专题05 Unit 5 Into the wild-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理必修一Unit 5及高考高频词汇，通过“语境串记语篇”将12个核心词嵌入自然观察情境，结合词根拆解与词性变化总表，构建“词汇-语境-考点”三维知识网络，引导学生通过语篇复述、词根联想等任务自主梳理词义、搭配及高考考法，形成系统的词汇认知体系。 亮点在于以“自主诊断-精准提升”为路径，设置语境复现语法填空（含2021-2023年高考真题改编）、知识点默写及记忆链复述模板，助力学生自我检测词汇掌握情况。通过关联阅读与写作词汇升级任务，培养学生在真实语境中运用词汇的语言能力和逻辑思维品质，教师可依据学生自测结果实施分层指导，有效提升备考效率。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：charity / monarch / migration / determine / survive / variety / creature / encounter / concentrate / capture / reaction / mystery （知识点来源：必修一 Unit 5 · Into the wild + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____ 姓名:____ 班级:____ 座号:____ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 10 【练习题】 10 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 12 【练习题】 12 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 14 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every autumn a small charity in our town takes us out of the classroom and into the wild. Its favourite lesson is the monarch, a light orange butterfly whose migration covers more than four thousand kilometres. Scientists have worked for years to determine how such a small insect finds the same forest in Mexico, and how it can survive cold nights, strong winds and hungry birds on the way. Along the flight path there is a wonderful variety of plants, and the butterflies stop to feed on them one by one. Last Sunday we walked into the same valley with a camera. Every creature there seemed busy: bees on the flowers, frogs by the water and birds in the tall grass. Our first encounter with the butterflies came at ten o'clock, when an orange cloud rose slowly from the trees. Our teacher told us to concentrate, to stand still and to breathe slowly. I lifted the camera and tried to capture that moment, but my hands were shaking badly. My reaction was simply to laugh and cry at the same time. Why these small wings can cross a whole country is still a mystery to me, and that is exactly why I love the wild. 【中文译文】 每年秋天，我们镇上一家小小的（charity）慈善机构都会带我们走出教室，走进荒野。它最爱讲的一课就是（monarch）帝王蝶——一种轻盈的橙色蝴蝶，它的（migration）迁徙路程超过四千公里。多年来科学家一直努力（determine）测定：这样一只小小的昆虫是怎样找到墨西哥那同一片森林的，又是怎样在寒夜、大风和饥饿的鸟儿之间（survive）存活下来的。沿着飞行路线，生长着种类（variety）繁多的植物，蝴蝶们会一株一株地停下来取食。 上周日我们带着相机走进同一条山谷。那里的每一只（creature）生物似乎都很忙碌：花上的蜜蜂、水边的青蛙、深草里的鸟儿。十点钟，我们与蝴蝶的第一次（encounter）邂逅到来了——一片橙色的云从树间缓缓升起。老师让我们（concentrate）集中注意力，站着别动，慢慢呼吸。我举起相机想（capture）捕捉那一刻，手却抖得厉害。我的（reaction）反应就是又哭又笑。这么小的翅膀为什么能飞越整个国家，对我来说仍是一个（mystery）谜——而这正是我热爱荒野的原因。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：慈善机构带队进野外→认识帝王蝶→四千公里的迁徙→科学家努力测定路线→在寒夜与天敌中存活→沿途植物种类繁多→山谷里每只生物都忙碌→与蝶群的第一次邂逅→老师要我们集中注意力→举起相机捕捉瞬间→又哭又笑的反应→小小翅膀跨越国境仍是谜 记忆链：charity → monarch → migration → determine → survive → variety → creature → encounter → concentrate → capture → reaction → mystery Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善（事业）；施舍；仁爱，宽厚 ⚡考点：a local charity 当地慈善机构；for charity 为慈善；charity begins at home 仁爱始于家；charitable adj. 慈善的 2 monarch /ˈmɒnək/ n. 君主，帝王；帝王蝶（=monarch butterfly） ⚡考点：a constitutional monarch 立宪君主；monarchy n. 君主制；monarch与monk形近易混 3 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁徙；迁移；移居 ⚡考点：the annual migration 每年的迁徙；migrate v. 迁徙；migratory adj. 迁徙的；migrant n. 移民；辨析migrate/immigrate/emigrate 4 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明，测定；左右，直接影响 vi. 决心 ⚡考点：determine to do 决定做；be determined to do 决心做；determination n. 决心；determined adj. 坚决的 5 survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存，生还 vt. 比…活得长；经历…后仍存在 ⚡考点：survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存（后不加in）；survival n. 幸存；survivor n. 幸存者 6 variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 多样性；种类，品种；变种 ⚡考点：a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；a wide variety of 形形色色的；various adj. 各种各样的；vary v. 变化 7 creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物，动物；人；…的产物 ⚡考点：living creatures 生物；a creature of habit 习惯的奴隶；create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的 8 encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶遇；遭遇（困难） n. 邂逅；遭遇；交锋 ⚡考点：encounter difficulties 遇到困难（后不加with）；an encounter with nature 与自然的邂逅 9 concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ vi./vt. 集中（注意力）；浓缩 n. 浓缩液 ⚡考点：concentrate on 专注于；concentrate one's attention/mind on 把注意力集中于；concentration n. 专心 10 capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ vt. 俘获，捕获；夺得；（准确地）表现，捕捉 n. 捕获 ⚡考点：capture the moment 捕捉瞬间；capture one's attention 吸引注意；capture the beauty of 生动展现 11 reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应；回应；化学反应；反作用力 ⚡考点：one's reaction to sth. 对某事的反应（介词用to）；react v. 反应→react to；a chemical reaction 化学反应 12 mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 神秘（的事物）；谜；推理小说 ⚡考点：remain a mystery 仍是个谜；It is a mystery why… …是个谜；mysterious adj. 神秘的；mysteriously adv. 13 monarch butterfly /ˈmɒnək ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 帝王蝶，黑脉金斑蝶（本单元阅读The monarch's journey主角） ⚡考点：整体作名词短语，复数monarch butterflies；常与migration/journey/route搭配 14 flow chart /fləʊ tʃɑːt/ n. 流程图，作业图 ⚡考点：draw/complete a flow chart 画/补全流程图；本单元读写课任务用语；同义表达flow diagram 15 the elements /ði ˈelɪmənts/ n. 恶劣天气；（自然界的）风雨雷电 ⚡考点：brave/battle the elements 迎战风雨；element单数义为“元素；要素”；an element of truth 几分真实 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善（事业）；施舍物；仁爱，宽厚 【核心考点】 charity是公益、志愿服务与人与社会类语篇的高频名词，也是应用文（倡议信、活动通知）的必备词。词性辨析是第一考点：表示"慈善机构、慈善团体"时可数，如a local charity（一家当地慈善机构）、work for a charity（在慈善机构工作）；表示"慈善、施舍、仁爱"这一抽象概念时不可数，如give money to charity（捐款做慈善）、for charity（为慈善事业）、live on charity（靠救济度日）。常见搭配：a charity event/concert/sale（慈善活动/义演/义卖）、raise money for charity（为慈善募捐）、a charity worker（慈善工作者）。派生词：charitable adj. 慈善的；宽容的→ a charitable organisation（慈善组织）、be charitable to sb.（对某人宽容）。谚语Charity begins at home（仁爱始于家）常用作写作亮点句。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语caritas"珍爱；亲爱"（形容词carus"珍贵的、亲爱的"）→ 中古英语charite"基督之爱"→ 由爱而生的救助行为→ 慈善。联想：car(us)"珍爱"→ caress（爱抚）、cherish（珍爱）、charity（慈善），把别人当作珍宝去对待，就是charity的本义。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：charity n. 慈善机构（可数）；仁爱，宽厚。熟义"慈善"之外，charity在新闻与说明文中极常作可数名词指"慈善团体"，如The project was run by a small charity；在文学与议论语篇中还可表示"对他人的宽容与善意"，如judge others with charity（宽厚待人）。2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇正是"可数名词·慈善机构"这一义项的真实考例。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·可数名词作by的宾语指"慈善机构"）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（这个项目是由当地一家慈善机构构想出来的，目的是减少孤独感、提升老年人的幸福感。）（真题原句·charity 慈善机构） 【搭配词块】 a local charity 当地慈善机构 / for charity 为慈善 / a charity event 慈善活动 / charitable adj. 慈善的 2. monarch /ˈmɒnək/ n. 君主，帝王；帝王蝶（monarch butterfly的简称） 【核心考点】 monarch是本单元阅读课文The monarch's journey的标题词，一词两义必须同时掌握：①君主，帝王（尤指世袭的国王、女王），如an absolute monarch（专制君主）、a constitutional monarch（立宪君主）；②帝王蝶，即黑脉金斑蝶，因翅膀呈橙黑相间、如同披着王袍而得名，全称monarch butterfly，复数monarch butterflies。搭配要点：the monarch's journey（帝王蝶的旅程）、a monarch of the sky（天空之王，比喻用法）。派生词：monarchy n. 君主制；君主国→ under a monarchy（在君主制下）；monarchist n. 君主主义者。形近词辨析：monarch（君主）vs monk（僧侣）vs monument（纪念碑），三词都含"mon"但来源不同，需靠语境区分。写作提示：介绍帝王蝶时首次出现宜用全称monarch butterflies，后文再简称monarchs，符合英语避免重复的行文习惯。 【词根联想】 mon(o)-（希腊语monos"单一"）+ -arch（希腊语arkhein"统治"）→ 单独统治者→ 君主。联想：arch"统治"→ monarch（君主，一人统治）、anarchy（无政府状态，无人统治）、hierarchy（等级制度）；mono-"单一"→ monologue（独白）、monotonous（单调的）。帝王蝶橙黑相间的翅膀像王袍，故被英语世界称作"monarch"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：monarch n. 帝王蝶。熟义"君主"之外，在自然科普语篇中monarch特指北美的帝王蝶，如The monarchs begin their long journey south in late summer（帝王蝶在夏末开始南迁的长途旅程）。做题时若上下文出现butterfly、migration、Mexico、wings等词，monarch必取"帝王蝶"义，切不可误译为"君主"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Each autumn millions of monarchs leave Canada and fly south to the same small forest in Mexico."（每年秋天，数百万只帝王蝶离开加拿大，一路向南飞往墨西哥同一片小小的森林。）（经典原句·monarch 帝王蝶） 【搭配词块】 a constitutional monarch 立宪君主 / monarch butterflies 帝王蝶 / monarchy n. 君主制 / the monarch's journey 帝王蝶之旅 3. migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. （动物的）迁徙；（人的）迁移，移居；（数据的）迁移 【核心考点】 migration是"人与自然"主题群下生态、动物行为类语篇的核心名词，近五年高考多次出现。用法要点：the annual migration（每年一次的迁徙）、seasonal migration（季节性迁徙）、a migration route（迁徙路线）、the migration of birds/whales（鸟类/鲸的迁徙）、rural-urban migration（城乡人口迁移）。整个词族都是语法填空的高产考点：migrate v. 迁徙；移居→ migrate south for the winter（南迁过冬）；migratory adj. 迁徙的→ migratory birds/waterfowl（候鸟/迁徙水禽）；migrant n. 移民；候鸟。三词辨析必须分清：migrate（在两地间往返或迁移，中性）、immigrate（从外国迁入本国，in-＝进入）、emigrate（从本国迁往外国，e-＝出去）。写作金句：Migration is not a journey but a promise written in the blood of these creatures。 【词根联想】 migr（拉丁语migrare"迁移；改变居处"）+ -ation（名词后缀）→ 迁移这件事→ 迁徙。联想：migr"迁"→ migrate（迁徙）、immigrant（移入的移民）、emigrant（移出的移民）、migratory（迁徙的）。记忆口诀："i-进（in）、e-出（exit）"，一入一出，方向立辨。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：migration n. （人口的）迁移；（数据、系统的）迁移。熟义"动物迁徙"之外，migration在社会与科技语篇中分别表示"人口流动"和"数据迁移"，如the migration of young people to big cities（年轻人向大城市的流动）、data migration（数据迁移）。此义在图表作文与说明文中出现频率很高。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·migratory作定语修饰waterfowl）"In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival."（1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过，日益忧心的美国采取了坚决行动，制止对迁徙水禽以及对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。）（真题原句·migration 迁徙／migratory 迁徙的） 【搭配词块】 the annual migration 每年的迁徙 / a migration route 迁徙路线 / migratory birds 候鸟 / migrate south 向南迁徙 4. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明，测定；左右，直接影响 vi. 下决心 【核心考点】 determine是高考真题的"常青词"，三大义项都要背熟：①决定；决心，如They determined to set off at dawn（他们决定黎明动身）；②查明，测定（尤用于科研语境），如determine the exact position of the birds（测定鸟群的确切位置）、determine the cause of the accident（查明事故原因）；③左右，直接影响（主语常为抽象事物），如Your attitude determines your altitude。搭配要点：determine to do sth.（一时决定去做，强调动作）vs be determined to do sth.（决心已定，强调状态），这是高考经典易错点；determine + wh-从句/that从句；determine on/upon sth.（决定某事）。派生词：determination n. 决心；测定→ with determination（坚定地）；determined adj. 坚决的→ a determined look（坚毅的神情）；determining adj. 决定性的。 【词根联想】 de-（彻底，完全）+ termin（拉丁语terminus"界限；终点"，即"边界石"）+ -e→ 把界限彻底划定→ 定下来→ 决定；测定。联想：termin"界限"→ terminal（终点站）、terminate（终止）、term（学期→有界限的一段时间）、determine（划定界限→决定）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：determine vt. 左右，直接影响；测定，查明。熟义"决定、决心"之外，determine在科研与议论语篇中表示"是…的决定因素"或"通过测量而确定"，如Genes do not determine everything（基因并不能左右一切）、determine the age of the rock（测定岩石年代）。2021年全国甲卷阅读D篇正是"左右、直接影响"这一生义的真实考例。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·阅读D·否定句中作谓语表"左右、直接影响"）"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."（我们看得越多，就越会发现：性别、种族、阶层这样的社会因素并不能左右天才的出现。）（真题原句·determine 左右；直接影响） 【搭配词块】 determine to do 决定做 / be determined to do 决心做 / determine the cause 查明原因 / determination n. 决心 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存，生还；继续存在 vt. 从…中挺过来；比…活得长 【核心考点】 survive是生态保护、灾难救援与励志类语篇的高频动词，近五年高考反复出现。最大的易错点是及物用法：survive the earthquake/the fire/the winter（在地震/大火/冬天中幸存下来），宾语直接跟，绝不能说survive in/from the earthquake；表示"比某人活得长"时也及物，如She survived her husband by ten years（她比丈夫多活了十年）。不及物用法：Only a few plants survived（只有少数植物存活下来）、survive on very little food（靠很少的食物活下来）。派生词是语法填空的高产点：survival n. 幸存；存活→ the survival of the fittest（适者生存）、a struggle for survival（生存之战）、be vital to one's survival（对生存至关重要）；survivor n. 幸存者；survivable adj. 可幸存的。辨析：survive（在危险后仍活着）vs live（居住；活着）vs exist（存在，无生命色彩）。 【词根联想】 sur-（=super-，在…之上，超过）+ viv（拉丁语vivere"活"）→ 活得比…更久→ 幸存。联想：viv"活"→ vivid（生动的→活灵活现）、revive（复活→重新活）、survive（幸存→活过去）、vital（至关重要的→关乎生命）。本单元帝王蝶正是靠一代代接力才survive了四千公里的迁徙。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：survive vt. 比…活得长；（习俗、建筑等）留存至今。熟义"幸存"之外，survive可表示"比某人／某物存在得更久"，如Few of these old customs survive today（这些古老习俗如今留存下来的已寥寥无几）、The house survived the war（这座房子在战争中保存了下来）。此义在文化遗产与历史类说明文中高频出现。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·survival名词形式作介词宾语）"...an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival."（……日益忧心的美国采取了坚决行动，制止对迁徙水禽以及对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。）（真题原句·survive 存活／survival 生存） 【搭配词块】 survive the winter 熬过冬天 / survive on 靠…活下来 / the survival of the fittest 适者生存 / survivor n. 幸存者 6. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 多样性；种类，品种；变种；综艺节目 【核心考点】 variety是说明文与议论文的"万能名词"，也是写作提分词。两大结构必须分清：①a variety of + 复数名词，意为"各种各样的"，谓语一般随of后的名词用复数，如A variety of birds are found here；②the variety of + 复数名词，强调"多样性本身"，谓语用单数，如The variety of birds here is amazing。常见搭配：a wide/great/astonishing variety of（形形色色的）、varieties of rice（水稻品种）、add variety to（为…增添变化）、for a variety of reasons（出于种种原因）。派生词：various adj. 各种各样的（后接复数名词，不能说a various）；vary v. 变化；不同→ vary from…to…（从…到…不等）、vary in size/colour（大小/颜色各异）；variation n. 变化，变体；variable adj. 多变的 n. 变量。写作金句：Variety is the spice of life（多样性是生活的调味品）。 【词根联想】 vari（拉丁语varius"多样的；杂色的"）+ -ety（名词后缀）→ 花色繁多的状态→ 多样性。联想：vari"变"→ various（各种各样的）、vary（变化）、variable（可变的）、variation（变体）、variety（多样性）。记住：various是形容词、vary是动词、variety是名词，三兄弟常在同一篇语法填空中互换考查。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：variety n. 品种，变种；综艺节目。熟义"多样性"之外，variety作可数名词指"（动植物的）品种、变种"，如a new variety of rice（水稻新品种）、rare varieties of butterfly（稀有蝴蝶品种）；在传媒语境中a variety show指"综艺节目"。此义在农业科技与文娱类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·首句a variety of作介词宾语）"When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife."（当探险者初次踏上北美大陆时，那里的天空与土地上活跃着种类多得惊人的野生动物。）（真题原句·variety 多样性；种类） 【搭配词块】 a variety of 各种各样的 / a wide variety of 形形色色的 / various adj. 各种的 / vary from…to… 从…到…不等 7. creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物，动物；（具有某种特征的）人；…的产物 【核心考点】 creature是"人与自然"主题下描写动植物的核心名词，也是读后续写渲染自然场景的好词。用法要点：living creatures（生物）、sea/wild creatures（海洋生物/野生动物）、strange creatures（奇异的生物）、all God's creatures（一切生灵）；指人时常带感情色彩，如a lovely little creature（可爱的小家伙）、a poor creature（可怜的人）。固定短语是高考亮点：a creature of habit（习惯的奴隶，指墨守成规的人）、a creature of one's time（时代的产物）、creature comforts（物质享受，如温暖的房间、可口的食物）。同族词：create v. 创造；creation n. 创造（物）；creative adj. 有创造力的；creativity n. 创造力；creator n. 创造者。辨析：creature（有生命的个体，强调"被造之物"）vs animal（动物，与植物相对）vs being（生物；存在，如human beings）vs organism（生物体，学术用语）。 【词根联想】 creat（拉丁语creare"创造"）+ -ure（名词后缀，表结果）→ 被创造出来的东西→ 生物。联想：creat"造"→ create（创造）、creation（创造物）、creative（有创造力的）、recreation（娱乐→重新创造精力）、creature（受造之物→生物）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：creature n. …的产物；受某种因素支配的人。熟义"生物"之外，creature可表示"由某种环境或习惯造就的人"，如We are all creatures of our own time（我们都是各自时代的产物）、He is a creature of habit（他是个墨守成规的人）。此义在议论文与人物评论中常见，是词义猜测题的隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The forest at night is full of small creatures that most visitors never see."（夜晚的森林里满是各种小生物，大多数游客一辈子也见不到它们。）（经典原句·creature 生物；动物） 【搭配词块】 living creatures 生物 / sea creatures 海洋生物 / a creature of habit 习惯的奴隶 / creature comforts 物质享受 8. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶遇，邂逅；遭遇（困难、危险） n. 邂逅；遭遇；交锋 【核心考点】 encounter是本单元第二篇课文An encounter with nature的标题词，也是记叙文与说明文的高频词。动词用法：encounter是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，encounter difficulties/problems/opposition（遇到困难/问题/反对），绝不能说encounter with difficulties——但作名词时必须加with，an encounter with a bear（与熊的一次遭遇），这一"动词不加with、名词要加with"的反差正是高考经典陷阱。名词用法：a chance encounter（偶遇）、a close encounter（近距离接触）、my first encounter with English poetry（我第一次接触英语诗歌）。辨析：encounter（偶然相遇或遭遇，语体较正式，常含意外色彩）vs meet（普通的"遇见"）vs come across（偶然碰到，口语）vs run into（撞见，口语）。写作金句：Every encounter with the wild teaches us how small we are。 【词根联想】 en-（使…进入，in）+ counter（拉丁语contra"相对，反对"）→ 迎面撞上→ 遭遇；邂逅。联想：contra/counter"相对"→ contrary（相反的）、contrast（对比）、counterattack（反击）、encounter（迎面相遇）。想象在山路上迎面撞见一只鹰，那一刻就是encounter。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：encounter n./vt. 遭遇（困难、反对）；交锋。熟义"邂逅"之外，encounter在议论与新闻语篇中多指"遭遇不利情况"，如encounter strong opposition（遭遇强烈反对）、encounter serious difficulties（遇到严重困难）；作名词还可指体育或军事上的"交锋、对阵"，如their first encounter this season。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·动名词encountering作表语并列成分）"After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail."（在对全部提交内容编码之后，有六类体验被游客最频繁地视为重要。它们包括邂逅野生动物、沿着水边行走以及沿既有小径徒步。）（真题原句·encounter 邂逅；遭遇） 【搭配词块】 encounter difficulties 遭遇困难 / an encounter with nature 与自然的邂逅 / a chance encounter 偶遇 / a close encounter 近距离接触 9. concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ vi./vt. 集中（注意力、精力）；聚集；浓缩 n. 浓缩液，浓缩物 【核心考点】 concentrate是学习方法、科学观察与心理调节类语篇的高频动词。最核心搭配：concentrate on (doing) sth.（专心于做某事，介词用on，不用in），如concentrate on your homework；concentrate one's attention/mind/efforts on（把注意力/心思/精力集中在）；be concentrated in/around（集中分布于），如Most of the population is concentrated in the east。派生词是语法填空常客：concentration n. 专心；浓度→ with great concentration（全神贯注地）、lose concentration（走神）、the concentration of CO₂（二氧化碳浓度）；concentrated adj. 全神贯注的；浓缩的→ concentrated orange juice（浓缩橙汁）。辨析：concentrate on（主动收拢心神，强调持续投入）vs focus on（聚焦，可指瞬间对准）vs pay attention to（注意到，程度最浅）vs be absorbed in（沉浸其中，程度最深）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ centr（拉丁语centrum"中心"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 一起向中心汇拢→ 集中；浓缩。联想：centr"中心"→ centre（中心）、central（中央的）、eccentric（古怪的→偏离中心）、concentrate（向中心聚拢→专心）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：concentrate vt. 浓缩 n. 浓缩液；concentration n. 浓度。熟义"集中注意力"之外，concentrate在科技与生活语篇中指"浓缩"，如concentrated juice（浓缩果汁）；对应名词concentration表示"浓度"，如a high concentration of salt in the water（水中盐分浓度高）。此义在科普说明文中常考。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Standing perfectly still, the young photographer concentrated on the eagle above the valley."（那位年轻摄影师纹丝不动地站着，全神贯注地盯着山谷上空的那只鹰。）（经典原句·concentrate 集中注意力） 【搭配词块】 concentrate on 专注于 / concentrate one's mind on 集中心思 / with concentration 全神贯注地 / lose concentration 走神 10. capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ vt. 俘获，捕获；夺得，攻占；（准确地）表现，捕捉；吸引 n. 捕获；夺取 【核心考点】 capture是摄影、科考与新闻语篇的高频动词，义项由具体到抽象层层展开：①捕获，俘获，如capture a wild animal（捕获野生动物）；②攻占，夺得，如capture the market/first place（占领市场/夺得第一）；③（用文字、影像）生动表现、捕捉，这是高考最爱考的引申义，如capture the moment（定格瞬间）、capture the beauty of the desert（生动展现沙漠之美）、capture the mood of the times（捕捉时代情绪）；④吸引，如capture sb.'s attention/imagination/heart（抓住某人的注意力/想象力/心）。派生词：captive n. 俘虏 adj. 被俘的→ be taken captive（被俘）、a captive audience（走不开的观众）；captivity n. 囚禁→ in captivity（人工饲养下）；captivating adj. 迷人的。辨析：capture（经努力或使用手段抓住，可用于抽象义）vs catch（普通的"抓住"）vs seize（猛地抓住，突然夺取）vs arrest（依法逮捕）。 【词根联想】 capt（拉丁语capere"抓，取"）+ -ure（名词/动词后缀）→ 抓住→ 捕获；引申为"抓住某个瞬间或神韵"。联想：capt/cept/cip"抓"→ capture（捕获）、captive（俘虏）、accept（接受→拿过来）、receive（收到）、participate（参与→抓住一份）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capture vt. （用影像、文字）准确表现；吸引（注意力）。熟义"捕获"之外，capture在摄影、艺术与写作语境中表示"把某种美或情绪准确记录下来"，如The photo captures the spirit of the wild（这张照片捕捉到了荒野的神韵）；也可表示"吸引"，如The story captured the imagination of readers。此义几乎每年都在阅读与读后续写中出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With one quick press of the button, she captured the exact moment when the eagle spread its wings."（她飞快地按下快门，捕捉到了雄鹰展翅的那一刹那。）（经典原句·capture 捕捉；定格） 【搭配词块】 capture the moment 捕捉瞬间 / capture one's attention 吸引注意 / capture the beauty of 生动展现 / in captivity 人工饲养下 11. reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应；回应；（化学）反应；反作用力；反对，抵制 【核心考点】 reaction是记叙文情节推进与说明文实验描写的关键名词。介词搭配是第一考点：one's reaction to sth.（对某事的反应，介词必须用to），如What was her reaction to the news?；in reaction to（作为对…的反应）；a quick/immediate/strong reaction（迅速的/立即的/强烈的反应）；a chain reaction（连锁反应）；a chemical reaction（化学反应）。动词形式react同样接to：react to sth.（对…作出反应）、react against（反抗、抵制）、react with（与…发生化学反应）。派生词：reactive adj. 反应性的；被动的；reactor n. 反应堆。辨析：reaction（对刺激的即时反应，含生理与心理）vs response（有意识的回应、答复，response to）vs answer（对问题的回答）vs effect（结果、影响）。写作提示：读后续写中"My first reaction was to…"是描写人物瞬间心理的高分句式。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ act（拉丁语agere"做，行动"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 回过来做出的动作→ 反应。联想：act"做"→ action（行动）、active（积极的）、interact（互动→彼此作用）、react（回应）、reaction（反应）。牛顿第三定律"作用力与反作用力"正是action and reaction。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reaction n. 反对，抵制；反作用力。熟义"反应"之外，reaction可表示"（对变革、潮流的）抵制与反弹"，如a reaction against modern art（对现代艺术的抵制）；在物理语境中指"反作用力"，如action and reaction are equal and opposite。此义在议论文与科普文中出现，属高考隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"My first reaction to the sudden noise in the grass was to freeze and hold my breath."（草丛里突然一声响，我的第一反应是僵住不动、屏住呼吸。）（经典原句·reaction 反应） 【搭配词块】 one's reaction to sth. 对…的反应 / in reaction to 作为对…的回应 / a chain reaction 连锁反应 / react to 对…作出反应 12. mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 神秘的事物；谜；神秘性；推理小说，悬疑片 【核心考点】 mystery是科普说明文收尾与记叙文设置悬念的高频名词。核心句式：remain/be a mystery（仍是个谜），如How they find the way remains a mystery；It is a mystery why/how…（…是个谜）；solve/unravel a mystery（解开谜团）；shrouded in mystery（笼罩在神秘之中）；an air of mystery（神秘气息）。可数与不可数都要会：作"谜、神秘事物"可数，a mystery/mysteries；作"神秘性"不可数，an element of mystery。派生词：mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的→ a mysterious disappearance（神秘失踪）；mysteriously adv. 神秘地；mystify v. 使困惑。辨析：mystery（无法解释、引人探究的谜）vs puzzle（需要动脑筋解开的难题）vs problem（待解决的问题）vs secret（有人知道但被刻意隐瞒的秘密）。写作提示：说明文结尾常用"…still remains a mystery, and that is what keeps scientists searching"收束，兼具文采与逻辑。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语mystērion"秘密仪式"（动词myein"闭上眼睛或嘴唇"）→ 只对入会者开启、外人须闭口的事→ 神秘之事→ 谜。联想：myst"闭口、神秘"→ mystery（谜）、mysterious（神秘的）、mystic（神秘主义的）、mystify（使迷惑）。想象要保守一个秘密，就得闭上眼、闭上嘴。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mystery n. 推理小说；悬疑片；（作定语）神秘的。熟义"谜"之外，mystery在文娱语境中指"侦探推理类作品"，如a murder mystery（一部谋杀推理小说）、write mysteries（写推理小说）；还可直接作定语，如a mystery guest（神秘嘉宾）、a mystery shopper（神秘顾客）。此义在广告、书评类应用文中常出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"How these tiny butterflies find the same twelve hillsides every year is still a mystery to scientists."（这些小小的蝴蝶每年如何找到同样那十二片山坡，对科学家来说依然是个谜。）（经典原句·mystery 谜；神秘的事物） 【搭配词块】 remain a mystery 仍是个谜 / solve a mystery 解开谜团 / shrouded in mystery 笼罩神秘 / mysterious adj. 神秘的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 charity charitable (adj.) charities (n.pl.) charitably (adv.) a local charity / for charity monarch monarchy (n.) monarchs (n.pl.) monarchist (n.) monarch butterflies / a constitutional monarch migration migrate (v.) migratory (adj.) migrant (n.) the annual migration / migratory birds determine determination (n.) determined (adj.) determining (adj.) determine to do / be determined to do survive survival (n.) survivor (n.) surviving (adj.) survive the winter / the survival of the fittest variety various (adj.) vary (v.) variation (n.) a variety of / vary from…to… creature create (v.) creation (n.) creative (adj.) living creatures / a creature of habit encounter encounters (n.pl.) encountered (v.) encountering (v.) encounter difficulties / an encounter with nature concentrate concentration (n.) concentrated (adj.) concentrating (v.) concentrate on / with concentration capture captive (n./adj.) captivity (n.) captivating (adj.) capture the moment / in captivity reaction react (v.) reactive (adj.) reactor (n.) one's reaction to / react to mystery mysterious (adj.) mysteriously (adv.) mystify (v.) remain a mystery / solve a mystery Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up by a local ____________ (charitable) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 3.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing ____________ (various) of wildlife. 4.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）In 1934 the nation took firm action to stop the destruction of ____________ (migration) waterfowl and the wetlands around them. 5.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The wetlands along the coast are so vital to the ____________ (survive) of these water birds that they must be protected. 6.（2021全国甲卷·阅读D·改编）Social factors like gender, race and class do not ____________ (determination) the appearance of genius. 7.（2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·改编）The categories most often noted by visitors include ____________ (encounter) wildlife and walking along the edge of water. 8.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (monarchs) butterfly is famous for the four-thousand-kilometre journey it makes every autumn. 9.（2026广东广州·模拟）Thousands of small ____________ (creature) live quietly in the old forest behind our village. 10.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The young photographer ____________ (concentration) on the eagle and forgot everything around him. 11.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）With one quick press of the button he ____________ (capturing) the whole scene above the valley. 12.（2026四川成都·模拟）Her first ____________ (react) to the sudden noise in the grass was to freeze and hold her breath. 13.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The way whales find their path across the wide ocean remains ____________ (mystery) to scientists. 14.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Every autumn these birds ____________ (migration) south in order to look for warmer places. 15.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The nature park is home to ____________ (variety) kinds of wild birds and butterflies. 【答案】 1. eventually 2. charity 3. variety 4. migratory 5. survival 6. determine 7. encountering 8. monarch 9. creatures 10. concentrated 11. captured 12. reaction 13. mysterious 14. migrate 15. various 【逐题解析】 1. eventually — 提示词eventual（形容词）需转副词，与前面improve并列修饰谓语achieve。 2. charity — 提示词charitable（形容词）需转名词，a local后接可数名词单数，意为慈善机构。 3. variety — 提示词various（形容词）需转名词，an astonishing variety of意为“种类繁多的”。 4. migratory — 提示词migration（名词）需转形容词作定语，修饰waterfowl表“迁徙的”。 5. survival — 提示词survive（动词）需转名词，定冠词the后作介词to的宾语表“生存”。 6. determine — 提示词determination（名词）需转动词原形，助动词do not后必接原形。 7. encountering — 提示词encounter需转动名词，与并列成分walking保持结构一致。 8. monarch — 提示词monarchs（复数）需转单数作定语，monarch butterfly为固定名称。 9. creatures — 提示词creature（单数）需转复数，前有thousands of限定须用复数形式。 10. concentrated — 提示词concentration（名词）需转过去式，与并列谓语forgot时态一致。 11. captured — 提示词capturing需转过去式作谓语，全句为一般过去时叙述当时动作。 12. reaction — 提示词react（动词）需转名词作主语，her first reaction to意为“最初反应”。 13. mysterious — 提示词mystery（名词）需转形容词，系动词remains后接表语说明状态。 14. migrate — 提示词migration（名词）需转动词原形，主语these birds为复数用原形。 15. various — 提示词variety（名词）需转形容词，直接修饰复数名词kinds表“各种各样的”。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每年秋天，我们镇上一家小小的____________（慈善机构）都会带我们走出教室，走进荒野。它最爱讲的一课就是____________（帝王蝶）——一种轻盈的橙色蝴蝶，它的____________（迁徙）路程超过四千公里。 多年来科学家一直努力____________（测定）：这样一只小小的昆虫是怎样找到墨西哥那同一片森林的，又是怎样在寒夜、大风和饥饿的鸟儿之间____________（存活）下来的。沿着飞行路线，生长着种类____________（多样性）繁多的植物。 上周日我们带着相机走进同一条山谷。那里的每一只____________（生物）似乎都很忙碌。十点钟，我们与蝴蝶的第一次____________（邂逅）到来了——一片橙色的云从树间缓缓升起。 老师让我们____________（集中注意力），站着别动，慢慢呼吸。我举起相机想____________（捕捉）那一刻，手却抖得厉害。我的____________（反应）就是又哭又笑。这么小的翅膀为什么能飞越整个国家，对我来说仍是一个____________（谜）。 【答案】 charity; monarch; migration; determine; survive; variety; creature; encounter; concentrate; capture; reaction; mystery Part 7 关联阅读 For eleven years Ana Ruiz has followed the same orange cloud. Each October she leaves Toronto, drives south for three days and waits in Mexico. She is not a professor and has never studied at a university. She is a volunteer for a small charity that records the arrival of the monarch butterflies at the end of their annual migration. The journey is over four thousand kilometres, and the insects that begin it never live to finish it. Ana's job sounds simple: she counts. From seven each morning she sits with a notebook and an old camera, noting how many creatures reach the trees each hour. Some mornings the wind is so cold she can hardly hold the pencil, yet she stays until dark. In a good year she counts thousands; in a bad one, only hundreds. The numbers go to scientists in three countries, who use them to determine whether the population is rising or falling. About ninety percent of the data came from volunteers like her. Her patience is what makes the long record possible. The work is not always quiet. Once, while trying to capture a single butterfly, an eagle dropped from the sky ten metres away. "My first reaction was to freeze," she says. "Then I pressed the button." That encounter made the best image of her life, and the charity still uses it online. But she insists the picture is not the point. "The point is that these tiny things survive a journey I could not make in a car." Yet the cold and the wind never keep her away. Why the butterflies find the same twelve hillsides remains a mystery. Chemical signals, the sun and a wide variety of local plants may all help. What is certain is that the forest they depend on for winter shelter is shrinking year by year. Ana says little about that. She simply returns every October, opens her notebook, and concentrates on the sky. "Counting, to Ana, is a kind of promise," she says. "If nobody counts, nobody notices when they stop coming." 1. What do we learn about Ana Ruiz from paragraph 1? A. She teaches biology at a university in Toronto. B. She was born close to the Mexican forest. C. She works for a charity as an unpaid helper. D. She has studied the butterflies for one season. 2. What is the main purpose of the numbers Ana writes down? A. To show how the butterfly population is changing. B. To decide when the small charity should be closed. C. To help tourists choose the best week to visit. D. To compare the weather in Mexico and Canada. 3. What does Ana think of her famous eagle photograph? A. It was actually taken by another volunteer. B. It should no longer be used by the charity. C. It proves that she is a professional worker. D. It matters less than the butterflies themselves. 4. Which word best describes Ana's attitude to her work? A. Doubtful. B. Devoted. C. Relaxed. D. Curious. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段用两句直接界定人物身份——"She is not a professor and she has never worked for a university"（她不是教授，也从未在大学工作过），紧接着"She is a volunteer for a small charity"（她是一家小慈善机构的志愿者），volunteer与C项unpaid helper（不领报酬的帮手）构成同义转换，故选C。A项"在多伦多的大学教生物"与原文的两处否定直接矛盾；B项她住在多伦多的小公寓、每年开车三天南下，并非出生在墨西哥森林附近；D项原文首句明确是"For eleven years"，并非一个季节。 第2题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第二段先交代她逐小时记录抵达树林的生物数量，随后点明数据去向——"The numbers are sent to scientists in three countries, who use them to determine whether the population is growing or falling"（数据被送往三国科学家，用来判定种群在增长还是下降），A项"显示蝴蝶种群如何变化"正是对该句的准确概括，故选A。B项"决定何时关闭慈善机构"文中毫无依据；C项游客选择最佳观赏周属无中生有；D项文中并未把墨西哥与加拿大的天气作比较，只提到清晨风冷。 第3题（观点态度题·高考核心）：第三段先讲鹰突然俯冲、她先僵住再按下快门，这次encounter拍出了她一生最好的照片；但紧接着出现转折句"But she insists the picture is not the point. The point is that these tiny things survive a journey I could not make in a car."（但她坚持说照片不是重点，重点是这些小东西完成了连汽车都难以完成的旅程），可见在她心中蝴蝶本身远比照片重要，D项与之吻合，故选D。A项照片正是她本人所拍；B项原文说慈善机构"still uses it"，她并未反对使用；C项"证明自己是专业人士"与她淡化照片价值的态度相反。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：判断态度需综合全文行为细节：她连续十一年每年十月长途驱车赴约；清晨冷到几乎握不住铅笔仍坚持记录到天黑；不追求照片的荣誉，只在意蝴蝶能否归来；末段更以"Counting is a kind of promise. If nobody counts, nobody notices when they stop coming."（记数是一种承诺，没人数，就没人察觉它们不再飞来）为全文收尾。这些细节共同指向"专注投入、长期坚守"，B项Devoted（忠诚投入的）最贴切，故选B。A项Doubtful（怀疑的）与她的坚持相反；C项Relaxed（轻松的）忽略了严寒中工作的艰辛；D项Curious（好奇的）只能解释起点，无法概括十一年的坚守。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：charity, monarch, migration, determine, survive, variety, creature, encounter, concentrate, capture, reaction, mystery Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Our school raised money for a group that helps poor children in the countryside. → Our school raised money for a ____________ that helps poor children in the countryside. 2. The orange butterfly with black lines is often called the king of the sky. → The ____________ is often called the king of the sky. 3. These birds make a long journey to the south every year before winter comes. → These birds make an annual ____________ to the south every year before winter comes. 4. The scientists worked hard to find out the exact route of the tiny insects. → The scientists worked hard to ____________ the exact route of the tiny insects. 5. Only a few young trees stayed alive after the long and freezing winter. → Only a few young trees ____________ the long and freezing winter. 6. There are many different kinds of wild flowers along this mountain path. → There are a wide ____________ of wild flowers along this mountain path. 7. Many small living things in the forest come out only after the sun goes down. → Many small ____________ in the forest come out only after the sun goes down. 8. My first meeting with a wild eagle happened on a cold morning in October. → My first ____________ with a wild eagle happened on a cold morning in October. 9. During the exam you must put your whole mind on the paper in front of you. → During the exam you must ____________ the paper in front of you. 10. The young man used his camera to record that beautiful moment in the valley. → The young man used his camera to ____________ that beautiful moment in the valley. 11. His answer to the sudden bad news was to stand still and say nothing at all. → His ____________ the sudden bad news was to stand still and say nothing at all. 12. How these small wings cross the ocean is still something nobody can explain. → How these small wings cross the ocean is still a ____________. 【答案】 1. charity 2. monarch 3. migration 4. determine 5. survived 6. variety 7. creatures 8. encounter 9. concentrate on 10. capture 11. reaction to 12. mystery Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：charity → monarch → migration → determine → survive → variety → creature → encounter → concentrate → capture → reaction → mystery 复述模板（填空）： 每年秋天，镇上一家小小的____________（慈善机构）带我们走进荒野；它最爱讲的一课是____________（帝王蝶），这种蝴蝶的____________（迁徙）超过四千公里。 科学家多年来努力____________（测定）它的路线，也想弄清它如何在寒夜与天敌之间____________（存活）；沿途植物种类____________（多样性）繁多，为它提供食物。 山谷里的每一只____________（生物）都很忙碌，十点钟我们迎来与蝶群的第一次____________（邂逅）；老师让我们____________（集中注意力），站定不动。 我举起相机想____________（捕捉）那一刻，手却发抖，我的____________（反应）是又哭又笑；这么小的翅膀何以飞越整个国家，至今仍是一个____________（谜）。 你的复述： ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：charity; monarch; migration; determine; survive; variety; creature; encounter; concentrate; capture; reaction; mystery 复述模板参考版本： Every autumn a small charity in our town takes us into the wild to learn about the monarch, whose migration covers more than four thousand kilometres. Scientists have worked for years to determine how such a small insect finds the same forest, and how it can survive cold nights and strong winds. Along the flight path a wide variety of plants offers it food. Last Sunday every creature in the valley seemed busy, and our first encounter with the butterflies came at ten o'clock. Our teacher told us to concentrate and stand still. I lifted the camera and tried to capture that moment, and my reaction was to laugh and cry at the same time. Why these small wings can cross a whole country is still a mystery to me. 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题05【语境串考点】第五单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：charity / monarch / migration / determine / survive / variety / creature / encounter / concentrate / capture / reaction / mystery （知识点来源：必修一 Unit 5 · Into the wild + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____ 姓名:____ 班级:____ 座号:____ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 11 【练习题】 11 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every autumn a small charity in our town takes us out of the classroom and into the wild. Its favourite lesson is the monarch, a light orange butterfly whose migration covers more than four thousand kilometres. Scientists have worked for years to determine how such a small insect finds the same forest in Mexico, and how it can survive cold nights, strong winds and hungry birds on the way. Along the flight path there is a wonderful variety of plants, and the butterflies stop to feed on them one by one. Last Sunday we walked into the same valley with a camera. Every creature there seemed busy: bees on the flowers, frogs by the water and birds in the tall grass. Our first encounter with the butterflies came at ten o'clock, when an orange cloud rose slowly from the trees. Our teacher told us to concentrate, to stand still and to breathe slowly. I lifted the camera and tried to capture that moment, but my hands were shaking badly. My reaction was simply to laugh and cry at the same time. Why these small wings can cross a whole country is still a mystery to me, and that is exactly why I love the wild. 【中文译文】 每年秋天，我们镇上一家小小的（charity）慈善机构都会带我们走出教室，走进荒野。它最爱讲的一课就是（monarch）帝王蝶——一种轻盈的橙色蝴蝶，它的（migration）迁徙路程超过四千公里。多年来科学家一直努力（determine）测定：这样一只小小的昆虫是怎样找到墨西哥那同一片森林的，又是怎样在寒夜、大风和饥饿的鸟儿之间（survive）存活下来的。沿着飞行路线，生长着种类（variety）繁多的植物，蝴蝶们会一株一株地停下来取食。 上周日我们带着相机走进同一条山谷。那里的每一只（creature）生物似乎都很忙碌：花上的蜜蜂、水边的青蛙、深草里的鸟儿。十点钟，我们与蝴蝶的第一次（encounter）邂逅到来了——一片橙色的云从树间缓缓升起。老师让我们（concentrate）集中注意力，站着别动，慢慢呼吸。我举起相机想（capture）捕捉那一刻，手却抖得厉害。我的（reaction）反应就是又哭又笑。这么小的翅膀为什么能飞越整个国家，对我来说仍是一个（mystery）谜——而这正是我热爱荒野的原因。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：慈善机构带队进野外→认识帝王蝶→四千公里的迁徙→科学家努力测定路线→在寒夜与天敌中存活→沿途植物种类繁多→山谷里每只生物都忙碌→与蝶群的第一次邂逅→老师要我们集中注意力→举起相机捕捉瞬间→又哭又笑的反应→小小翅膀跨越国境仍是谜 记忆链：charity → monarch → migration → determine → survive → variety → creature → encounter → concentrate → capture → reaction → mystery Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善（事业）；施舍；仁爱，宽厚 ⚡考点：a local charity 当地慈善机构；for charity 为慈善；charity begins at home 仁爱始于家；charitable adj. 慈善的 2 monarch /ˈmɒnək/ n. 君主，帝王；帝王蝶（=monarch butterfly） ⚡考点：a constitutional monarch 立宪君主；monarchy n. 君主制；monarch与monk形近易混 3 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁徙；迁移；移居 ⚡考点：the annual migration 每年的迁徙；migrate v. 迁徙；migratory adj. 迁徙的；migrant n. 移民；辨析migrate/immigrate/emigrate 4 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明，测定；左右，直接影响 vi. 决心 ⚡考点：determine to do 决定做；be determined to do 决心做；determination n. 决心；determined adj. 坚决的 5 survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存，生还 vt. 比…活得长；经历…后仍存在 ⚡考点：survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存（后不加in）；survival n. 幸存；survivor n. 幸存者 6 variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 多样性；种类，品种；变种 ⚡考点：a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；a wide variety of 形形色色的；various adj. 各种各样的；vary v. 变化 7 creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物，动物；人；…的产物 ⚡考点：living creatures 生物；a creature of habit 习惯的奴隶；create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的 8 encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶遇；遭遇（困难） n. 邂逅；遭遇；交锋 ⚡考点：encounter difficulties 遇到困难（后不加with）；an encounter with nature 与自然的邂逅 9 concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ vi./vt. 集中（注意力）；浓缩 n. 浓缩液 ⚡考点：concentrate on 专注于；concentrate one's attention/mind on 把注意力集中于；concentration n. 专心 10 capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ vt. 俘获，捕获；夺得；（准确地）表现，捕捉 n. 捕获 ⚡考点：capture the moment 捕捉瞬间；capture one's attention 吸引注意；capture the beauty of 生动展现 11 reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应；回应；化学反应；反作用力 ⚡考点：one's reaction to sth. 对某事的反应（介词用to）；react v. 反应→react to；a chemical reaction 化学反应 12 mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 神秘（的事物）；谜；推理小说 ⚡考点：remain a mystery 仍是个谜；It is a mystery why… …是个谜；mysterious adj. 神秘的；mysteriously adv. 13 monarch butterfly /ˈmɒnək ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 帝王蝶，黑脉金斑蝶（本单元阅读The monarch's journey主角） ⚡考点：整体作名词短语，复数monarch butterflies；常与migration/journey/route搭配 14 flow chart /fləʊ tʃɑːt/ n. 流程图，作业图 ⚡考点：draw/complete a flow chart 画/补全流程图；本单元读写课任务用语；同义表达flow diagram 15 the elements /ði ˈelɪmənts/ n. 恶劣天气；（自然界的）风雨雷电 ⚡考点：brave/battle the elements 迎战风雨；element单数义为“元素；要素”；an element of truth 几分真实 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善（事业）；施舍物；仁爱，宽厚 【核心考点】 charity是公益、志愿服务与人与社会类语篇的高频名词，也是应用文（倡议信、活动通知）的必备词。词性辨析是第一考点：表示"慈善机构、慈善团体"时可数，如a local charity（一家当地慈善机构）、work for a charity（在慈善机构工作）；表示"慈善、施舍、仁爱"这一抽象概念时不可数，如give money to charity（捐款做慈善）、for charity（为慈善事业）、live on charity（靠救济度日）。常见搭配：a charity event/concert/sale（慈善活动/义演/义卖）、raise money for charity（为慈善募捐）、a charity worker（慈善工作者）。派生词：charitable adj. 慈善的；宽容的→ a charitable organisation（慈善组织）、be charitable to sb.（对某人宽容）。谚语Charity begins at home（仁爱始于家）常用作写作亮点句。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语caritas"珍爱；亲爱"（形容词carus"珍贵的、亲爱的"）→ 中古英语charite"基督之爱"→ 由爱而生的救助行为→ 慈善。联想：car(us)"珍爱"→ caress（爱抚）、cherish（珍爱）、charity（慈善），把别人当作珍宝去对待，就是charity的本义。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：charity n. 慈善机构（可数）；仁爱，宽厚。熟义"慈善"之外，charity在新闻与说明文中极常作可数名词指"慈善团体"，如The project was run by a small charity；在文学与议论语篇中还可表示"对他人的宽容与善意"，如judge others with charity（宽厚待人）。2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇正是"可数名词·慈善机构"这一义项的真实考例。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·可数名词作by的宾语指"慈善机构"）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（这个项目是由当地一家慈善机构构想出来的，目的是减少孤独感、提升老年人的幸福感。）（真题原句·charity 慈善机构） 【搭配词块】 a local charity 当地慈善机构 / for charity 为慈善 / a charity event 慈善活动 / charitable adj. 慈善的 2. monarch /ˈmɒnək/ n. 君主，帝王；帝王蝶（monarch butterfly的简称） 【核心考点】 monarch是本单元阅读课文The monarch's journey的标题词，一词两义必须同时掌握：①君主，帝王（尤指世袭的国王、女王），如an absolute monarch（专制君主）、a constitutional monarch（立宪君主）；②帝王蝶，即黑脉金斑蝶，因翅膀呈橙黑相间、如同披着王袍而得名，全称monarch butterfly，复数monarch butterflies。搭配要点：the monarch's journey（帝王蝶的旅程）、a monarch of the sky（天空之王，比喻用法）。派生词：monarchy n. 君主制；君主国→ under a monarchy（在君主制下）；monarchist n. 君主主义者。形近词辨析：monarch（君主）vs monk（僧侣）vs monument（纪念碑），三词都含"mon"但来源不同，需靠语境区分。写作提示：介绍帝王蝶时首次出现宜用全称monarch butterflies，后文再简称monarchs，符合英语避免重复的行文习惯。 【词根联想】 mon(o)-（希腊语monos"单一"）+ -arch（希腊语arkhein"统治"）→ 单独统治者→ 君主。联想：arch"统治"→ monarch（君主，一人统治）、anarchy（无政府状态，无人统治）、hierarchy（等级制度）；mono-"单一"→ monologue（独白）、monotonous（单调的）。帝王蝶橙黑相间的翅膀像王袍，故被英语世界称作"monarch"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：monarch n. 帝王蝶。熟义"君主"之外，在自然科普语篇中monarch特指北美的帝王蝶，如The monarchs begin their long journey south in late summer（帝王蝶在夏末开始南迁的长途旅程）。做题时若上下文出现butterfly、migration、Mexico、wings等词，monarch必取"帝王蝶"义，切不可误译为"君主"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Each autumn millions of monarchs leave Canada and fly south to the same small forest in Mexico."（每年秋天，数百万只帝王蝶离开加拿大，一路向南飞往墨西哥同一片小小的森林。）（经典原句·monarch 帝王蝶） 【搭配词块】 a constitutional monarch 立宪君主 / monarch butterflies 帝王蝶 / monarchy n. 君主制 / the monarch's journey 帝王蝶之旅 3. migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. （动物的）迁徙；（人的）迁移，移居；（数据的）迁移 【核心考点】 migration是"人与自然"主题群下生态、动物行为类语篇的核心名词，近五年高考多次出现。用法要点：the annual migration（每年一次的迁徙）、seasonal migration（季节性迁徙）、a migration route（迁徙路线）、the migration of birds/whales（鸟类/鲸的迁徙）、rural-urban migration（城乡人口迁移）。整个词族都是语法填空的高产考点：migrate v. 迁徙；移居→ migrate south for the winter（南迁过冬）；migratory adj. 迁徙的→ migratory birds/waterfowl（候鸟/迁徙水禽）；migrant n. 移民；候鸟。三词辨析必须分清：migrate（在两地间往返或迁移，中性）、immigrate（从外国迁入本国，in-＝进入）、emigrate（从本国迁往外国，e-＝出去）。写作金句：Migration is not a journey but a promise written in the blood of these creatures。 【词根联想】 migr（拉丁语migrare"迁移；改变居处"）+ -ation（名词后缀）→ 迁移这件事→ 迁徙。联想：migr"迁"→ migrate（迁徙）、immigrant（移入的移民）、emigrant（移出的移民）、migratory（迁徙的）。记忆口诀："i-进（in）、e-出（exit）"，一入一出，方向立辨。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：migration n. （人口的）迁移；（数据、系统的）迁移。熟义"动物迁徙"之外，migration在社会与科技语篇中分别表示"人口流动"和"数据迁移"，如the migration of young people to big cities（年轻人向大城市的流动）、data migration（数据迁移）。此义在图表作文与说明文中出现频率很高。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·migratory作定语修饰waterfowl）"In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival."（1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过，日益忧心的美国采取了坚决行动，制止对迁徙水禽以及对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。）（真题原句·migration 迁徙／migratory 迁徙的） 【搭配词块】 the annual migration 每年的迁徙 / a migration route 迁徙路线 / migratory birds 候鸟 / migrate south 向南迁徙 4. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明，测定；左右，直接影响 vi. 下决心 【核心考点】 determine是高考真题的"常青词"，三大义项都要背熟：①决定；决心，如They determined to set off at dawn（他们决定黎明动身）；②查明，测定（尤用于科研语境），如determine the exact position of the birds（测定鸟群的确切位置）、determine the cause of the accident（查明事故原因）；③左右，直接影响（主语常为抽象事物），如Your attitude determines your altitude。搭配要点：determine to do sth.（一时决定去做，强调动作）vs be determined to do sth.（决心已定，强调状态），这是高考经典易错点；determine + wh-从句/that从句；determine on/upon sth.（决定某事）。派生词：determination n. 决心；测定→ with determination（坚定地）；determined adj. 坚决的→ a determined look（坚毅的神情）；determining adj. 决定性的。 【词根联想】 de-（彻底，完全）+ termin（拉丁语terminus"界限；终点"，即"边界石"）+ -e→ 把界限彻底划定→ 定下来→ 决定；测定。联想：termin"界限"→ terminal（终点站）、terminate（终止）、term（学期→有界限的一段时间）、determine（划定界限→决定）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：determine vt. 左右，直接影响；测定，查明。熟义"决定、决心"之外，determine在科研与议论语篇中表示"是…的决定因素"或"通过测量而确定"，如Genes do not determine everything（基因并不能左右一切）、determine the age of the rock（测定岩石年代）。2021年全国甲卷阅读D篇正是"左右、直接影响"这一生义的真实考例。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·阅读D·否定句中作谓语表"左右、直接影响"）"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."（我们看得越多，就越会发现：性别、种族、阶层这样的社会因素并不能左右天才的出现。）（真题原句·determine 左右；直接影响） 【搭配词块】 determine to do 决定做 / be determined to do 决心做 / determine the cause 查明原因 / determination n. 决心 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 幸存，生还；继续存在 vt. 从…中挺过来；比…活得长 【核心考点】 survive是生态保护、灾难救援与励志类语篇的高频动词，近五年高考反复出现。最大的易错点是及物用法：survive the earthquake/the fire/the winter（在地震/大火/冬天中幸存下来），宾语直接跟，绝不能说survive in/from the earthquake；表示"比某人活得长"时也及物，如She survived her husband by ten years（她比丈夫多活了十年）。不及物用法：Only a few plants survived（只有少数植物存活下来）、survive on very little food（靠很少的食物活下来）。派生词是语法填空的高产点：survival n. 幸存；存活→ the survival of the fittest（适者生存）、a struggle for survival（生存之战）、be vital to one's survival（对生存至关重要）；survivor n. 幸存者；survivable adj. 可幸存的。辨析：survive（在危险后仍活着）vs live（居住；活着）vs exist（存在，无生命色彩）。 【词根联想】 sur-（=super-，在…之上，超过）+ viv（拉丁语vivere"活"）→ 活得比…更久→ 幸存。联想：viv"活"→ vivid（生动的→活灵活现）、revive（复活→重新活）、survive（幸存→活过去）、vital（至关重要的→关乎生命）。本单元帝王蝶正是靠一代代接力才survive了四千公里的迁徙。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：survive vt. 比…活得长；（习俗、建筑等）留存至今。熟义"幸存"之外，survive可表示"比某人／某物存在得更久"，如Few of these old customs survive today（这些古老习俗如今留存下来的已寥寥无几）、The house survived the war（这座房子在战争中保存了下来）。此义在文化遗产与历史类说明文中高频出现。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·survival名词形式作介词宾语）"...an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival."（……日益忧心的美国采取了坚决行动，制止对迁徙水禽以及对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。）（真题原句·survive 存活／survival 生存） 【搭配词块】 survive the winter 熬过冬天 / survive on 靠…活下来 / the survival of the fittest 适者生存 / survivor n. 幸存者 6. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 多样性；种类，品种；变种；综艺节目 【核心考点】 variety是说明文与议论文的"万能名词"，也是写作提分词。两大结构必须分清：①a variety of + 复数名词，意为"各种各样的"，谓语一般随of后的名词用复数，如A variety of birds are found here；②the variety of + 复数名词，强调"多样性本身"，谓语用单数，如The variety of birds here is amazing。常见搭配：a wide/great/astonishing variety of（形形色色的）、varieties of rice（水稻品种）、add variety to（为…增添变化）、for a variety of reasons（出于种种原因）。派生词：various adj. 各种各样的（后接复数名词，不能说a various）；vary v. 变化；不同→ vary from…to…（从…到…不等）、vary in size/colour（大小/颜色各异）；variation n. 变化，变体；variable adj. 多变的 n. 变量。写作金句：Variety is the spice of life（多样性是生活的调味品）。 【词根联想】 vari（拉丁语varius"多样的；杂色的"）+ -ety（名词后缀）→ 花色繁多的状态→ 多样性。联想：vari"变"→ various（各种各样的）、vary（变化）、variable（可变的）、variation（变体）、variety（多样性）。记住：various是形容词、vary是动词、variety是名词，三兄弟常在同一篇语法填空中互换考查。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：variety n. 品种，变种；综艺节目。熟义"多样性"之外，variety作可数名词指"（动植物的）品种、变种"，如a new variety of rice（水稻新品种）、rare varieties of butterfly（稀有蝴蝶品种）；在传媒语境中a variety show指"综艺节目"。此义在农业科技与文娱类语篇中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·首句a variety of作介词宾语）"When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife."（当探险者初次踏上北美大陆时，那里的天空与土地上活跃着种类多得惊人的野生动物。）（真题原句·variety 多样性；种类） 【搭配词块】 a variety of 各种各样的 / a wide variety of 形形色色的 / various adj. 各种的 / vary from…to… 从…到…不等 7. creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物，动物；（具有某种特征的）人；…的产物 【核心考点】 creature是"人与自然"主题下描写动植物的核心名词，也是读后续写渲染自然场景的好词。用法要点：living creatures（生物）、sea/wild creatures（海洋生物/野生动物）、strange creatures（奇异的生物）、all God's creatures（一切生灵）；指人时常带感情色彩，如a lovely little creature（可爱的小家伙）、a poor creature（可怜的人）。固定短语是高考亮点：a creature of habit（习惯的奴隶，指墨守成规的人）、a creature of one's time（时代的产物）、creature comforts（物质享受，如温暖的房间、可口的食物）。同族词：create v. 创造；creation n. 创造（物）；creative adj. 有创造力的；creativity n. 创造力；creator n. 创造者。辨析：creature（有生命的个体，强调"被造之物"）vs animal（动物，与植物相对）vs being（生物；存在，如human beings）vs organism（生物体，学术用语）。 【词根联想】 creat（拉丁语creare"创造"）+ -ure（名词后缀，表结果）→ 被创造出来的东西→ 生物。联想：creat"造"→ create（创造）、creation（创造物）、creative（有创造力的）、recreation（娱乐→重新创造精力）、creature（受造之物→生物）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：creature n. …的产物；受某种因素支配的人。熟义"生物"之外，creature可表示"由某种环境或习惯造就的人"，如We are all creatures of our own time（我们都是各自时代的产物）、He is a creature of habit（他是个墨守成规的人）。此义在议论文与人物评论中常见，是词义猜测题的隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The forest at night is full of small creatures that most visitors never see."（夜晚的森林里满是各种小生物，大多数游客一辈子也见不到它们。）（经典原句·creature 生物；动物） 【搭配词块】 living creatures 生物 / sea creatures 海洋生物 / a creature of habit 习惯的奴隶 / creature comforts 物质享受 8. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶遇，邂逅；遭遇（困难、危险） n. 邂逅；遭遇；交锋 【核心考点】 encounter是本单元第二篇课文An encounter with nature的标题词，也是记叙文与说明文的高频词。动词用法：encounter是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，encounter difficulties/problems/opposition（遇到困难/问题/反对），绝不能说encounter with difficulties——但作名词时必须加with，an encounter with a bear（与熊的一次遭遇），这一"动词不加with、名词要加with"的反差正是高考经典陷阱。名词用法：a chance encounter（偶遇）、a close encounter（近距离接触）、my first encounter with English poetry（我第一次接触英语诗歌）。辨析：encounter（偶然相遇或遭遇，语体较正式，常含意外色彩）vs meet（普通的"遇见"）vs come across（偶然碰到，口语）vs run into（撞见，口语）。写作金句：Every encounter with the wild teaches us how small we are。 【词根联想】 en-（使…进入，in）+ counter（拉丁语contra"相对，反对"）→ 迎面撞上→ 遭遇；邂逅。联想：contra/counter"相对"→ contrary（相反的）、contrast（对比）、counterattack（反击）、encounter（迎面相遇）。想象在山路上迎面撞见一只鹰，那一刻就是encounter。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：encounter n./vt. 遭遇（困难、反对）；交锋。熟义"邂逅"之外，encounter在议论与新闻语篇中多指"遭遇不利情况"，如encounter strong opposition（遭遇强烈反对）、encounter serious difficulties（遇到严重困难）；作名词还可指体育或军事上的"交锋、对阵"，如their first encounter this season。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·动名词encountering作表语并列成分）"After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail."（在对全部提交内容编码之后，有六类体验被游客最频繁地视为重要。它们包括邂逅野生动物、沿着水边行走以及沿既有小径徒步。）（真题原句·encounter 邂逅；遭遇） 【搭配词块】 encounter difficulties 遭遇困难 / an encounter with nature 与自然的邂逅 / a chance encounter 偶遇 / a close encounter 近距离接触 9. concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ vi./vt. 集中（注意力、精力）；聚集；浓缩 n. 浓缩液，浓缩物 【核心考点】 concentrate是学习方法、科学观察与心理调节类语篇的高频动词。最核心搭配：concentrate on (doing) sth.（专心于做某事，介词用on，不用in），如concentrate on your homework；concentrate one's attention/mind/efforts on（把注意力/心思/精力集中在）；be concentrated in/around（集中分布于），如Most of the population is concentrated in the east。派生词是语法填空常客：concentration n. 专心；浓度→ with great concentration（全神贯注地）、lose concentration（走神）、the concentration of CO₂（二氧化碳浓度）；concentrated adj. 全神贯注的；浓缩的→ concentrated orange juice（浓缩橙汁）。辨析：concentrate on（主动收拢心神，强调持续投入）vs focus on（聚焦，可指瞬间对准）vs pay attention to（注意到，程度最浅）vs be absorbed in（沉浸其中，程度最深）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ centr（拉丁语centrum"中心"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 一起向中心汇拢→ 集中；浓缩。联想：centr"中心"→ centre（中心）、central（中央的）、eccentric（古怪的→偏离中心）、concentrate（向中心聚拢→专心）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：concentrate vt. 浓缩 n. 浓缩液；concentration n. 浓度。熟义"集中注意力"之外，concentrate在科技与生活语篇中指"浓缩"，如concentrated juice（浓缩果汁）；对应名词concentration表示"浓度"，如a high concentration of salt in the water（水中盐分浓度高）。此义在科普说明文中常考。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Standing perfectly still, the young photographer concentrated on the eagle above the valley."（那位年轻摄影师纹丝不动地站着，全神贯注地盯着山谷上空的那只鹰。）（经典原句·concentrate 集中注意力） 【搭配词块】 concentrate on 专注于 / concentrate one's mind on 集中心思 / with concentration 全神贯注地 / lose concentration 走神 10. capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ vt. 俘获，捕获；夺得，攻占；（准确地）表现，捕捉；吸引 n. 捕获；夺取 【核心考点】 capture是摄影、科考与新闻语篇的高频动词，义项由具体到抽象层层展开：①捕获，俘获，如capture a wild animal（捕获野生动物）；②攻占，夺得，如capture the market/first place（占领市场/夺得第一）；③（用文字、影像）生动表现、捕捉，这是高考最爱考的引申义，如capture the moment（定格瞬间）、capture the beauty of the desert（生动展现沙漠之美）、capture the mood of the times（捕捉时代情绪）；④吸引，如capture sb.'s attention/imagination/heart（抓住某人的注意力/想象力/心）。派生词：captive n. 俘虏 adj. 被俘的→ be taken captive（被俘）、a captive audience（走不开的观众）；captivity n. 囚禁→ in captivity（人工饲养下）；captivating adj. 迷人的。辨析：capture（经努力或使用手段抓住，可用于抽象义）vs catch（普通的"抓住"）vs seize（猛地抓住，突然夺取）vs arrest（依法逮捕）。 【词根联想】 capt（拉丁语capere"抓，取"）+ -ure（名词/动词后缀）→ 抓住→ 捕获；引申为"抓住某个瞬间或神韵"。联想：capt/cept/cip"抓"→ capture（捕获）、captive（俘虏）、accept（接受→拿过来）、receive（收到）、participate（参与→抓住一份）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capture vt. （用影像、文字）准确表现；吸引（注意力）。熟义"捕获"之外，capture在摄影、艺术与写作语境中表示"把某种美或情绪准确记录下来"，如The photo captures the spirit of the wild（这张照片捕捉到了荒野的神韵）；也可表示"吸引"，如The story captured the imagination of readers。此义几乎每年都在阅读与读后续写中出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"With one quick press of the button, she captured the exact moment when the eagle spread its wings."（她飞快地按下快门，捕捉到了雄鹰展翅的那一刹那。）（经典原句·capture 捕捉；定格） 【搭配词块】 capture the moment 捕捉瞬间 / capture one's attention 吸引注意 / capture the beauty of 生动展现 / in captivity 人工饲养下 11. reaction /riˈækʃn/ n. 反应；回应；（化学）反应；反作用力；反对，抵制 【核心考点】 reaction是记叙文情节推进与说明文实验描写的关键名词。介词搭配是第一考点：one's reaction to sth.（对某事的反应，介词必须用to），如What was her reaction to the news?；in reaction to（作为对…的反应）；a quick/immediate/strong reaction（迅速的/立即的/强烈的反应）；a chain reaction（连锁反应）；a chemical reaction（化学反应）。动词形式react同样接to：react to sth.（对…作出反应）、react against（反抗、抵制）、react with（与…发生化学反应）。派生词：reactive adj. 反应性的；被动的；reactor n. 反应堆。辨析：reaction（对刺激的即时反应，含生理与心理）vs response（有意识的回应、答复，response to）vs answer（对问题的回答）vs effect（结果、影响）。写作提示：读后续写中"My first reaction was to…"是描写人物瞬间心理的高分句式。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ act（拉丁语agere"做，行动"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 回过来做出的动作→ 反应。联想：act"做"→ action（行动）、active（积极的）、interact（互动→彼此作用）、react（回应）、reaction（反应）。牛顿第三定律"作用力与反作用力"正是action and reaction。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reaction n. 反对，抵制；反作用力。熟义"反应"之外，reaction可表示"（对变革、潮流的）抵制与反弹"，如a reaction against modern art（对现代艺术的抵制）；在物理语境中指"反作用力"，如action and reaction are equal and opposite。此义在议论文与科普文中出现，属高考隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"My first reaction to the sudden noise in the grass was to freeze and hold my breath."（草丛里突然一声响，我的第一反应是僵住不动、屏住呼吸。）（经典原句·reaction 反应） 【搭配词块】 one's reaction to sth. 对…的反应 / in reaction to 作为对…的回应 / a chain reaction 连锁反应 / react to 对…作出反应 12. mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 神秘的事物；谜；神秘性；推理小说，悬疑片 【核心考点】 mystery是科普说明文收尾与记叙文设置悬念的高频名词。核心句式：remain/be a mystery（仍是个谜），如How they find the way remains a mystery；It is a mystery why/how…（…是个谜）；solve/unravel a mystery（解开谜团）；shrouded in mystery（笼罩在神秘之中）；an air of mystery（神秘气息）。可数与不可数都要会：作"谜、神秘事物"可数，a mystery/mysteries；作"神秘性"不可数，an element of mystery。派生词：mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的→ a mysterious disappearance（神秘失踪）；mysteriously adv. 神秘地；mystify v. 使困惑。辨析：mystery（无法解释、引人探究的谜）vs puzzle（需要动脑筋解开的难题）vs problem（待解决的问题）vs secret（有人知道但被刻意隐瞒的秘密）。写作提示：说明文结尾常用"…still remains a mystery, and that is what keeps scientists searching"收束，兼具文采与逻辑。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语mystērion"秘密仪式"（动词myein"闭上眼睛或嘴唇"）→ 只对入会者开启、外人须闭口的事→ 神秘之事→ 谜。联想：myst"闭口、神秘"→ mystery（谜）、mysterious（神秘的）、mystic（神秘主义的）、mystify（使迷惑）。想象要保守一个秘密，就得闭上眼、闭上嘴。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mystery n. 推理小说；悬疑片；（作定语）神秘的。熟义"谜"之外，mystery在文娱语境中指"侦探推理类作品"，如a murder mystery（一部谋杀推理小说）、write mysteries（写推理小说）；还可直接作定语，如a mystery guest（神秘嘉宾）、a mystery shopper（神秘顾客）。此义在广告、书评类应用文中常出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"How these tiny butterflies find the same twelve hillsides every year is still a mystery to scientists."（这些小小的蝴蝶每年如何找到同样那十二片山坡，对科学家来说依然是个谜。）（经典原句·mystery 谜；神秘的事物） 【搭配词块】 remain a mystery 仍是个谜 / solve a mystery 解开谜团 / shrouded in mystery 笼罩神秘 / mysterious adj. 神秘的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 charity charitable (adj.) charities (n.pl.) charitably (adv.) a local charity / for charity monarch monarchy (n.) monarchs (n.pl.) monarchist (n.) monarch butterflies / a constitutional monarch migration migrate (v.) migratory (adj.) migrant (n.) the annual migration / migratory birds determine determination (n.) determined (adj.) determining (adj.) determine to do / be determined to do survive survival (n.) survivor (n.) surviving (adj.) survive the winter / the survival of the fittest variety various (adj.) vary (v.) variation (n.) a variety of / vary from…to… creature create (v.) creation (n.) creative (adj.) living creatures / a creature of habit encounter encounters (n.pl.) encountered (v.) encountering (v.) encounter difficulties / an encounter with nature concentrate concentration (n.) concentrated (adj.) concentrating (v.) concentrate on / with concentration capture captive (n./adj.) captivity (n.) captivating (adj.) capture the moment / in captivity reaction react (v.) reactive (adj.) reactor (n.) one's reaction to / react to mystery mysterious (adj.) mysteriously (adv.) mystify (v.) remain a mystery / solve a mystery Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up by a local ____________ (charitable) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. 3.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing ____________ (various) of wildlife. 4.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）In 1934 the nation took firm action to stop the destruction of ____________ (migration) waterfowl and the wetlands around them. 5.（2021新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The wetlands along the coast are so vital to the ____________ (survive) of these water birds that they must be protected. 6.（2021全国甲卷·阅读D·改编）Social factors like gender, race and class do not ____________ (determination) the appearance of genius. 7.（2023新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读D·改编）The categories most often noted by visitors include ____________ (encounter) wildlife and walking along the edge of water. 8.（2026山东济南·模拟）The ____________ (monarchs) butterfly is famous for the four-thousand-kilometre journey it makes every autumn. 9.（2026广东广州·模拟）Thousands of small ____________ (creature) live quietly in the old forest behind our village. 10.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The young photographer ____________ (concentration) on the eagle and forgot everything around him. 11.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）With one quick press of the button he ____________ (capturing) the whole scene above the valley. 12.（2026四川成都·模拟）Her first ____________ (react) to the sudden noise in the grass was to freeze and hold her breath. 13.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The way whales find their path across the wide ocean remains ____________ (mystery) to scientists. 14.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Every autumn these birds ____________ (migration) south in order to look for warmer places. 15.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The nature park is home to ____________ (variety) kinds of wild birds and butterflies. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每年秋天，我们镇上一家小小的____________（慈善机构）都会带我们走出教室，走进荒野。它最爱讲的一课就是____________（帝王蝶）——一种轻盈的橙色蝴蝶，它的____________（迁徙）路程超过四千公里。 多年来科学家一直努力____________（测定）：这样一只小小的昆虫是怎样找到墨西哥那同一片森林的，又是怎样在寒夜、大风和饥饿的鸟儿之间____________（存活）下来的。沿着飞行路线，生长着种类____________（多样性）繁多的植物。 上周日我们带着相机走进同一条山谷。那里的每一只____________（生物）似乎都很忙碌。十点钟，我们与蝴蝶的第一次____________（邂逅）到来了——一片橙色的云从树间缓缓升起。 老师让我们____________（集中注意力），站着别动，慢慢呼吸。我举起相机想____________（捕捉）那一刻，手却抖得厉害。我的____________（反应）就是又哭又笑。这么小的翅膀为什么能飞越整个国家，对我来说仍是一个____________（谜）。 Part 7 关联阅读 For eleven years Ana Ruiz has followed the same orange cloud. Each October she leaves Toronto, drives south for three days and waits in Mexico. She is not a professor and has never studied at a university. She is a volunteer for a small charity that records the arrival of the monarch butterflies at the end of their annual migration. The journey is over four thousand kilometres, and the insects that begin it never live to finish it. Ana's job sounds simple: she counts. From seven each morning she sits with a notebook and an old camera, noting how many creatures reach the trees each hour. Some mornings the wind is so cold she can hardly hold the pencil, yet she stays until dark. In a good year she counts thousands; in a bad one, only hundreds. The numbers go to scientists in three countries, who use them to determine whether the population is rising or falling. About ninety percent of the data came from volunteers like her. Her patience is what makes the long record possible. The work is not always quiet. Once, while trying to capture a single butterfly, an eagle dropped from the sky ten metres away. "My first reaction was to freeze," she says. "Then I pressed the button." That encounter made the best image of her life, and the charity still uses it online. But she insists the picture is not the point. "The point is that these tiny things survive a journey I could not make in a car." Yet the cold and the wind never keep her away. Why the butterflies find the same twelve hillsides remains a mystery. Chemical signals, the sun and a wide variety of local plants may all help. What is certain is that the forest they depend on for winter shelter is shrinking year by year. Ana says little about that. She simply returns every October, opens her notebook, and concentrates on the sky. "Counting, to Ana, is a kind of promise," she says. "If nobody counts, nobody notices when they stop coming." 1. What do we learn about Ana Ruiz from paragraph 1? A. She teaches biology at a university in Toronto. B. She was born close to the Mexican forest. C. She works for a charity as an unpaid helper. D. She has studied the butterflies for one season. 2. What is the main purpose of the numbers Ana writes down? A. To show how the butterfly population is changing. B. To decide when the small charity should be closed. C. To help tourists choose the best week to visit. D. To compare the weather in Mexico and Canada. 3. What does Ana think of her famous eagle photograph? A. It was actually taken by another volunteer. B. It should no longer be used by the charity. C. It proves that she is a professional worker. D. It matters less than the butterflies themselves. 4. Which word best describes Ana's attitude to her work? A. Doubtful. B. Devoted. C. Relaxed. D. Curious. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：charity, monarch, migration, determine, survive, variety, creature, encounter, concentrate, capture, reaction, mystery Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. Our school raised money for a group that helps poor children in the countryside. → Our school raised money for a ____________ that helps poor children in the countryside. 2. The orange butterfly with black lines is often called the king of the sky. → The ____________ is often called the king of the sky. 3. These birds make a long journey to the south every year before winter comes. → These birds make an annual ____________ to the south every year before winter comes. 4. The scientists worked hard to find out the exact route of the tiny insects. → The scientists worked hard to ____________ the exact route of the tiny insects. 5. Only a few young trees stayed alive after the long and freezing winter. → Only a few young trees ____________ the long and freezing winter. 6. There are many different kinds of wild flowers along this mountain path. → There are a wide ____________ of wild flowers along this mountain path. 7. Many small living things in the forest come out only after the sun goes down. → Many small ____________ in the forest come out only after the sun goes down. 8. My first meeting with a wild eagle happened on a cold morning in October. → My first ____________ with a wild eagle happened on a cold morning in October. 9. During the exam you must put your whole mind on the paper in front of you. → During the exam you must ____________ the paper in front of you. 10. The young man used his camera to record that beautiful moment in the valley. → The young man used his camera to ____________ that beautiful moment in the valley. 11. His answer to the sudden bad news was to stand still and say nothing at all. → His ____________ the sudden bad news was to stand still and say nothing at all. 12. How these small wings cross the ocean is still something nobody can explain. → How these small wings cross the ocean is still a ____________. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：charity → monarch → migration → determine → survive → variety → creature → encounter → concentrate → capture → reaction → mystery 复述模板（填空）： 每年秋天，镇上一家小小的____________（慈善机构）带我们走进荒野；它最爱讲的一课是____________（帝王蝶），这种蝴蝶的____________（迁徙）超过四千公里。 科学家多年来努力____________（测定）它的路线，也想弄清它如何在寒夜与天敌之间____________（存活）；沿途植物种类____________（多样性）繁多，为它提供食物。 山谷里的每一只____________（生物）都很忙碌，十点钟我们迎来与蝶群的第一次____________（邂逅）；老师让我们____________（集中注意力），站定不动。 我举起相机想____________（捕捉）那一刻，手却发抖，我的____________（反应）是又哭又笑；这么小的翅膀何以飞越整个国家，至今仍是一个____________（谜）。 你的复述： ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $