01-外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 外刊拓展阅读理解专项以真实外刊文本为载体，系统整合细节理解、词义猜测等题型解法，构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题（A-D篇）|15题（含细节理解、主旨大意等）|细节题定位原文信息，词义题结合上下文推断，主旨题概括段落核心|按“文本信息提取-逻辑推理-主旨归纳”递进，覆盖高频考点| |七选五（E篇）|5题|段落衔接抓关键词，逻辑衔接分析句间关系|以“句间逻辑-段落主旨-语篇结构”为线索，强化语篇理解能力|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——China Daily, December 23, 2025（改编） China has made remarkable progress in biodiversity conservation over the past decade, with the populations of many rare and endangered species showing significant recovery, according to a report released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on Monday. The report, titled "China‘s Biodiversity Conservation: Progress and Outlook (2025)," stated that the population of giant pandas in the wild has increased from 1,864 in 2015 to over 2,000, while the number of crested ibises has grown from 2,400 to over 5,000. The Tibetan antelope population has rebounded from fewer than 20,000 in the 1990s to more than 300,000. The country’s system of protected areas now covers more than 18 percent of its land area, exceeding the global average. China has established nearly 10,000 protected areas of various types, including national parks, nature reserves, and scenic spots. The first batch of five national parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park and the Giant Panda National Park, has been operating since 2021, with several more under planning. “The progress shows that China‘s approach to combining strict protection with sustainable development is working,” said Zhang Guogang, a senior official at the ministry. “We have not only protected species but also improved the livelihoods of communities living near protected areas through eco-compensation programs and green development.” China has also contributed to global biodiversity efforts. The country has provided financial and technical support to conservation projects in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China played a key role in the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022. 1.What is the main topic of the report mentioned in the passage? A. The economic development of rural areas in China. B. The progress of biodiversity conservation in China. C. The challenges facing China‘s environmental policies. D. The international cooperation on climate change. 2.According to the passage, how much of China’s land area is now covered by protected areas? A. Less than 10 percent. B. About 15 percent. C. More than 18 percent. D. Over 25 percent. 3.What role did China play in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework? A. It opposed the adoption of the framework. B. It provided the main funding for the framework. C. It played a key role in its adoption. D. It refused to participate in the framework. B ——Inhabitat, June 5, 2026（改编） In a lab at the University of Tokyo, a robot is performing a task that would be impossible for most human workers: it is sorting through thousands of plastic bottles, separating those that are recyclable from those that are not, at a speed of 50 bottles per minute. The robot, named WasteNet, uses artificial intelligence and computer vision to identify different types of plastics with 95 percent accuracy. The innovation comes at a critical time. Despite decades of recycling programs, only about 9 percent of the world‘s plastic waste is actually recycled. One major obstacle is the difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently. Manual sorting is slow, expensive, and prone to errors, while traditional mechanical sorting systems often fail to distinguish between different types of plastics that look identical to the naked eye. WasteNet solves this problem by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Each type of plastic reflects light differently at specific wavelengths, and the robot’s sensors can detect these differences instantly. Once identified, the robot uses a robotic arm to direct each bottle into the appropriate recycling stream. “The goal is to make plastic recycling economically viable,” said Professor Shinji Yamamoto, the project‘s lead researcher. “If we can sort plastics with high accuracy and low cost, we can create a market for recycled plastics that actually competes with virgin plastics.” The researchers are now working on scaling up the technology and reducing its cost. They are also developing similar systems for other types of waste, including electronics and textiles. Early results have attracted interest from waste management companies and government agencies in Japan, Europe, and North America. 4.What is the main challenge that WasteNet addresses? A. The lack of plastic waste to recycle. B. The difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently and accurately. C. The high cost of producing new plastics. D. The shortage of human workers in recycling plants. 5.How does WasteNet distinguish between different types of plastics? A. By using a robotic arm to test the strength of each bottle. B. By using near-infrared spectroscopy to detect light reflection differences. C. By employing human workers to check each bottle. D. By reading the labels printed on each bottle. 6.The underlined word “viable” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. profitable B. impractical C. dangerous D. simple 7.What is the author‘s purpose in mentioning that WasteNet has attracted international interest? A. To suggest that the technology is already widely used. B. To show that the innovation has global relevance. C. To prove that Japan is the leader in recycling technology. D. To argue that other countries should adopt the same system. C ——National Geographic, May 2026（改编） If the world’s natural history were compressed into a 24-hour day, humans would appear only in the last few seconds. Yet in that brief time, we have reshaped the planet in ways that will leave traces for millions of years. Scientists are now debating whether this moment should be formally recognized as the beginning of a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Working Group has proposed that the start of this new epoch be set at 1950, coinciding with the “Great Acceleration” — the period when human activity, including industrialization, population growth, and nuclear testing, began to leave unmistakable signatures in geological records. These signatures include carbon dioxide spikes, microplastics, and radioactive isotopes from nuclear bomb tests. Not everyone agrees. Some geologists argue that the Anthropocene should be considered a geological “event” rather than a formal epoch, because its duration is too short to compare with other epochs. Others contend that the changes wrought by humanity are profound enough to warrant formal recognition. The debate is not merely academic. If the Anthropocene is formally recognized, it could have implications for how we think about humanity‘s role in the Earth system. It could shape public policy, environmental law, and conservation efforts. It could also encourage a shift in consciousness — from seeing ourselves as separate from nature to recognizing that we are a geological force. Regardless of the outcome, the Anthropocene concept has already achieved something important: it has made visible the scale of human impact on the planet. As one scientist put it, “Whether we call it an epoch or not, the Anthropocene is a reality.” 8.What is the main subject of the debate discussed in the passage? A. Whether the Anthropocene should be formally recognized as a new epoch. B. Whether the “Great Acceleration” actually occurred in 1950. C. Whether human activity has changed the Earth system. D. Whether climate change is caused by human activity. 9.According to the passage, what evidence supports the start of the Anthropocene in 1950? A. The discovery of new animal species. B. The invention of nuclear weapons and their testing. C. The increase in global temperatures and sea levels. D. The accumulation of plastics in the oceans. 10.The underlined phrase “geological event” in paragraph 3 is used to suggest that ______. A. the Anthropocene is too short to be considered a full epoch B. the Anthropocene is more significant than any previous epoch C. all geological changes should be considered events D. geologists do not believe in the concept of epochs 11.What does the author suggest is one potential benefit of formally recognizing the Anthropocene? A. It would prevent further human impact on the planet. B. It would encourage a shift in how people view their relationship with nature. C. It would provide more funding for geological research. D. It would allow scientists to study the past more easily. D ——Stanford Report, October 15, 2025（改编） A small community in rural Kenya has become the site of an innovative experiment in climate adaptation. The village of Nkoroi, which has been suffering from increasingly severe droughts, is testing a new approach to water management that combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. The project, run by the Kenya Water Institute and supported by Stanford researchers, involves the installation of solar-powered water pumps and the construction of small-scale water storage facilities. The pumps draw water from underground aquifers, which are then stored in tanks and distributed to households and farms through a community-managed system. A mobile app allows residents to monitor water levels and request maintenance. What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices. The village’s elders have mapped the area‘s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced. The combination of indigenous knowledge and modern technology has proven remarkably effective. “Our ancestors knew where to find water during dry seasons,” said James Mwangi, a village elder who helped design the project. “We are not replacing that knowledge. We are building on it with new tools.” The project has reduced water shortages by 40 percent during the dry season and has increased agricultural yields by 25 percent. The success has attracted attention from neighboring communities and government officials. Plans are underway to expand the model to five other villages in the region. 12.What distinguishes the Nkoroi water project from other water projects? A. It relies entirely on solar-powered technology. B. It combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. C. It receives funding from the Kenyan government. D. It only serves households, not farms. 13.According to the passage, what role did the village elders play in the project? A. They installed the solar-powered water pumps. B. They mapped water sources using oral histories and identified traditional techniques. C. They provided most of the funding for the project. D. They opposed the use of modern technology. 14.The underlined word “aquifers” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. underground layers of rock that hold water B. artificial reservoirs built above ground C. small streams that flow during rainy seasons D. large lakes that store rainwater 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Future of Solar Energy in Kenya B. Combining Tradition and Technology to Fight Drought C. The Failure of Modern Water Systems in Rural Africa D. How to Build a Community Water Pump 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——NPR, October 2026（改编） For decades, the standard advice for healthy sleep has been straightforward: get eight hours a night, keep a consistent schedule, and avoid caffeine in the evening. But new research suggests that for many people, sticking to a strict sleep schedule may actually cause more harm than good. The study, published in the journal Sleep, tracked over 2,000 adults for five years. (16) ______ Those who reported significant anxiety about meeting their sleep goals actually slept worse than those who maintained a more flexible attitude. “We found that people who put a lot of pressure on themselves to achieve perfect sleep often experience what we call ‘orthosomnia’ — a fixation on getting ideal sleep that leads to stress and anxiety,” said Dr. Elizabeth Miller, lead author of the study. (17) ______ The researchers also found that individuals who slept a consistent seven hours per night reported better health outcomes than those who strictly adhered to eight hours, suggesting that the optimal sleep duration may vary from person to person. (18) ______ The findings suggest that focusing on sleep quality rather than sleep quantity may be more beneficial. (19) ______ These include maintaining a cool, dark room, avoiding screens before bedtime, and winding down with relaxing activities. (20) ______ As one researcher put it, “If you’re sleeping well and waking up feeling refreshed, you’re probably getting the sleep you need — regardless of what the clock says.” 选项（A-G）： A. Participants who lost sleep could never catch up on weekends. B. Sleep quality is often measured by how easily you fall asleep. C. Participants who worried about their sleep tended to get less rest. D. Instead of focusing on hitting a specific number, experts suggest building good sleep habits. E. This is not surprising, as the stress of worrying about sleep often interferes with sleep itself. F. The conventional wisdom about eight hours may not apply to everyone. G. The most important thing is to feel rested, regardless of the number of hours. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国在生物多样性保护方面取得的进展——大熊猫、朱鹮、藏羚羊等濒危物种数量显著恢复，保护区面积超过国土面积18%，以及中国在全球生物多样性保护中的贡献。 第1题 答案：B 题干句意： 文章中提到的报告的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“China has made remarkable progress in biodiversity conservation over the past decade”直接说明报告主题是中国生物多样性保护的进展。A项“农村经济发展”未提及；C项“环境政策挑战”与“progress”相反；D项“气候变化国际合作”与“biodiversity”不符。故正确答案为B。 第2题 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，中国现在有多少国土面积被保护区覆盖？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The country‘s system of protected areas now covers more than 18 percent of its land area”直接说明超过18%。A项“少于10%”、B项“约15%”、D项“超过25%”均与数据不符。故正确答案为C。 第3题 答案：C 题干句意： 中国在昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架中扮演了什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“China played a key role in the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022”直接说明中国在框架通过中发挥了关键作用。A项“反对”、B项“提供主要资金”（文中仅提到“financial and technical support”但未说是“主要”）、D项“拒绝参与”均与文意相反。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了东京大学研发的WasteNet机器人，它利用近红外光谱技术以每分钟50个的速度分拣塑料瓶，准确率达95%，有望使塑料回收在经济上变得可行。 第4题 答案：B 题干句意： WasteNet解决的主要挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“One major obstacle is the difficulty of sorting plastics efficiently. Manual sorting is slow, expensive, and prone to errors, while traditional mechanical sorting systems often fail to distinguish between different types of plastics”直接说明主要挑战是高效准确地分拣塑料。A项“缺乏塑料垃圾”与“only about 9 percent... actually recycled”不符；C项“新塑料生产成本高”未提及；D项“回收厂人力短缺”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： WasteNet如何区分不同类型的塑料？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“WasteNet solves this problem by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Each type of plastic reflects light differently at specific wavelengths, and the robot‘s sensors can detect these differences instantly”直接说明使用近红外光谱检测光的反射差异。A项“测试强度”、C项“使用人工检查”、D项“读取标签”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“viable”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“viable”意为“可行的、有利可图的”。文中“make plastic recycling economically viable”指使塑料回收在经济上可行/有利可图，后文“create a market... that actually competes with virgin plastics”进一步说明。B项“不切实际的”、C项“危险的”、D项“简单的”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：B 题干句意： 作者提到WasteNet吸引了国际关注，目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查写作目的。最后一段提到“attracted interest from waste management companies and government agencies in Japan, Europe, and North America”说明这项创新具有全球相关性。A项“已广泛使用”与“working on scaling up”矛盾；C项“证明日本领先”不是主要目的；D项“其他国应效仿”过于绝对。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，讨论了科学家们是否应将当前时期正式认定为新的地质纪元——“人类世”，并探讨了正式认定可能带来的影响和意义。 第8题 答案：A 题干句意： 文中讨论的辩论的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕是否应将人类世正式认定为一个新的地质纪元展开讨论。B项“大加速是否发生”只是背景；C项“人类活动是否改变了地球系统”已无争议；D项“气候变化是否由人类引起”未提及。故正确答案为A。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，什么证据支持人类世始于1950年？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“including carbon dioxide spikes, microplastics, and radioactive isotopes from nuclear bomb tests”说明核试验产生的放射性同位素是证据之一。A项“新物种发现”未提及；C项“全球温度和海平面上升”未提及；D项“海洋塑料积累”虽为证据但文中明确提到的是“microplastics”，且“核试验”是区分1950年的关键标志。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：A 题干句意： 第三段中画线短语“地质事件”暗示了什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。第三段指出“Some geologists argue that the Anthropocene should be considered a geological ‘event’ rather than a formal epoch, because its duration is too short to compare with other epochs”直接说明认为人类世持续时间太短，不足以称为完整的纪元。B项“比任何过去纪元都重要”、C项“所有地质变化都应视为事件”、D项“地质学家不相信纪元概念”均与文意不符。故正确答案为A。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 作者认为正式承认人类世的一个潜在好处是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“It could also encourage a shift in consciousness — from seeing ourselves as separate from nature to recognizing that we are a geological force”直接说明有助于转变人类对自身与自然关系的认识。A项“阻止进一步影响”过于绝对；C项“提供更多研究资金”未提及；D项“便于研究过去”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文/说明文，介绍了肯尼亚Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的水资源管理项目，该项目使旱季水资源短缺减少40%，农业产量提高25%。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： Nkoroi水项目区别于其他水项目的特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices”直接说明其独特之处在于与传统实践的结合。A项“完全依赖太阳能技术”忽略传统；C项“获得政府资助”未提及；D项“仅服务家庭”与“households and farms”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，村中长辈在项目中扮演了什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The village‘s elders have mapped the area’s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced”直接说明长辈利用口述历史绘制水源地图并识别传统技术。A项“安装水泵”、C项“提供资金”、D项“反对现代技术”均与文意不符。故正确答案为B。 第14题 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“aquifers”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“aquifers”意为“含水层”——地下可储水的岩层。文中“draw water from underground aquifers”指从地下含水层抽水。B项“地上人工水库”、C项“雨季小河流”、D项“储水大湖”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第15题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的成功案例。A项“肯尼亚太阳能的未来”过于狭窄；C项“非洲现代水系统失败”与文意相反；D项“如何建造社区水泵”过于具体。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于睡眠的新研究发现——严格遵循八小时睡眠时间可能造成焦虑和压力，反而影响睡眠质量，专家建议关注睡眠质量而非睡眠时长。 第16题 答案：C 题干句意： 该研究追踪了2000多名成年人五年。（16）______ 那些报告对达成睡眠目标有严重焦虑的人实际上比那些保持更灵活态度的人睡得更差。 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句介绍研究，后句说明研究发现——睡眠焦虑者睡得差，C项“担心睡眠的参与者往往休息得更少”概括了研究发现，与后句具体数据对应。A项“错过睡眠永远补不回来”未提及；E项“这并不奇怪”适合第17空。故正确答案为C。 第17题 答案：E 题干句意： “我们发现那些给自己施加很大压力以达到完美睡眠的人经常经历我们所说的‘完美睡眠症’——对获得理想睡眠的执念导致压力和焦虑，”该研究的主要作者Elizabeth Miller博士说。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句引用Miller博士的话解释“orthosomnia”，E项“这并不奇怪，因为担心睡眠的压力本身就会干扰睡眠”解释了为什么这种执念会导致压力和焦虑。D项“建立良好睡眠习惯”更适合第19空。故正确答案为E。 第18题 答案：F 题干句意： 研究人员还发现，每晚睡眠时间稳定在七小时的个体比严格遵守八小时的人报告了更好的健康状况，这表明最佳睡眠时长可能因人而异。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查结论句。前句说明七小时可能比八小时更好，F项“关于八小时的传统智慧可能不适用于所有人”总结了该段的核心结论。G项“最重要的是感觉休息好了”更适合最后一段。故正确答案为F。 第19题 答案：D 题干句意： 研究结果表明，关注睡眠质量而非睡眠数量可能更有益。（19）______ 这些包括保持房间凉爽黑暗，睡前避免看屏幕，以及通过放松活动放松下来。 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句提出关注睡眠质量，后句列举具体建议，D项“专家建议不要专注于达到特定小时数，而是建立良好的睡眠习惯”概括了该段主旨，与后句“these include”的具体建议对应。G项“最重要的是感觉休息好了”更适合作为全文总结。故正确答案为D。 第20题 答案：G 题干句意： （20）______ 正如一位研究人员所说，“如果你睡得好并且醒来时感觉精力充沛，你可能得到了你需要的睡眠——无论时钟显示什么。” 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。后句引用研究者的话强调“感觉休息好了”的重要性，G项“最重要的是感觉休息好了，无论多少小时”准确概括了该段内容。A项“错过睡眠永远无法补回”未提及。故正确答案为G。 多余选项： A（错过睡眠永远补不回来——文中未讨论补觉问题）、B（睡眠质量通常通过入睡容易程度衡量——文中未明确定义） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “A small community in rural Kenya has become the site of an innovative experiment in climate adaptation, where the village of Nkoroi, which has been suffering from increasingly severe droughts, is testing a new approach to water management that combines traditional knowledge with modern technology.” 翻译： 肯尼亚农村的一个小社区已成为气候适应创新实验的场所，在那里，一直遭受日益严重干旱的Nkoroi村正在测试一种将传统知识与现代技术相结合的水资源管理新方法。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含非限制性定语从句和嵌套定语从句。 主句：A small community in rural Kenya（主语）has become（谓语）the site（宾语）of an innovative experiment in climate adaptation（介词短语作定语） 非限制性定语从句：, where the village of Nkoroi... is testing a new approach to water management...（where引导，修饰site） 非限制性定语从句：, which has been suffering from increasingly severe droughts（which引导，修饰Nkoroi） 定语从句：that combines traditional knowledge with modern technology（修饰approach） 2. 原句： “If the Anthropocene is formally recognized, it could have implications for how we think about humanity’s role in the Earth system, shaping public policy, environmental law, and conservation efforts in ways that could fundamentally alter how we approach environmental governance.” 翻译： 如果人类世被正式承认，它可能对我们如何看待人类在地球系统中的作用产生影响，以可能从根本上改变我们处理环境治理方式的方式塑造公共政策、环境法和保护工作。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含条件状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。 条件状语从句：If the Anthropocene is formally recognized 主句：it（主语）could have（谓语）implications（宾语）for how we think about humanity‘s role in the Earth system（介词短语作定语，其中how we think...为宾语从句） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, shaping public policy, environmental law, and conservation efforts（shaping的逻辑主语是前面整句内容） 定语从句：in ways that could fundamentally alter...（修饰ways） 宾语从句：how we approach environmental governance（作alter的宾语） “how we think about...”结构：how引导宾语从句，表示“我们如何思考……” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $