精品解析：海南省海南中学2024-2025学年度第一学期高二年级月考（12月）测试英语试题

海南中学2024-2025学年高二上学期英语月考测试 满分：120分，考试时间：100分钟 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A WORKING IN THE UK Many international students learning English in the UK have the question of whether they’ll be allowed to work in the UK during their studies. Here English UK may help you. Short-term students Short-term students are not allowed to work in the UK. This rule app lies to: ▲students studying for up to six months on a standard visitor visa ▲non-visa national students studying for up to six months without a visa ▲students with the 11-month short-term study visa Students with a student visa Students who take a full-time course at an eligible (符合条件的) institution on a student visa can sometimes work part-time in the UK. Their passport will tell them how many hours they can work per week. Students should ask their chosen institution to find out or contact us at English UK. If students are able to work, they can work for: ▲maximum 10 hours per week for the course below degree level ▲maximum 20 hours per week for the course at degree level or above In both cases, students can work full time during the holidays and after the course until the end of the visa period. Youth Mobility Scheme visa Students aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa. This visa allows them to live, work and study in the UK for up to two years. You cannot apply if you have already been in the UK under the scheme and you can’t extend your stay. Volunteering All students, including short-term students, can volunteer. This is a great opportunity for international students to meet local people and practice their English. 1. What is the requirement for a student visa holder wanting to work in the UK? A. Taking a full-time course in a qualified school. B. Studying in a school for up to six months. C. Applying for a working holiday visa. D. Asking his chosen school for permission. 2. Who might take a job in the UK for two years? A. Students with a degree. B. Students with an extended visa. C. Students with a standard visitor visa. D. Students with a Youth Mobility Scheme visa. 3. What can an international student do in the UK if he takes a summer course there? A. Work for 10 hours per week. B. Volunteer in a charity. C. Work in a private company. D. Work full-time after the course. B By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local art center, showcasing his series titled “Dispositions”, which illustrated his own growth during adolescence (青少年). Yet he wanted more — specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where a group of art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit an obstacle, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a motivation for creation. “I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists, ” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, which is now profitable enough to make ends meet by charging a small hanging fee for any displayed work. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talent by showcasing their work. Not long after opening, David Griffin, a professor and artist of Ontario College of Art and Design University stepped into the gallery and met Nalin. Griffin regards him as someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea — creating a space for showing the natural genius of young people. It was a void (空白) in the art world.” There Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled “Pokemon”. As Nalin was busy with school, life and his own art, Little EGG is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still committed to growing it with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. 4. What do we know about Nalin Kamat from the first two paragraphs? A. He drew teenagers’ growth in his work. B. He became a working artist when aged 13. C. He was disqualified for a juried exhibition. D. He showed his series at the capital art center. 5. Why did Nalin decide to set up Little EGG Gallery? A. To promote artists by showcasing their work. B. To form the connection between different galleries. C. To expand his own business through themed shows. D. To show young artists’ talent by offering them a stage. 6. Which of the following can best describe Nalin’s idea of opening the gallery? A. Groundbreaking. B. Short-lived. C. Well-received. D. Unpromising. 7. What kind of person is Nalin Kamat according to the text? A. Helpful and cautious. B. Devoted and creative. C. Humorous and intelligent. D. Knowledgeable and ambitious. C Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels. For drivers, this has meant many new features: automatic braking (刹车), turn-by-turn directions, entertainment systems. But carmakers are getting much more. They’re constantly collecting data from our vehicles, like how much we weigh, how fast we drive, how many children we have and even financial information. But who owns and, finally, controls that data? And what are carmakers doing with it? The issue of ownership is not clearly known. Drivers usually sign away their rights to data. It’s not unlike buying a smartphone. The difference is that most customers have no idea vehicles collect data. We know our smartphones collect data and we’re come to accept that we trade personal information for convenience. With cars, we have no such expectation. What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn’t clear. We know they use it to improve car performance and safety. And we know they have the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose. The data on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies. You may or may not choose to share your data with these services. But while you can turn off location data on your cellphone, there is no opt-out (退出权) feature for your car. Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or when our cars need to be taken in for service. For almost a century, car owners have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop they trust for maintenance and repair. That may be changing. When carmakers control the data, they can choose which service centers receive our information. They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships (经销商) than with independent repair shops which could have the edge in price and convenience. It’s clear, because of its value — as high as $750 billion by 2030 — carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles. Policymakers, however, have the opportunity to give drivers control — not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people they want to see it. This will let car owners maintain what they’ve had for a century: the right to decide who fixes their car. 8. How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By presenting data. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons. 9. What if carmakers control user’s data? A. More car shops will open. B. Users will pay more for service. C. Independent repair shops will make profits. D. Carmakers will provide more repair shops. 10. What does the underlined phrase “have the edge” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Be weaker. B. Be worse. C. Be safer. D. Be better. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Laws are expected to bring the data back to drivers. B. Drivers trade personal information for convenience. C. Carmakers will share the vehicle data with drivers soon. D. Car owners already have direct access to their vehicle data. D Health chiefs are to use artificial intelligence to screen and treat people at risk of hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) under plans to wipe out the life-threatening disease by 2030. The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis. Anyone identified by the AI software will be invited for a consultation by their GP and, if necessary, will undergo further screening for hepatitis C. Patients who test positive for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral medicines. Professor Graham Foster, chairman for NHS England’s hepatitis C elimination programs, described the scheme as “a significant step forward” in the fight to root out the virus. “Hepatitis C can be a deadly disease which affects tens of thousands across the country but with unlimited access to NHS treatments, innovative patient finding initiatives such as this one…we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier,” Foster said in an interview. Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years to 2020, from 482 to 314, according to the latest data from the UK Health Security Agency. New cases also fell from 129,000 in 2015 to 81,000 in 2020. The fall in deaths was largely thanks to earlier detection of the virus and improved access to treatments. Rachel Halford, chief executive of the Hepatitis C Trust, said: “There has been brilliant work to expand testing in a wide range of settings in recent years but we have not yet seen the advances we need to see in primary care. The rollout of this screening programme is therefore another vital step towards achieving elimination (根除).” 12. What is the purpose of the NHS scheme? A. To test the virus and cure patients with hepatitis C. B. To effectively wipe out the life-threatening disease. C. To boost the life chances of patients by eliminating the virus. D. To detect patients with hepatitis C for early treatment. 13. Who is most likely to be infected with hepatitis C? A. A man who shakes hands with an infected stranger. B. A boy who has breakfast with his infected friends. C. A woman who works with hepatitis C patients every day. D. A girl who happens to transfuse blood donated by infected patients. 14. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The danger of hepatitis B. The advancement of NHS treatments. C. The effects of the programme. D. The urgency of curing the disease. 15. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Hepatitis C is a life-threatening disease. B. NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus. C. Hepatitis C deaths in the UK have declined. D. AI is a new weapon against deadly hepatitis C. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being a first-year international student at a U. S. college or university can be a little scary — there’s so much to do and remember. ___16___ Here are more first-year tips for international students. Connect With Other Students Before Arrival ___17___. These can be great opportunities to meet a potential roommate and begin finding connections and familiar faces before move-in. Students should also plan to attend other events to meet more students and grow their social circles. Call Home Upon Arrival Students may be excited to start their new life, but family need to know you. arrived safely. Students who forget to contact their parents after arriving could lead to a hurry call to university as parents try to track down their children. ___18___. The reason may be that there will be Wi- Fi at the airport and an Internet connect ion may not yet be set up at your new residence. ___19___ Experts say it’s wise to travel with some cash and have that money changed to U. S. dollars. In addition to getting money changed, a credit card is a must. If your wallet gets stolen, your money will be perfectly safe. It also quietly builds your credit score if you’ re paying back on time. Students typically can get information about setting up a bank account and should do some financial planning to cover all of their expenses. Make Friends With a Variety of Students While international student freshmen may be interested in their own communities, it’s important to branch out and meet a variety of students. ___20___. Students from other countries offer new perspectives, who can offer first-year students great advice and insights on navigating school. Experts also recommend connecting with native U. S. students, who can provide broader exposure to U. S. culture. A. Deal With Financial (金融) Issues B. Carry a Credit Card C. U. S. campuses are known for their diversity D. Contacting family when landing is important E. Call your parents and let them know you are sad F. But a little preparation can go a long way for a successful freshman year G. Universities often organize social media events to connect new students 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分55分） 第一节（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Attending a new school can be a big challenge for any student. ____21____, for 15-year-old Sergio Peralta, he found a group of innovative students who ____22____ his life. In the first days of the new school year at Hendersonville, Peralta tried to cover up the ____23____ fact — his right hand was not fully ____24____ . But a teacher in the engineering program, Jeff Wilkins, eventually learned of the ____25____ and suggested that his engineering students might be able to help out. Though the students were unsure if the idea would work, they didn’t let ____26____ stop them from trying. With ____27____ to online models and a 3D printer, they spent four weeks ____28____ , sizing, and creating a robotic hand for Peralta. Then the students ____29____ it with a game of catch. For the first time, Peralta was able to play catch with both hands. And having lived without one hand for 15 years, he never _____30_____ it. The students also discovered _____31_____ how engineering can be used to make a _____32_____ difference. This ambitious project _____33_____ not only the vision but also the leadership behind the engineering program of Wilkins’ class, which was meant to turn concepts into _____34_____, said principal Bob Cotter. Peralta’s robotic hand bears _____35_____ to the kindness and creativity of the students. 21. A. Stressfully B. Happily C. Obviously D. Secretly 22. A. extended B. saved C. transformed D. shaped 23. A. embarrassing B. amazing C. inspiring D. puzzling 24. A. protected B. copied C. developed D. examined 25. A. opportunity B. potential C. progress D. situation 26. A. laughter B. uncertainty C. fear D. shame 27. A. access B. regard C. priority D. devotion 28. A. proposing B. training C. designing D. displaying 29. A. tested B. measured C. recorded D. improved 30. A. trusted B. expected C. abandoned D. regretted 31. A. comprehensively B. first-hand C. toughly D. single-handed 32. A. practical B. reasonable C. competitive D. social 33. A. adapts to B. begins with C. focuses on D. stands for 34. A. dream B. support C. profit D. reality 35. A. preference B. response C. witness D. reward 第二节 单句填空（共25个小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 36. What you may not believe was ______ happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. （用适当的词填空） 37. From space, the earth looks blue.The reason is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 38. What surprised Xie Lei was _________ she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.（用适当的词填空） 39. It’s important ______ Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.（用适当的词填空） 40. However, _________ it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. （用适当的词填空） 41. Yes, it is. And it seemed ________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another. (用适当的词填空) 42. _________ keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. (用适当的词填空) 43. Today, it is estimated _________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. （用适当的词填空） 44. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those _________ drank pure or boiled water. (用适当的词填空) 45. They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ________ they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空) 46. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 47. Exactly _________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. （用适当的词填空） 48. What I really want to know is _________ coat is probably suitable for me. (用适当的词填空) 49. My main reason for s_______(订阅）to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 50. The report released by the media discloses that human error was _________ (blame) for the accident. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. As the sun went down, we _________(cast) long shadows on the lawn. （所给词的适当形式填空） 52. The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case wars may break _________. (用适当的词填空) 53. She implied that she was the one in ________ (掌控) of the whole project. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. Politicians are skilled at ________ (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get _________(涉及，卷入). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 56. Our challenge is _________ (motivate) those voters and inspire them to join our cause. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar _________ (surround) with strange people. （所给词的适当形式填空） 58. They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further ________ (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general _________ (能力). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 60. He’s a very ________(ambition) young man and he wants to play at the highest level. (所给词的适当形式填空） 第三节 课文语法填空（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. ____61____ general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, ____62____ holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds ____63____ the universe began at a single point in time and space. The ____64____ (big) champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question ____65____ answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle ____66____ (make) a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory — and not ____67____ steady state theory — was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory ____68____ (prove) by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides ____69____ (be) brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say ____70____ others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid ____71____ (dream) about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight ____72____ his disease. Above ____73____, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd ____74____ (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest ____75____ (think) of the 20th and 21st centuries. 第三部分 写作（共一节，满分15分） 76. 假定你是李华，你校最近开展英语周活动，要举办以“我最崇拜的科学家”为主题的英文演讲比赛，请根据以下要点提示，写一篇演讲稿。内容包括： 1.谁是你最崇拜的科学家； 2.你崇拜的理由； 3.你的感想和希望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear teachers and fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 海南中学2024-2025学年高二上学期英语月考测试 满分：120分，考试时间：100分钟 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A WORKING IN THE UK Many international students learning English in the UK have the question of whether they’ll be allowed to work in the UK during their studies. Here English UK may help you. Short-term students Short-term students are not allowed to work in the UK. This rule app lies to: ▲students studying for up to six months on a standard visitor visa ▲non-visa national students studying for up to six months without a visa ▲students with the 11-month short-term study visa Students with a student visa Students who take a full-time course at an eligible (符合条件的) institution on a student visa can sometimes work part-time in the UK. Their passport will tell them how many hours they can work per week. Students should ask their chosen institution to find out or contact us at English UK. If students are able to work, they can work for: ▲maximum 10 hours per week for the course below degree level ▲maximum 20 hours per week for the course at degree level or above In both cases, students can work full time during the holidays and after the course until the end of the visa period. Youth Mobility Scheme visa Students aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa. This visa allows them to live, work and study in the UK for up to two years. You cannot apply if you have already been in the UK under the scheme and you can’t extend your stay. Volunteering All students, including short-term students, can volunteer. This is a great opportunity for international students to meet local people and practice their English. 1. What is the requirement for a student visa holder wanting to work in the UK? A. Taking a full-time course in a qualified school. B. Studying in a school for up to six months. C. Applying for a working holiday visa. D. Asking his chosen school for permission. 2. Who might take a job in the UK for two years? A. Students with a degree. B. Students with an extended visa. C. Students with a standard visitor visa. D. Students with a Youth Mobility Scheme visa. 3. What can an international student do in the UK if he takes a summer course there? A. Work for 10 hours per week. B. Volunteer in a charity. C. Work in a private company. D. Work full-time after the course. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了留学生在英国学习期间的工作问题，包括短期学生、持学生签证的学生、青年流动计划签证持有者以及志愿者在英国工作的相关规定。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Students with a student visa部分中的“Students who take a full-time course at an eligible (符合条件的) institution on a student visa can sometimes work part-time in the UK.(持学生签证在符合资格的学校全日制学习的学生有时可以在英国兼职工作)”可知，想要在英国工作的学生签证持有者需要在符合资格的学校全日制学习。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Youth Mobility Scheme visa部分中的“Students aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa. This visa allows them to live, work and study in the UK for up to two years.(18至30岁的学生可以申请青年流动计划签证。此签证允许他们在英国生活、工作和学习长达两年)”可知，持有青年流动计划签证的学生可以在英国工作两年。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Volunteering部分中的“All students, including short-term students, can volunteer.(所有学生，包括短期学生，都可以做志愿者)”可知，如果国际学生在英国参加夏季课程，他也可以做志愿者。故选B项。 B By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local art center, showcasing his series titled “Dispositions”, which illustrated his own growth during adolescence (青少年). Yet he wanted more — specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where a group of art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit an obstacle, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a motivation for creation. “I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists, ” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, which is now profitable enough to make ends meet by charging a small hanging fee for any displayed work. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talent by showcasing their work. Not long after opening, David Griffin, a professor and artist of Ontario College of Art and Design University stepped into the gallery and met Nalin. Griffin regards him as someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea — creating a space for showing the natural genius of young people. It was a void (空白) in the art world.” There Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled “Pokemon”. As Nalin was busy with school, life and his own art, Little EGG is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still committed to growing it with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. 4. What do we know about Nalin Kamat from the first two paragraphs? A. He drew teenagers’ growth in his work. B. He became a working artist when aged 13. C. He was disqualified for a juried exhibition. D. He showed his series at the capital art center. 5. Why did Nalin decide to set up Little EGG Gallery? A. To promote artists by showcasing their work. B. To form the connection between different galleries. C. To expand his own business through themed shows. D. To show young artists’ talent by offering them a stage. 6. Which of the following can best describe Nalin’s idea of opening the gallery? A. Groundbreaking. B. Short-lived. C. Well-received. D. Unpromising. 7. What kind of person is Nalin Kamat according to the text? A. Helpful and cautious. B. Devoted and creative. C. Humorous and intelligent. D. Knowledgeable and ambitious. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁的多伦多青少年纳林·卡马特因为无法参加评审展览而受挫，但这激发了他为更多年轻艺术家提供展示机会的决心。在父母的支持下，他创办了Little EGG Gallery的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist.(在纳林·卡马特13岁的时候，这位多伦多少年已经走上了成为一名在职艺术家的道路)”和第二段“Yet he wanted more — specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where a group of art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit an obstacle, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18.(然而，他想要的更多——具体来说，是开始在一个评审展览中展示他的作品，在那里，一群艺术专家将在一个竞争性的评审过程中评估和选择作品。就在那时，他遇到了一个障碍，在一份多页申请表的最后一行发现提交作品的最低年龄是18岁)”可知，Nalin Kamat因为年龄问题而被取消了参加评审展览的资格。故选C。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists, ” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, which is now profitable enough to make ends meet by charging a small hanging fee for any displayed work. (“我想，如果我能为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太棒了，”现年15岁的纳林说。在父母的支持下，纳林于2023年1月租了一个店面，并创办了Little EGG Gallery，现在这家画廊通过向任何展示的作品收取小额悬挂费，已经足够盈利来维持生计了)”可知，他创办Little EGG Gallery的目的是为了给年轻艺术家提供一个展示才华的舞台。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That rejection became a motivation for creation. “I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists, ” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, which is now profitable enough to make ends meet by charging a small hanging fee for any displayed work.(那次拒绝成为了他创作的动力。“我想，如果我能为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太棒了，”现年15岁的纳林说。在父母的支持下，纳林于2023年1月租了一个店面，并创办了Little EGG Gallery，现在这家画廊通过向任何展示的作品收取小额悬挂费，已经足够盈利来维持生计了)”和第四段“a strong young artist with a really excellent idea — creating a space for showing the natural genius of young people. It was a void in the art world.(一个有着非常优秀想法的强大年轻艺术家——为展示年轻人的天才创造了一个空间。这是艺术界的一个空白)”可知，纳林想要为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，于是他租了一个店面并创办了Little EGG Gallery，这是一个创新的想法，因此可以用“Groundbreaking (开创性的)”来形容他的想法。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章倒数第二段“Not long after opening, David Griffin, a professor and artist of Ontario College of Art and Design University stepped into the gallery and met Nalin. Griffin regards him as someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea — creating a space for showing the natural genius of young people. It was a void in the art world.” There Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled “Pokemon”.(开幕后不久，安大略艺术与设计大学教授兼艺术家大卫·格里芬走进画廊，见到了纳林。格里芬认为他是一个特别的人：“一个有着出色想法的强大的年轻艺术家——创造一个展示年轻人自然天赋的空间。那是艺术界的空白。”在那里，纳林请格里芬帮助评判即将到来的比赛。去年春天，5岁的杰克·甘布尔凭借他的抽象派作品《精灵宝可梦》（Pokemon）首次获奖)”可知，Nalin Kamat在13岁时就举办了自己的画展，并且因为无法参加评审展览而创办了Little EGG Gallery，展示年轻艺术家的作品，结合安大略艺术与设计大学教授兼艺术家大卫·格里芬的评价，可知他是一个有创造力和奉献精神的人，因此选项B：Devoted and creative (有奉献精神和创造力的)最符合他的特点。故选B。 C Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels. For drivers, this has meant many new features: automatic braking (刹车), turn-by-turn directions, entertainment systems. But carmakers are getting much more. They’re constantly collecting data from our vehicles, like how much we weigh, how fast we drive, how many children we have and even financial information. But who owns and, finally, controls that data? And what are carmakers doing with it? The issue of ownership is not clearly known. Drivers usually sign away their rights to data. It’s not unlike buying a smartphone. The difference is that most customers have no idea vehicles collect data. We know our smartphones collect data and we’re come to accept that we trade personal information for convenience. With cars, we have no such expectation. What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn’t clear. We know they use it to improve car performance and safety. And we know they have the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose. The data on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies. You may or may not choose to share your data with these services. But while you can turn off location data on your cellphone, there is no opt-out (退出权) feature for your car. Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or when our cars need to be taken in for service. For almost a century, car owners have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop they trust for maintenance and repair. That may be changing. When carmakers control the data, they can choose which service centers receive our information. They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships (经销商) than with independent repair shops which could have the edge in price and convenience. It’s clear, because of its value — as high as $750 billion by 2030 — carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles. Policymakers, however, have the opportunity to give drivers control — not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people they want to see it. This will let car owners maintain what they’ve had for a century: the right to decide who fixes their car. 8. How is paragraph 2 developed? A. By presenting data. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons. 9. What if carmakers control user’s data? A. More car shops will open. B. Users will pay more for service. C. Independent repair shops will make profits. D. Carmakers will provide more repair shops. 10. What does the underlined phrase “have the edge” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Be weaker. B. Be worse. C. Be safer. D. Be better. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Laws are expected to bring the data back to drivers. B. Drivers trade personal information for convenience. C. Carmakers will share the vehicle data with drivers soon. D. Car owners already have direct access to their vehicle data. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讨论了汽车制造商收集的车辆数据及其所有权和控制权问题。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The issue of ownership is not clearly known. Drivers usually sign away their rights to data. It’s not unlike buying a smartphone. The difference is that most customers have no idea vehicles collect data. We know our smartphones collect data and we’re come to accept that we trade personal information for convenience. With cars, we have no such expectation.(所有权问题尚不明确。司机通常会签署放弃数据权利的文件。这与购买智能手机的情况不无相似。区别在于，大多数顾客并不知道车辆会收集数据。我们知道智能手机会收集数据，并且我们已经接受用个人信息换取便利的事实。但对于汽车，我们并没有这样的预期。)”可推知，第二段是通过智能手机和汽车收集数据的对比来展开论述的，即通过比较来展开论述的。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships (经销商) than with independent repair shops which could have the edge in price and convenience.(他们更有可能只与他们的品牌经销商分享我们的数据，而不是与在价格和便利性方面有优势的独立维修店分享。)”可知，如果汽车制造商控制用户的数据，那么他们更有可能只与他们的品牌经销商分享数据，而不是与在价格和便利性方面有优势的独立维修店分享，这意味着用户可能需要为服务支付更多费用，因为品牌经销商的收费可能会更高。故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships (经销商) than with independent repair shops which could have the edge in price and convenience.(他们更有可能只与他们的品牌经销商分享我们的数据，而不是与在价格和便利性方面_____的独立维修店分享。)”可知，独立维修店在价格和便利性方面应该是有某种优势，才会让汽车制造商不愿意与它们分享数据，所以“have the edge”在这里的意思是“更好”。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s clear, because of its value—as high as $750 billion by 2030—carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles. Policymakers, however, have the opportunity to give drivers control—not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people they want to see it.(很明显，由于其价值可能高达7500亿美元（截至2030年），汽车制造商不太可能放弃对我们车辆所收集数据的控制权。然而，政策制定者有机会让驾驶员掌握控制权——这不仅仅是为了保护他们的数据隐私，还为了让他们能与希望看到这些数据的人共享数据。)”可推知，法律有望将数据归还给司机。故选A。 D Health chiefs are to use artificial intelligence to screen and treat people at risk of hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) under plans to wipe out the life-threatening disease by 2030. The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis. Anyone identified by the AI software will be invited for a consultation by their GP and, if necessary, will undergo further screening for hepatitis C. Patients who test positive for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral medicines. Professor Graham Foster, chairman for NHS England’s hepatitis C elimination programs, described the scheme as “a significant step forward” in the fight to root out the virus. “Hepatitis C can be a deadly disease which affects tens of thousands across the country but with unlimited access to NHS treatments, innovative patient finding initiatives such as this one…we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier,” Foster said in an interview. Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years to 2020, from 482 to 314, according to the latest data from the UK Health Security Agency. New cases also fell from 129,000 in 2015 to 81,000 in 2020. The fall in deaths was largely thanks to earlier detection of the virus and improved access to treatments. Rachel Halford, chief executive of the Hepatitis C Trust, said: “There has been brilliant work to expand testing in a wide range of settings in recent years but we have not yet seen the advances we need to see in primary care. The rollout of this screening programme is therefore another vital step towards achieving elimination (根除).” 12. What is the purpose of the NHS scheme? A. To test the virus and cure patients with hepatitis C. B. To effectively wipe out the life-threatening disease. C. To boost the life chances of patients by eliminating the virus. D. To detect patients with hepatitis C for early treatment. 13. Who is most likely to be infected with hepatitis C? A. A man who shakes hands with an infected stranger. B. A boy who has breakfast with his infected friends. C. A woman who works with hepatitis C patients every day. D. A girl who happens to transfuse blood donated by infected patients. 14. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The danger of hepatitis B. The advancement of NHS treatments. C. The effects of the programme. D. The urgency of curing the disease. 15. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Hepatitis C is a life-threatening disease. B. NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus. C. Hepatitis C deaths in the UK have declined. D. AI is a new weapon against deadly hepatitis C. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了根据到2030年消灭丙型肝炎这一致命疾病的计划，卫生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第二段“The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late.(英国NHS计划将于几周内在英格兰启动，旨在识别数千名不知道自己感染了病毒的患者，以便在为时已晚之前给予治疗。)”可知，NHS的目的是检测出病人是否感染肝炎，以便尽早治疗。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第三段“Patients who test positive for the virus — which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person, such as by sharing a needle — will be offered antiviral medicines.(将为该病毒检测呈阳性的患者提供抗病毒药物——这种病毒可能通过接触感染者的血液而感染，例如共用针头)”可知，丙型肝炎主要通过血液传播。由此可知，一个碰巧给受感染的病人输血的女孩最有可能感染丙型肝炎。故选D。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“... we will continue to boost the life chances of thousands of patients by catching the virus even earlier(……我们将继续通过更早地感染病毒来提高成千上万患者的生存机会)”，“Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years…(丙型肝炎的死亡率在五年内下降了35%……)”以及“New cases also fell...(新增病例也有所下降……)”可知，第四段主要讲了新计划的优点和影响。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The NHS scheme, due to start within weeks in England, aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus (病毒) so that treatment can be given before it is too late. Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors, such as historical blood transfusions or an HIV diagnosis.(英国NHS计划将于几周内在英格兰启动，旨在识别数千名不知道自己感染了病毒的患者，以便在为时已晚之前给予治疗。工作人员将使用人工智能梳理患者的健康记录，寻找重要的风险因素，如输血史或艾滋病毒诊断)”可知，本文主要讲的是根据到2030年消灭丙型肝炎这一致命疾病的计划，卫生部门负责人将使用人工智能技术来筛查和治疗有患丙型肝炎风险的人。由此可知，B选项“NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus(NHS计划有助于杀死丙型肝炎病毒)”能够概括文章大意。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being a first-year international student at a U. S. college or university can be a little scary — there’s so much to do and remember. ___16___ Here are more first-year tips for international students. Connect With Other Students Before Arrival ___17___. These can be great opportunities to meet a potential roommate and begin finding connections and familiar faces before move-in. Students should also plan to attend other events to meet more students and grow their social circles. Call Home Upon Arrival Students may be excited to start their new life, but family need to know you. arrived safely. Students who forget to contact their parents after arriving could lead to a hurry call to university as parents try to track down their children. ___18___. The reason may be that there will be Wi- Fi at the airport and an Internet connect ion may not yet be set up at your new residence. ___19___ Experts say it’s wise to travel with some cash and have that money changed to U. S. dollars. In addition to getting money changed, a credit card is a must. If your wallet gets stolen, your money will be perfectly safe. It also quietly builds your credit score if you’ re paying back on time. Students typically can get information about setting up a bank account and should do some financial planning to cover all of their expenses. Make Friends With a Variety of Students While international student freshmen may be interested in their own communities, it’s important to branch out and meet a variety of students. ___20___. Students from other countries offer new perspectives, who can offer first-year students great advice and insights on navigating school. Experts also recommend connecting with native U. S. students, who can provide broader exposure to U. S. culture. A. Deal With Financial (金融) Issues B. Carry a Credit Card C. U. S. campuses are known for their diversity D. Contacting family when landing is important E. Call your parents and let them know you are sad F. But a little preparation can go a long way for a successful freshman year G. Universities often organize social media events to connect new students 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给第一年去美国上大学的国际学生提供了一些建议。 【16题详解】 上文“Being a first-year international student at a U. S. college or university can be a little scary — there’s so much to do and remember.(成为美国学院或大学的一年级国际学生可能会有点可怕——有很多事情要做和要记住)”说明第一年去美国上大学的国际学生会面临一些挑战和困难，F选项“But a little preparation can go a long way for a successful freshman year.(但是一点准备就能为成功的大一生活带来很大的帮助)”提出了应对这些挑战和困难的方法，即提前做好准备，同时引出下文的具体建议，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【17题详解】 本段小标题“Connect With Other Students Before Arrival(在到达之前与其他学生联系)”说明本段主要讲述在到达学校之前如何与其他学生联系，G选项“Universities often organize social media events to connect new students.(大学经常组织社交媒体活动来联系新生)”紧承小标题，具体说明了大学如何通过社交媒体活动来帮助新生与其他学生建立联系，同时引出下文“These can be great opportunities to meet a potential roommate and begin finding connections and familiar faces before move-in.(这些可能是遇到潜在室友和在搬入之前开始寻找联系和熟悉面孔的好机会)”对社交媒体活动作用的进一步说明，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 【18题详解】 本段小标题“Call Home Upon Arrival(到达后给家里打电话)”说明本段主要讲述到达后要给家里打电话报平安。D选项“Contacting family when landing is important.(着陆时与家人联系很重要)”与主题一致，同时下文“The reason may be that there will be Wi-Fi at the airport and an Internet connection may not yet be set up at your new residence.(原因可能是机场会有Wi-Fi，而你的新住处可能还没有设置网络连接)”解释了为什么要在飞机着陆后立即给家里打电话，与D项构成因果关系。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Experts say it’s wise to travel with some cash and have that money changed to U. S. dollars.(专家说，带着一些现金并将其兑换成美元是明智的)”和“Students typically can get information about setting up a bank account and should do some financial planning to cover all of their expenses.(学生通常可以获得有关开设银行账户的信息，并应做一些财务规划以支付他们的所有费用)”可知，本段主要讲述如何处理金融问题，A选项“Deal With Financial Issues(处理金融问题)”概括了本段主旨，可以作为本段小标题。故选A项。 【20题详解】 上文“While international student freshmen may be interested in their own communities, it’s important to branch out and meet a variety of students.(虽然国际新生可能对自己的社区感兴趣，但重要的是要拓展并结识各种各样的学生)”说明国际新生应该结识各种各样的学生，C选项“U. S. campuses are known for their diversity(美国校园以其多样性而闻名)”紧承上文，进一步说明了美国校园的多样性，同时引出下文“Students from other countries offer new perspectives, who can offer first-year students great advice and insights on navigating school.(来自其他国家的学生提供了新的视角，他们可以为一年级学生提供关于如何在学校中导航的宝贵建议和见解)”具体说明结识来自不同国家的学生的好处，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分55分） 第一节（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Attending a new school can be a big challenge for any student. ____21____, for 15-year-old Sergio Peralta, he found a group of innovative students who ____22____ his life. In the first days of the new school year at Hendersonville, Peralta tried to cover up the ____23____ fact — his right hand was not fully ____24____ . But a teacher in the engineering program, Jeff Wilkins, eventually learned of the ____25____ and suggested that his engineering students might be able to help out. Though the students were unsure if the idea would work, they didn’t let ____26____ stop them from trying. With ____27____ to online models and a 3D printer, they spent four weeks ____28____ , sizing, and creating a robotic hand for Peralta. Then the students ____29____ it with a game of catch. For the first time, Peralta was able to play catch with both hands. And having lived without one hand for 15 years, he never _____30_____ it. The students also discovered _____31_____ how engineering can be used to make a _____32_____ difference. This ambitious project _____33_____ not only the vision but also the leadership behind the engineering program of Wilkins’ class, which was meant to turn concepts into _____34_____, said principal Bob Cotter. Peralta’s robotic hand bears _____35_____ to the kindness and creativity of the students. 21. A. Stressfully B. Happily C. Obviously D. Secretly 22. A. extended B. saved C. transformed D. shaped 23. A. embarrassing B. amazing C. inspiring D. puzzling 24. A. protected B. copied C. developed D. examined 25. A. opportunity B. potential C. progress D. situation 26. A. laughter B. uncertainty C. fear D. shame 27. A. access B. regard C. priority D. devotion 28. A. proposing B. training C. designing D. displaying 29. A. tested B. measured C. recorded D. improved 30. A. trusted B. expected C. abandoned D. regretted 31. A. comprehensively B. first-hand C. toughly D. single-handed 32. A. practical B. reasonable C. competitive D. social 33. A. adapts to B. begins with C. focuses on D. stands for 34. A. dream B. support C. profit D. reality 35. A. preference B. response C. witness D. reward 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一群富有创造力的工程学专业学生为右手残疾的同学Peralta制作机械手的故事。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于15岁的塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔来说，他发现了一群创新的学生，他们改变了他的生活。A. Stressfully紧张地；B. Happily快乐；C. Obviously显然；D. Secretly秘密地。根据后文学生为他制作了机械手，改变了他的生活，可知这是幸运地。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于15岁的塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔来说，他发现了一群创新的学生，他们改变了他的生活。A. extended扩大；B. saved挽救；C. transformed改变；D. shaped塑造。根据上文“innovative students”以及后文“his life”以及后文学生为他制作了机械手，可知这些学生改变了他的生活，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在亨德森维尔新学年的头几天，佩拉尔塔试图掩盖一个令人尴尬的事实——他的右手还没有完全发育。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. amazing惊人的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文“his right hand was not fully”提到右手残疾，所以是令人尴尬的事实。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在亨德森维尔新学年的头几天，佩拉尔塔试图掩盖一个令人尴尬的事实——他的右手还没有完全发育。A. protected保护；B. copied复制；C. developed发育，发展；D. examined检查。根据后文“And having lived without one hand for 15 years”可知，他的右手还没有完全发育。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但工程专业的老师杰夫·威尔金斯最终得知了情况，并建议他的工程专业学生或许可以帮忙。A. opportunity机会；B. potential潜能；C. progress进步；D. situation情况。根据后文“suggested that his engineering students might be able to help out”指老师了解了他的情况，建议学生去帮忙。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然学生们不确定这个想法是否可行，但他们并没有让不确定性阻止他们去尝试。A. laughter笑声；B. uncertainty不确定；C. fear恐惧；D. shame羞愧。根据上文“Though the students were unsure if the idea would work”可知，他们不确定想法是否可行，即存在不确定性，但他们并没有让不确定性阻止他们去尝试。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了在线模型和3D打印机，他们花了四周的时间为Peralta设计、调整尺寸并制作了一只机器人手。A. access进入；B. regard尊重；C. priority优先事项；D. devotion奉献。根据后文“to online models and a 3D printer”指他们使用了在线模型和3D打印机，access to表示“使用”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了在线模型和3D打印机，他们花了四周的时间为Peralta设计、调整尺寸并制作了一只机器人手。A. proposing提议；B. training训练；C. designing设计；D. displaying展示。根据后文“sizing, and creating a robotic hand for Peralta”可知，制作机械手需要先设计、调整尺寸，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后学生们用一个接球游戏来测试它。A. tested测试；B. measured测量；C. recorded记录；D. improved改善。后文“it with a game of catch”中it指代机械手，推测是通过游戏来测试机械手，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在没有一只手的情况下生活了15年，他从来没有想到会有一只手。A. trusted信任；B. expected预期，预料；C. abandoned抛弃；D. regretted后悔。根据上文“And having lived without one hand for 15 years, he never”可知，他在没有一只手的情况下生活了15年，没有预料自己还能得到一只手。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：学生们还亲身发现了如何利用工程学来产生实际影响。A. comprehensively彻底地；B. first-hand亲自地；C. toughly固执地；D. single-handed单独地。根据上文“The students also discovered”以及学生是自己制作的这只机械手，所以是亲身发现如何利用工程学来产生实际影响。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们还亲身发现了如何利用工程学来产生实际影响。A. practical实际的；B. reasonable合理的；C. competitive竞争的；D. social社会的。根据上文可知，工程学的学生用自己的知识制作了机械手，改变了别人的生活，即产生了实际影响。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：校长鲍勃·科特说：“这个雄心勃勃的项目不仅代表着远见，也代表着威尔金斯班工程学项目背后的领导能力，这一项目旨在将概念变为现实。”A. adapts to适应；B. begins with以……开始；C. focuses on集中；D. stands for代表。根据后文“not only the vision but also the leadership behind the engineering program of Wilkins’ class”指项目背后代表着远见，也代表着威尔金斯班工程学项目背后的领导能力，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：校长鲍勃·科特说：“这个雄心勃勃的项目不仅代表着远见，也代表着威尔金斯班工程学项目背后的领导能力，这一项目旨在将概念变为现实。”A. dream梦想；B. support支持；C. profit利益；D. reality现实。根据上文“turn concepts into”可知，项目把概念变成了现实，即机械手。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：佩拉尔塔的机械手见证了学生们的善良和创造力。A. preference偏爱；B. response回答；C. witness目击，见证；D. reward奖励。根据后文“to the kindness and creativity of the students”可知，机械手的成功见证了学生的善良和创造能力。故选C。 第二节 单句填空（共25个小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 36. What you may not believe was ______ happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你可能不会相信在我们小组开展疟疾疫苗研发研究的初期阶段所发生的事情。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用从属连词what，故填what。 37. From space, the earth looks blue.The reason is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。原因是它的表面大约百分之七十一被水覆盖。固定句型：The reason is that……句中reason作主语后面的表语从句，句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导。故填that。 38. What surprised Xie Lei was _________ she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：让谢蕾感到惊讶的是，仅仅几周之后她就发现自己敢于在课堂上发言了。was后面是表语从句，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用that引导。 39. It’s important ______ Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谢蕾在学业和社交生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，该句it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句，that引导主语从句，只起引导作用，不作任何成分，无实际含义。故填that。 40. However, _________ it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whether 【解析】 【详解】句意：然而，是否有可能培育出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交品种，仍是一个备受争议的问题。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺成分，但根据“a matter of great debate”可知，是否培育出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交品种是一个备受争议的问题，所以用whether“是否”引导主语从句。 41. Yes, it is. And it seemed ________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：确实如此。并且似乎所有理论都有用，但事实是我们无法说服彼此某一种理论优于其他理论。It seemed that…是固定句型，意为“似乎……”，that引导表语从句，不作成分，不可省略。 42. _________ keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【解析】 【详解】句意：阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学农业满足了全球范围内对粮食的巨大需求。“____ keeps them from doing so”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。 43. Today, it is estimated _________ about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：据估计，如今中国国内约60%的大米消费来自袁的杂交品系培育出的作物。固定句型it is estimated that...意为 “据估计……”，it作形式主语，本空引导真正的主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 44. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those _________ drank pure or boiled water. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【解析】 【详解】句意：饮用这种水的人比那些饮用纯净水或煮沸过的水的人感染霍乱的可能性要大得多。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词those，指代the people，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。 45. They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ________ they need an English trainer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 46. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 【答案】whoever 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，be awarded to后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论是谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。 47. Exactly _________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】句意：土豆具体是何时传入欧洲的尚不明确，但大概是1565年前后。空格处引导主语从句，结合后文“it was probably around 1565”可知，此处询问土豆被引入欧洲的时间，连接词在从句中作时间状语，因此填连接副词when。 48. What I really want to know is _________ coat is probably suitable for me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】句意：我真正想知道的是哪一件外套或许适合我。此处引导表语从句，修饰名词coat，表达“哪一个”，用连接代词which。 49. My main reason for s_______(订阅）to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】subscribing##ubscribing 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我订阅《新科学家》杂志的主要原因是想了解科学的最新进展。根据首字母和汉语提示“订阅”可知，此处应填动词subscribe，作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故填subscribing。 50. The report released by the media discloses that human error was _________ (blame) for the accident. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to blame 【解析】 【详解】句意：媒体发布的这份报告揭露人为失误是这起事故的罪魁祸首。此处为固定搭配be to blame，意为“应承担责任、该受责备”，所以此处为to blame。 51. As the sun went down, we _________(cast) long shadows on the lawn. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】cast 【解析】 【详解】句意：当太阳西沉时，我们在草坪上投下了长长的影子。结合从句中went可知此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。 52. The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case wars may break _________. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】out 【解析】 【详解】句意：当局敦促民众储备燃料，以防战争爆发。此处为固定短语break out，意为“（战争、火灾等）爆发”，所以此处为out。 53. She implied that she was the one in ________ (掌控) of the whole project. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】 charge 【解析】 【详解】句意：她暗示她就是掌控整个项目的那个人。“掌控”是名词charge，in charge of是固定短语，意为“负责，掌管”。 54. Politicians are skilled at ________ (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defending 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家们擅长为自己辩护，对抗批评者。此处作介词at的宾语，defend用动名词形式。故填defending。 55. Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get _________(涉及，卷入). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】involved 【解析】 【详解】句意：有些人试图制止这场打斗，但我不想被卷入其中。根据汉语提示“涉及，卷入”可知，此处为动词involve，此处为非谓语动词作表语，“get +过去分词”为固定用法，空处需填过去分词形式involved。 56. Our challenge is _________ (motivate) those voters and inspire them to join our cause. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to motivate 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们的挑战是激励那些选民并鼓舞他们加入我们的事业。此处作表语，说明challenge的具体内容，用不定式to motivate。 57. She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar _________ (surround) with strange people. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】surroundings 【解析】 【详解】句意：她面临着一份新工作，在陌生的环境里和陌生人在一起。形容词unfamiliar修饰名词surroundings，为复数形式，意为“周围环境”，作介词in的宾语。 58. They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further ________ (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthen 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：它们拥有完善的设施和优秀的教授，助力培养能为经济作出贡献、并进一步增强国家实力的年轻人。 句中and连接并列的谓语结构，前面有情态动词will，后接动词原形；所给词strength是名词，意为“力量”，其动词形式为strengthen“增强；巩固”，符合语境。 故填 strengthen。 59. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general _________ (能力). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】 competence##ability 【解析】 【详解】句意：出国留学还可以帮助你获得全球视野，提高你的综合能力。根据汉语提示“能力”及空前的形容词general可知，此处应填名词作动词improve的宾语。competence或ability意为“能力”。 60. He’s a very ________(ambition) young man and he wants to play at the highest level. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】ambitious 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：他是一个非常有抱负的年轻人，他想在最高水平上踢球。句中young man是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词ambition是名词，其形容词是ambitious。故答案为ambitious。 第三节 课文语法填空（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. ____61____ general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, ____62____ holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds ____63____ the universe began at a single point in time and space. The ____64____ (big) champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question ____65____ answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle ____66____ (make) a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory — and not ____67____ steady state theory — was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory ____68____ (prove) by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides ____69____ (be) brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say ____70____ others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid ____71____ (dream) about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight ____72____ his disease. Above ____73____, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd ____74____ (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest ____75____ (think) of the 20th and 21st centuries. 【答案】61. In 62. which 63. that 64. biggest 65. and 66. had made 67. the 68. was proved##was proven 69. being 70. what 71. to dream 72. against 73. all 74. combination 75. thinkers 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述物理学家霍金早年成名的经历并分析了霍金成为天才的多重特质。 【61题详解】 考查介词。句意：总的来说，关于宇宙起源主要有两大理论。固定搭配in general意为“总的来说，大体上”，空处需填介词in，位于句首首字母大写。 【62题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：第一种是稳态理论，该理论认为宇宙没有开端也没有终结。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the steady state theory，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。 【63题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：另一个是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙始于时空当中的一个奇点。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分、语义完整，用连接词that引导宾语从句。 【64题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：稳态理论最主要的拥护者是剑桥大学教授弗雷德・霍伊尔。空处需填形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。 【65题详解】 考查连词。句意：在霍伊尔一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站起来指出霍伊尔的数学计算犯了一个错误。固定短语question and answer period意为“问答环节”，空处需填连词and。 【66题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在霍伊尔一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站起来指出霍伊尔的数学计算犯了一个错误。主句谓语stood up、pointed out是一般过去时；“犯错误”发生在“指出错误”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时had made。 【67题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一旦数学计算被修正，结果表明大爆炸理论而非稳态理论才是正确的。steady state theory前文已经提到过，特指上文出现过的事物，加定冠词the。 【68题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：霍金本人关于大爆炸理论的研究被天文学家借助望远镜证实。主语Hawking’s own work和prove是被动关系，表“研究被证实”；讲述过去发生的事情，一般过去时被动语态was proved/proven。 【69题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了天资聪慧之外，他还很勇敢，尽管言行有时比较随意。句中Besides是介词，后面接be的动名词为being作宾语。 【70题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他敢于说出别人不敢说的话，敢于畅想别人不敢想象的事物。动词say后面接宾语从句，从句中say缺少宾语，指代“说的内容”，用连接代词what。 【71题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，敢于畅想别人不敢想象的事物。固定搭配be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”，空处需填不定式to dream。 【72题详解】 考查介词。句意：这对他作为科学家有所助益，而在他与疾病作斗争的过程中，更是帮了他大忙。固定搭配fight against意为“与……作斗争，对抗”。 【73题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。above all是固定短语，意为“最重要的是，首要的是”。 【74题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些特质奇特的结合让他成为20和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。空处需填名词作主语，combine动词，名词形式combination。 【75题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些特质奇特的结合让他成为 20和21 世纪最伟大的思想家之一。one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”；think动词，其名词thinker“思想家”符合语境，其复数形式是thinkers。 第三部分 写作（共一节，满分15分） 76. 假定你是李华，你校最近开展英语周活动，要举办以“我最崇拜的科学家”为主题的英文演讲比赛，请根据以下要点提示，写一篇演讲稿。内容包括： 1.谁是你最崇拜的科学家； 2.你崇拜的理由； 3.你的感想和希望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear teachers and fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear teachers and fellow students, I am Li Hua from Class 2, Grade 1, and today I’m honored to share with you the scientist I admire most — Yuan Longping. He dedicated his life to hybrid rice research. And his efforts saved countless lives from hunger. His perseverance and innovation spirit inspired me deeply. In addition, his life teaches us that passion and hard work can lead to great achievements. We should learn from him and strive for the progress of science. I hope we can all be as committed as he was and make our own contributions to the world. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以“我最崇拜的科学家”为主题写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣幸的：honored →privileged 努力：effort→endeavor 导致：lead to→bring about 进步：progress→advance 2.句式拓展 句型变换 原句：And his efforts saved countless lives from hunger. 拓展句：And it was his efforts that saved countless lives from hunger. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am Li Hua from Class 2, Grade 1, and today I’m honored to share with you the scientist I admire most — Yuan Longping.（运用了省略关系词的定语从句） 【高分句型2】In addition, his life teaches us that passion and hard work can lead to great achievements.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $