Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Understanding ideas-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册作业与测评全书Word（外研版）

英语　必修·第一册　作业与测评 Section Ⅱ　Understanding ideas 作业1　课内落实作业 Ⅰ　语境填词 1．Loud noise can ________ (伤害) your hearing. 答案：harm 2．The lake was covered with a ________ (一大片) of ice. 答案：sheet 3．The man waved his wand and made the box ________ (包) itself in a cloth. 答案：wrap 4．He spent months ________ (设计) a plan to solve the environmental problem. 答案：designing 5．We should take measures to p________ pollution. 答案：prevent 6．Young people are bringing fresh ideas to a________， making the industry more creative. 答案：agriculture 7．Many poems were created in the Tang D________， making it a golden age for Chinese literature. 答案：Dynasty 8．Her words carried a f________ of indifference, which made him feel hurt. 答案：frost Ⅱ　语法填空 1．Vaccines are used to prevent everyone ________ being infected by serious disease. 答案：from 2．We should keep these ________ (harm) chemicals locked away from children. 答案：harmful 3．We congratulated them on the successful ________ (complete) of the project. 答案：completion 4．We followed the ________ (design) route to avoid getting lost in the forest. 答案：designed 5．As usual, there will be the local and ________ (region) elections on June the twelfth. 答案：regional 6．This region is rich in ________ (agriculture) resources. 答案：agricultural 7．The book ________ I found this interesting story is written by a famous author. 答案：where/in which 8．They live in a ________ (harmony) neighborhood where everyone helps and respects one another. 答案：harmonious Ⅲ　选词填空 connect, turn into, maintain, agriculture, region, therefore 1．Different ________ have different cultural traditions. 答案：regions 2．She is good at ________ with people from different cultures. 答案：connecting 3．His hobby ____________ a successful business eventually. 答案：turned into 4．They are determined to ____________ a good relationship for years to come. 答案：maintain 5．Different countries have their unique ________． 答案：agriculture Ⅳ　完成表达 1．我有一个梦想，那就是人类能与美丽的大自然和谐共处。 I have a dream that humans could live __________________ the beautiful nature. 答案：in harmony with 2．这款应用程序是为学生设计的，以帮助安排学习计划。 ________________________________ to help organize study schedules. 答案：This app is designed for students 3．经常吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害，而且会导致肥胖。 Eating too much junk food regularly ________________________ and can lead to obesity. 答案：is harmful to health 4．他小心地从梯子底部往顶部爬。 He carefully climbed the ladder ____________________． 答案：from the bottom to the top 5．下午雨停了，之后太阳出来了，还出现了一道美丽的彩虹。 The rain stopped in the afternoon, ________________________ and created a beautiful rainbow. 答案：after which the sun came out Ⅴ　完形填空 Throughout history, from ancient dynasties to modern times, the environment has always been __1__ for human survival. In every region of the world, people __2__ on nature for their living. However, at present, the environment is facing serious __3__． Agriculture, the __4__ of human livelihoods (生计), is being seriously affected. The soil, the key __5__ for growing crops, is in trouble. Due to over－exploitation and improper farming methods, the soil quality is __6__. Shallow roots of plants can't hold the soil firmly, leading to soil erosion. For example, in some rural __7__， large amounts of fertile soil are washed away by rain every year, which __8__ crop growth and thus affects food production. Without enough crops, people may face food shortages, and this situation will only get worse if we do nothing. Moreover, human activities are also __9__ the harmony between humans and nature. Factories discharge (排放) a large amount of waste water and harmful gases, polluting rivers and the air. The __10__ of some industrial projects lacks environmental considerations, resulting in long－term damage to the ecological environment. If we don't take immediate action, the __11__will be disastrous. We should __12__ sustainable (可持续的) agriculture. In industrial design, environmental protection requirements should be added to __13__ pollution. Everyone should also raise environmental awareness. Only in this way can we protect our environment and __14__ a sustainable future for generations to come. Let's all play our part and work together to create a __15__ world for ourselves and future generations. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保护环境的紧迫性和重要性。 1．A.obvious B．important C．convenient D．strange 答案：B 解析：根据常识可知，环境对人类生存至关重要。故选B。 2．A.focus B．carry C．depend D．turn 答案：C 解析：此处指人们依靠自然为生。故选C。 3．A.challenges B．opportunities C．decisions D．choices 答案：A 解析：根据上文“However, at present, the environment is facing”可知，此处指环境面临严峻挑战。故选A。 4．A.example B．future C．foundation D．result 答案：C 解析：根据常识可知，农业是人类生计的基础。故选C。 5．A.rule B．element C．method D．theory 答案：B 解析：此处指土壤是种植作物的关键要素。故选B。 6．A.improving B．increasing C．recovering D．worsening 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Due to over­exploitation and improper farming methods”可知，土壤质量因过度开发和不当耕作方法而恶化。故选D。 7．A.cities B．countries C．regions D．continents 答案：C 解析：此处指在一些农村地区。故选C。 8．A.harms B．helps C．changes D．replaces 答案：A 解析：根据下文“and thus affects food production”可知，土壤侵蚀危害作物生长。故选A。 9．A.creating B．harming C．maintaining D．promoting 答案：B 解析：此处指人类活动正在损害人与自然的和谐。故选B。 10．A.design B．assignment C．introduction D．production 答案：A 解析：此处指一些工业项目的设计缺乏环保考量。故选A。 11．A.efforts B．causes C．results D．solutions 答案：C 解析：根据上文“If we don't take immediate action”可知，不立即采取行动，结果将是灾难性的。故选C。 12．A.reduce B．promote C．ignore D．replace 答案：B 解析：此处指我们应该推广可持续农业。故选B。 13．A.increase B．measure C．report D．reduce 答案：D 解析：增加环保要求是为了减少污染。故选D。 14．A.ensure B．question C．doubt D．deny 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Only in this way can we protect our environment”可知，只有这样我们才能确保子孙后代有一个可持续的未来。故选A。 15．A.cleaner B．busier C．noisier D．warmer 答案：A 解析：此处指保护环境能创造一个更清洁的世界。故选A。 ①For__a__very__long__time,__the__environment__has__been__necessary__for__people__to_ _survive (很长一段时间以来，环境对于人们的生存来说都是必不可少的). But now, there are big problems. People take too much from the land and adopt improper methods to farm. This makes the soil worse. ②The__soil__is__washed__away__and__plants__can't__grow__well (土壤被冲走，植物无法良好生长). Without enough crops, people might face food shortages. Factories are polluting the air and water. Some industrial plans neglect environmental concerns. ③If__we__do__nothing,__everything__will__go__very__wrong (如果我们什么都不做，一切都会变得很糟糕). To protect the environment, we should use correct ways to farm, upgrade factories to make them more eco－friendly, and raise public awareness of environmental protection. ④Only__in__this__way__can__we__make__the__world__a__better__place (只有这样，我们才能让世界变得更美好). 作业2　主题拓展作业 Ⅵ　阅读 A 14 million liters of water get wasted every year, just through the water we leave behind in restaurants. Are you shocked? Yes, but what can you do with it? The same question concerned Garvita Gulhati. But unlike the rest of us, who gave a shrug and moved on with our lives, she refused to let the fire in her die down. She started by setting up Why Waste？， a non­profit organization with the help of four friends. They worked with restaurants by persuading them to serve half­full glasses of water. The Glass Half Full concept aims to help prevent wastage of water left in glasses while also educating the public as well as restaurants about the need of taking care of the limited water resources. However, persuading restaurant owners was challenging. Most owners said it was against the basic rules of welcoming guests to keep a half­filled glass at the table where customers sat. But Gulhati refused to give up and came up with new strategies to try to persuade restaurant owners and staff to change their ways. Several campaigns (活动) were organized in public spaces to increase awareness. “So far, the campaign has been successfully launched by over 80，000 restaurants across India. People have become more aware and this simple step has helped save millions of liters of water across the country，” says Gulhati, adding, “Next time you eat out, make sure your glasses are empty before leaving the food joint.” Gulhati further says, “After launching the Glass Half Full campaign, we wanted to design a module, which would attract more people to save water.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Garvita Gulhati (加维塔·古尔哈蒂)在四个朋友的帮助下成立了一个非营利组织，并发起Glass Half Full活动来教育人们节约用水。 1．Why did Gulhati come up with the Glass Half Full concept? A．To publicize water safety. B．To prevent water pollution. C．To educate people to save water. D．To help the restaurants recycle water. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Glass Half Full concept ... the limited water resources. (‘半满杯’的概念旨在帮助防止杯子里的水被浪费，同时也教育公众和餐馆注意保护有限的水资源的必要性。)”可知，Gulhati提出“半满杯”的概念是为了教育人们节约用水。故选C。 2．What was restaurant owners' attitude to Gulhati's persuasion at first? A．Curious. B．Angry. C．Worried. D．Interested. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Most owners said ... where customers sat. (大多数餐厅老板表示，在顾客坐的桌子上放半杯水违反了欢迎客人的基本规定。)”可推知，最初，餐馆老板对Gulhati的劝说是感到担心的。故选C。 3．What does Gulhati call on us to do? A．Reuse our waste water. B．Eat out less to save water. C．Bring our own water when possible. D．Empty the glasses when eating outside. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Next time you ... leaving the food joint. (下次你出去吃饭时，在离开餐厅之前，确保你的水杯是空的。)”可知，Gulhati号召我们在外面吃饭时把杯子里的水喝完。故选D。 4．Which of the following can best describe Gulhati? A．Brave and successful. B．Responsible and determined. C．Creative and confident. D．Outgoing and humorous. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“she refused to let the fire in her die down”及第二段中的“She started by ... four friends.”可知，她是一个有责任心的人；根据第三段中的“But Gulhati refused to ... to change their ways. (但Gulhati拒绝放弃，她想出了新的策略，试图说服餐厅老板和员工改变他们的做法。)”可推知，她是一个不轻言放弃，有决心的人。故选B。 B Latin America's first renewable fuel­powered, trash­trapping wheel is cleaning one of Panama's dirtiest rivers. A local environmental group led the effort. The wheel is powered by water and sun energy. It pulls waste out of the Juan Diaz River. Most of the waste comes from the capital area of Panama City, where about 2 million people live. Thousands of kilograms of rubbish flow down the river into the ocean each year. Robert Getman is the leader of the project. “Cleaning beaches is good，” he said, “but it is more effective and cheaper to trap rubbish in rivers because when it reaches the ocean, the environmental and economic cost becomes too high.” The environmental group Marea Verde created the wheel, which is named Wanda Diaz, in late September. By the middle of October, Wanda had gathered 28.6 cubic meters of plastic bottles from the water. The Juan Diaz River is one of the most polluted in Panama. Waste systems in the area are poor, and land development is not well supervised. The river also passes through Panama City, one of Central America's largest cities. Over five years, Marea Verde projects have slowed the spread of rubbish along Panama's rivers and coastline. Earlier, the group introduced its “Barrier or Trash” technology, a floating device. It caught more than 100 metric tons of waste in the Matias Hernandez River. “We want to raise awareness that we can prevent the death of this very important river，” said Marea Verde member Sandy Watemberg. She expressed her hope that the wheel will help. But she also pointed to the need for those who use single­use plastics to rethink their behavior. “The most important thing is to achieve a change in habits，” she said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴拿马使用一种新型且环保的垃圾收集轮清理巴拿马河流里的垃圾。 5．What makes the wheel the first of its kind? A．Its size. B．Its power. C．Its shape. D．Its color. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Latin America's first renewable ... one of Panama's dirtiest rivers.”可知，供能系统让这个轮子成为同类中的第一个。故选B。 6．Which statement matches Robert Getman's opinion? A．We'd better remove rubbish before it enters the sea. B．We should clean beaches so as not to pollute the sea. C．It's cheap for humans to clean up the ocean. D．It's better to leave waste in the sea than in the river. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Cleaning beaches ... cost becomes too high.'(‘清理海滩很好，’他说，‘但把垃圾困在河里更有效、更便宜，因为当垃圾流入海洋时，环境和经济成本太高了。’)”可推知，Robert Getman (罗伯特·盖特曼)认为我们最好在垃圾进入海洋之前把它清除掉。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “supervised” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Supposed. B．Managed. C．Accepted. D．Controlled. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Juan Diaz River is one of the most polluted in Panama.”可知，胡安迪亚兹河是巴拿马污染最严重的河流之一，画线词所在句“Waste systems ... not well supervised．”解释了其原因，因为该地区的废弃物处理系统很差，其土地开发也没有得到很好的监管。画线词意为“监管”，与managed同义。故选B。 8．What did Sandy Watemberg call on people to do? A．Support the project. B．Use single­use plastics more. C．Change their habits. D．Realize the danger the river is in. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘The most important thing is to achieve a change in habits，’ she said.”可知，Sandy Watemberg (桑迪·沃特姆伯格)号召人们改变他们的习惯。故选C。 Ⅶ　七选五 经验贴27　七选五的正确选项通常遵循代词一致原则，即遇代词，向前看，人对人，物对物，单复对单复。 Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. __1__. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, __2__． __3__. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! __4__. However, there's a lot we can do to lower the number. __5__. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. A．Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages B．the more we can do to reduce family size C．Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers D．You can take steps to save water in your home E．This shows how much we depend on water to live F．All water shortages are due to human behavior G．the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水资源短缺的原因，并给出家庭节约用水的建议。 1．答案：C 解析：根据上文“A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. (我们每天使用的水的主要部分是地下水。)”和下文“It comes from underground.”可知，C项(地下水不是来自湖泊或河流)承上启下，介绍地下水的来源。故选C。 2．答案：G 解析：根据上文“The more roads and parking lots we pave (我们铺设的道路和停车场越多)”可知，此处是固定句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，G项(流入地下成为地下水的水就越少)符合语法和句意。故选G。 3．答案：A 解析：下文“Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts than areas with more rainfall”说明气候会导致水资源短缺，A项(并非所有的水资源短缺都是人类活动造成的)引出下文，说明自然条件也是导致水资源短缺的因素之一。故选A。 4．答案：E 解析：上文“In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! (在美国，一个四口之家一天要用1.5吨水！)”说明人们生活离不开水，E项(这表明我们有多依赖水来生存)承接上文。故选E。 5．答案：D 解析：根据上文“However, there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”及下文“To start with ... instead of throwing them away.”可知，D项(你可以采取措施在家里节约用水)承接上文，引出下文，即提出家庭降低用水量的建议。故选D。 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $