专题06 Unit 6 At one with nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第一册

2026-08-07
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版必修第一册
年级 高三
章节 Unit 6 At One with Nature
类型 学案
知识点 词汇
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 159 KB
发布时间 2026-08-07
更新时间 2026-08-07
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-08-06
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价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦必修一Unit 6“人与自然”主题,系统整合terrace、dynasty等12个高考高频词汇,通过“语境串记语篇”(龙脊梯田)构建词汇内在联系,结合知识点列表、词根拆解等模块,引导学生从语篇理解到词形、词义、用法的分层梳理,形成结构化知识网络,培养语言能力。 亮点在于语境化自主学习设计,如“语境复现练习”融入真题改编语法填空,“知识点默写”通过语篇补全强化词汇运用,“记忆链复述”助力自我检测。融入龙脊梯田等中国文化元素,提升文化意识,分层任务设计支持学生自主诊断与提升,为教师因材施教提供精准学情参考,有效培养自主复习能力。

内容正文:

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案(外研版2019) 高考高频知识点:terrace / dynasty / region / steep / shallow / harmony / agriculture / prevent / structure / channel / benefit / system (知识点来源:必修一 Unit 6 · At one with nature + 高考高频知识点) 学校:____ 姓名:____ 班级:____ 座号:____ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 11 【练习题】 11 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In the north-east of Guangxi there is a green hillside that looks like a huge flight of stairs. People call it the Longji Rice Terraces. The first field was cut into the mountain during the Yuan dynasty, and farmers of this mountain region went on building for more than six hundred years. The slopes here are very steep, so every field is narrow and the water lying on it is shallow. Living in harmony with the mountain is the first rule of local agriculture. Trees on the hilltop hold the summer rain and prevent the soil from being washed away. The structure of the whole hillside works like a ladder: water runs out of the forest into small stone channels, and then falls quietly from one field to the next. Every family benefits from the same water, so nobody wastes a drop. Today this thousand-year-old system still feeds the villages below, and every autumn visitors come to watch the golden steps shining in the sun. 【中文译文】 在广西东北部有一面绿色的山坡,看上去像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊梯田(terrace)。第一块田是在元朝(dynasty)时凿进山里的,这片山区(region)的农人此后又修建了六百多年。这里的山坡非常陡峭(steep),所以每一块田都很窄,田里积着的水也很浅(shallow)。 与大山和谐(harmony)共处,是当地农业(agriculture)的第一条规矩。山顶的树木留住夏天的雨水,防止(prevent)泥土被冲走。整面山坡的结构(structure)就像一架梯子:水从林中流入一条条小石渠(channel),再从一块田静静地落到下一块田。每一户人家都从同一股水中受益(benefit),所以没有人浪费一滴水。今天,这套千年的系统(system)依然养活着山下的村庄,每年秋天都有游客前来观看金色的阶梯在阳光下闪耀。 💡 语境串联记忆线索:山坡梯田→始于元朝→山区农人→坡陡田窄→田水浅浅→与山和谐→当地农业→树根固土防冲刷→梯状结构→石渠引水→户户受益→千年系统 记忆链:terrace → dynasty → region → steep → shallow → harmony → agriculture → prevent → structure → channel → benefit → system Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点: 1 terrace /ˈterəs/ n. 梯田;露台,平台;(英)排屋;(球场)阶梯看台 vt. 使成梯田 ⚡考点:rice terraces 梯田;terraced fields 梯田;on the terrace 在露台上;terraced house 联排房屋 2 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝;(长期统治的)家族 ⚡考点:the Tang/Ming Dynasty 唐/明朝(大写加the);during the Qing Dynasty 清朝时期;found a dynasty 建立王朝;dynastic adj. 王朝的 3 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区,区域;地带;(身体的)部位 ⚡考点:in this region 在这一地区;a mountainous region 山区;regional adj. 地区的;in the region of ≈about 大约 4 steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;急剧的;(价格)过高的 vt. 浸泡 ⚡考点:a steep slope 陡坡;a steep rise 急剧上升;steeply adv. 陡峭地;be steeped in history 充满历史气息 5 shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj. 浅的;肤浅的,浅薄的 n.(常pl.)浅水处 ⚡考点:shallow water 浅水;a shallow dish 浅盘;a shallow person 浅薄的人;反义词deep;shallowness n. 浅薄 6 harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐,融洽;协调;(音乐)和声 ⚡考点:in harmony with 与…和谐一致;live in harmony 和睦相处;social harmony 社会和谐;harmonious adj. 和谐的 7 agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业;农学(不可数) ⚡考点:modern/organic agriculture 现代/有机农业;be engaged in agriculture 从事农业;agricultural adj. → agricultural products 农产品 8 prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止;防止;预防 ⚡考点:prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做(主动语态from可省,被动不可省);prevent disease 预防疾病;prevention n. 预防 9 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构;构造;建筑物;体系 vt. 组织;构建 ⚡考点:the structure of …的结构;a steel structure 钢结构建筑;sentence structure 句子结构;structural adj. 结构上的 10 channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 水渠;水道;海峡;频道;途径 vt. 引导 ⚡考点:an irrigation channel 灌溉渠;through official channels 通过官方渠道;the English Channel 英吉利海峡;辨析channel/canal 11 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. 好处,益处;救济金 v. 有益于;受益 ⚡考点:benefit from 从…受益;benefit sb. 有益于某人;be beneficial to 对…有益;for the benefit of 为了…的利益 12 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;制度,体制;身体;条理 ⚡考点:an irrigation system 灌溉系统;the solar system 太阳系;the education system 教育制度;systematic adj. 有条理的 13 green fingers /ˌɡriːn ˈfɪŋɡəz/ n. 园艺才能;侍弄花草的本领(英式,美式作green thumb) ⚡考点:have green fingers 擅长园艺;green-fingered adj. 精于园艺的;本单元A love of gardening 主题词块 14 flavour/flavor /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n. 味道;风味;特色 vt. 给…调味(flavour英式/flavor美式,同词异拼) ⚡考点:add flavour to 给…增添风味;of different flavours 不同口味的;flavoured adj. 有…味的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. terrace /ˈterəs/ n. 梯田;(房屋外的)露台,平台;(英)排屋;(体育场的)阶梯看台 vt. 把…修成梯田 【核心考点】 terrace是本单元Longji Rice Terraces一课的核心名词,也是"人与自然""中国文化走出去"两大主题语篇的高频词。四大义项分层记忆:①梯田(多用复数)→ rice terraces(水稻梯田)、the Longji Rice Terraces(龙脊梯田)、cut terraces into a hillside(在山坡上开出梯田);②(房屋外的)露台、平台→ sit on the terrace(坐在露台上)、a roof terrace(屋顶平台);③(英)一排相连的房子→ live in a terrace;④(球场的)阶梯看台→ stand on the terraces。动词用法:terrace a slope(把坡地修成梯田)。派生词:terraced adj. 梯田式的;成排相连的→ terraced fields(梯田)、a terraced house(联排住宅);terracing n. 梯田结构;阶梯看台。辨析:terrace(依山开凿出的阶梯状平地)vs balcony(楼房外挑出的阳台)vs platform(平台;月台)vs plateau(高原,地理概念)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语terra"土地;泥土"→ 古法语terrasse"堆起的土台"→ 一层层堆起的土地→ 梯田;露台。联想:terr"土地"→ territory(领土)、terrain(地形)、terrestrial(陆地的)、extraterrestrial(外星的→地球之外的)、Mediterranean(地中海→大地中间的海)、terrace(梯田)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:terrace n. (英)排屋,一排相连的房子;(球场的)阶梯看台。熟义"梯田、露台"之外,terrace在英式英语中指沿街相连的一整排住宅,如a Victorian terrace(维多利亚式联排住宅);复数the terraces则指足球场上供站立观众使用的阶梯看台,如The fans sang on the terraces。此义在英国生活类记叙文与体育报道中常见,是词义猜测题的隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The Longji Rice Terraces climb the hillside like a giant staircase cut into the earth, and the highest field lies almost among the clouds."(龙脊梯田沿着山坡层层而上,宛如一段凿进大地的巨大阶梯,最高的一块田几乎伸进云里。)(经典原句·terrace 梯田) 【搭配词块】 rice terraces 梯田 / terraced fields 梯田 / on the terrace 在露台上 / a terraced house 联排住宅 2. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝;(长期掌权的)家族 【核心考点】 dynasty是中国文化类语篇(文物、建筑、饮食、非遗、传统技艺)的必备名词,近年高考阅读与语法填空中出现率极高。用法要点:①朝代名前必须加定冠词the,且朝代名与Dynasty首字母都大写→ the Tang Dynasty(唐朝)、the Song Dynasty(宋朝)、the Ming Dynasty(明朝)、the Qing Dynasty(清朝);②表示"在某朝代"用during/in→ during the Han Dynasty(汉朝时期);③date back to the Tang Dynasty(可追溯到唐朝)、be built in the Yuan Dynasty(建于元朝);④found/establish a dynasty(建立王朝)、the rise and fall of a dynasty(王朝兴衰)。派生词:dynastic adj. 王朝的;朝代的→ dynastic history(朝代史)。辨析:dynasty(由同一家族世代相继统治的朝代)vs empire(帝国,侧重疆域与政权形态)vs reign(某一位君主在位的时期)vs era/age(时代,跨度更大且不限于王朝)。 【词根联想】 希腊语dynasteia"权力;统治",源自dynasthai"能够;有力量"→ 掌握权力的家族→ 王朝。联想:dyna"力量"→ dynamic(有活力的)、dynamics(动力学)、dynamite(炸药)、dynamo(发电机)、dynasty(王朝→有权势的家族)。记忆口诀:有力量(dyna)的家族,坐得住一个朝代。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:dynasty n. (体育、商业上长期称霸的)豪门;王朝。熟义"朝代"之外,英美媒体常用dynasty比喻在某一领域长期统治的团队或家族企业,如a basketball dynasty(篮球王朝)、a media dynasty(传媒豪门)。此义在体育与商业类新闻报道中高频出现,考生若只记"朝代"义极易误读。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The first fields were cut into the mountain during the Yuan Dynasty, and the villagers have never really stopped building since then."(第一批梯田是在元朝时凿进山里的,此后村民们其实从未真正停止修建。)(经典原句·dynasty 朝代;王朝) 【搭配词块】 the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 / during the Ming Dynasty 明朝时期 / date back to the … Dynasty 可追溯到…朝 / dynastic adj. 王朝的 3. region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区,区域;地带;(身体的)部位 【核心考点】 region是地理、生态、经济类说明文的高频名词,指"面积较大、具有共同自然或行政特征的地区"。搭配:in this region(在这一地区)、a mountainous/coastal/desert region(山区/沿海地区/沙漠地带)、the western region of China(中国西部地区)、throughout the region(整个地区)。派生家族是语法填空的高产考点:regional adj. 地区的;区域性的→ regional differences/culture/economy(地区差异/地域文化/区域经济);regionally adv. 在地区层面上。辨析四兄弟是高考重点:region(面积大、特征统一的地区,可跨行政边界)vs area(最普通的"地区、面积",大小不限)vs district(行政区划的"区",或城市中的功能片区,如the business district)vs zone(因某种用途或特点划出的地带,如a time zone 时区、an ecological buffer zone 生态缓冲区)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语regere"统治;管理"→ regio"方向;辖区"→ 被划出来加以管辖的一片土地→ 地区。联想:reg/rect"统治;正"→ regime(政权)、regular(规则的)、regulate(管理)、reign(统治)、royal/regal(王的)、direct(指导)、region(地区)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:in the region of 大约,接近(=about)。熟义"地区"之外,region用于in the region of这一固定短语时表示数量上的约数,如The house cost in the region of two million yuan(这套房子大约花了两百万元)。此外region还可指身体部位,如pain in the chest region(胸部疼痛)。这两个用法在阅读中出现时极易被误解为"地区",是词义猜测题的经典陷阱。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Rice has been the main crop of this mountain region for centuries, and every family knows exactly when the rain will come."(几百年来,水稻一直是这一山区的主要作物,家家户户都清楚雨水何时到来。)(经典原句·region 地区;区域) 【搭配词块】 in this region 在这一地区 / a mountainous region 山区 / regional differences 地区差异 / in the region of 大约 4. steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;(涨落)急剧的;(价格)过高的 vt. 浸泡;使浸透 【核心考点】 steep既是地貌描写的关键形容词,也是数据类说明文描述"急剧变化"的高分词。①陡峭的→ a steep slope/hill/path/cliff(陡坡/陡峭的山/陡峭的小路/峭壁)、a steep climb(一段陡峭的攀爬);②(增减)急剧的→ a steep rise/fall/increase/decline in prices(价格急剧上涨/下跌),此义与sharp近义,可替换greatly增强表现力;③(价格)过高的、离谱的→ Ten yuan for a bottle of water is a bit steep。派生词:steeply adv. 陡峭地;急剧地→ The road rises steeply/Prices have risen steeply;steepness n. 陡度;steepen v. 变陡。辨析:steep(坡度大,强调倾斜程度)vs sharp(急剧的;锋利的,可修饰转折与变化)vs abrupt(突然的,强调没有过渡)vs gradual(渐进的,反义词)。 【词根联想】 古英语stēap"高耸的;陡峭的",与stoop(弯腰俯身)同源→ 一头高高竖起、另一头俯冲而下→ 陡峭。联想:steep与step(台阶)仅一字母之差:越是陡峭(steep)的山坡,越要一级台阶(step)一级台阶地走上去——龙脊梯田正是这一联想的最佳画面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:steep vt. 浸泡;使浸透;adj. (价格)过高的。熟义"陡峭"之外,steep作动词表示"把…浸在液体里",如steep the tea leaves in hot water(用热水泡茶叶);被动短语be steeped in表示"充满、沉浸于(历史、传统等)",如The old town is steeped in history(这座古镇充满历史气息)。作形容词修饰价格时表示"贵得离谱"。这两个义项在文化类与生活类阅读中都出现过,是词义猜测题的高频设点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The slope is so steep that the farmers have to carry every basket of earth up the hill on their own backs."(这面山坡太陡了,农人只能靠自己的背,把一筐一筐的泥土背上山去。)(经典原句·steep 陡峭的) 【搭配词块】 a steep slope 陡坡 / a steep rise 急剧上升 / steeply adv. 陡峭地;急剧地 / be steeped in history 充满历史气息 5. shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj. 浅的;(呼吸)微弱的;肤浅的,浅薄的 n.(常用复数)浅水处,浅滩 【核心考点】 shallow是地貌与人物评价双线并用的形容词,反义词是deep。①(深度)浅的→ shallow water(浅水)、the shallow end of the pool(泳池浅水区)、a shallow dish/bowl(浅盘/浅碗)、a shallow layer of soil(薄薄一层土);②(呼吸)浅而弱的→ shallow breathing;③(思想、为人)肤浅的、浅薄的→ a shallow argument(站不住脚的论点)、a shallow person(浅薄的人)。名词the shallows指"浅水区、浅滩"。派生词:shallowly adv. 浅浅地;shallowness n. 浅;肤浅。辨析:shallow(物理深度小;也指见识不深,含贬义)vs superficial(表面的;肤浅的,语体更正式,多修饰knowledge/understanding)vs slight(轻微的,指程度)vs deep(深的,反义)。 【词根联想】 与shoal(浅滩;鱼群)同源,古英语sceald"浅的"→ 水不深→ 引申为思想没有深度。联想:shallow中藏着allow——水浅(shallow)才allow(允许)人涉水而过;而思想浅薄的人,也只允许自己停留在事情的表面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:shallow adj. 肤浅的;浅薄的(指人、想法或作品)。熟义"(水)浅"之外,shallow在议论文与人物评价中常带明显贬义,指缺乏深度与内涵,如a shallow understanding of the problem(对问题的肤浅理解)、Don't be so shallow as to judge people by their clothes(别肤浅到以衣取人)。此义是读后续写与观点态度题中的高频用词。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The water lying on each field is only a few centimetres deep, and this shallow layer keeps the young rice warm at night."(每块田里积着的水只有几厘米深,而正是这浅浅的一层水在夜里为幼苗保温。)(经典原句·shallow 浅的) 【搭配词块】 shallow water 浅水 / a shallow dish 浅盘 / a shallow person 浅薄的人 / the shallows 浅水处 6. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐,融洽;协调一致;(音乐)和声,和音 【核心考点】 harmony是"人与自然""人与社会"两大主题写作的顶级高分词,本单元标题At one with nature(与自然融为一体)正是live in harmony with nature的同义表达。核心搭配:in harmony with sth.(与…和谐一致)、live/work in harmony(和睦相处/融洽共事)、be in perfect harmony(完全协调)、social harmony(社会和谐)、bring sth. into harmony with(使…与…协调)、the harmony between man and nature(天人和谐)。派生家族是语法填空高产点:harmonious adj. 和谐的;融洽的→ a harmonious relationship/society;harmoniously adv. 和谐地;harmonise/harmonize v. 使协调一致;disharmony n. 不和谐。辨析:harmony(多方共存而互不冲突,强调整体协调之美)vs peace(和平;安宁,强调无战争无争吵)vs balance(平衡,强调力量对等)vs unity(统一,强调合为一体)。写作金句:Only when we live in harmony with nature can nature reward us in return. 【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"接合;协调",源自harmos"接头;榫卯"→ 各部分严丝合缝地接在一起→ 和谐;音乐上各音相合→ 和声。联想:注意区分harmony(和谐)与harm(伤害)——两词形近而义反,可编口诀"和谐(harmony)之处,无人受伤(harm)",这正是龙脊梯田千年不塌的秘密。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:harmony n. (音乐)和声;和音。熟义"和谐"之外,harmony在音乐语境中是专业术语,指同时发出的若干乐音的协调组合,如sing in harmony(用和声演唱)、three-part harmony(三声部和声)。此义常出现在艺术类阅读与人物访谈中,与"和睦相处"的抽象义相互印证:和声之美,正是"各不相同却彼此相合"。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"For more than a thousand years the villagers have lived in harmony with the mountain, taking from it only what the forest can give back."(一千多年来,村民们一直与这座山和谐共处,只向它索取森林能够回馈的那一份。)(经典原句·harmony 和谐;融洽) 【搭配词块】 in harmony with 与…和谐一致 / live in harmony 和睦相处 / social harmony 社会和谐 / harmonious adj. 和谐的 7. agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业;农学(不可数名词) 【核心考点】 agriculture是生态、粮食安全、乡村振兴、科技兴农类说明文的核心名词,不可数,一般不加冠词也不加s。搭配:modern/traditional/organic agriculture(现代/传统/有机农业)、the development of agriculture(农业的发展)、be engaged in agriculture(从事农业)、depend on agriculture(依靠农业)、sustainable agriculture(可持续农业)。派生家族是语法填空的必考转换点:agricultural adj. 农业的→ agricultural products/production/technology/machinery(农产品/农业生产/农业技术/农业机械);agriculturally adv. 在农业上;agriculturalist n. 农学家。辨析:agriculture(农业整体,涵盖种植业与畜牧业,抽象概念)vs farming(务农、耕作,指具体的生产活动,可数性更强)vs crop(农作物,指具体的作物或收成)vs harvest(收获;收成)。写作中把"农业"写成agriculture而非farming,可显著提升语体的正式度。 【词根联想】 agri(拉丁语ager"田地")+ cultura("耕作;培育",来自colere"耕种")→ 对田地的耕作→ 农业。联想:agri/agro"田地"→ agriculture(农业)、agronomy(农学)、agribusiness(农业综合企业);cult"耕作"→ culture(文化→耕耘心灵的成果)、cultivate(栽培;培养)、colony(殖民地→前去耕种之地)。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·说明文因果句中作of的宾语)"The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period."(研究团队表明,人类咬合方式的这一变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。)(真题原句·agriculture 农业) 【搭配词块】 modern agriculture 现代农业 / agricultural products 农产品 / be engaged in agriculture 从事农业 / sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 8. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止;防止;预防;妨碍 【核心考点】 prevent是近五年高考出现率最高的动词之一,环保、健康、安全三类语篇都离不开它。最核心的考点是句型:prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.(阻止某人/某物做某事)。关键规则:主动语态中from可以省略(prevent the soil (from) being washed away),但被动语态中from绝不可省略(They were prevented from entering the hall)。这一"主动可省、被动不可省"是高考经典易错点。同义结构:stop sb. (from) doing(from可省)、keep sb. from doing(from不可省)。直接跟名词时表示"预防":prevent disease/accidents/pollution。派生词:prevention n. 预防→ Prevention is better than cure(预防胜于治疗)、accident prevention(事故预防);preventive/preventative adj. 预防性的→ take preventive measures(采取预防措施);preventable adj. 可预防的。辨析:prevent(事先采取措施使某事不发生)vs protect(保护某人免受伤害,protect sb. from/against)vs avoid(设法躲开,后接名词或动名词,不接不定式)vs forbid(明令禁止,forbid sb. to do)。 【词根联想】 pre-(预先,before)+ vent(拉丁语venire"来")→ 抢在事情到来之前先一步赶到→ 预先挡住→ 阻止;预防。联想:vent/ven"来"→ invent(发明→新想法走进来)、event(事件→出来发生之事)、convention(大会→共同前来)、adventure(冒险→即将到来之事)、revenue(收入→回流而来的钱)、prevent(预防→先到一步)。 【真题原句】 (2022·浙江卷1月·阅读C·研究结论句中prevent sb. from doing 固定搭配)"These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia."(这些发现令人振奋,因为提高人们中年时期的心血管健康水平,有可能延缓甚至阻止他们患上痴呆症。)(真题原句·prevent sb. from doing 阻止…做…) 【搭配词块】 prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做… / prevent disease 预防疾病 / prevention n. 预防 / take preventive measures 采取预防措施 9. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构;构造;体系;建筑物 vt. 组织;安排;系统地构建 【核心考点】 structure名动同形,是科技说明文、建筑介绍与写作指导三类语篇的高频词。作名词:the structure of the human body/an essay/society(人体/文章/社会的结构)、a wooden/steel/stone structure(木/钢/石结构建筑物)、sentence structure(句子结构)、the social/economic structure(社会/经济体制)。作动词:structure an argument(组织论证)、a carefully structured course(精心设计的课程)。派生家族是语法填空的必考点:structural adj. 结构(上)的→ structural damage/change(结构性损坏/变化);structured adj. 有组织的、结构严谨的→ a well-structured essay;restructure v. 重组、改组;infrastructure n. 基础设施。辨析:structure(各部分组合成整体的方式,也可指具体建筑物)vs construction(建造的过程,或建筑物)vs building(楼房,指成品)vs system(体系,强调各要素之间的相互作用与运行)。 【词根联想】 struct(拉丁语struere"建造;堆叠")+ -ure(名词后缀)→ 一层层搭建起来的东西→ 结构。联想:struct"建"→ construct(建造→共同搭建)、destruction(破坏→拆掉所建)、instruct(指导→在心里搭建知识)、instrument(工具→用来搭建之物)、infrastructure(基础设施→底层结构)、structure(结构)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:structure vt. 组织;安排;系统地构建。熟义名词"结构"之外,structure可作及物动词,表示"把…系统地组织起来",如structure your essay around three key points(围绕三个要点组织文章)、a well-structured training programme(安排合理的训练计划)。此义在写作指导类与管理类语篇中高频出现,也是语法填空中"名词转动词/过去分词"的常见设点。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·说明文中作介词to的宾语,词义猜测点)"Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds."(后来,人类的颌骨演变为覆咬合结构,从而使发出这类音变得更加容易。)(真题原句·structure 结构;构造) 【搭配词块】 the structure of …的结构 / a steel structure 钢结构建筑 / sentence structure 句子结构 / structural adj. 结构上的 10. channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 水渠;水道;海峡;(电视)频道;途径,渠道 vt. 引导;输送(精力、资金) 【核心考点】 channel一词多义,五个义项都在高考语篇中出现过。①水渠;灌溉水道→ dig a channel(挖渠)、an irrigation channel(灌溉渠)、water channels on a hillside;②海峡(专有名词大写)→ the English Channel(英吉利海峡);③(电视、广播)频道→ change/switch the channel(换台)、a TV channel;④途径;渠道(抽象义,高考最常考)→ through official channels(通过官方渠道)、a channel of communication(一条沟通渠道)、new channels of distribution(新的销售渠道);⑤动词"引导"→ channel water into the fields(把水引进田里)、channel one's energy into study(把精力投入学习)。拼写注意:英式过去式channelled,美式channeled。辨析:channel(天然或人工的水道;抽象的"渠道")vs canal(完全人工开凿的运河,如the Grand Canal 京杭大运河)vs strait(海峡,如the Taiwan Straits)vs ditch(田间小沟渠,语体更口语)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语canalis"管道;水沟"(来自canna"芦苇;管子")→ 古法语chanel→ 水流通过的管道→ 水渠→ 引申为电波、信息、资金流通的通道→ 频道;渠道。联想:can"管"→ canal(运河)、cannon(大炮→管状武器)、cane(藤条;手杖)、channel(水渠;频道)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:channel n. 途径,渠道;(电视)频道 vt. 引导(精力、资金)。熟义"水渠、海峡"之外,channel的抽象义"渠道"在应用文与议论文中出现率最高,如go through the proper channels(通过正当途径)、open up new channels for cooperation(开辟合作新渠道);动词义则表示"把资源或情绪导向某处",如channel his anger into hard work(把怒气化作努力)。这两个义项是词义猜测题与写作升级的双重考点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Rainwater from the forest travels down stone channels dug by the villagers and enters the highest field first."(来自森林的雨水顺着村民开凿的石渠流下,先进入最高处的那块田。)(经典原句·channel 水渠;水道) 【搭配词块】 an irrigation channel 灌溉渠 / through official channels 通过官方渠道 / change the channel 换频道 / channel energy into 把精力投入 11. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. 好处,益处;救济金,津贴;福利 v. 有益于;受益,得益 【核心考点】 benefit是高考写作与阅读的双高频词,也是议论文表达"利与弊"的核心名词。动词用法必须分清方向:①benefit from/by sth.(从…中受益,主语是受益的人)→ Students benefit greatly from reading;②benefit sb./sth.(对…有益,主语是带来好处的事物)→ Regular exercise benefits your heart。名词用法:the benefits of(…的好处)、be of great benefit to=be very beneficial to(对…大有益处)、for the benefit of(为了…的利益)、the costs and benefits(成本与收益)。派生词:beneficial adj. 有益的→ be beneficial to sb./sth.;beneficiary n. 受益人。拼写考点:过去式benefited与benefitted均可,英式常用双写t。辨析:benefit(实实在在、长远的好处,可用于人或事)vs advantage(相对于他人或他物的优势)vs profit(经济上的利润)vs interest(利益;兴趣,注意一词多义)。 【词根联想】 bene-(拉丁语bene"好;善")+ fit(facere"做")→ 做好事→ 好处;益处。联想:bene"好"→ benefit(益处)、beneficial(有益的)、benevolent(仁慈的→心怀善意)、benefactor(捐助人→做好事的人)、benediction(祝福→说好话);对比male-"坏"→ malice(恶意)、malfunction(故障)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:benefit n. 救济金;津贴;(公司提供的)福利。熟义"好处"之外,benefit在英式英语的社会新闻中常指政府发放的救济款,如unemployment benefit(失业救济金)、housing benefit(住房补贴)、be on benefits(靠救济金生活);在职场语境中则指薪水之外的福利待遇,如employee benefits、a good benefits package。此义在社会类与求职类阅读中高频出现。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五·段末总结句中benefit作不及物动词谓语)"Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit."(随着时间推移,你们两个都会受益——你的搭档能举起更重的杠铃,而你也会变得更加强健。)(真题原句·benefit 受益;得益) 【搭配词块】 benefit from 从…中受益 / benefit sb. 有益于某人 / be beneficial to 对…有益 / for the benefit of 为了…的利益 12. system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;体系;制度,体制;(人体的)系统;方法,条理 【核心考点】 system是科技、生态、教育、交通四大类说明文的通用高频名词。①系统(由相互作用的部分构成的整体)→ an irrigation system(灌溉系统)、a transport system(交通系统)、the solar system(太阳系)、an ecosystem(生态系统);②(人体的)系统→ the immune/digestive/nervous system(免疫/消化/神经系统);③制度;体制→ the education/legal/political system(教育/法律/政治制度);④方法;条理→ work with system(有条理地工作)、have a system for doing sth.。派生家族:systematic adj. 系统的;有条理的→ a systematic approach/study;systematically adv. 系统地;systemic adj. 全身的;影响全局的。辨析:system(各要素相互作用、共同运行的整体,偏动态)vs structure(各部分的组合方式,偏静态)vs method(完成某事的具体做法)vs network(网络,强调节点间的连接)。本单元梯田的"森林—水渠—田块—村庄"正是一个典型的system。 【词根联想】 希腊语systēma"合在一起的整体":syn-(共同,together)+ histanai(使站立,to set up)→ 让各部分共同立在一起→ 系统。联想:sy-/syn-/sym-"共同"→ sympathy(同情→共同感受)、symbol(象征)、symphony(交响乐→众声共鸣)、synchronise(使同步)、system(系统)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:system n. 人体;身体机能;(the system)现行体制。熟义"系统、制度"之外,system可指"人的整个身体",如Too much coffee is bad for your system(咖啡喝太多对身体不好)、get sth. out of one's system(把某种情绪彻底发泄出来);加定冠词的the system则常带批判意味,指束缚个人的"现行体制",如fight/beat the system。此义在健康类与社会评论类阅读中值得留心。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·说明文因果句中system作主语)"Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants."(由于这套系统实现了自动化,它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。)(真题原句·system 系统) 【搭配词块】 an irrigation system 灌溉系统 / the solar system 太阳系 / the education system 教育制度 / systematic adj. 有条理的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 terrace terraced (adj.) terraces (n.pl.) terracing (n.) rice terraces / terraced fields dynasty dynasties (n.pl.) dynastic (adj.) --- the Tang Dynasty / found a dynasty region regional (adj.) regionally (adv.) regions (n.pl.) in this region / regional differences steep steeply (adv.) steepness (n.) steepen (v.) a steep slope / rise steeply shallow shallowly (adv.) shallowness (n.) shallows (n.pl.) shallow water / a shallow person harmony harmonious (adj.) harmoniously (adv.) harmonise (v.) in harmony with / live in harmony agriculture agricultural (adj.) agriculturally (adv.) agriculturalist (n.) modern agriculture / agricultural products prevent prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) prevent sb. from doing / prevent disease structure structural (adj.) structured (adj.) restructure (v.) the structure of / sentence structure channel channels (n.pl.) channelled (v.) --- an irrigation channel / through official channels benefit beneficial (adj.) beneficiary (n.) benefited (v.) benefit from / be beneficial to system systematic (adj.) systematically (adv.) systemic (adj.) an irrigation system / the solar system green fingers green-fingered (adj.) green thumb (美式) --- have green fingers 擅长园艺 flavour/flavor flavoured (adj.) flavourful (adj.) flavouring (n.) add flavour to / rich in flavour Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)The change in human bite was closely connected with the development of ____________ (agricultural) in the Neolithic period. 2.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Later, our jaws changed to an overbite ____________ (structural), which made such sounds much easier to produce. 3.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)Because the indoor farming ____________ (systematic) is automated, it greatly reduces the amount of water needed. 4.(2022浙江卷1月·阅读C·改编)Better cardiovascular fitness in middle age may delay or even ____________ (prevention) people from developing dementia. 5.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五·改编)Over time both of you will ____________ (beneficial) from training together with a suitable partner. 6.(2026山东济南·模拟)The Longji Rice ____________ (terraced) on the hillside were first cut into the mountain during the Yuan Dynasty. 7.(2026广东广州·模拟)Printing and the compass both appeared during the Song ____________ (dynasties), one of the greatest ages in Chinese history. 8.(2026江苏南京·模拟)Rice is still the main crop grown in the southern ____________ (regional) of the country. 9.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)The path up to the highest field is so ____________ (steeply) that visitors have to rest twice. 10.(2026四川成都·模拟)The water in every field is kept ____________ (shallowly) so that the young rice can grow well. 11.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)The villagers have lived in ____________ (harmonious) with the mountain for more than a thousand years. 12.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)Narrow stone ____________ (channelled) carry the rainwater from the forest down to the lowest field. 13.(2026福建厦门·模拟)Modern ____________ (agriculture) technology has greatly raised the output of these mountain villages. 14.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)A short walk in the woods every morning is ____________ (benefit) to both body and mind. 15.(2026江西南昌·模拟)Doctors keep telling us that ____________ (prevent) is always far better than cure. Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在广西东北部有一面绿色的山坡,看上去像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊____________(梯田)。第一块田是在元____________(朝代)时凿进山里的,这片山____________(地区)的农人此后又修建了六百多年。 这里的山坡非常____________(陡峭的),所以每一块田都很窄,田里积着的水也很____________(浅的)。与大山____________(和谐)共处,是当地____________(农业)的第一条规矩。 山顶的树木留住夏天的雨水,____________(防止)泥土被冲走。整面山坡的____________(结构)就像一架梯子:水从林中流入一条条小石____________(渠道),再从一块田静静地落到下一块田。 每一户人家都从同一股水中____________(受益),所以没有人浪费一滴水。今天,这套千年的____________(系统)依然养活着山下的村庄,每年秋天都有游客前来观看金色的阶梯在阳光下闪耀。 Part 7 关联阅读 High in the mountains of southern Yunnan, the Hani people have been shaping their hillsides for more than a thousand years. Their rice terraces climb from the valley floor almost to the clouds, and from a distance they look like a giant staircase cut into the earth. The work began during the Tang dynasty, when families moving south found that the region had rich soil but almost no flat ground. Rather than fight the mountain, they decided to farm it step by step. Building a terrace on a steep slope is slow and careful work. The farmers cut a narrow shelf into the hillside, press the earth until it is hard, and then flood it with a shallow layer of water. The wall of each field must be strong enough to prevent the soil from sliding down in summer storms. A single family may look after a hundred small fields, some of them no wider than a kitchen table, and every one of them has to be repaired by hand each spring. What makes the whole design work is water. Forests are protected on the tops of the mountains, where they hold the summer rain like a sponge. The water then travels down through stone channels dug by the villagers, entering the highest field first and falling quietly from one terrace to the next until it reaches the river. Nothing is wasted, and no pump is needed. Scientists who have studied this structure call it one of the finest examples of traditional agriculture in the world, because it uses only gravity, forest and soil. The Hani say that people, fields, forest and water form a single family. Modern researchers agree: the terraces benefit birds, fish and insects as well as farmers, and the whole mountain works as one living system. Tourism has brought money to the region in recent years, yet it has also brought pressure, since young people would rather work in cities than repair walls. Whether this quiet harmony can survive another thousand years now depends less on the mountain than on the choices of its people. 1. Why did the Hani people begin to build terraces? A. Because their new home had almost no flat land. B. Because the local soil was too poor for rice. C. Because they hoped to attract more visitors. D. Because the river below often ran dry. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about terrace building? A. It has largely been taken over by machines. B. It demands constant care from human hands. C. It can be completed within a single season. D. It depends on chemicals to hold the soil. 3. Why is no pump needed on the mountain? A. Each field stores enough rain for the whole year. B. Villagers carry the water up from the river. C. Water runs down naturally through the channels. D. The forests send water directly to every village. 4. What is the author's attitude to the future of the terraces? A. Hopeful. B. Uninterested. C. Regretful. D. Concerned. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:terrace, dynasty, region, steep, shallow, harmony, agriculture, prevent, structure, channel, benefit, system Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达 1. Farmers here cut flat fields into the steep hillside hundreds of years ago. → Farmers here cut ____________ into the steep hillside hundreds of years ago. 2. The first stone wall was built during a long ruling family of ancient China. → The first stone wall was built during an ancient Chinese ____________. 3. Rice is the most important crop grown in this southern area of the country. → Rice is the most important crop grown in this southern ____________ of the country. 4. The narrow path up to the top of the mountain is very sharply sloping. → The narrow path up to the top of the mountain is very ____________. 5. The water in every small field is kept only a little deep for the young rice. → The water in every small field is kept ____________ for the young rice. 6. The village people have lived in peaceful agreement with the mountain for centuries. → The village people have lived in ____________ with the mountain for centuries. 7. Growing crops and raising animals is still the main work in this mountain county. → ____________ is still the main work in this mountain county. 8. Trees on the hilltop stop the heavy summer rain from washing the soil away. → Trees on the hilltop ____________ the heavy summer rain from washing the soil away. 9. Scientists have carefully studied the way this whole hillside is built and organised. → Scientists have carefully studied the ____________ of this whole hillside. 10. The villagers dug narrow stone ways to carry the rain water down the slope. → The villagers dug narrow stone ____________ to carry the rain water down the slope. 11. Both the wild birds and the local farmers get something good from these old fields. → Both the wild birds and the local farmers ____________ from these old fields. 12. The forest, the water and the fields all work together as one whole thing. → The forest, the water and the fields all work together as one ____________. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链: 记忆链:terrace → dynasty → region → steep → shallow → harmony → agriculture → prevent → structure → channel → benefit → system 复述模板(填空): 广西东北部的绿色山坡像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊____________(梯田);第一块田凿于元____________(朝代),这片山____________(地区)的农人修了六百多年。 这里山坡非常____________(陡峭的),每块田都很窄,田里的水也很____________(浅的);与大山____________(和谐)共处,是当地____________(农业)的第一条规矩。 山顶的树木留住夏雨,____________(防止)泥土被冲走;整面山坡的____________(结构)像一架梯子,水从林中流入小石____________(渠道),再层层落下。 每一户人家都从同一股水中____________(受益),今天这套千年的____________(系统)依然养活着山下的村庄。 你的复述: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 14 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题06【语境串考点】第六单元备考学案(外研版2019) 高考高频知识点:terrace / dynasty / region / steep / shallow / harmony / agriculture / prevent / structure / channel / benefit / system (知识点来源:必修一 Unit 6 · At one with nature + 高考高频知识点) 学校:____ 姓名:____ 班级:____ 座号:____ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 10 【练习题】 10 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 14 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In the north-east of Guangxi there is a green hillside that looks like a huge flight of stairs. People call it the Longji Rice Terraces. The first field was cut into the mountain during the Yuan dynasty, and farmers of this mountain region went on building for more than six hundred years. The slopes here are very steep, so every field is narrow and the water lying on it is shallow. Living in harmony with the mountain is the first rule of local agriculture. Trees on the hilltop hold the summer rain and prevent the soil from being washed away. The structure of the whole hillside works like a ladder: water runs out of the forest into small stone channels, and then falls quietly from one field to the next. Every family benefits from the same water, so nobody wastes a drop. Today this thousand-year-old system still feeds the villages below, and every autumn visitors come to watch the golden steps shining in the sun. 【中文译文】 在广西东北部有一面绿色的山坡,看上去像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊梯田(terrace)。第一块田是在元朝(dynasty)时凿进山里的,这片山区(region)的农人此后又修建了六百多年。这里的山坡非常陡峭(steep),所以每一块田都很窄,田里积着的水也很浅(shallow)。 与大山和谐(harmony)共处,是当地农业(agriculture)的第一条规矩。山顶的树木留住夏天的雨水,防止(prevent)泥土被冲走。整面山坡的结构(structure)就像一架梯子:水从林中流入一条条小石渠(channel),再从一块田静静地落到下一块田。每一户人家都从同一股水中受益(benefit),所以没有人浪费一滴水。今天,这套千年的系统(system)依然养活着山下的村庄,每年秋天都有游客前来观看金色的阶梯在阳光下闪耀。 💡 语境串联记忆线索:山坡梯田→始于元朝→山区农人→坡陡田窄→田水浅浅→与山和谐→当地农业→树根固土防冲刷→梯状结构→石渠引水→户户受益→千年系统 记忆链:terrace → dynasty → region → steep → shallow → harmony → agriculture → prevent → structure → channel → benefit → system Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点: 1 terrace /ˈterəs/ n. 梯田;露台,平台;(英)排屋;(球场)阶梯看台 vt. 使成梯田 ⚡考点:rice terraces 梯田;terraced fields 梯田;on the terrace 在露台上;terraced house 联排房屋 2 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝;(长期统治的)家族 ⚡考点:the Tang/Ming Dynasty 唐/明朝(大写加the);during the Qing Dynasty 清朝时期;found a dynasty 建立王朝;dynastic adj. 王朝的 3 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区,区域;地带;(身体的)部位 ⚡考点:in this region 在这一地区;a mountainous region 山区;regional adj. 地区的;in the region of ≈about 大约 4 steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;急剧的;(价格)过高的 vt. 浸泡 ⚡考点:a steep slope 陡坡;a steep rise 急剧上升;steeply adv. 陡峭地;be steeped in history 充满历史气息 5 shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj. 浅的;肤浅的,浅薄的 n.(常pl.)浅水处 ⚡考点:shallow water 浅水;a shallow dish 浅盘;a shallow person 浅薄的人;反义词deep;shallowness n. 浅薄 6 harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐,融洽;协调;(音乐)和声 ⚡考点:in harmony with 与…和谐一致;live in harmony 和睦相处;social harmony 社会和谐;harmonious adj. 和谐的 7 agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业;农学(不可数) ⚡考点:modern/organic agriculture 现代/有机农业;be engaged in agriculture 从事农业;agricultural adj. → agricultural products 农产品 8 prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止;防止;预防 ⚡考点:prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做(主动语态from可省,被动不可省);prevent disease 预防疾病;prevention n. 预防 9 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构;构造;建筑物;体系 vt. 组织;构建 ⚡考点:the structure of …的结构;a steel structure 钢结构建筑;sentence structure 句子结构;structural adj. 结构上的 10 channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 水渠;水道;海峡;频道;途径 vt. 引导 ⚡考点:an irrigation channel 灌溉渠;through official channels 通过官方渠道;the English Channel 英吉利海峡;辨析channel/canal 11 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. 好处,益处;救济金 v. 有益于;受益 ⚡考点:benefit from 从…受益;benefit sb. 有益于某人;be beneficial to 对…有益;for the benefit of 为了…的利益 12 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;制度,体制;身体;条理 ⚡考点:an irrigation system 灌溉系统;the solar system 太阳系;the education system 教育制度;systematic adj. 有条理的 13 green fingers /ˌɡriːn ˈfɪŋɡəz/ n. 园艺才能;侍弄花草的本领(英式,美式作green thumb) ⚡考点:have green fingers 擅长园艺;green-fingered adj. 精于园艺的;本单元A love of gardening 主题词块 14 flavour/flavor /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n. 味道;风味;特色 vt. 给…调味(flavour英式/flavor美式,同词异拼) ⚡考点:add flavour to 给…增添风味;of different flavours 不同口味的;flavoured adj. 有…味的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. terrace /ˈterəs/ n. 梯田;(房屋外的)露台,平台;(英)排屋;(体育场的)阶梯看台 vt. 把…修成梯田 【核心考点】 terrace是本单元Longji Rice Terraces一课的核心名词,也是"人与自然""中国文化走出去"两大主题语篇的高频词。四大义项分层记忆:①梯田(多用复数)→ rice terraces(水稻梯田)、the Longji Rice Terraces(龙脊梯田)、cut terraces into a hillside(在山坡上开出梯田);②(房屋外的)露台、平台→ sit on the terrace(坐在露台上)、a roof terrace(屋顶平台);③(英)一排相连的房子→ live in a terrace;④(球场的)阶梯看台→ stand on the terraces。动词用法:terrace a slope(把坡地修成梯田)。派生词:terraced adj. 梯田式的;成排相连的→ terraced fields(梯田)、a terraced house(联排住宅);terracing n. 梯田结构;阶梯看台。辨析:terrace(依山开凿出的阶梯状平地)vs balcony(楼房外挑出的阳台)vs platform(平台;月台)vs plateau(高原,地理概念)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语terra"土地;泥土"→ 古法语terrasse"堆起的土台"→ 一层层堆起的土地→ 梯田;露台。联想:terr"土地"→ territory(领土)、terrain(地形)、terrestrial(陆地的)、extraterrestrial(外星的→地球之外的)、Mediterranean(地中海→大地中间的海)、terrace(梯田)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:terrace n. (英)排屋,一排相连的房子;(球场的)阶梯看台。熟义"梯田、露台"之外,terrace在英式英语中指沿街相连的一整排住宅,如a Victorian terrace(维多利亚式联排住宅);复数the terraces则指足球场上供站立观众使用的阶梯看台,如The fans sang on the terraces。此义在英国生活类记叙文与体育报道中常见,是词义猜测题的隐蔽考点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The Longji Rice Terraces climb the hillside like a giant staircase cut into the earth, and the highest field lies almost among the clouds."(龙脊梯田沿着山坡层层而上,宛如一段凿进大地的巨大阶梯,最高的一块田几乎伸进云里。)(经典原句·terrace 梯田) 【搭配词块】 rice terraces 梯田 / terraced fields 梯田 / on the terrace 在露台上 / a terraced house 联排住宅 2. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝;(长期掌权的)家族 【核心考点】 dynasty是中国文化类语篇(文物、建筑、饮食、非遗、传统技艺)的必备名词,近年高考阅读与语法填空中出现率极高。用法要点:①朝代名前必须加定冠词the,且朝代名与Dynasty首字母都大写→ the Tang Dynasty(唐朝)、the Song Dynasty(宋朝)、the Ming Dynasty(明朝)、the Qing Dynasty(清朝);②表示"在某朝代"用during/in→ during the Han Dynasty(汉朝时期);③date back to the Tang Dynasty(可追溯到唐朝)、be built in the Yuan Dynasty(建于元朝);④found/establish a dynasty(建立王朝)、the rise and fall of a dynasty(王朝兴衰)。派生词:dynastic adj. 王朝的;朝代的→ dynastic history(朝代史)。辨析:dynasty(由同一家族世代相继统治的朝代)vs empire(帝国,侧重疆域与政权形态)vs reign(某一位君主在位的时期)vs era/age(时代,跨度更大且不限于王朝)。 【词根联想】 希腊语dynasteia"权力;统治",源自dynasthai"能够;有力量"→ 掌握权力的家族→ 王朝。联想:dyna"力量"→ dynamic(有活力的)、dynamics(动力学)、dynamite(炸药)、dynamo(发电机)、dynasty(王朝→有权势的家族)。记忆口诀:有力量(dyna)的家族,坐得住一个朝代。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:dynasty n. (体育、商业上长期称霸的)豪门;王朝。熟义"朝代"之外,英美媒体常用dynasty比喻在某一领域长期统治的团队或家族企业,如a basketball dynasty(篮球王朝)、a media dynasty(传媒豪门)。此义在体育与商业类新闻报道中高频出现,考生若只记"朝代"义极易误读。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The first fields were cut into the mountain during the Yuan Dynasty, and the villagers have never really stopped building since then."(第一批梯田是在元朝时凿进山里的,此后村民们其实从未真正停止修建。)(经典原句·dynasty 朝代;王朝) 【搭配词块】 the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 / during the Ming Dynasty 明朝时期 / date back to the … Dynasty 可追溯到…朝 / dynastic adj. 王朝的 3. region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区,区域;地带;(身体的)部位 【核心考点】 region是地理、生态、经济类说明文的高频名词,指"面积较大、具有共同自然或行政特征的地区"。搭配:in this region(在这一地区)、a mountainous/coastal/desert region(山区/沿海地区/沙漠地带)、the western region of China(中国西部地区)、throughout the region(整个地区)。派生家族是语法填空的高产考点:regional adj. 地区的;区域性的→ regional differences/culture/economy(地区差异/地域文化/区域经济);regionally adv. 在地区层面上。辨析四兄弟是高考重点:region(面积大、特征统一的地区,可跨行政边界)vs area(最普通的"地区、面积",大小不限)vs district(行政区划的"区",或城市中的功能片区,如the business district)vs zone(因某种用途或特点划出的地带,如a time zone 时区、an ecological buffer zone 生态缓冲区)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语regere"统治;管理"→ regio"方向;辖区"→ 被划出来加以管辖的一片土地→ 地区。联想:reg/rect"统治;正"→ regime(政权)、regular(规则的)、regulate(管理)、reign(统治)、royal/regal(王的)、direct(指导)、region(地区)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:in the region of 大约,接近(=about)。熟义"地区"之外,region用于in the region of这一固定短语时表示数量上的约数,如The house cost in the region of two million yuan(这套房子大约花了两百万元)。此外region还可指身体部位,如pain in the chest region(胸部疼痛)。这两个用法在阅读中出现时极易被误解为"地区",是词义猜测题的经典陷阱。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Rice has been the main crop of this mountain region for centuries, and every family knows exactly when the rain will come."(几百年来,水稻一直是这一山区的主要作物,家家户户都清楚雨水何时到来。)(经典原句·region 地区;区域) 【搭配词块】 in this region 在这一地区 / a mountainous region 山区 / regional differences 地区差异 / in the region of 大约 4. steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;(涨落)急剧的;(价格)过高的 vt. 浸泡;使浸透 【核心考点】 steep既是地貌描写的关键形容词,也是数据类说明文描述"急剧变化"的高分词。①陡峭的→ a steep slope/hill/path/cliff(陡坡/陡峭的山/陡峭的小路/峭壁)、a steep climb(一段陡峭的攀爬);②(增减)急剧的→ a steep rise/fall/increase/decline in prices(价格急剧上涨/下跌),此义与sharp近义,可替换greatly增强表现力;③(价格)过高的、离谱的→ Ten yuan for a bottle of water is a bit steep。派生词:steeply adv. 陡峭地;急剧地→ The road rises steeply/Prices have risen steeply;steepness n. 陡度;steepen v. 变陡。辨析:steep(坡度大,强调倾斜程度)vs sharp(急剧的;锋利的,可修饰转折与变化)vs abrupt(突然的,强调没有过渡)vs gradual(渐进的,反义词)。 【词根联想】 古英语stēap"高耸的;陡峭的",与stoop(弯腰俯身)同源→ 一头高高竖起、另一头俯冲而下→ 陡峭。联想:steep与step(台阶)仅一字母之差:越是陡峭(steep)的山坡,越要一级台阶(step)一级台阶地走上去——龙脊梯田正是这一联想的最佳画面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:steep vt. 浸泡;使浸透;adj. (价格)过高的。熟义"陡峭"之外,steep作动词表示"把…浸在液体里",如steep the tea leaves in hot water(用热水泡茶叶);被动短语be steeped in表示"充满、沉浸于(历史、传统等)",如The old town is steeped in history(这座古镇充满历史气息)。作形容词修饰价格时表示"贵得离谱"。这两个义项在文化类与生活类阅读中都出现过,是词义猜测题的高频设点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The slope is so steep that the farmers have to carry every basket of earth up the hill on their own backs."(这面山坡太陡了,农人只能靠自己的背,把一筐一筐的泥土背上山去。)(经典原句·steep 陡峭的) 【搭配词块】 a steep slope 陡坡 / a steep rise 急剧上升 / steeply adv. 陡峭地;急剧地 / be steeped in history 充满历史气息 5. shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj. 浅的;(呼吸)微弱的;肤浅的,浅薄的 n.(常用复数)浅水处,浅滩 【核心考点】 shallow是地貌与人物评价双线并用的形容词,反义词是deep。①(深度)浅的→ shallow water(浅水)、the shallow end of the pool(泳池浅水区)、a shallow dish/bowl(浅盘/浅碗)、a shallow layer of soil(薄薄一层土);②(呼吸)浅而弱的→ shallow breathing;③(思想、为人)肤浅的、浅薄的→ a shallow argument(站不住脚的论点)、a shallow person(浅薄的人)。名词the shallows指"浅水区、浅滩"。派生词:shallowly adv. 浅浅地;shallowness n. 浅;肤浅。辨析:shallow(物理深度小;也指见识不深,含贬义)vs superficial(表面的;肤浅的,语体更正式,多修饰knowledge/understanding)vs slight(轻微的,指程度)vs deep(深的,反义)。 【词根联想】 与shoal(浅滩;鱼群)同源,古英语sceald"浅的"→ 水不深→ 引申为思想没有深度。联想:shallow中藏着allow——水浅(shallow)才allow(允许)人涉水而过;而思想浅薄的人,也只允许自己停留在事情的表面。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:shallow adj. 肤浅的;浅薄的(指人、想法或作品)。熟义"(水)浅"之外,shallow在议论文与人物评价中常带明显贬义,指缺乏深度与内涵,如a shallow understanding of the problem(对问题的肤浅理解)、Don't be so shallow as to judge people by their clothes(别肤浅到以衣取人)。此义是读后续写与观点态度题中的高频用词。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The water lying on each field is only a few centimetres deep, and this shallow layer keeps the young rice warm at night."(每块田里积着的水只有几厘米深,而正是这浅浅的一层水在夜里为幼苗保温。)(经典原句·shallow 浅的) 【搭配词块】 shallow water 浅水 / a shallow dish 浅盘 / a shallow person 浅薄的人 / the shallows 浅水处 6. harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n. 和谐,融洽;协调一致;(音乐)和声,和音 【核心考点】 harmony是"人与自然""人与社会"两大主题写作的顶级高分词,本单元标题At one with nature(与自然融为一体)正是live in harmony with nature的同义表达。核心搭配:in harmony with sth.(与…和谐一致)、live/work in harmony(和睦相处/融洽共事)、be in perfect harmony(完全协调)、social harmony(社会和谐)、bring sth. into harmony with(使…与…协调)、the harmony between man and nature(天人和谐)。派生家族是语法填空高产点:harmonious adj. 和谐的;融洽的→ a harmonious relationship/society;harmoniously adv. 和谐地;harmonise/harmonize v. 使协调一致;disharmony n. 不和谐。辨析:harmony(多方共存而互不冲突,强调整体协调之美)vs peace(和平;安宁,强调无战争无争吵)vs balance(平衡,强调力量对等)vs unity(统一,强调合为一体)。写作金句:Only when we live in harmony with nature can nature reward us in return. 【词根联想】 希腊语harmonia"接合;协调",源自harmos"接头;榫卯"→ 各部分严丝合缝地接在一起→ 和谐;音乐上各音相合→ 和声。联想:注意区分harmony(和谐)与harm(伤害)——两词形近而义反,可编口诀"和谐(harmony)之处,无人受伤(harm)",这正是龙脊梯田千年不塌的秘密。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:harmony n. (音乐)和声;和音。熟义"和谐"之外,harmony在音乐语境中是专业术语,指同时发出的若干乐音的协调组合,如sing in harmony(用和声演唱)、three-part harmony(三声部和声)。此义常出现在艺术类阅读与人物访谈中,与"和睦相处"的抽象义相互印证:和声之美,正是"各不相同却彼此相合"。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"For more than a thousand years the villagers have lived in harmony with the mountain, taking from it only what the forest can give back."(一千多年来,村民们一直与这座山和谐共处,只向它索取森林能够回馈的那一份。)(经典原句·harmony 和谐;融洽) 【搭配词块】 in harmony with 与…和谐一致 / live in harmony 和睦相处 / social harmony 社会和谐 / harmonious adj. 和谐的 7. agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业;农学(不可数名词) 【核心考点】 agriculture是生态、粮食安全、乡村振兴、科技兴农类说明文的核心名词,不可数,一般不加冠词也不加s。搭配:modern/traditional/organic agriculture(现代/传统/有机农业)、the development of agriculture(农业的发展)、be engaged in agriculture(从事农业)、depend on agriculture(依靠农业)、sustainable agriculture(可持续农业)。派生家族是语法填空的必考转换点:agricultural adj. 农业的→ agricultural products/production/technology/machinery(农产品/农业生产/农业技术/农业机械);agriculturally adv. 在农业上;agriculturalist n. 农学家。辨析:agriculture(农业整体,涵盖种植业与畜牧业,抽象概念)vs farming(务农、耕作,指具体的生产活动,可数性更强)vs crop(农作物,指具体的作物或收成)vs harvest(收获;收成)。写作中把"农业"写成agriculture而非farming,可显著提升语体的正式度。 【词根联想】 agri(拉丁语ager"田地")+ cultura("耕作;培育",来自colere"耕种")→ 对田地的耕作→ 农业。联想:agri/agro"田地"→ agriculture(农业)、agronomy(农学)、agribusiness(农业综合企业);cult"耕作"→ culture(文化→耕耘心灵的成果)、cultivate(栽培;培养)、colony(殖民地→前去耕种之地)。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·说明文因果句中作of的宾语)"The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period."(研究团队表明,人类咬合方式的这一变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。)(真题原句·agriculture 农业) 【搭配词块】 modern agriculture 现代农业 / agricultural products 农产品 / be engaged in agriculture 从事农业 / sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 8. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止;防止;预防;妨碍 【核心考点】 prevent是近五年高考出现率最高的动词之一,环保、健康、安全三类语篇都离不开它。最核心的考点是句型:prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.(阻止某人/某物做某事)。关键规则:主动语态中from可以省略(prevent the soil (from) being washed away),但被动语态中from绝不可省略(They were prevented from entering the hall)。这一"主动可省、被动不可省"是高考经典易错点。同义结构:stop sb. (from) doing(from可省)、keep sb. from doing(from不可省)。直接跟名词时表示"预防":prevent disease/accidents/pollution。派生词:prevention n. 预防→ Prevention is better than cure(预防胜于治疗)、accident prevention(事故预防);preventive/preventative adj. 预防性的→ take preventive measures(采取预防措施);preventable adj. 可预防的。辨析:prevent(事先采取措施使某事不发生)vs protect(保护某人免受伤害,protect sb. from/against)vs avoid(设法躲开,后接名词或动名词,不接不定式)vs forbid(明令禁止,forbid sb. to do)。 【词根联想】 pre-(预先,before)+ vent(拉丁语venire"来")→ 抢在事情到来之前先一步赶到→ 预先挡住→ 阻止;预防。联想:vent/ven"来"→ invent(发明→新想法走进来)、event(事件→出来发生之事)、convention(大会→共同前来)、adventure(冒险→即将到来之事)、revenue(收入→回流而来的钱)、prevent(预防→先到一步)。 【真题原句】 (2022·浙江卷1月·阅读C·研究结论句中prevent sb. from doing 固定搭配)"These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia."(这些发现令人振奋,因为提高人们中年时期的心血管健康水平,有可能延缓甚至阻止他们患上痴呆症。)(真题原句·prevent sb. from doing 阻止…做…) 【搭配词块】 prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做… / prevent disease 预防疾病 / prevention n. 预防 / take preventive measures 采取预防措施 9. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构;构造;体系;建筑物 vt. 组织;安排;系统地构建 【核心考点】 structure名动同形,是科技说明文、建筑介绍与写作指导三类语篇的高频词。作名词:the structure of the human body/an essay/society(人体/文章/社会的结构)、a wooden/steel/stone structure(木/钢/石结构建筑物)、sentence structure(句子结构)、the social/economic structure(社会/经济体制)。作动词:structure an argument(组织论证)、a carefully structured course(精心设计的课程)。派生家族是语法填空的必考点:structural adj. 结构(上)的→ structural damage/change(结构性损坏/变化);structured adj. 有组织的、结构严谨的→ a well-structured essay;restructure v. 重组、改组;infrastructure n. 基础设施。辨析:structure(各部分组合成整体的方式,也可指具体建筑物)vs construction(建造的过程,或建筑物)vs building(楼房,指成品)vs system(体系,强调各要素之间的相互作用与运行)。 【词根联想】 struct(拉丁语struere"建造;堆叠")+ -ure(名词后缀)→ 一层层搭建起来的东西→ 结构。联想:struct"建"→ construct(建造→共同搭建)、destruction(破坏→拆掉所建)、instruct(指导→在心里搭建知识)、instrument(工具→用来搭建之物)、infrastructure(基础设施→底层结构)、structure(结构)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:structure vt. 组织;安排;系统地构建。熟义名词"结构"之外,structure可作及物动词,表示"把…系统地组织起来",如structure your essay around three key points(围绕三个要点组织文章)、a well-structured training programme(安排合理的训练计划)。此义在写作指导类与管理类语篇中高频出现,也是语法填空中"名词转动词/过去分词"的常见设点。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·说明文中作介词to的宾语,词义猜测点)"Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds."(后来,人类的颌骨演变为覆咬合结构,从而使发出这类音变得更加容易。)(真题原句·structure 结构;构造) 【搭配词块】 the structure of …的结构 / a steel structure 钢结构建筑 / sentence structure 句子结构 / structural adj. 结构上的 10. channel /ˈtʃænl/ n. 水渠;水道;海峡;(电视)频道;途径,渠道 vt. 引导;输送(精力、资金) 【核心考点】 channel一词多义,五个义项都在高考语篇中出现过。①水渠;灌溉水道→ dig a channel(挖渠)、an irrigation channel(灌溉渠)、water channels on a hillside;②海峡(专有名词大写)→ the English Channel(英吉利海峡);③(电视、广播)频道→ change/switch the channel(换台)、a TV channel;④途径;渠道(抽象义,高考最常考)→ through official channels(通过官方渠道)、a channel of communication(一条沟通渠道)、new channels of distribution(新的销售渠道);⑤动词"引导"→ channel water into the fields(把水引进田里)、channel one's energy into study(把精力投入学习)。拼写注意:英式过去式channelled,美式channeled。辨析:channel(天然或人工的水道;抽象的"渠道")vs canal(完全人工开凿的运河,如the Grand Canal 京杭大运河)vs strait(海峡,如the Taiwan Straits)vs ditch(田间小沟渠,语体更口语)。 【词根联想】 拉丁语canalis"管道;水沟"(来自canna"芦苇;管子")→ 古法语chanel→ 水流通过的管道→ 水渠→ 引申为电波、信息、资金流通的通道→ 频道;渠道。联想:can"管"→ canal(运河)、cannon(大炮→管状武器)、cane(藤条;手杖)、channel(水渠;频道)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:channel n. 途径,渠道;(电视)频道 vt. 引导(精力、资金)。熟义"水渠、海峡"之外,channel的抽象义"渠道"在应用文与议论文中出现率最高,如go through the proper channels(通过正当途径)、open up new channels for cooperation(开辟合作新渠道);动词义则表示"把资源或情绪导向某处",如channel his anger into hard work(把怒气化作努力)。这两个义项是词义猜测题与写作升级的双重考点。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Rainwater from the forest travels down stone channels dug by the villagers and enters the highest field first."(来自森林的雨水顺着村民开凿的石渠流下,先进入最高处的那块田。)(经典原句·channel 水渠;水道) 【搭配词块】 an irrigation channel 灌溉渠 / through official channels 通过官方渠道 / change the channel 换频道 / channel energy into 把精力投入 11. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ n. 好处,益处;救济金,津贴;福利 v. 有益于;受益,得益 【核心考点】 benefit是高考写作与阅读的双高频词,也是议论文表达"利与弊"的核心名词。动词用法必须分清方向:①benefit from/by sth.(从…中受益,主语是受益的人)→ Students benefit greatly from reading;②benefit sb./sth.(对…有益,主语是带来好处的事物)→ Regular exercise benefits your heart。名词用法:the benefits of(…的好处)、be of great benefit to=be very beneficial to(对…大有益处)、for the benefit of(为了…的利益)、the costs and benefits(成本与收益)。派生词:beneficial adj. 有益的→ be beneficial to sb./sth.;beneficiary n. 受益人。拼写考点:过去式benefited与benefitted均可,英式常用双写t。辨析:benefit(实实在在、长远的好处,可用于人或事)vs advantage(相对于他人或他物的优势)vs profit(经济上的利润)vs interest(利益;兴趣,注意一词多义)。 【词根联想】 bene-(拉丁语bene"好;善")+ fit(facere"做")→ 做好事→ 好处;益处。联想:bene"好"→ benefit(益处)、beneficial(有益的)、benevolent(仁慈的→心怀善意)、benefactor(捐助人→做好事的人)、benediction(祝福→说好话);对比male-"坏"→ malice(恶意)、malfunction(故障)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:benefit n. 救济金;津贴;(公司提供的)福利。熟义"好处"之外,benefit在英式英语的社会新闻中常指政府发放的救济款,如unemployment benefit(失业救济金)、housing benefit(住房补贴)、be on benefits(靠救济金生活);在职场语境中则指薪水之外的福利待遇,如employee benefits、a good benefits package。此义在社会类与求职类阅读中高频出现。 【真题原句】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五·段末总结句中benefit作不及物动词谓语)"Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit."(随着时间推移,你们两个都会受益——你的搭档能举起更重的杠铃,而你也会变得更加强健。)(真题原句·benefit 受益;得益) 【搭配词块】 benefit from 从…中受益 / benefit sb. 有益于某人 / be beneficial to 对…有益 / for the benefit of 为了…的利益 12. system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;体系;制度,体制;(人体的)系统;方法,条理 【核心考点】 system是科技、生态、教育、交通四大类说明文的通用高频名词。①系统(由相互作用的部分构成的整体)→ an irrigation system(灌溉系统)、a transport system(交通系统)、the solar system(太阳系)、an ecosystem(生态系统);②(人体的)系统→ the immune/digestive/nervous system(免疫/消化/神经系统);③制度;体制→ the education/legal/political system(教育/法律/政治制度);④方法;条理→ work with system(有条理地工作)、have a system for doing sth.。派生家族:systematic adj. 系统的;有条理的→ a systematic approach/study;systematically adv. 系统地;systemic adj. 全身的;影响全局的。辨析:system(各要素相互作用、共同运行的整体,偏动态)vs structure(各部分的组合方式,偏静态)vs method(完成某事的具体做法)vs network(网络,强调节点间的连接)。本单元梯田的"森林—水渠—田块—村庄"正是一个典型的system。 【词根联想】 希腊语systēma"合在一起的整体":syn-(共同,together)+ histanai(使站立,to set up)→ 让各部分共同立在一起→ 系统。联想:sy-/syn-/sym-"共同"→ sympathy(同情→共同感受)、symbol(象征)、symphony(交响乐→众声共鸣)、synchronise(使同步)、system(系统)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:system n. 人体;身体机能;(the system)现行体制。熟义"系统、制度"之外,system可指"人的整个身体",如Too much coffee is bad for your system(咖啡喝太多对身体不好)、get sth. out of one's system(把某种情绪彻底发泄出来);加定冠词的the system则常带批判意味,指束缚个人的"现行体制",如fight/beat the system。此义在健康类与社会评论类阅读中值得留心。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·说明文因果句中system作主语)"Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants."(由于这套系统实现了自动化,它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。)(真题原句·system 系统) 【搭配词块】 an irrigation system 灌溉系统 / the solar system 太阳系 / the education system 教育制度 / systematic adj. 有条理的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 terrace terraced (adj.) terraces (n.pl.) terracing (n.) rice terraces / terraced fields dynasty dynasties (n.pl.) dynastic (adj.) --- the Tang Dynasty / found a dynasty region regional (adj.) regionally (adv.) regions (n.pl.) in this region / regional differences steep steeply (adv.) steepness (n.) steepen (v.) a steep slope / rise steeply shallow shallowly (adv.) shallowness (n.) shallows (n.pl.) shallow water / a shallow person harmony harmonious (adj.) harmoniously (adv.) harmonise (v.) in harmony with / live in harmony agriculture agricultural (adj.) agriculturally (adv.) agriculturalist (n.) modern agriculture / agricultural products prevent prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) prevent sb. from doing / prevent disease structure structural (adj.) structured (adj.) restructure (v.) the structure of / sentence structure channel channels (n.pl.) channelled (v.) --- an irrigation channel / through official channels benefit beneficial (adj.) beneficiary (n.) benefited (v.) benefit from / be beneficial to system systematic (adj.) systematically (adv.) systemic (adj.) an irrigation system / the solar system green fingers green-fingered (adj.) green thumb (美式) --- have green fingers 擅长园艺 flavour/flavor flavoured (adj.) flavourful (adj.) flavouring (n.) add flavour to / rich in flavour Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)The change in human bite was closely connected with the development of ____________ (agricultural) in the Neolithic period. 2.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·改编)Later, our jaws changed to an overbite ____________ (structural), which made such sounds much easier to produce. 3.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读C·改编)Because the indoor farming ____________ (systematic) is automated, it greatly reduces the amount of water needed. 4.(2022浙江卷1月·阅读C·改编)Better cardiovascular fitness in middle age may delay or even ____________ (prevention) people from developing dementia. 5.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五·改编)Over time both of you will ____________ (beneficial) from training together with a suitable partner. 6.(2026山东济南·模拟)The Longji Rice ____________ (terraced) on the hillside were first cut into the mountain during the Yuan Dynasty. 7.(2026广东广州·模拟)Printing and the compass both appeared during the Song ____________ (dynasties), one of the greatest ages in Chinese history. 8.(2026江苏南京·模拟)Rice is still the main crop grown in the southern ____________ (regional) of the country. 9.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)The path up to the highest field is so ____________ (steeply) that visitors have to rest twice. 10.(2026四川成都·模拟)The water in every field is kept ____________ (shallowly) so that the young rice can grow well. 11.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)The villagers have lived in ____________ (harmonious) with the mountain for more than a thousand years. 12.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)Narrow stone ____________ (channelled) carry the rainwater from the forest down to the lowest field. 13.(2026福建厦门·模拟)Modern ____________ (agriculture) technology has greatly raised the output of these mountain villages. 14.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)A short walk in the woods every morning is ____________ (benefit) to both body and mind. 15.(2026江西南昌·模拟)Doctors keep telling us that ____________ (prevent) is always far better than cure. 【答案】 1. agriculture 2. structure 3. system 4. prevent 5. benefit 6. Terraces 7. Dynasty 8. region 9. steep 10. shallow 11. harmony 12. channels 13. agricultural 14. beneficial 15. prevention 【逐题解析】 1. agriculture — 提示词agricultural为形容词,此处需不可数名词作of的宾语,表"农业"。 2. structure — 提示词structural为形容词,此处需名词作介词to的宾语,前有冠词an修饰。 3. system — 提示词systematic为形容词,此处需单数名词作主语,与is保持主谓一致。 4. prevent — 提示词prevention为名词,情态动词may后接动词原形,与delay并列作谓语。 5. benefit — 提示词beneficial为形容词,will后接动词原形,benefit from意为"从…受益"。 6. Terraces — 提示词terraced为形容词,此处需名词复数构成专有名称,谓语were提示复数。 7. Dynasty — 提示词dynasties为复数,专有名词the Song Dynasty须用单数且首字母大写。 8. region — 提示词regional为形容词,此处需名词作in的宾语,前有the southern限定。 9. steep — 提示词steeply为副词,此处需形容词作is的表语,构成so…that结果状语从句。 10. shallow — 提示词shallowly为副词,此处需形容词作keep的宾语补足语,表状态"浅的"。 11. harmony — 提示词harmonious为形容词,此处需名词,live in harmony with为固定搭配。 12. channels — 提示词channelled为动词形式,此处需名词复数作主语,谓语carry提示复数。 13. agricultural — 提示词agriculture为名词,此处需形容词作定语修饰名词technology。 14. beneficial — 提示词benefit为动名词,此处需形容词作表语,be beneficial to固定搭配。 15. prevention — 提示词prevent为动词,此处需名词作that从句的主语,与cure形成对照。 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在广西东北部有一面绿色的山坡,看上去像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊____________(梯田)。第一块田是在元____________(朝代)时凿进山里的,这片山____________(地区)的农人此后又修建了六百多年。 这里的山坡非常____________(陡峭的),所以每一块田都很窄,田里积着的水也很____________(浅的)。与大山____________(和谐)共处,是当地____________(农业)的第一条规矩。 山顶的树木留住夏天的雨水,____________(防止)泥土被冲走。整面山坡的____________(结构)就像一架梯子:水从林中流入一条条小石____________(渠道),再从一块田静静地落到下一块田。 每一户人家都从同一股水中____________(受益),所以没有人浪费一滴水。今天,这套千年的____________(系统)依然养活着山下的村庄,每年秋天都有游客前来观看金色的阶梯在阳光下闪耀。 【答案】 Terraces; Dynasty; region; steep; shallow; harmony; agriculture; prevent; structure; channels; benefit; system Part 7 关联阅读 High in the mountains of southern Yunnan, the Hani people have been shaping their hillsides for more than a thousand years. Their rice terraces climb from the valley floor almost to the clouds, and from a distance they look like a giant staircase cut into the earth. The work began during the Tang dynasty, when families moving south found that the region had rich soil but almost no flat ground. Rather than fight the mountain, they decided to farm it step by step. Building a terrace on a steep slope is slow and careful work. The farmers cut a narrow shelf into the hillside, press the earth until it is hard, and then flood it with a shallow layer of water. The wall of each field must be strong enough to prevent the soil from sliding down in summer storms. A single family may look after a hundred small fields, some of them no wider than a kitchen table, and every one of them has to be repaired by hand each spring. What makes the whole design work is water. Forests are protected on the tops of the mountains, where they hold the summer rain like a sponge. The water then travels down through stone channels dug by the villagers, entering the highest field first and falling quietly from one terrace to the next until it reaches the river. Nothing is wasted, and no pump is needed. Scientists who have studied this structure call it one of the finest examples of traditional agriculture in the world, because it uses only gravity, forest and soil. The Hani say that people, fields, forest and water form a single family. Modern researchers agree: the terraces benefit birds, fish and insects as well as farmers, and the whole mountain works as one living system. Tourism has brought money to the region in recent years, yet it has also brought pressure, since young people would rather work in cities than repair walls. Whether this quiet harmony can survive another thousand years now depends less on the mountain than on the choices of its people. 1. Why did the Hani people begin to build terraces? A. Because their new home had almost no flat land. B. Because the local soil was too poor for rice. C. Because they hoped to attract more visitors. D. Because the river below often ran dry. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about terrace building? A. It has largely been taken over by machines. B. It demands constant care from human hands. C. It can be completed within a single season. D. It depends on chemicals to hold the soil. 3. Why is no pump needed on the mountain? A. Each field stores enough rain for the whole year. B. Villagers carry the water up from the river. C. Water runs down naturally through the channels. D. The forests send water directly to every village. 4. What is the author's attitude to the future of the terraces? A. Hopeful. B. Uninterested. C. Regretful. D. Concerned. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案:1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题(细节理解题·高考高频):首段末尾两句是解题关键——"families moving south found that the region had rich soil but almost no flat ground. Rather than fight the mountain, they decided to farm it step by step",明确指出南迁的哈尼人发现这片山区土壤肥沃却几乎没有平地,于是选择顺着山势一级一级地开田。A项"新家几乎没有平地"正是对almost no flat ground的同义转换,故选A。B项与rich soil(土壤肥沃)直接矛盾,属反向干扰;C项旅游是第四段才出现的当代现象,与一千多年前的开垦动机无关,属时间错位;D项河水枯竭全文未提,属无中生有。 第2题(推理判断题·高考核心):第二段开门见山写道"Building a terrace on a steep slope is slow and careful work",随后逐项展开:农人要在坡上凿出窄台、把泥土夯实、灌进浅浅一层水,田埂必须结实到能prevent the soil from sliding down;末句更强调一户人家可能照看上百块小田,"every one of them has to be repaired by hand each spring"(每一块每年春天都得靠手工修补)。可见修筑与维护高度依赖人力且从不间断,B项与之完全吻合,故选B。A项"被机器取代"与by hand直接冲突;C项"一季完成"与slow work及each spring的周期性矛盾;D项"依靠化学品固土"文中毫无依据,反而第三段强调只用重力、森林与土壤。 第3题(细节理解题·高考高频):第三段完整描述了这套自流灌溉:山顶森林像海绵一样蓄住夏雨,随后"The water then travels down through stone channels dug by the villagers, entering the highest field first and falling quietly from one terrace to the next until it reaches the river",紧接着点明"Nothing is wasted, and no pump is needed"。可见无需水泵的原因正是水靠地势沿石渠自上而下自然流动,C项与此对应,故选C。A项"每块田蓄够全年用水"文中未提;B项村民挖渠而非挑水上山,属偷换概念;D项森林只是蓄水,并未"直送每个村庄",与原文falling from one terrace to the next的层层下落不符。 第4题(观点态度题·高考压轴):末段先给出积极的一面——梯田让鸟、鱼、昆虫和农人共同受益,整座山如同一个living system;随后用yet转折写出隐忧:"Tourism has brought money to the region... yet it has also brought pressure, since young people would rather work in cities than repair walls",结尾一句"Whether this quiet harmony can survive another thousand years now depends less on the mountain than on the choices of its people"更以Whether引导的悬置句式点明前途未卜。作者既未唱衰也未盲目乐观,而是流露出对传承断层的担忧,D项Concerned(忧虑的)最贴切,故选D。A项Hopeful过于乐观,忽略了yet之后的转折;B项Uninterested与全文细致的描写与关切完全相反;C项Regretful(惋惜的)适用于已成定局的损失,而文中梯田尚在、结局未定。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:terrace, dynasty, region, steep, shallow, harmony, agriculture, prevent, structure, channel, benefit, system Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达 1. Farmers here cut flat fields into the steep hillside hundreds of years ago. → Farmers here cut ____________ into the steep hillside hundreds of years ago. 2. The first stone wall was built during a long ruling family of ancient China. → The first stone wall was built during an ancient Chinese ____________. 3. Rice is the most important crop grown in this southern area of the country. → Rice is the most important crop grown in this southern ____________ of the country. 4. The narrow path up to the top of the mountain is very sharply sloping. → The narrow path up to the top of the mountain is very ____________. 5. The water in every small field is kept only a little deep for the young rice. → The water in every small field is kept ____________ for the young rice. 6. The village people have lived in peaceful agreement with the mountain for centuries. → The village people have lived in ____________ with the mountain for centuries. 7. Growing crops and raising animals is still the main work in this mountain county. → ____________ is still the main work in this mountain county. 8. Trees on the hilltop stop the heavy summer rain from washing the soil away. → Trees on the hilltop ____________ the heavy summer rain from washing the soil away. 9. Scientists have carefully studied the way this whole hillside is built and organised. → Scientists have carefully studied the ____________ of this whole hillside. 10. The villagers dug narrow stone ways to carry the rain water down the slope. → The villagers dug narrow stone ____________ to carry the rain water down the slope. 11. Both the wild birds and the local farmers get something good from these old fields. → Both the wild birds and the local farmers ____________ from these old fields. 12. The forest, the water and the fields all work together as one whole thing. → The forest, the water and the fields all work together as one ____________. 【答案】 1. terraces 2. dynasty 3. region 4. steep 5. shallow 6. harmony 7. Agriculture 8. prevent 9. structure 10. channels 11. benefit 12. system Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链: 记忆链:terrace → dynasty → region → steep → shallow → harmony → agriculture → prevent → structure → channel → benefit → system 复述模板(填空): 广西东北部的绿色山坡像一段巨大的阶梯,人们叫它龙脊____________(梯田);第一块田凿于元____________(朝代),这片山____________(地区)的农人修了六百多年。 这里山坡非常____________(陡峭的),每块田都很窄,田里的水也很____________(浅的);与大山____________(和谐)共处,是当地____________(农业)的第一条规矩。 山顶的树木留住夏雨,____________(防止)泥土被冲走;整面山坡的____________(结构)像一架梯子,水从林中流入小石____________(渠道),再层层落下。 每一户人家都从同一股水中____________(受益),今天这套千年的____________(系统)依然养活着山下的村庄。 你的复述: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案:Terraces; Dynasty; region; steep; shallow; harmony; agriculture; prevent; structure; channels; benefit; system 复述模板参考版本: In the north-east of Guangxi a green hillside looks like a huge flight of stairs, and people call it the Longji Rice Terraces. The first field was cut into the mountain during the Yuan dynasty, and farmers of this mountain region went on building for more than six hundred years. The slopes are very steep, so every field is narrow and the water lying on it is shallow. Living in harmony with the mountain is the first rule of local agriculture: trees on the hilltop hold the summer rain and prevent the soil from being washed away. The structure of the whole hillside works like a ladder, for water runs out of the forest into small stone channels and then falls from one field to the next. Every family benefits from the same water, and today this thousand-year-old system still feeds the villages below. 15 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题06 Unit 6 At one with nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第一册
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专题06 Unit 6 At one with nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第一册
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专题06 Unit 6 At one with nature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版必修第一册
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