高考英语阅读理解C篇 之说明文 （二）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文高频话题，以定位原文、排除干扰为核心方法，系统训练细节理解与主旨归纳能力，融合文化意识与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文阅读|4篇16题（含传统工艺、环保等话题）|定位关键句、排除绝对化选项、归纳段落主旨|话题从传统榫卯到现代AI，覆盖文化传承与科技应用；题型含细节题（定位原文）、推理题（避免主观臆断）、主旨题（抓核心观点），形成“文本信息→逻辑分析→素养迁移”链条|

高考英语阅读理解 之说明文 Passage 1 话题：榫卯传统工艺 Passage 2 话题：室内绿植改善情绪 Passage 3 话题：食物浪费与环保 Passage 4 话题：AI助力乡村农产品销售 Passage 1 话题：榫卯传统工艺 Chinese mortise and tenon (榫卯) joint technology is a time-honored wood connection skill with a history of over 7,000 years. Unlike metal nails or glue, mortise and tenon links wood pieces tightly only through specially cut concave and convex structures. It has long been the core of traditional Chinese wooden architecture and furniture. The beauty of this skill lies in its balance of strength and flexibility. When temperature and humidity change, wood expands or shrinks. Nailed furniture often cracks, while mortise and tenon structures can move slightly without breaking. Ancient craftsmen designed different joints for different parts: wide boards use flat tenons for stability; delicate armchairs adopt hidden tenons for smooth surfaces. In modern times, many young people once ignored the craft because mass-produced furniture with screws was cheaper and faster to make. However, in recent years, mortise and tenon has regained popularity. Museums hold experience workshops for teenagers, and designers combine traditional joints with modern home styles. Some carpentry courses in vocational schools also add mortise and tenon training to pass down the heritage. Experts point out that mortise and tenon carries Chinese philosophical ideas—harmony without force. No extra fixings are forced into wood; every part fits naturally, just as people should get along with gentle respect. It is not merely a woodworking skill but a symbol of oriental wisdom. 1. What makes mortise and tenon different from modern furniture connections? A. It uses no nails or glue. B. It costs less time to produce. C. It fits all kinds of building materials. D. It appeared much later in history. 2. Why won’t mortise and tenon furniture crack easily? A. It is made of harder wood. B. Its structures allow slight movement. C. Craftsmen paint waterproof layers on it. D. Hidden tenons lock every wood piece firmly. 3. What helps mortise and tenon regain popularity now? A. Lower production costs. B. Support from modern media only. C. Related education and creative design. D. Disappearance of screw-made furniture. 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The future development of carpentry. B. The cultural meaning behind the craft. C. The practical advantages of wooden furniture. D. The comparison between eastern and western ideas. Passage 2 话题：室内绿植改善情绪 Bringing plants indoors is more than a way to decorate rooms. A series of studies from environmental psychology prove that houseplants effectively ease people’s mental pressure and improve work efficiency. Researchers divided office volunteers into two groups. Group A worked in rooms with several green plants, while Group B stayed in plain rooms without any vegetation. After a four-week experiment, Group A reported 32 percent less anxiety when facing heavy tasks. Their concentration test scores were also 18 percent higher than the other group. Scientists explain that human brains naturally relax when seeing green leaves, as ancient humans linked green plants with safe food and shelter. Besides mental benefits, indoor plants clean tiny harmful particles in the air. Snake plants and pothos can absorb formaldehyde (甲醛) given off by paint and furniture. Still, people need to avoid overwatering. Wet soil breeds mold, which will cause breathing discomfort instead of offering health advantages. Not all plants suit bedrooms either: jasmine releases strong smell at night that may disturb sleep. Many city residents worry they lack time to take care of plants. Experts suggest low-maintenance choices like succulents and zamioculcas, which only need watering once every two weeks. Simple green plants on desks or windowsills become cheap, natural tools to fight urban stress. 1. What is the experiment mainly designed to test? A. How plants clean indoor air. B. The influence of green plants on people’s mood and focus. C. Differences between various kinds of houseplants. D. Proper ways to grow plants in offices. 2. What risk comes with too much water for indoor plants? A. Formaldehyde increases quickly. B. Green leaves turn yellow overnight. C. Mold grows in wet soil. D. Plants give out strong bad smell. 3. Which plant is recommended for busy office workers? A. Jasmine. B. Snake plant. C. Succulent. D. Pothos. 4. What can we infer from the text? A. Green plants work better in bedrooms. B. Ancient people grew plants to reduce pressure. C. Low-effort plants still bring mental benefits. D. All houseplants can remove harmful chemicals fully. Passage 3 话题：食物浪费与环保 Food waste has become a serious environmental problem worldwide. The United Nations reports that nearly one-third of all food produced globally ends up thrown away each year, while hundreds of millions still face hunger. Wasting food means wasting water, farmland and energy used in planting, transporting and cooking. Restaurants and families create most food waste. Many restaurants prepare more dishes than customers can finish to meet large orders, and leftover dishes are usually thrown away for food safety rules. At home, people often buy too much food during sales, forget frozen ingredients, or throw away vegetables with slight surface damage. People wrongly believe small amounts of leftover food do no harm to the environment. Small daily changes can greatly cut waste. Shoppers can make shopping lists before buying food to avoid blind purchases. Families should store fruit and vegetables properly to lengthen their shelf life. Restaurants can offer half-sized dishes and encourage customers to take leftovers home with reusable boxes. Schools and communities also hold lectures to teach citizens the cost behind wasted food. If food waste were a country, it would rank the third largest producer of greenhouse gas on Earth. Rotting food buried in landfills releases methane, a gas that warms the planet far more seriously than CO₂. Reducing food waste is an easy and effective way for ordinary people to fight climate change. 1. What is the main cause of global food waste? A. Poor transport conditions for farm products. B. Leftovers from restaurants and household overbuying. C. Strict food safety laws against reusing leftovers. D. Low production of food in developing countries. 2. What mistake do many people make about food waste? A. They think slightly damaged vegetables are still eatable. B. They ignore greenhouse gas from rotting wasted food. C. They believe little leftover food has little environmental influence. D. They refuse to take restaurant leftovers home for convenience. 3. Which measure helps reduce food waste at home? A. Buying food when stores hold big sales. B. Making shopping plans in advance. C. Throwing old vegetables immediately. D. Storing all food in freezers. 4. Why is food waste related to climate change? A. Rotten food produces powerful greenhouse gas. B. Food production requires huge amounts of fuel. C. Transportation of wasted food burns lots of energy. D. Landfills for waste take up valuable planting land. Passage 4 话题：AI助力乡村农产品销售 Artificial intelligence (AI) is helping rural farmers sell local agricultural products outside villages, changing traditional slow sales modes. In the past, fruit and vegetable growers mainly depended on local market dealers, who set low purchase prices and limited sales channels. Now AI tools break this barrier. Farmers use AI live-streaming systems to broadcast product growing processes online. The AI program automatically translates live words into several foreign languages and edits short selling videos without extra editing workers. Another AI function analyzes market data: it predicts which fruits will be popular in different cities one month ahead, so farmers can adjust planting and shipping plans properly. AI also solves quality testing problems. Portable AI scanners check fruit sweetness, size and fresh condition within seconds. Bad products are picked out early to avoid customer complaints online. Before AI, farmers needed to send samples to distant testing stations, which wasted time and transport cost. Some elders in villages were worried about operating high-tech machines at first. Local governments arranged free one-week training courses. Young volunteers also visit farms to teach seniors basic AI operation steps. Over the past two years, rural online sales increased by over 60 percent in areas with AI sales support. Agricultural experts say AI does not replace farmers’ labor; it connects high-quality farm goods with wider markets. With digital technology, countryside products gain higher value, bringing steady higher income for village families. 1. What trouble did farmers meet with traditional sales ways? A. No ways to test product quality. B. Limited sales channels and low buying prices. C. High cost of foreign language translation. D. Unpredictable weather affecting crop output. 2. What can AI market analysis help farmers do? A. Produce short selling videos automatically. B. Forecast popular products in advance. C. Translate live broadcast words quickly. D. Scan fruit fresh condition in seconds. 3. How did villages solve old farmers’ difficulty with AI? A. They only let young farmers use AI tools. B. They provided free training and volunteer help. C. They designed simpler AI machines for seniors. D. They asked experts to operate equipment for farmers. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward AI in rural sales? A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Positive. D. Uninterested. Passage 1 详细解析： 1. 答案：A定位句：第一段第二句 Unlike metal nails or glue, mortise and tenon links wood pieces tightly only through specially cut concave and convex structures. 解析：榫卯不靠钉子、胶水固定，这是和现代连接件最大区别；B文中未提耗时更少；C只适用于木材，不是所有建材；D榫卯历史7000多年，出现更早，均排除。 2. 答案：B定位句：第二段第三句 Nailed furniture often cracks, while mortise and tenon structures can move slightly without breaking. 解析：温湿度变化木材会胀缩，榫卯可轻微活动，因此不易开裂；A、C原文无硬木、防水漆相关描述；D暗榫只用于精致扶手椅，不是不开裂的原因。 3. 答案：C定位句：第三段 museums hold workshops、designers combine joints with modern styles、vocational schools add training解析：博物馆体验活动、设计师创新融合、职校开设课程，对应相关教育与创意设计；A量产螺丝家具成本更低；B“only媒体”绝对化错误；D螺丝家具并未消失。 4. 答案：B定位句：最后一段 carries Chinese philosophical ideas、a symbol of oriental wisdom解析：和而不同、不恃外力，贴合原文harmony without force；本段讲榫卯承载“和而不同、不恃外力”的东方哲学，是工艺背后的文化内涵；A木工未来发展无提及；C实用优势是第二段内容；D未对比东西方思想。 Passage 2 详细解析: 1. 答案：B定位句：第二段 Group A less anxiety、higher concentration test scores 解析：实验对比有无绿植两组人的焦虑值与专注力分数，测试绿植对情绪、注意力的影响；A净化空气是第三段次要内容；C、D实验未对比植物品种、养护方法。 2. 答案：C定位句：第三段 Wet soil breeds mold, which will cause breathing discomfort解析：浇水过多，潮湿土壤滋生霉菌，引发呼吸道不适；A甲醛和浇水无关；B黄叶原文未提及；D夜间浓香是茉莉特点，不是积水后果。 3. 答案：C定位句：第四段 Experts suggest low-maintenance choices like succulents解析：多肉属于低维护植物，适合忙碌上班族；茉莉不适合卧室；虎尾兰、绿萝主打净化空气，并非推荐给没时间养护的人群。 4. 答案：C解析推断题：文末低养护绿植可缓解城市压力，说明低养护植物依然能带来心理益处；A茉莉夜间扰眠，绿植不适合卧室；B古人只是看见绿植会放松，并非刻意种植减压；D“all、fully”绝对化，错误。 Passage 3 详细解析: 1. 答案：B定位句：第二段第一句 Restaurants and families create most food waste，后文分别说明餐厅剩菜、家庭过量采购。 解析：全球食物浪费主要来自餐厅剩余菜品与家庭盲目多买；A运输差无原文依据；C食品安全法规只是餐厅倒剩菜的原因，不是全球浪费主因；D粮食产量低和浪费无关。 2. 答案：C定位句：第二段最后一句 People wrongly believe small amounts of leftover food do no harm to the environment. 解析：人们错误认为少量剩菜不会对环境造成危害；A人们会丢掉轻微破损蔬菜；B温室气体危害是第四段内容，不是大众普遍误区；D原文未说人们嫌麻烦不打包。 3. 答案：B定位句：第三段 Shoppers can make shopping lists before buying food to avoid blind purchases. 解析：提前列购物清单即提前规划采购，减少盲目囤货；A促销时容易过量购买，加剧浪费；C立刻丢弃蔬菜会增加浪费；D未说全部食物冷冻。 4. 答案：A定位句：第四段 Rotting food buried in landfills releases methane, a gas that warms the planet far more seriously than CO₂. 解析：填埋腐烂食物产生甲烷，强效温室气体加剧气候变暖；B、C生产运输耗能是浪费粮食的隐性损耗，不是直接关联气候变化的核心原因；D垃圾占地原文未提。 Passage 4 详细解析: 1. 答案：B定位句：第一段 local market dealers, who set low purchase prices and limited sales channels. 解析：传统模式下农户渠道受限，收购商压价；A过去有检测站，只是耗时；C外语翻译是AI直播优势，不是传统销售的麻烦；D天气问题全文无涉及。 2. 答案：B定位句：第二段 it predicts which fruits will be popular in different cities one month ahead. 解析：AI市场数据分析可提前预判各地热销农产品；A、C属于直播AI功能；D是便携扫描仪质检功能，不属于市场数据分析。 3. 答案：B定位句：第四段 free one-week training courses、Young volunteers also visit farms to teach seniors. 解析：政府免费培训+青年志愿者下乡教学，解决老年人操作难题；A只允许年轻人使用、C简化设备、D专家代操作均无原文依据。 4. 答案：C解析态度题：全文介绍AI拓宽销路、提升农产品价值、增加农户收入，全部为正面作用，作者持积极肯定态度；doubtful怀疑的，critical批判的，uninterested无兴趣的均不符合文意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $