03-外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 外刊拓展阅读理解专项通过精选科技、环境等真实外刊语篇，系统整合细节理解、词义猜测等解题方法，构建“题型-策略-素养”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题（A-D篇）|15题，涵盖科技（胡萝卜纤维混凝土）、环境（肯尼亚抗旱项目）等主题|细节题定位关键句、词义猜测依语境、主旨题抓核心观点|外刊主题贴近高考命题趋势，按“识别信息-推理判断-归纳总结”逻辑递进| |七选五（E篇）|5题，聚焦阅读习惯优化|关注段落衔接、区分回读原因（理解困难/注意力分散）|从现象分析到策略提出，培养逻辑思维与学习能力|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——Knowable Magazine, August 12, 2026（改编） The humble carrot may hold the key to more sustainable concrete. A team of researchers at Lancaster University has discovered that incorporating nano-engineered cellulose fibers derived from carrots and sugar beet into cement can significantly increase its strength — by up to 25% — while reducing the amount of cement required by nearly 30%. The secret lies in the structure of the plant fibers. These fibers are stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis and can bond effectively with cement molecules. “When we add these nano-engineered fibers, the fibers can interact with the cement at a molecular level and actually fill the gaps that exist in concrete at the nano-scale,” says Dr. Mohamed Saafi, the lead researcher. “We‘re not extracting anything unnatural,” explains Dr. Saafi. “We’re just taking what nature has already made and repurposing it.” The team also discovered that these fibers could be extracted from agricultural waste — which means that the material, the source of which is typically thrown away, can be used as a resource for strengthening concrete. The environmental benefits are substantial. The cement industry is responsible for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. By reducing the amount of cement needed in concrete production, this innovation could significantly cut the industry‘s carbon footprint. The process of extracting the fibers is also energy-efficient, requiring minimal heat or chemical treatment, which further reduces the environmental impact. However, there are still a number of steps before the technology can be deployed on a wide scale. Researchers need to ensure that the fibers perform consistently in different conditions. The process also needs to be scaled up from the laboratory to commercial production, and economic viability must be proven. 1.What is the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage? A. Carrots can be used to make concrete stronger and reduce cement use. B. Carrots are a better construction material than steel. C. Carrot fibers can replace all cement in concrete. D. Carrots can reduce carbon emissions from the agriculture sector. 2.According to paragraph 2, what enables the plant fibers to strengthen concrete? A. They are heavier than steel and fill large gaps. B. They bond with cement molecules and fill nano-scale gaps. C. They chemically react with water to form a stronger bond. D. They melt at high temperatures to fill cracks. 3.The underlined word “repurposing” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. disposing B. using for a different purpose C. improving the quality of D. rejecting as useless B ——NPR, July 23, 2025（改编） A small community in rural Kenya has become the site of an innovative experiment in climate adaptation. The village of Nkoroi, which has been suffering from increasingly severe droughts, is testing a new approach to water management that combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. The project, run by the Kenya Water Institute and supported by Stanford researchers, involves the installation of solar-powered water pumps and the construction of small-scale water storage facilities. The pumps draw water from underground aquifers, which are then stored in tanks and distributed to households and farms through a community-managed system. A mobile app allows residents to monitor water levels and request maintenance. What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices. The village’s elders have mapped the area‘s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced. The combination of indigenous knowledge and modern technology has proven remarkably effective. “Our ancestors knew where to find water during dry seasons,” said James Mwangi, a village elder who helped design the project. “We are not replacing that knowledge. We are building on it with new tools.” The project has reduced water shortages by 40 percent during the dry season and has increased agricultural yields by 25 percent. The success has attracted attention from neighboring communities and government officials. Plans are underway to expand the model to five other villages in the region. 4.What distinguishes the Nkoroi water project from other water projects? A. It relies entirely on solar-powered technology. B. It combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. C. It receives funding from the Kenyan government. D. It only serves households, not farms. 5.According to the passage, what role did the village elders play in the project? A. They installed the solar-powered water pumps. B. They mapped water sources using oral histories and identified traditional techniques. C. They provided most of the funding for the project. D. They opposed the use of modern technology. 6.The underlined word “aquifers” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. underground layers of rock that hold water B. artificial reservoirs built above ground C. small streams that flow during rainy seasons D. large lakes that store rainwater 7.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Future of Solar Energy in Kenya B. Combining Tradition and Technology to Fight Drought C. The Failure of Modern Water Systems in Rural Africa D. How to Build a Community Water Pump C ——The Silicon Review, July 25, 2026（改编） Museums, once quiet places filled with history, are now full of digital excitement. By using machine learning and advanced algorithms, these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure. Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors‘ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks. Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay over time, early detection is vital. AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. This capability allows for timely restoration. AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, particularly for children and families. It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles, making museum visits more engaging and informative for younger audiences. Looking ahead, the rapid advancement of AI promises both exciting possibilities and ethical challenges. Museums are working together with AI ethicists to develop fair algorithms. Visitor data collection also raises privacy issues that must be carefully addressed. 8.What is one way AI is changing the museum experience for visitors? A. It replaces all human tour guides with robots. B. It recommends exhibits based on visitor preferences. C. It forces visitors to follow a fixed route. D. It eliminates the need for physical exhibits. 9.How does AI help preserve artworks in museums? A. By automatically repairing damaged pieces. B. By identifying early signs of decay that are invisible to the human eye. C. By storing artworks in climate-controlled rooms. D. By creating digital copies of all exhibits. 10.The underlined word “decay” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. gradual damage over time B. sudden breakage C. intentional destruction D. theft 11.What is the main topic of the last paragraph? A. The complete success of AI in museums. B. The ethical challenges and privacy concerns of using AI. C. The replacement of human workers by AI. D. The high cost of AI technology in museums. D ——Stanford Report, October 15, 2025（改编） A recent study from Stanford University reveals that the mere presence of a smartphone — even when turned off and face down — reduces a person’s cognitive capacity. The research, published in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, suggests that the brain automatically devotes attention to suppressing the desire to check the phone, draining mental resources that could be used for other tasks. The researchers conducted experiments with nearly 800 participants. In one study, participants were asked to complete a series of tests requiring focused attention and problem-solving skills. Before the tests, participants were asked to place their phones either on their desks (screen facing down), in their pockets, or in another room. Those who left their phones in another room performed significantly better on the tests than those who kept their phones nearby. “It‘s not that participants were distracted because they were getting notifications on their phones,” said Dr. Adrian Ward, lead author of the study. “The mere presence of the device reduces cognitive capacity, even when people are successful at not checking it. The brain is using some of its limited resources to keep the phone out of mind.” The effect was strongest for participants who reported high smartphone dependence. However, even participants who reported relatively low dependence showed some reduction in cognitive performance when their phones were present. The findings suggest that the phenomenon is widespread and not limited to heavy users. The researchers note that the effect is similar to what psychologists call “brain drain” — the phenomenon where the presence of an unfinished task reduces the mental resources available for other activities. Just as an unfinished project can occupy the mind, the phone represents an ever-present temptation that consumes mental bandwidth. The implications are significant for workplace productivity, education, and daily life. The authors suggest that putting phones out of sight — in a bag or another room — could be a simple but effective way to improve focus and cognitive performance. 12.According to the study, what happens when a smartphone is present even when not in use? A. It improves a person‘s cognitive capacity. B. It reduces cognitive capacity because the brain suppresses the desire to check it. C. It has no effect on a person’s cognitive ability. D. It increases a person‘s focus on other tasks. 13.In the experiment, which group performed best on the cognitive tests? A. Those who placed their phones on their desks. B. Those who placed their phones in their pockets. C. Those who left their phones in another room. D. Those who kept their phones turned on. 14.The underlined phrase “brain drain” in paragraph 5 refers to ______. A. the loss of brain cells due to aging B. the reduction of mental resources caused by the presence of an unfinished task C. the use of smartphones to improve memory D. the process of learning new information 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. How Smartphones Improve Cognitive Performance B. The Hidden Cost of Smartphone Presence on Mental Resources C. Why People Are Addicted to Their Phones D. How to Use Smartphones More Effectively 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——Read Unwritten, April 3, 2015（改编） During your initial reading of material, do you ever go back and reread sentences or paragraphs? Is it because the material is too difficult to comprehend on the first reading or because your mind was elsewhere? (16) ______ Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack of involvement with the material. Be demanding on yourself and expect 100 percent attention to the task. (17) ______ Visualize the incoming ideas, and relate the new material to what you already know. Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to make up for wasted time. First of all, become aware of when and why you are regressing. (18) ______ You might say to yourself, “OK. I missed that paragraph because my mind was wandering. I‘m not going to go back to it. I’m going to keep on going.” (19) ______ Rereading because you did not understand the content is a reasonable strategy. However, regressing because your mind was asleep is a waste of time and a habit that can be broken. (20) ______ The key is to identify the cause and address it appropriately. 选项（A-G）： A. Both are to blame. B. Probably the latter is true. C. Don‘t just read the words; think the ideas. D. Spend a few minutes reading the material aloud. E. Your eyes were engaged, but your mind was not. F. Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit. G. Rereading because you did not understand is a reasonable fix-up strategy. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兰卡斯特大学的研究团队发现，将胡萝卜和甜菜中提取的纳米工程纤维素纤维加入水泥中，可使混凝土强度提高25%，同时减少水泥用量近30%，从而降低水泥行业的碳足迹。 第1题 答案：A 题干句意： 文中提到的研究的主要发现是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“incorporating nano-engineered cellulose fibers derived from carrots and sugar beet into cement can significantly increase its strength — by up to 25% — while reducing the amount of cement required by nearly 30%”直接说明了研究发现——胡萝卜纤维可增强混凝土强度并减少水泥用量。B项“胡萝卜是比钢材更好的建材”与“stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis”不等同；C项“可完全替代水泥”过于绝对；D项“减少农业碳排放”与“cement industry”不符。故正确答案为A。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，什么使植物纤维能够增强混凝土？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“the fibers can interact with the cement at a molecular level and actually fill the gaps that exist in concrete at the nano-scale”直接说明纤维通过与水泥分子结合并填充纳米级缝隙来增强混凝土。A项“比钢重”与“stronger than steel on a weight-for-weight basis”相反；C项“与水反应”未提及；D项“高温熔化”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：B 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“repurposing”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“repurposing”意为“重新利用、改变用途”。文中“taking what nature has already made and repurposing it”指将天然材料用于新的用途。A项“处理掉”与文意相反；C项“提高质量”与定义不符；D项“拒绝为无用”与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文/说明文，介绍了肯尼亚Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的水资源管理项目，该项目使旱季水资源短缺减少40%，农业产量提高25%。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： Nkoroi水项目区别于其他水项目的特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices”直接说明其独特之处在于与传统实践的结合。A项“完全依赖太阳能技术”忽略传统；C项“获得政府资助”未提及；D项“仅服务家庭”与“households and farms”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，村中长辈在项目中扮演了什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The village‘s elders have mapped the area’s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced”直接说明长辈利用口述历史绘制水源地图并识别传统技术。A项“安装水泵”、C项“提供资金”、D项“反对现代技术”均与文意不符。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“aquifers”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“aquifers”意为“含水层”——地下可储水的岩层。文中“draw water from underground aquifers”指从地下含水层抽水。B项“地上人工水库”、C项“雨季小河流”、D项“储水大湖”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的成功案例。A项“肯尼亚太阳能的未来”过于狭窄；C项“非洲现代水系统失败”与文意相反；D项“如何建造社区水泵”过于具体。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了AI技术在博物馆中的应用——个性化推荐、艺术品保护、教育体验提升，以及AI使用带来的伦理和隐私挑战。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： AI改变博物馆参观体验的方式之一是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Smart recommendation engines analyze data... to suggest specific exhibits and events”直接说明AI根据访客偏好推荐展品。A项“完全取代人类导游”过于绝对；C项“强迫固定路线”与“personalized”相反；D项“消除实体展品”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： AI如何帮助保护博物馆艺术品？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. This capability allows for timely restoration.”直接说明AI识别肉眼看不见的衰变迹象，便于及时修复。A项“自动修复”、C项“恒温存储”、D项“创建数字副本”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：A 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“decay”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“decay”意为“腐烂、衰变”。文中“exhibits in museums sustain natural decay over time”指展品随时间自然衰变。B项“突然断裂”、C项“故意破坏”、D项“盗窃”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 最后一段的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨。最后一段讨论AI的“exciting possibilities”和“ethical challenges”，以及“privacy issues”，主要关注挑战和隐私担忧。A项“完全成功”与“challenges”矛盾；C项“替代人类工人”未提及；D项“AI技术高成本”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学的研究——即使手机处于关机或屏幕朝下的状态，其存在本身也会降低人的认知能力，因为大脑需要消耗资源抑制查看手机的冲动。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，当手机存在但未使用时会发生什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“the mere presence of a smartphone — even when turned off and face down — reduces a person‘s cognitive capacity”以及“the brain automatically devotes attention to suppressing the desire to check the phone”直接说明手机存在会因大脑抑制查看欲望而降低认知能力。A项“提高认知能力”与“reduces”相反；C项“无影响”与“reduces”相反；D项“提高专注”与“draining mental resources”相反。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：C 题干句意： 在实验中，哪一组在认知测试中表现最好？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Those who left their phones in another room performed significantly better on the tests than those who kept their phones nearby”直接说明将手机放在另一个房间的人表现最好。A项“放在桌上”、B项“放在口袋”、D项“保持开机”均表现较差。故正确答案为C。 第14题 答案：B 题干句意： 第五段中画线短语“brain drain”指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“brain drain”本意为“人才流失”，但在本文中比喻为“脑力流失”。文中定义“the phenomenon where the presence of an unfinished task reduces the mental resources available for other activities”，指未完成任务的存在减少可用于其他活动的脑力资源。A项“脑细胞流失”是字面理解；C项“用手机改善记忆”与文意相反；D项“学习新信息”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第15题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文讨论手机存在对认知能力的隐性消耗。A项“手机如何提高认知”与研究发现相反；C项“手机成瘾原因”偏离主题；D项“如何有效使用手机”过于宽泛。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，讨论了阅读中“回读”现象，区分因不理解而回读和因走神而回读两种情况，提供了识别和改善阅读习惯的建议。 第16题 答案：B 题干句意： 在阅读过程中，你是否会回读句子或段落？是因为材料太难理解，还是因为你的思绪飘到了别处？（16）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句提出两种可能性——“太难理解”和“走神”，B项“Probably the latter is true”指“走神”这一可能性，承接前句并引出后文关于“走神”的讨论。A项“两者都有责任”与后文“napping and daydreaming”的单一指向不完全匹配。故正确答案为B。 第17题 答案：C 题干句意： 打盹和白日梦是因对材料缺乏参与而形成的习惯。对自己要求严格，期待百分百的注意力。______ 想象正在进入的想法，并将新材料与已知内容联系起来。 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。后句具体说明如何“参与”——将新想法可视化、与已知知识联系，C项“Don‘t just read the words; think the ideas.”概括了“参与”的核心要义。故正确答案为C。 第18题 答案：F 题干句意： 回读是让你弥补浪费时间的拐杖。首先，意识到何时何地走神。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提出要意识到走神情况，后句给出具体的自我对话示例，F项“Then, start denying yourself the right in order to break the habit.”承接从“意识到问题”到“采取行动”的转折。故正确答案为F。 第19题 答案：G 题干句意： （19）______ 因不理解而重读是合理的策略。 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。后句明确说明“因不理解而重读是合理策略”，G项正是该句的直接表述。故正确答案为G。 第20题 答案：A 题干句意： （20）______ 关键是识别原因并适当处理。 解析： 本题考查结论句。全文讨论两种“回读”情况——因困难而回读和因走神而回读，A项“Both are to blame.”作为总结，指出无论哪种情况都是不理想的阅读习惯，引出后文“识别原因并适当处理”的建议。故正确答案为A。 多余选项： D（大声朗读几分钟——文中未提及）、E（眼睛在工作但思维没有——虽与第16空相关但B更直接） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $