07-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考四大阅读题型，通过社会/环境/科技话题文章系统训练主旨归纳、细节定位、推理判断及词义猜测能力，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15题（4篇）|分题型解题：主旨题抓核心事件，细节题精准定位原文，推理题基于文本逻辑，词义题结合上下文语境|以文化遗产保护、咖啡危机等话题为载体，构建“话题情境-题型方法-能力提升”逻辑链，典例覆盖高考高频考点与易错点|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The National Cultural Heritage Administration announced on Friday that a new batch of 1,458 cultural relics and artifacts has been recovered from overseas through joint efforts of multiple government departments, marking the largest single repatriation of lost cultural treasures in China's history. The repatriated items span a wide range of categories, including pottery, jade, bronze, and porcelain artifacts, with the oldest dating back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC). Many of the items were identified as having been illegally excavated and smuggled out of China over the past several decades. The recovery operation involved coordination between the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and customs authorities, working in collaboration with law enforcement agencies from several countries where the artifacts had been located. "The success of this repatriation demonstrates China's firm resolve to protect its cultural heritage and combat the illicit trafficking of cultural property," said a spokesperson for the administration. "We will continue to strengthen international cooperation in this field and pursue the return of all Chinese cultural relics that have been illegally taken abroad." The administration also revealed that a digital database of cultural relics has been established to assist in future identification and recovery efforts. The database contains detailed records of more than 500,000 artifacts that are still overseas, including high-resolution images and historical documentation. This digital platform has already proven valuable in cross-referencing items that appear in auction houses and international museums. In addition to repatriation, China has stepped up domestic enforcement against illegal excavation and smuggling. Since 2020, more than 2,000 criminal cases related to cultural relic trafficking have been investigated, and over 5,000 artifacts have been intercepted before they could leave the country. The public has also been encouraged to report suspicious activities, with the administration noting a significant increase in tips from citizens. Cultural heritage experts have praised the operation as a landmark achievement, noting that the return of these artifacts not only restores the integrity of China's cultural history but also serves as a warning to traffickers worldwide. "Each repatriated artifact tells a story of loss and recovery," said Dr. Liu Wei, a professor of archaeology at Peking University. "Their return is a triumph of justice and international cooperation." 1.What is the main subject of the passage? A. The establishment of a digital database for Chinese cultural relics. B. The largest single repatriation of Chinese cultural relics from overseas. C. The illegal excavation and smuggling of Chinese artifacts. D. The history of Chinese pottery and bronze artifacts. 2.According to the passage, what tool has been developed to assist in future artifact recovery? A. A special task force for tracking smuggled artifacts. B. A digital database with records of over 500,000 overseas artifacts. C. A network of informants in auction houses worldwide. D. A new law enforcement agency for cultural relic protection. 3.What can be inferred about China's efforts to protect cultural heritage? A. China has recovered all cultural relics that were illegally taken abroad. B. Domestic enforcement and public involvement have been strengthened. C. China has stopped cooperating with other countries on artifact recovery. D. Digital databases have made physical repatriation unnecessary. B For millions of people, the morning ritual of a cup of coffee is sacred. But the beverage many of us rely on to kickstart our day has a dark side that has been largely hidden from consumers. Recent investigations have revealed that the global coffee industry is facing a crisis: the collapse of coffee production in some of the world's most important growing regions due to climate change, disease, and economic pressures. The threat is particularly acute in Central and South America, where rising temperatures have created ideal conditions for a devastating fungal disease called coffee leaf rust. This pathogen has destroyed crops in Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica, with some farmers reporting losses of over 70 percent. Meanwhile, in Ethiopia, rising temperatures have pushed optimal growing conditions to higher altitudes, reducing the area available for cultivation by nearly 40 percent over the past five decades. The Arabica bean, which accounts for roughly 60 percent of global coffee production, is especially vulnerable to these environmental shifts. Scientists warn that by 2050, up to 50 percent of current coffee-growing regions may no longer be suitable for cultivation. The economic impact is devastating for the estimated 25 million farmers who depend on coffee for their livelihoods. In Nicaragua, many growers have abandoned their farms to seek work in cities or to migrate northward. In Colombia, farmers are struggling to keep up with production costs as yields decline and prices for chemical inputs rise. The situation has been exacerbated by the volatility of global coffee prices, which have fluctuated wildly in recent years, leaving farmers with little financial stability. Some large coffee companies have begun to respond with sustainability initiatives. Starbucks has committed to investing in research for more disease-resistant coffee varieties, while Nestlé has pledged to source 100 percent of its coffee sustainably by 2030. However, critics argue that these efforts are insufficient and often serve as public relations exercises. "The industry has known about these problems for decades, but the response has been slow and piecemeal," said Dr. Elena Rodriguez, a researcher at the University of London. For the coffee drinker, the crisis may soon become personal. Experts predict that the supply shortages will lead to higher prices and potentially reduce the variety of coffee available. Some specialty coffee varieties may disappear entirely. "We are facing a future where coffee becomes a luxury for many people," said Rodriguez. "That's not just an economic issue—it's a cultural loss." 4.According to the passage, what is causing coffee production to decline in Central and South America? A. The increasing demand for coffee in developed countries. B. Rising temperatures and a fungal disease called coffee leaf rust. C. The lack of investment in modern farming equipment. D. The shortage of labor in coffee-growing regions. 5.According to paragraph 3, what has been the economic impact of the coffee crisis? A. Farmers have seen stable and predictable coffee prices. B. Many farmers have been forced to abandon their farms. C. Coffee production has become more profitable than ever. D. Farmers have received generous government subsidies. 6.The underlined word "piecemeal" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. well-planned and comprehensive B. done in a gradual and uncoordinated way C. highly effective and immediate D. systematic and well-funded 7.Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's overall attitude toward the coffee industry's response to the crisis? A. The industry has responded effectively to all challenges. B. The industry's efforts are insufficient and often serve as public relations exercises. C. The industry has been completely indifferent to the crisis. D. The industry has solved the crisis through technological innovation. C A team of researchers at Stanford University has developed a new type of battery that could significantly reduce the environmental impact of electric vehicles. The new design, which uses sodium rather than lithium as the primary charge carrier, addresses several of the key limitations of current lithium-ion batteries while offering a more sustainable alternative. The sodium-based battery operates using a novel electrode architecture that enables stable cycling over hundreds of charge and discharge cycles. Unlike lithium, sodium is abundant and inexpensive—it is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and can be extracted from seawater at relatively low cost. This stands in stark contrast to lithium, which is geographically concentrated and requires energy-intensive extraction processes that often harm local ecosystems. Current lithium production in South America's salt flats consumes vast amounts of freshwater and produces toxic waste, raising serious environmental concerns. In laboratory tests, the new sodium battery demonstrated energy density comparable to that of commercial lithium-ion batteries, while maintaining 85 percent capacity after 500 charge cycles. This performance is sufficient for many electric vehicle applications, particularly in urban commuting and delivery vehicles where range requirements are moderate. The team is now working to further improve the cycle life and energy density to make the technology competitive with the most advanced lithium batteries. The manufacturing process for the sodium battery is also more environmentally friendly. The production of sodium electrodes requires lower temperatures than lithium electrodes, resulting in significantly less energy consumption during manufacturing. Additionally, the new design eliminates the need for cobalt, a toxic and conflict-ridden material that is currently a critical component of most high-performance lithium batteries. Cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been linked to severe environmental damage and human rights abuses. Dr. Robert Chen, who leads the research team, emphasized the practical implications of their work: "We are not just replacing one metal with another. We have rethought the entire battery architecture to create something that is both high-performing and sustainable. Sodium is abundant, the manufacturing process is cleaner, and we have eliminated the most problematic materials." The technology is now being tested in partnership with several major automakers, with commercial deployment expected within three to five years. The development comes at a time when demand for electric vehicles is soaring, and concerns about the environmental impact of battery production are mounting. The Stanford team's innovation offers a promising pathway toward a more sustainable future for electric transportation, potentially enabling the widespread adoption of electric vehicles without the environmental costs associated with current battery technologies. 8.What is the main advantage of the new sodium-based battery over lithium-ion batteries? A. It has higher energy density than any lithium battery. B. It uses more abundant and sustainable materials. C. It does not require any charging. D. It is cheaper to manufacture but less durable. 9.According to paragraph 2, what is a significant environmental concern with lithium extraction? A. It requires too much electricity. B. It consumes large amounts of freshwater and produces toxic waste. C. It is only possible in Arctic regions. D. It produces greenhouse gases. 10.The underlined word "abundant" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. rare and difficult to find B. plentiful and readily available C. expensive and valuable D. artificial and man-made 11.What does Dr. Chen's statement in paragraph 5 suggest about the new battery technology? A. It is based on a complete redesign of the battery architecture. B. It is merely a minor improvement on existing lithium batteries. C. It will take decades to reach commercial production. D. It is not yet proven to be more sustainable than lithium batteries. D In the frigid waters of the Arctic Ocean, a dramatic transformation is underway. The sea ice that has covered these waters for millennia is disappearing at an alarming rate, and scientists are now documenting the cascade of consequences that this loss is triggering throughout the entire Arctic ecosystem. The decline in sea ice is not merely a symptom of climate change—it is accelerating the warming process and reshaping the region in ways that are only now being fully understood. The loss of sea ice creates a positive feedback loop that amplifies warming. The bright white surface of ice reflects much of the sun's radiation back into space, a process known as the albedo effect. As ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water, which absorbs more sunlight and leads to further warming. The phenomenon is particularly pronounced in the Arctic, where temperatures are rising more than twice as fast as the global average. In September 2025, the Arctic sea ice extent reached its second-lowest level on record, falling to just 3.8 million square kilometers, down from an average of over 7 million square kilometers in the 1980s. The consequences for wildlife are already visible. Polar bears, which depend on sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, are losing their habitat. Scientists have documented declining body conditions among polar bear populations, as well as reduced reproductive rates and increased cannibalism. Walruses are also being forced into smaller and more crowded haul-out areas, leading to stampedes that kill hundreds of animals. Meanwhile, the loss of ice is opening new shipping routes and expanding access to previously unreachable areas for commercial fishing and resource extraction, raising concerns about further human pressure on the fragile ecosystem. The changes in the Arctic are also affecting global weather patterns. Research suggests that the rapid warming of the Arctic is weakening the jet stream, causing it to become more wavy and slower. This, in turn, leads to more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes, contributing to events such as the prolonged heatwaves in Europe and the devastating winter storms in the northeastern United States. Some climate scientists have begun to argue that the Arctic changes may represent the "canary in the coal mine" for the rest of the planet. The fate of the Arctic is not yet sealed. The Paris Agreement and other international commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could slow the warming trend, but the transformation already underway is likely irreversible in the near term. Some scientists argue that the current trajectory points to ice-free summers in the Arctic within the next two decades, a scenario that would fundamentally alter the climate system of the entire Northern Hemisphere. As one researcher put it, "What happens in the Arctic does not stay in the Arctic. We are all connected." 12.What is the "albedo effect" as described in the passage? A. The process by which ice absorbs sunlight and melts. B. The reflection of sunlight by ice that helps keep the planet cool. C. The release of greenhouse gases from melting permafrost. D. The increase in ocean temperature caused by warming currents. 13.According to the passage, how has the loss of sea ice affected polar bears? A. They have adapted to hunting on land. B. Their populations have increased due to warmer temperatures. C. They are experiencing reduced reproductive rates and body conditions. D. They have moved to the Antarctic region. 14.The underlined phrase "canary in the coal mine" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. an early warning sign of a larger problem B. a minor issue that can be easily solved C. a beautiful bird species found in the Arctic D. a coal mining technique used in the Arctic 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Beautiful Wildlife of the Arctic B. The Melting Arctic: Impacts and Consequences C. How to Stop Climate Change in the Arctic D. The History of Arctic Exploration 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国通过多部门联合行动，从海外追回1458件文物，这是中国历史上最大规模的单次文物回归，同时建立了数字数据库并加强了国内执法力度。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕中国从海外追回1458件文物的单次最大规模回归展开。A项"建立数字数据库"只是部分内容；C项"非法挖掘和走私"是背景而非主题；D项"陶瓷和青铜器历史"过于狭窄。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，开发了什么工具来协助未来的文物追回？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，"the administration also revealed that a digital database of cultural relics has been established to assist in future identification and recovery efforts. The database contains detailed records of more than 500,000 artifacts"直接说明开发了包含50多万件海外文物的数字数据库。A项"特别工作组"、C项"线人网络"、D项"新执法机构"均未提及。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 关于中国保护文化遗产的努力，可以推断出什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第五段，中国加强了国内执法并鼓励公众举报，说明国内执法和公众参与都得到了加强。A项"已追回所有文物"与"500,000 artifacts that are still overseas"矛盾；C项"停止国际合作"与"strengthen international cooperation"相反；D项"数字数据库使物理追回不再必要"与文章主题相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，揭示了全球咖啡产业面临的危机——由于气候变化、疾病和经济压力，咖啡产量在中南美洲和埃塞俄比亚等主要种植区急剧下降，对2500万咖啡农和全球咖啡消费者都将产生深远影响。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，什么导致中南美洲咖啡产量下降？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，"rising temperatures have created ideal conditions for a devastating fungal disease called coffee leaf rust. This pathogen has destroyed crops in Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica"直接说明气温上升和咖啡叶锈病是原因。A项"需求增加"、C项"缺乏现代设备"、D项"劳动力短缺"均未提及。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，咖啡危机的经济影响是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，"In Nicaragua, many growers have abandoned their farms to seek work in cities or to migrate northward"直接说明许多农民被迫放弃农场。A项"价格稳定"与"volatility"相反；C项"更盈利"与"devastating"相反；D项"政府补贴"未提及。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词"piecemeal"的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。"piecemeal"意为"零碎的、不系统的"。文中"slow and piecemeal"指行业对危机的回应缓慢且零散。A项"周密全面的"、C项"高效即时的"、D项"系统且资金充足的"均与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 以下哪项最能概括作者对咖啡行业应对危机的整体态度？ 解析： 本题考查观点态度。根据第四段，"critics argue that these efforts are insufficient and often serve as public relations exercises"直接说明作者的批评态度——行业努力不够且往往是公关行为。A项"有效回应"、C项"完全漠不关心"、D项"通过技术创新解决"均与文意不符。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学研发的钠基电池技术，该技术使用更丰富、更可持续的钠替代锂，制造过程更环保，有望在未来三到五年内商业化。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 新型钠基电池相对于锂离子电池的主要优势是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，"uses sodium rather than lithium as the primary charge carrier... addresses several of the key limitations of current lithium-ion batteries while offering a more sustainable alternative"以及第二段"sodium is abundant and inexpensive"说明主要优势是使用更丰富、更可持续的材料。A项"能量密度更高"与"comparable"不符；C项"无需充电"未提及；D项"更便宜但不耐用"与"maintaining 85 percent capacity"矛盾。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，锂提取的一个显著环境问题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，"Current lithium production in South America's salt flats consumes vast amounts of freshwater and produces toxic waste, raising serious environmental concerns"直接说明锂提取消耗大量淡水并产生有毒废物。A项"耗电过多"、C项"仅限北极"、D项"产生温室气体"均未提及。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词"abundant"的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。"abundant"意为"丰富的、充裕的"。文中"sodium is abundant and inexpensive"说明钠储量丰富且便宜。A项"稀有难找"与文意相反；C项"昂贵且有价值的"与"inexpensive"矛盾；D项"人造的"与"extracted from seawater"不符。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：A 题干句意： 陈博士在第五段中的表述暗示了关于新电池技术的什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第五段，"We are not just replacing one metal with another. We have rethought the entire battery architecture"说明该技术是基于对电池架构的完全重新设计。B项"仅小幅改进"与"rethought the entire"相反；C项"需数十年"与"within three to five years"矛盾；D项"未证明更可持续"与全文证据相反。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北极海冰的快速消失及其引发的连锁反应——正反馈加速变暖、野生动物栖息地丧失、全球天气模式改变，以及这一变化对全球气候系统的深远影响。 12. 答案：B 题干句意： 文章中描述的"反照率效应"是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，"The bright white surface of ice reflects much of the sun's radiation back into space, a process known as the albedo effect"直接说明反照率效应是冰将太阳辐射反射回太空的过程。A项"冰吸收阳光"与"reflects"相反；C项"永久冻土释放温室气体"未提及；D项"暖流升温"未提及。故正确答案为B。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，海冰消失如何影响北极熊？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，"Scientists have documented declining body conditions among polar bear populations, as well as reduced reproductive rates and increased cannibalism"直接说明北极熊身体状况下降、繁殖率降低。A项"适应陆地捕猎"未提及；B项"数量增加"与"declining"相反；D项"迁移至南极"未提及。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线短语"canary in the coal mine"的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。"canary in the coal mine"意为"煤矿中的金丝雀"，比喻早期预警信号。文中指北极的变化可能是全球气候问题的早期预警。B项"易解决的小问题"、C项"北极的美丽鸟类"、D项"北极煤矿技术"均不符合。故正确答案为A。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕北极海冰融化及其多方面影响展开。A项"北极美丽野生动物"偏离主题；C项"如何阻止北极气候变化"过于宽泛；D项"北极探险史"未提及。故正确答案为B。 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： "The repatriation operation involved coordination between the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and customs authorities, working in collaboration with law enforcement agencies from several countries where the artifacts had been located, making it the most complex international recovery effort ever undertaken by China in the field of cultural heritage." 翻译： 这次追回行动涉及公安部、文化和旅游部以及海关总署之间的协调，并与文物所在国的执法机构合作，使其成为中国在文化遗产领域开展的史上最复杂的国际追回行动。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含现在分词短语作状语、定语从句和并列结构。 主句：The repatriation operation（主语）involved（谓语）coordination（宾语）between the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and customs authorities（介词短语作定语） 现在分词短语作状语：, working in collaboration with law enforcement agencies from several countries（伴随状语） 定语从句：where the artifacts had been located（修饰countries） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, making it the most complex international recovery effort ever undertaken by China in the field of cultural heritage（making的逻辑主语为前面整句内容） 2. 原句： "The development comes at a time when demand for electric vehicles is soaring, and concerns about the environmental impact of battery production are mounting, but the Stanford team's innovation offers a promising pathway toward a more sustainable future for electric transportation, potentially enabling the widespread adoption of electric vehicles without the environmental costs associated with current battery technologies." 翻译： 这一研发恰逢电动汽车需求飙升、对电池生产环境影响的担忧日益加剧之时，但斯坦福团队的创新为电动交通迈向更可持续的未来提供了一条有前景的路径，可能使电动汽车的广泛普及无需承担当前电池技术带来的环境成本。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含定语从句、时间状语从句和现在分词短语作结果状语。 主句1：The development（主语）comes（谓语）at a time（时间状语） 定语从句：when demand for electric vehicles is soaring, and concerns about the environmental impact of battery production are mounting（when引导定语从句修饰time，包含两个并列分句） 并列连词：but 主句2：the Stanford team's innovation（主语）offers（谓语）a promising pathway（宾语）toward a more sustainable future for electric transportation（介词短语作定语） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, potentially enabling the widespread adoption of electric vehicles without the environmental costs associated with current battery technologies（enabling的逻辑主语为前面主句2内容） 过去分词短语作定语：associated with current battery technologies（修饰costs） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $