元：Unit 6　|　考查频率：★★★☆☆（中） 💡 核心规则：① 肯定：as + 形容词原级 + as（和……一样） ② 否定：not as/so + 形容词原级 + as（不如……） ③ as...as 中间必须用原级，不能用比较级 ④ 修饰名词时名词放在第一个 as 之后 ⑤ not so...as 只能用于否定句 ⚠ 经典错误：❌ He is as taller as his father. → ✅ He is as tall as his father. ❌ This book is not as interesting than that one. → ✅ ...not as interesting as... ❌ She is so tall as me. → ✅ She is as tall as me. ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. Zhang Hao is _____ tall _____ his brother. They are both 1.7 metres.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.as; than D.so; than ◇（　）2. This river is not _____ long _____ that one. It is much shorter.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.as; than D.A and B ◇（　）3. Lily runs _____ fast _____ her best friend Bella.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.than D.the same ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. The weather in Kunming is not _____ cold _____ in Beijing in winter.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.as; than D.A and B ▷（　）2. Olivia is _____ a careful student _____ Chen Wei. They both check their work.　 A.as; as B.so; so C.as; than D.the same; as ▷（　）3. This film is not _____ interesting _____ the one we saw last week.　 A.as; so B.as; as C.so; so D.than; as ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. Zhou Kai is _____ at maths _____ Zhang Hao, but he is better at English.　 A.as; not; as B.not as good; as C.not so good; than D.as good; than ★（　）2. The Yangtze River is almost _____ long _____ the Amazon River.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.the same; as D.as; than ★（　）3. Jam does not read _____ quickly _____ his sister, so he needs more time.　 A.as; as B.so; as C.than D.A and B 考点六：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词） 📖 对应单元：Unit 4　|　考查频率：★★★★★（极高） 💡 核心规则：① 结构：have/has + 过去分词 ② 表已完成（对现在有影响）或持续（for+段/since+点） ③ 常与 already/just/ever/never/yet/recently 连用 ④ gone to 去了未回；been to 去过已回 ⑤ 瞬间动词不能与 for/since 连用（buy→have） ⚠ 经典错误：❌ I have went there. → ✅ I have gone/been there. ❌ She has finish. → ✅ She has finished. ❌ I didn't see it yet. → ✅ I haven't seen it yet. ❌ He has come for 3 years. → ✅ He has been here for 3 years. ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. Olivia _____ already _____ her homework. She is watching TV now.　 A.have; finished B.has; finished C.has; finish D.have; finish ◇（　）2. — Have you ever been to Xiamen? — Yes, I _____ there twice.　 A.have gone B.have been C.went D.go ◇（　）3. They _____ the new film yet, so they don't know the story.　 A.haven't seen B.hasn't seen C.didn't see D.don't see ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. Chen Wei _____ in this city for ten years. He knows every street well.　 A.lived B.has lived C.was living D.will live ▷（　）2. — Where is Jam? — He _____ to the library. He will be back soon.　 A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes ▷（　）3. Bella _____ many English songs since she was a child.　 A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.will learn ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. The film _____ for twenty minutes. You are late! You missed the beginning.　 A.has begun B.has been on C.began D.was ★（　）2. — How long _____ you _____ this computer? — For about three years.　 A.did; buy B.have; bought C.have; had D.do; have ★（　）3. Lily is the only one of the students who _____ the answer. The others are still thinking.　 A.knows B.know C.knew D.has known 考点七：情态动词 had better / need / dare 📖 对应单元：Unit 2　|　考查频率：★★★★☆（高） 💡 核心规则：① had better + 动词原形（最好做），否定 had better not do ② had 无人称变化（He'd better...） ③ need 作情态动词：无人称变化，多用于否定/疑问 needn't ④ need 作实义动词：needs/needed to do，用于肯定句 ⑤ dare 作情态动词：daren't do；作实义动词：dare(s) to do ⚠ 经典错误：❌ You had better to go. → ✅ You had better go. ❌ He need go now.（肯定句情态） → ✅ He needs to go. ❌ She doesn't dare say it. → ✅ She doesn't dare to say it. ❌ I needn't to go. → ✅ I needn't go. ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. You _____ drink more water when you have a fever.　 A.had better B.had better to C.have better D.had better not ◇（　）2. It is raining heavily. You'd better _____ out now.　 A.not go B.don't go C.not to go D.to not go ◇（　）3. — Need I finish the work today? — No, you _____.　 A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.don't need ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. She doesn't dare _____ in front of so many people. She is too shy.　 A.speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoke ▷（　）2. You _____ worry about the exam. You have studied very hard.　 A.needn't B.mustn't C.had not better D.don't need ▷（　）3. The teacher said we'd better _____ our homework before watching TV.　 A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. — Dare he _____ the truth? — I don't think he dares _____.　 A.to tell; to B.tell; to C.to tell; D.tell; to tell ★（　）2. He needn't _____ early tomorrow because it is Sunday. But he needs _____ his room.　 A.get up; to clean B.to get up; clean C.get up; cleaning D.to get up; to clean ★（　）3. We'd better _____ each other when we are in trouble. That's what friends do.　 A.to help B.help C.helping D.not help 考点八：不定代词与数量表达（some/any/either/neither/both/all） 📖 对应单元：Unit 6　|　考查频率：★★★★☆（高） 💡 核心规则：① some 肯定句/请求邀请句；any 否定/疑问/条件句 ② both 两者都 + 复数动词；neither 两者都不 + 单数动词 ③ either 两者任一 + 单数动词；all 三者+都 ④ none 三者+都不 + 单数/复数；each 强调个体+单数 ⑤ 请求句 Would you like some...? 用 some ⚠ 经典错误：❌ Do you have some money? → ✅ any ❌ Both of them is tall. → ✅ Both...are ❌ Neither of them are here. → ✅ Neither...is ❌ Any student are late. → ✅ Any student is ❌ I don't have some time. → ✅ any ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇（　）1. There is _____ milk in the fridge. Let's go and buy some.　 A.some B.any C.no D.not ◇（　）2. — Would you like _____ tea? — Yes, please.　 A.some B.any C.many D.few ◇（　）3. _____ of the twins is good at maths. They both get A grades.　 A.Both B.All C.Neither D.None ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷（　）1. — How many students are there in the classroom? — _____. They all went to the playground.　 A.None B.Neither C.No one D.Not ▷（　）2. There are trees on _____ sides of the road in Jinan. They are very beautiful.　 A.every B.each C.both D.all ▷（　）3. — Is _____ here? — Yes, we are all present.　 A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.no one ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★（　）1. _____ of the two boys has been to Wuhan, but _____ of them knows the city well.　 A.Neither; both B.Both; neither C.None; both D.Neither; neither ★（　）2. I have two pens. One is blue, and _____ is black. I like them very much.　 A.other B.the other C.another D.others ★（　）3. There is _____ wrong with my bike, so I have to walk to school today.　 A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 📝 参考答案与详细解析 解析序号严格按原题，每个大题内序号独立 考点一 快速对照答案 基础：B A B　|　提升：B C B　|　拓展：B B A ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【B】 主语 Olivia 是第三人称单数，usually 表经常性动作，动词用 goes。 2. 【A】 主语是 Jam and Chen Wei（复数），动词用原形 play。 3. 【B】 Lily 是第三人称单数，否定用 doesn't + 动词原形 like。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【B】 主语 Zhang Hao 是第三人称单数，一般现在时用 does（这里 does 是实义动词'做'的三单）。 2. 【C】 Does 开头的一般疑问句，动词还原用 sing；答句 he 是三单，用 does 替代。 3. 【B】 parents 复数用 live；she 三单用 lives。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 your brother 三单，用 Does 提问，动词还原为 get。 2. 【B】 neither...nor 就近原则，friends 复数用 know；none of them 用复数 have。 3. 【A】 who 修饰 students 用复数 like，但主句主语是 the number，谓语用单数 is。 考点二 快速对照答案 基础：A C B　|　提升：A A C　|　拓展：B A B ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【A】 can 表能力，后接动词原形，无人称变化。 2. 【C】 Can I... 表请求许可，最常用。 3. 【B】 when he was five 是过去时间，表过去能力用 could。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【A】 must 表'必须'，语境强调安全必要性。 2. 【A】 用 might 问就用 might 回答，表'有可能'。 3. 【C】 may 表可能性（不太确定），符合'不在教室可能在图书馆'的推测。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 Could 开头的请求，回答用 can 不用 could。 2. 【A】 前半句表现在能力用 can；后半句 when she was young 表过去用 could。 3. 【B】 mustn't 表'禁止'（不能浪费水）；must 表'必须'（必须节约）。 考点三 快速对照答案 基础：C D A　|　提升：B C A　|　拓展：B C A ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【C】 next summer holiday 表将来，用 will + 动词原形。 2. 【D】 有乌云迹象预测要下雨，用 be going to；it 后用 is。 3. 【A】 Will 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用 won't。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【B】 Look! 有迹象表明要下雨，用 be going to；it 后用 is。 2. 【C】 next week 表计划好的将来，用 be going to；we 后用 are。 3. 【A】 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 根据答句 I'm going to... 可知问句用 be going to 结构。 2. 【C】 there will be 表将来有；parents 复数用 are（这里 are 单独构成被动）。 3. 【A】 I am sure 是现在状态；that 从句表将来用 will try。 考点四 快速对照答案 基础：B D C　|　提升：C A B　|　拓展：D B D ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【B】 than 提示两者比较，warm 是单音节词，比较级直接 +er。 2. 【D】 in our library 表范围（三者以上），用最高级，且最高级前加 the。 3. 【C】 one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词，固定句型。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【C】 The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 固定句型，'越……越……'。 2. 【A】 than any other + 单数名词，用比较级；talented 多音节用 more。 3. 【B】 两者选一用比较级；interesting 多音节加 more。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【D】 of all 表范围，用最高级，且最高级前必须加 the。 2. 【B】 than 提示比较级；much 修饰比较级 taller。 3. 【D】 one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词，且 beautiful 多音节加 most。 考点五 快速对照答案 基础：A D A　|　提升：D A B　|　拓展：B A D ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【A】 肯定句两者一样高，用 as + 原级 + as。 2. 【D】 否定句既可用 not as...as 也可用 not so...as，A 和 B 都对。 3. 【A】 肯定句'跑得一样快'，用 as + 原级 + as。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【D】 否定句 as...as 和 so...as 均可；cold 是形容词原级。 2. 【A】 肯定句用 as + 形容词原级 + as，careful 是原级。 3. 【B】 not as/so + 原级 + as 均可，B 选项 as...as 正确。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 否定句'不如……擅长'，用 not as/so good at...as，good 是形容词原级。 2. 【A】 肯定句'几乎一样长'，用 as + 原级 + as。 3. 【D】 否定句 as...as 和 so...as 均可，副词 quickly 用原级。 考点六 快速对照答案 基础：B B A　|　提升：B B C　|　拓展：B C A ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【B】 Olivia 三单用 has；already 是现在完成时标志，后接过去分词 finished。 2. 【B】 been to 表'去过已回'，句末有 twice（次数），用 have been。 3. 【A】 yet 否定句标志，they 复数用 haven't + 过去分词 seen。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【B】 for ten years 表持续，用现在完成时 has lived，强调持续到现在。 2. 【B】 gone to 表'去了未回'，根据 Where is Jam 可知他不在现场。 3. 【C】 since 引导的时间状语是现在完成时标志，用 has learned。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 begin 是瞬间动词，不能与 for 段时间连用，需改为 be on 的现在完成时。 2. 【C】 buy 是瞬间动词，不能与 how long 连用，需改为 have 的现在完成时。 3. 【A】 who 修饰 the only one（单数），谓语用 knows；这里是一般现在时表状态。 考点七 快速对照答案 基础：A A A　|　提升：B A A　|　拓展：A A B ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【A】 had better + 动词原形，表'最好做某事'，无人称变化。 2. 【A】 had better not + 动词原形，表'最好不要做'。 3. 【A】 Need 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用 needn't。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【B】 doesn't dare 说明 dare 是实义动词，后接 to do。 2. 【A】 needn't 表'不必'，符合'你学习很努力不必担心'的语境。 3. 【A】 had better + 动词原形，即使是间接引语 had 形式不变。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【A】 Dare 开头疑问句，dare 作情态动词接动词原形 tell；答句 dares 是实义动词，后接 to。 2. 【A】 needn't 情态动词接原形 get up；needs 实义动词接 to clean。 3. 【B】 had better + 动词原形 help，表'最好互相帮助'。 考点八 快速对照答案 基础：C A A　|　提升：A C C　|　拓展：B B B ◇ 基础题解析 1. 【C】 根据'去买一些'可知冰箱里没有牛奶了，用 no（=not any）。 2. 【A】 Would you like... 是请求/邀请句，用 some 不用 any。 3. 【A】 twins 是两个人，both 表'两者都'，谓语用复数 are。 ▷ 提升题解析 1. 【A】 How many 问数量，none 表'一个也没有'（可数），对应 all went out。 2. 【C】 sides 复数 + 道路有两个边，用 both；every/each 接单数名词。 3. 【C】 Is everyone here? 是常见问句'大家都到了吗？'，强调所有人。 ★ 拓展题解析 1. 【B】 第一空'两个都去过'用 both；第二空'但两个都不了解'用 neither + 单数 knows。 2. 【B】 两者中'一个……另一个……'用 one...the other。 3. 【B】 肯定句'有毛病'用 something wrong，something 用于肯定句。 — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $