02-外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 基于外刊真实语料，构建"题型-策略-语篇"三维训练体系，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，实现阅读方法与文化意识的协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇选择题（15题）|主旨题"首尾定位法"、细节题"关键词复现法"、词义题"上下文语境分析法"、推理题"逻辑链推导法"|按"事实信息→语义理解→推理判断→主旨归纳"梯度进阶，形成完整解题思维链| |七选五|1篇（5题）|衔接词定位法、段落主题句匹配法、上下文逻辑连贯法|以"句间逻辑→段内衔接→语篇结构"为线索，构建语篇宏观认知能力| |长难句分析|2个典型例句|复合句"分层拆解法"（主句→从句→修饰成分）|通过句法结构分析深化语言能力，支撑复杂文本理解|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——China Daily, May 22, 2026（改编） China has seen a steady rebound of rare wild species, as more than 200 endangered wildlife populations enter a restorative growth phase and over 100 threatened plant species receive emergency protection, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. In a media release on Friday, coinciding with the 25th International Day for Biological Diversity, the administration listed a series of rare and endangered species that show "a positive trend of recovery and growth." In 2025, three newborn Hainan gibbons were recorded, bringing the total population of the species to 44 individuals across seven groups. "It has become the only gibbon population in the world to mark continuous growth," the release underscored. In the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, a camera trap captured the first-ever footage of a wild Amur tigress nurturing five cubs last year, setting a new national record for the species' reproduction. Two reintroduced snow leopards in the Helan Mountains have been observed successfully mating, giving birth, and raising their cubs in the wild. The administration also highlighted the country's efforts in plant conservation. Abies beshanzuensis, a species of fir, has increased from just three plants when it was discovered in 1963 to more than 4,000 plants. The number of Paphiopedilum spicerianum, a flowering plant species, has climbed from about 10 plants when it was discovered in 2003 to over 200 plants. The country has conducted dedicated anti-poaching campaigns targeting illegal bird hunting for six consecutive years, taking strict enforcement action against activities that harm bird resources. Thanks to these efforts, the overall population of bird species under national protection remains stable or is on the rise. The population of the Baer's pochard, for example, has reached 2,555 individuals, compared to about 1,000 in 2012. The blue-crowned Laughingthrush has increased from about 200 individuals in 2006 to around 660. 1.What is the main topic of the passage? A. China's economic development in rural areas. B. The recovery and growth of rare wild species in China. C. The challenges facing China's wildlife protection policies. D. The International Day for Biological Diversity celebrations. 2.According to the passage, what is special about the Hainan gibbon population? A. It is the largest gibbon population in the world. B. It is the only gibbon population in the world to show continuous growth. C. It has increased from 44 to over 100 individuals in 2025. D. It was discovered for the first time in 2025. 3.How has China protected bird species according to the passage? A. By establishing new national parks only. B. By conducting anti-poaching campaigns for six consecutive years. C. By banning all hunting activities nationwide. D. By importing birds from other countries. B ——Inhabitat, January 10, 2025（改编） In a lab at the University of Tokyo, a robot is performing a task that would be impossible for most human workers: it is sorting through thousands of plastic bottles, separating those that are recyclable from those that are not, at a speed of 50 bottles per minute. The robot, named WasteNet, uses artificial intelligence and computer vision to identify different types of plastics with 95 percent accuracy. The innovation comes at a critical time. Despite decades of recycling programs, only about 9 percent of the world's plastic waste is actually recycled. One major obstacle is the difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently. Manual sorting is slow, expensive, and prone to errors, while traditional mechanical sorting systems often fail to distinguish between different types of plastics that look identical to the naked eye. WasteNet solves this problem by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Each type of plastic reflects light differently at specific wavelengths, and the robot's sensors can detect these differences instantly. Once identified, the robot uses a robotic arm to direct each bottle into the appropriate recycling stream. "The goal is to make plastic recycling economically viable," said Professor Shinji Yamamoto, the project's lead researcher. "If we can sort plastics with high accuracy and low cost, we can create a market for recycled plastics that actually competes with virgin plastics." The researchers are now working on scaling up the technology and reducing its cost. They are also developing similar systems for other types of waste, including electronics and textiles. Early results have attracted interest from waste management companies and government agencies in Japan, Europe, and North America. 4.What is the main challenge that WasteNet addresses? A. The lack of plastic waste to recycle. B. The difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently and accurately. C. The high cost of producing new plastics. D. The shortage of human workers in recycling plants. 5.How does WasteNet distinguish between different types of plastics? A. By using a robotic arm to test the strength of each bottle. B. By using near-infrared spectroscopy to detect light reflection differences. C. By employing human workers to check each bottle. D. By reading the labels printed on each bottle. 6.The underlined word "viable" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. profitable B. impractical C. dangerous D. simple 7.What can be inferred about the future of WasteNet technology? A. It has already been widely adopted by all recycling plants. B. It may be applied to other types of waste beyond plastics. C. It will replace all human workers in recycling. D. It has failed to attract any commercial interest. C ——NPR, February 5, 2026（改编） Can't solve a puzzle? Sleep on it, a new study suggests. Scientists at Northwestern University have found that sleeping on a difficult problem may actually help people find the solution. The researchers worked with 20 lucid dreamers—people who are sometimes aware that they are dreaming. They asked them to solve brain teaser puzzles or riddles. For example, participants were given a set of letters like GESG and asked to find a meaningful way to interpret them. The scientists only gave the volunteers three minutes to solve puzzles, which usually wasn't enough time. They also played a unique soundtrack while people were solving each puzzle. The idea was to help participants' brains link the puzzle to a sound or a song. Then the participants were told to go to sleep. The scientists monitored the sleepers, and once they entered REM sleep, the researchers would play that unique soundtrack cue. They wanted to encourage dreaming about that specific puzzle that they hadn't been able to solve when they were awake. After the volunteers woke up, they were more than twice as likely to solve puzzles they dreamed about compared to puzzles they didn't remember dreaming about. The results are published in the journal Neuroscience of Consciousness. "We learn during the day very effectively, but to really make it stick, we need something additional, and some of that's happening during sleep," said Ken Paller, a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University who led the study. According to Robert Stickgold, another dream researcher who didn't work on this study, dreams aren't just entertainment. They're a catalyst for processing information and inducing creativity. The findings suggest that sleep plays a crucial role in problem-solving, and that the ability to dream about a problem can significantly boost the chances of solving it. 8.What was the main finding of the study? A. People solve puzzles faster when they are awake. B. Dreaming about a problem helps people solve it later. C. Listening to music improves problem-solving skills. D. REM sleep is the only phase where dreaming occurs. 9.Why did the researchers play a unique soundtrack during puzzle-solving? A. To help participants remember the puzzle while sleeping. B. To test participants' memory of songs. C. To make the puzzles more difficult. D. To distract participants from the puzzles. 10.The underlined word "catalyst" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. a barrier that prevents progress B. a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction C. something that helps an event or process happen faster D. a problem that needs to be solved 11.What can be inferred from the passage about the implications of the study? A. It proves that all problems can be solved through dreaming. B. It suggests that sleep can be a tool for enhancing creativity and problem-solving. C. It shows that music is the key to solving all puzzles. D. It indicates that dreaming is a waste of time. D ——AGU Advances, March 25, 2025（改编） In 2000, atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen and biologist Eugene Stoermer proposed that the Holocene epoch had ended and the "Anthropocene," or human epoch, had begun. But despite the extent of human-induced changes, last year the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) decided against giving the Anthropocene official recognition as the current geologic epoch. Now, several scientists involved in the process have published a commentary in AGU Advances explaining why they think the Anthropocene deserves another chance at epoch status. Francine McCarthy and colleagues argue against two related criticisms of the proposal: First, the proposed Anthropocene began only 72 years ago, whereas epochs typically span millions of years, and second, the future is not a part of geologic time, so it would be inappropriate to designate an epoch based on the expectation that humans will be making their mark on Earth far into the future. The length of the Anthropocene is beside the point, the authors argue, because functionally, Earth has already entered an unprecedented time. Energy consumption since the mid-20th century is sixfold what it was in the 11,700 years that came before. As a result, global temperatures are rising sharply, with wide-ranging implications for everything from ocean levels to biodiversity to ice sheets. These changes will be long-lived, and some are irreversible. In fact, the onset and magnitude of such dramatic alterations over such a short timescale underscore the point that Earth has entered a new epoch, the authors say. Some stratigraphers have argued that designating a human-centric epoch politicizes geology, but the authors argue that ignoring data to preserve the status quo is just as political. Likewise, the authors take umbrage with reports that the matter cannot be revisited for a decade and thus the question of whether we live in the Anthropocene is settled until then. "It is not," they wrote. 12.What is the main subject of the debate discussed in the passage? A. Whether the Anthropocene should be formally recognized as a new epoch. B. Whether the "Great Acceleration" actually occurred in 1950. C. Whether human activity has changed the Earth system. D. Whether climate change is caused by human activity. 13.According to the passage, what evidence supports the start of the Anthropocene? A. The discovery of new animal species. B. A sixfold increase in energy consumption since the mid-20th century. C. The increase in global temperatures over the past decade. D. The accumulation of plastics in the oceans. 14.What do the authors of the commentary argue about the politicization of geology? A. Designating the Anthropocene would politicize geology too much. B. Ignoring data to preserve the status quo is also a political act. C. Geology should never involve political considerations. D. The Anthropocene debate should only be conducted by scientists. 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Anthropocene: A Debate About When Humans Became a Geological Force B. How the Earth's Climate Has Changed Over Time C. The History of Geologic Time Periods D. Why Scientists Disagree About Climate Change 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——NPR, March 6, 2026（改编） Teens aren't getting enough sleep. A two-decade study suggests it's getting worse. Scientists found that the number of high schoolers getting insufficient sleep—less than seven hours a night—has increased from 69% to 77%. (16) ______ The researchers studied the sleep habits of high school students from 2007 to 2023. The findings were published in the medical journal JAMA. (17) ______ Bad sleep habits were true across most demographics, including race, gender, and grade level. Some teens are getting less than five hours of sleep a night. (18) ______ Pediatricians have seen the effects of insufficient sleep firsthand in their practice. (19) ______ The researchers suggest broad interventions that could potentially reach most kids. They point out that later school start times are linked to longer sleep and improved mental health. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. The researchers tried to get at why this is happening. B. Teens who reported depression or suicidal thoughts tended to sleep less. C. Later school start times might help students across the board get better sleep. D. This is happening across all demographic groups. E. Children are naturally poor sleepers at all ages. F. If teens don't get enough sleep, they are more depressed and do worse at school. G. Sleep is not important for teenagers' health. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国稀有野生物种数量的稳步回升——超过200种濒危野生动物种群进入恢复性增长阶段，包括海南长臂猿、东北虎、雪豹等物种数量显著增加，鸟类种群也保持稳定或上升趋势。 第1题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕中国稀有野生物种的恢复和增长展开。A项“中国农村经济发展”未提及；C项“野生动物保护政策面临的挑战”与“steady rebound”相反；D项“国际生物多样性日庆祝活动”只是背景信息。故正确答案为B。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，海南长臂猿种群有什么特别之处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“It has become the only gibbon population in the world to mark continuous growth”直接说明海南长臂猿是全球唯一实现持续增长的长臂猿种群。A项“全球最大”未提及；C项“从44只增加到100多只”与原文“44 individuals”矛盾；D项“2025年首次被发现”与事实不符。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，中国如何保护鸟类物种？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“The country has conducted dedicated anti-poaching campaigns targeting illegal bird hunting for six consecutive years”直接说明开展连续六年的反盗猎行动。A项“仅通过建立国家公园”过于狭窄；C项“全面禁止所有狩猎”过于绝对；D项“从其他国家进口鸟类”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了东京大学研发的WasteNet机器人，它利用近红外光谱技术以每分钟50个的速度分拣塑料瓶，准确率达95%，有望使塑料回收在经济上变得可行。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： WasteNet解决的主要挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“One major obstacle is the difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently. Manual sorting is slow, expensive, and prone to errors”直接说明主要挑战是高效准确地分拣塑料。A项“缺乏塑料垃圾”与“only about 9 percent... actually recycled”不符；C项“新塑料生产成本高”未提及；D项“回收厂人力短缺”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： WasteNet如何区分不同类型的塑料？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“WasteNet solves this problem by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Each type of plastic reflects light differently at specific wavelengths, and the robot's sensors can detect these differences instantly”直接说明使用近红外光谱检测光的反射差异。A项“测试强度”、C项“使用人工检查”、D项“读取标签”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“viable”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“viable”意为“可行的、有利可图的”。文中“make plastic recycling economically viable”指使塑料回收在经济上可行，后文“create a market... that actually competes with virgin plastics”进一步说明。B项“不切实际的”、C项“危险的”、D项“简单的”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于WasteNet技术的未来，可以推断出什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据最后一段，“They are also developing similar systems for other types of waste, including electronics and textiles”说明该技术可能扩展到塑料以外的废物类型。A项“已被广泛采用”与“working on scaling up”矛盾；C项“替代所有人类工人”过于绝对；D项“未吸引商业兴趣”与“attracted interest from... companies”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了西北大学的一项研究——带着未解决的难题入睡，在REM睡眠期间被唤醒相关记忆，醒来后解出难题的几率翻倍，表明睡眠在问题解决和创造力中起着关键作用。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： 这项研究的主要发现是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第六段，“After the volunteers woke up, they were more than twice as likely to solve puzzles they dreamed about compared to puzzles they didn't remember dreaming about”直接说明梦到问题的参与者更有可能解决问题。A项“清醒时解得更快”与“three minutes... wasn't enough”矛盾；C项“听音乐提高解题能力”是手段而非发现；D项“REM睡眠是做梦的唯一阶段”过于绝对。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：A 题干句意： 研究人员为什么在解题时播放独特的配乐？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“The idea was to help participants' brains link the puzzle to a sound or a song”和第五段，“They wanted to encourage dreaming about that specific puzzle”说明配乐的目的是帮助参与者在睡眠中回想特定谜题。B项“测试歌曲记忆”、C项“增加难度”、D项“分散注意力”均未提及。故正确答案为A。 第10题 答案：C 题干句意： 最后一段中画线单词“catalyst”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“catalyst”意为“催化剂”，引申为“促进事物发展或加速过程的因素”。文中“dreams aren't just entertainment. They're a catalyst for processing information and inducing creativity”说明梦是促进信息处理和创造力的因素。A项“阻碍进步的障碍”与文意相反；B项“加速化学反应的物质”是字面含义；D项“需要解决的问题”与文意不符。故正确答案为C。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于这项研究的启示，可以推断出什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。研究结果表明睡眠在问题解决和创造力中起着关键作用，最后一段“dreams... are a catalyst for processing information and inducing creativity”直接支持B项。A项“所有问题都能通过做梦解决”过于绝对；C项“音乐是关键”与“soundtrack”只是辅助手段不符；D项“做梦是浪费时间”与研究发现相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了关于“人类世”是否应被正式认定为地质纪元的科学辩论，支持者认为人类活动已使地球进入前所未有的时代，反对者则质疑其时间跨度过短。 第12题 答案：A 题干句意： 文中讨论的辩论的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕人类世是否应被正式认定为新地质纪元展开。B项“大加速是否发生”只是背景；C项“人类活动是否改变了地球系统”已无争议；D项“气候变化是否由人类引起”未提及。故正确答案为A。 第13题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，什么证据支持人类世的开始？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Energy consumption since the mid-20th century is sixfold what it was in the 11,700 years that came before”直接说明能源消耗六倍增长是支持人类世开始的证据之一。A项“新物种发现”未提及；C项“全球气温上升”是结果而非起始标志；D项“海洋塑料积累”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第14题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于地质学的政治化，评论的作者们持什么观点？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“the authors argue that ignoring data to preserve the status quo is just as political”直接说明无视数据以维持现状也是一种政治行为。A项“会过度政治化”是反对者的观点；C项“永远不应涉及政治”与“just as political”矛盾；D项“仅科学家参与”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第15题 答案：A 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍了关于人类世是否应被正式认定的科学辩论。B项“地球气候如何随时间变化”过于宽泛；C项“地质时间史”偏离主题；D项“科学家为何在气候变化上存在分歧”与主题不符。故正确答案为A。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青少年睡眠不足日益严重的问题——从2007年到2023年，高中生睡眠不足（少于7小时）的比例从69%增加到77%，并讨论了其影响和可能的干预措施。 第16题 答案：D 题干句意： 科学家发现，睡眠不足的高中生比例从69%增加到77%。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句给出统计数据，D项“这正在发生在所有人口统计群体中”概括了该段后文“across most demographics”的内容，作为段落主题句最合适。B项“报告抑郁或自杀念头的青少年睡眠更少”更适合第17空或第18空。故正确答案为D。 第17题 答案：A 题干句意： 研究人员研究了2007年至2023年高中生的睡眠习惯。研究结果发表在医学期刊《JAMA》上。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句介绍研究，后文具体说明发现，A项“研究人员试图弄清楚为什么会发生这种情况”是该段的过渡句，引出后文对原因的探讨。故正确答案为A。 第18题 答案：B 题干句意： 一些青少年每晚睡眠不足五小时。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句描述睡眠不足的普遍性，B项“报告抑郁或自杀念头的青少年睡眠更少”提供了更具体的发现，与后文儿科医生的讨论衔接。故正确答案为B。 第19题 答案：F 题干句意： 儿科医生在实践中亲眼见过睡眠不足的影响。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句提到儿科医生的观察，F项“如果青少年睡眠不足，他们更抑郁，在学校表现更差”具体说明了睡眠不足的影响，与后文“broad interventions”的讨论衔接。故正确答案为F。 第20题 答案：C 题干句意： 研究人员指出，较晚的上学时间与更长的睡眠和改善的心理健康有关。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。前句提出建议——较晚的上学时间，C项“较晚的上学时间可能帮助所有学生获得更好的睡眠”是对该建议的总结。G项“睡眠对青少年健康不重要”与全文基调相反。故正确答案为C。 多余选项： E（儿童天生睡眠不佳——文中未提及年龄因素）、G（睡眠对青少年健康不重要——与全文主旨相反） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The researchers worked with 20 lucid dreamers—people who are sometimes aware that they are dreaming—and asked them to solve brain teaser puzzles or riddles that were designed to be too difficult to solve within the three-minute time limit.” 翻译： 研究人员与20名清醒梦者合作——这些人有时能意识到自己在做梦——并要求他们解决脑筋急转弯谜题，这些谜题被设计得在三分钟时限内难以解决。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含同位语、定语从句和宾语从句。 主句：The researchers（主语）worked with 20 lucid dreamers and asked them to solve brain teaser puzzles or riddles（并列谓语） 同位语：—people who are sometimes aware that they are dreaming—（对lucid dreamers的解释说明） 定语从句：who are sometimes aware that they are dreaming（修饰people） 宾语从句：that they are dreaming（作aware的宾语） 定语从句：that were designed to be too difficult to solve within the three-minute time limit（修饰puzzles or riddles） “too...to...”结构：too difficult to solve意为“太难而无法解决” 2. 原句： “The onset and magnitude of such dramatic alterations over such a short timescale underscore the point that Earth has entered a new epoch, regardless of whether the official geological community chooses to recognize it as such.” 翻译： 在如此短的时间尺度上发生的如此剧烈变化的出现和规模，突显了地球已经进入一个新纪元这一点，无论官方地质学界是否选择将其认定为纪元。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含同位语从句和让步状语从句。 主句：The onset and magnitude of such dramatic alterations over such a short timescale（主语）underscore（谓语）the point（宾语） 同位语从句：that Earth has entered a new epoch（对point的进一步解释说明） 让步状语从句：regardless of whether the official geological community chooses to recognize it as such（whether引导的让步状语从句，作regardless of的宾语） “regardless of”结构：表示“无论、不管” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $