专题03 Unit 3 Fit for life-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案-2027届高三英语译林版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理12个高考高频词汇，以“重病康复”语境串记语篇构建记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表等模块，引导学生通过语篇默写、关联阅读等任务自主梳理考点联系，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于自主学习支持与语言能力培养，如“语境串联复盘”让学生复述记忆链自测掌握情况，语法填空整合真题与模拟题诊断薄弱点，词汇升级练习提升表达精准度。通过词根联想、辨析对比等活动发展思维品质，帮助学生自主诊断提升，教师可依学情指导，实现因材施教。

专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：severe / affect / arise / identify / evidence / tackle / restrict / adjust / resistance / restore / ultimately / grateful （知识点来源：选择性必修二 Unit 3 · Fit for life + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 10 【练习题】 10 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 11 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Two years ago my grandmother fell ill. The doctors told us it was a severe heart problem, and it soon affected almost everything she did. New troubles arose nearly every week: she could not climb the stairs, she slept badly, and she often felt afraid at night. At the hospital a kind doctor spent a whole morning with her. He identified the real cause of the illness, and he showed us the evidence on the screen — three simple pictures of her heart. Then he told us how to tackle the problem step by step. He restricted the salt in her meals, and he asked her to adjust her daily habits, walking a little more each day. Slowly her body built up its resistance again. Her strength was restored month by month, and ultimately she was able to walk to the park alone. We are all grateful to that patient doctor, who taught us that a fit life is built out of small daily choices. 【中文译文】 两年前我奶奶病倒了。医生告诉我们那是一种（severe）严重的心脏疾病，它很快（affect）影响到了她做的几乎每一件事。新的麻烦几乎每周都会（arise）出现：她爬不动楼梯，睡不好觉，夜里还常常感到害怕。 在医院里，一位和善的医生陪了她整整一个上午。他（identify）查明了病的真正起因，还把（evidence）证据显示在屏幕上给我们看——那是三张她心脏的简单图像。随后他告诉我们该怎样一步步（tackle）应对这个问题。他（restrict）限制了她饭菜里的盐，还请她（adjust）调整每天的作息，每天多走一点路。 慢慢地，她的身体重新建立起了（resistance）抵抗力。她的体力一个月一个月地（restore）恢复了，（ultimately）最终她能够独自走到公园去。我们全家都很（grateful）感激那位耐心的医生，是他让我们懂得：健康的生活是由每天一个个微小的选择垒起来的。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：重病来袭→影响生活→麻烦频出→查明病因→出示证据→着手应对→限制饮食→调整习惯→重建抵抗力→体力恢复→最终康复→心怀感激 记忆链：severe → affect → arise → identify → evidence → tackle → restrict → adjust → resistance → restore → ultimately → grateful Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严峻的 ⚡考点：a severe illness/shortage 重病/严重短缺；be severe with/on sb 对某人严厉；severely adv. 严重地；severity n. 严重性 2 affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；侵袭（疾病）；感动 ⚡考点：affect（动词）与effect（名词）辨析；have an effect on；be deeply affected 深受感动；affection n. 喜爱 3 arise /əˈraɪz/ vi. 出现；发生；由…引起；起身 ⚡考点：arise—arose—arisen 不及物无被动；arise from/out of 由…引起；辨析arise/rise/raise/arouse 4 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 确认；识别；找出 vi. 认同 ⚡考点：identify sb/sth as…；identify with sb 理解某人；identity n. 身份；identification n. 身份证明；identical adj. 完全相同的 5 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明 vt. 表明 ⚡考点：不可数，a piece of evidence；evidence of/for；There is evidence that…同位语从句；in evidence 显而易见 6 tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 处理；解决；对付；抢断 n. 用具 ⚡考点：tackle a problem/an issue；tackle sb about sth；fishing tackle 渔具；辨析tackle/solve/deal with/address 7 restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 限制；限定；束缚 ⚡考点：restrict sth to sth；be restricted to；restrict sb from doing sth；restriction n. 限制；restricted adj. 受限的；保密的 8 adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vt./vi. 调整；调节；适应 ⚡考点：adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth 适应；adjustment n. 调整；make adjustments to；adjustable adj. 可调节的 9 resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 抵抗；抵制；抵抗力；阻力 ⚡考点：resistance to 对…的抵抗力；build up resistance；meet with resistance；resist v.（resist doing）；resistant adj. 10 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还；使复原 ⚡考点：restore order/confidence/health；restore sb to health 使某人康复；restoration n. 修复；辨析restore/recover/repair 11 ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终；最后；归根结底 ⚡考点：作状语可置于句首；ultimate adj. 最终的；the ultimate goal 终极目标；辨析ultimately/eventually/finally/in the end 12 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；感谢的 ⚡考点：be grateful to sb for sth；be grateful that从句；I would be grateful if you could…（书信高级句）；gratitude n. 感激 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严峻的 【核心考点】 severe是健康、灾害与社会问题类语篇的高频形容词。常用搭配a severe illness/injury/headache（重病/重伤/剧烈头痛）、a severe shortage of…（严重短缺）、severe weather conditions（恶劣天气）、severe damage（严重损害）、be severe with/on sb（对某人严厉）。副词severely adv.（严重地；严厉地）→ be severely injured/damaged；名词severity n.（严重性；严厉）→ the severity of the disease。辨析：severe（程度深、后果重，多修饰疾病、天气、损失）vs serious（严肃的；严重的，最通用）vs strict（规定、纪律上严格的，如a strict teacher）vs harsh（苛刻无情的，含贬义，如harsh words）。写"病情严重"首选a severe illness，写"老师严格"要用strict而非severe。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语severus"严肃的；未加修饰的"（se-"分开、离开"+ verus"真实"→ 只讲真话、不留情面）→ 严厉的→ 引申为程度深的、严重的。联想：ver"真实"→ very（真正地）、verify（核实）、severe（严厉的）；同族词persevere（坚持不懈，per-贯穿+severe严格→一直严格要求自己）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：severe adj. 朴素的；简朴的（指风格、样式，不加装饰）。熟义"严重的"之外，severe可形容衣着、建筑、设计的简约冷峻，如a severe black dress（一条素净的黑裙子）、a building of severe design（一座造型简朴的建筑）。此义在艺术与人物描写类阅读中偶有出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The old man is slowly recovering from a severe heart illness that kept him in bed for three months."（这位老人正从一场使他卧床三个月的严重心脏病中慢慢康复。）（经典原句·severe 严重的） 【搭配词块】 a severe illness 重病 / severe weather 恶劣天气 / be severe with sb 对某人严厉 / severely adv. 严重地 2. affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；侵袭（疾病）；感动 n. 情感（术语） 【核心考点】 affect是高考最经典的形近词辨析考点：affect为动词"影响"，effect为名词"影响；效果"，二者不可混用——记住"affect动、effect名"，写作中have a great effect on sth = greatly affect sth。常用搭配affect one's health/mood/decision（影响健康/心情/决定）、be badly affected by（受…严重影响）、the areas affected by the flood（受洪水影响的地区）。同源词affection n.（喜爱；深情）→ show affection for；affectionate adj.（充满深情的）。辨析：affect（施加影响，常为具体的、直接的作用）vs influence（潜移默化地影响，多指思想观念）vs impact（冲击性的强烈影响，多用作名词）。健康类语篇中"疾病影响器官"一律用affect。 【词根联想】 af-（=ad-，朝向，to）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做，do/make"的变体）→ 朝某物施加动作→ 影响。联想：fac/fect/fic"做"→ factory（工厂→做东西的地方）、fact（事实→做成的事）、effect（结果→做出来的东西）、perfect（完美的→彻底做好）、infect（感染→往里做）、affect（影响）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：affect vt. （疾病）侵袭；感染；vt. 使感动。熟义"影响"之外，affect在医学语篇中表示疾病"侵袭、累及"某器官，如The disease mainly affects the lungs（这种病主要侵袭肺部）；在记叙文中还可表示"深深打动"，如We were all deeply affected by her courage（我们都被她的勇气深深打动）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国乙卷·阅读D·affect表"影响"创作过程）"Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions."（事实上，研究人员发现面对面的互动和交谈会影响创作过程，而联合办公空间或咖啡馆既提供了一定程度的噪音，又让人免受打扰。）（真题原句·affect 影响） 【搭配词块】 affect one's health 影响健康 / be badly affected by 深受…影响 / effect n. 影响 / affection n. 喜爱 3. arise /əˈraɪz/ vi. 出现；发生；产生；（由…）引起；起身 【核心考点】 arise是语法填空高频不规则动词：arise—arose—arisen—arising，务必与rise、raise彻底区分。核心要点：arise是不及物动词，绝不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语；常与抽象名词搭配，如problems/difficulties/questions/disputes arise（问题/困难/疑问/争议出现）。短语arise from/out of sth（由…引起；因…产生），如Many accidents arise from carelessness。四词辨析（高考必考）：arise（vi. 抽象事物出现，arose/arisen）vs rise（vi. 上升，rose/risen）vs raise（vt. 举起；筹集，raised/raised）vs arouse（vt. 唤起；激起，aroused/aroused）。健康与社会话题中"新问题不断出现"标准表达就是New problems keep arising。 【词根联想】 a-（古英语加强语气前缀，"向上、出来"）+ rise（升起）→ 升起来、冒出来→ 出现；发生。联想：rise词族→ rise（上升）、arise（出现）、arouse（唤醒→使起来）、raise（举起→使某物起来），一个"起"字串起四词，注意及物与不及物之别。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：arise vi. 起身；起床（正式或文学用法）。熟义"出现"之外，arise在书面语中可表示人"站起来、起床"，如He arose at dawn and set off（他黎明起身出发了）、arise from the table（离席起身）。此义在文学类阅读与读后续写中偶见，日常口语中一般用get up。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·arose过去式表"出现"）"Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose."（如今，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领衔的一个研究团队已经查明了这一趋势是如何以及为何出现的。）（真题原句·arise 出现；产生） 【搭配词块】 problems arise 问题出现 / arise from 由…引起 / arose / arisen 不规则变化 / 辨析 rise / raise / arouse 4. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 确认；识别；找出；鉴定 vi. 认同；有同感 【核心考点】 identify是科普、医学与推理类语篇的核心动词。常用结构identify sb/sth as…（认出/确认…是…），如The body was identified as that of a missing sailor；identify the cause of…（查明…的起因）；be identified with（被认为与…有关）。不及物用法identify with sb（理解某人的感受；对某人产生共鸣），是读后续写中的高级表达。同源词群：identity n.（身份；特性）→ identity card、a sense of identity；identification n.（身份证明；识别）→ carry some identification；identical adj.（完全相同的）→ identical twins 同卵双胞胎。辨析：identify（经过判断确认某物的身份或性质）vs recognize（凭记忆认出熟悉的人或物）vs distinguish（区分两者的差异）vs discover（发现原本存在的事物）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语idem"相同的，the same"+ -fy（使…化）→ 使与某个已知对象等同起来→ 认出；确认。联想：ident"相同"→ identity（身份→使你成为你自己的那份"同一性"）、identical（完全相同的）、identification（身份证明）、identify（辨认）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：identify with sb/sth 认同；产生共鸣。熟义"辨认"之外，identify作不及物动词表示情感上的认同，如I can really identify with the heroine of the novel（我特别能与这部小说的女主人公产生共鸣）；identify oneself with 则表示"与…紧密联系；支持"。此义在人物与观点类阅读中高频出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After three days of tests, the doctors finally identified the virus that had caused the outbreak."（经过三天的检测，医生们终于确认了引发此次疫情暴发的病毒。）（经典原句·identify 确认；查明） 【搭配词块】 identify sth as 确认…是 / identify the cause 查明起因 / identify with sb 认同某人 / identity n. 身份 5. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明；迹象 vt. 表明；证明 【核心考点】 evidence是议论文与科普说明文的核心名词，语法填空常考evident→evidence的词形转换。用法要点：evidence为不可数名词，表"一条证据"须说a piece of evidence，绝不可写a evidence或evidences；常用搭配evidence of/for sth（…的证据）、There is (growing/strong/little) evidence that…（有越来越多的/有力的/几乎没有证据表明…，that引导同位语从句）、give/provide evidence（提供证据；作证）、in the light of new evidence（根据新证据）。形容词evident adj.（明显的）→ It is evident that…；副词evidently adv.（显然）。辨析：evidence（能证明事实的材料，正式且不可数）vs proof（确凿的证明，能一锤定音）vs clue（引导思路的线索）vs sign（迹象；征兆）。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ vid（拉丁语videre"看，see"）+ -ence（名词后缀）→ 能被看出来的东西→ 明证；证据。联想：vid/vis"看"→ video（视频）、visible（看得见的）、vision（视力；远见）、provide（预先看到→提供）、evident（明显的）、evidence（证据）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：in evidence 显眼的；显而易见的。熟义名词"证据"之外，evidence构成的短语in evidence作表语或状语，表示"引人注目地存在着"，如Police were much in evidence at the match（比赛现场警察随处可见）。此外evidence还可作及物动词表示"表明、证明"，如His skill is evidenced by his success。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"There is growing evidence that regular exercise greatly lowers the risk of heart disease."（越来越多的证据表明，规律运动能大大降低患心脏病的风险。）（经典原句·evidence 证据） 【搭配词块】 a piece of evidence 一条证据 / evidence of/for …的证据 / There is evidence that… / evident adj. 明显的 6. tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 处理；解决；对付；应对；擒抱抢断 n. 用具；装备 【核心考点】 tackle是写作与阅读中替换deal with的高分动词，尤其适合"应对难题"类主旨句。常用搭配tackle a problem/an issue/a challenge/climate change（应对问题/议题/挑战/气候变化）、tackle sth head-on（正面迎击，本单元短语）、tackle sb about/over sth（就某事与某人交涉）。体育语境中tackle表示"抢断；擒抱"，如tackle an opponent。名词义为"（尤指钓鱼的）用具"，如fishing tackle。辨析：tackle（主动着手处理棘手难题，语气积极有力）vs solve（把问题彻底解决，强调结果）vs deal with（处理，最通用中性）vs address（正式，着手应对重大议题）vs cope with（勉力应付，强调承受）。议论文中把deal with the problem升级为tackle the problem，档次立提。 【词根联想】 源自中古低地德语takel"（船上的）索具、装备"→ 抓住绳索、备齐家伙动手干→ 着手处理；对付。联想：tackle与attack（攻击）读音相近，可记作"抓起家伙正面攻"；名词义"渔具"保留了"装备"的本义，fishing tackle 一词最能体现词源。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tackle n. （尤指钓鱼的）用具；装备（不可数）。熟义动词"应对"之外，tackle作名词是集合概念，如He packed his fishing tackle into the car（他把钓具装进了车里）。在球类比赛报道中tackle还可作名词表示"一次抢断/擒抱"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new health programme is designed to tackle the sleep problems of office workers head-on."（这项新的健康计划旨在正面应对上班族的睡眠问题。）（经典原句·tackle 应对；解决） 【搭配词块】 tackle a problem 解决问题 / tackle sth head-on 正面应对 / fishing tackle 渔具 / 辨析 deal with / address 7. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 限制；限定；束缚；妨碍 【核心考点】 restrict是政策、健康与规则类语篇的高频动词。三大结构必背：restrict sth to sth（把…限制在…范围内），如Please restrict your talk to ten minutes；be restricted to（仅限于），如Membership is restricted to adults；restrict sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事，与prohibit sb from doing 同构，本单元并列考点）。名词restriction n.（限制；限制规定）→ place/impose restrictions on（对…加以限制）、without restriction（不受限制地）；形容词restricted adj.（受限的；狭小的）、restrictive adj.（限制性的）。辨析：restrict（在数量、范围、程度上加以限定，多为规则或人为设定）vs limit（设定上限，最通用）vs confine（限制在狭小空间内；卧床不起be confined to bed）vs prohibit（明令禁止，语气最强）。 【词根联想】 re-（往回，back）+ strict（拉丁语stringere"拉紧，绷紧"的过去分词strictus）→ 往回拉紧不让扩张→ 限制。联想：strict/string"拉紧"→ strict（严格的→绷得紧）、string（细绳）、strain（拉紧；压力）、restrain（抑制）、restrict（限制）、district（区→被划定界线的地段）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restricted adj. 保密的；内部使用的（文件、信息）。熟义"受限制的"之外，restricted在官方与军事语境中特指文件的密级，如restricted documents/information（机密文件/内部消息）；restricted area 则指"禁区、管制区"。此义在新闻类阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her doctor has restricted her to two cups of coffee a day and forbidden her to smoke."（她的医生把她的咖啡限制在每天两杯，并且禁止她吸烟。）（经典原句·restrict 限制） 【搭配词块】 restrict sth to sth 把…限制在 / be restricted to 仅限于 / restrict sb from doing 阻止某人做 / restriction n. 限制 8. adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vt. 调整；调节；校准 vi. 适应；习惯 【核心考点】 adjust是高考语法填空与写作双高频动词。两大用法：作及物动词表示"调整、调节"，如adjust the temperature/the seat/one's plan（调节温度/座椅/计划）；作不及物动词表示"适应"，固定搭配adjust to (doing) sth，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词，如It took him months to adjust to living alone（他花了几个月才适应独居），也可说adjust oneself to sth。名词adjustment n.（调整；适应）→ make adjustments to sth（对…作出调整）、make an adjustment to a new life；形容词adjustable adj.（可调节的）→ an adjustable desk。辨析：adjust to（主动作出改变以适应）vs adapt to（适应新环境，强调改变自身以求生存）vs get used to（习惯于，强调结果状态）vs suit（适合，不表主动调整）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ just（拉丁语justus"公正的；恰当的"）→ 使趋向恰当的状态→ 调整；校准。联想：just"正、公正"→ just（恰好；公正的）、justice（正义）、justify（证明…正当）、adjust（调到正好）、injustice（不公正）。记忆图像："把刻度拨到just（正好）的位置"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adjust to 适应（新环境、新生活）。熟义"调节"之外，adjust作不及物动词专表人对环境的心理适应，是读后续写与书面表达的高频短语，如adjust to the new school/the change of climate（适应新学校/气候变化）。切记介词to后接动名词，不可接动词原形。 【真题原句】 （2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·adjust表"调整"影响）"However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits."（不过，我们会对这种影响作出调整。如果一个超重的人吃得很多，我就会有所收敛，因为我看到了他饮食习惯造成的后果。）（真题原句·adjust 调整） 【搭配词块】 adjust to doing sth 适应做某事 / adjust the seat 调节座椅 / adjustment n. 调整 / adjustable adj. 可调节的 9. resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 抵抗；反抗；抵制；抵抗力；阻力 【核心考点】 resistance是健康与科技类语篇的核心名词。搭配要点：resistance to sth（对…的抵抗力/抵触，介词固定用to），如build up resistance to disease（增强对疾病的抵抗力）、resistance to change（对变革的抵触）；meet with strong resistance（遭到强烈抵制）；take the line of least resistance（走阻力最小的路，即"图省事"）。动词resist v.（抵抗；忍住）→ resist doing sth（忍住不做，只接动名词）、can't resist（忍不住）；形容词resistant adj.（有抵抗力的；抗…的）→ be resistant to antibiotics（对抗生素有耐药性），正是本单元drug resistance（耐药性）的核心考点。辨析：resistance（抵抗的行为或能力）vs opposition（公开的反对）vs immunity（免疫力，医学专用）vs objection（反对意见）。 【词根联想】 re-（反，back/against）+ sist（拉丁语sistere"站立，stand"）+ -ance（名词后缀）→ 站在对面顶住→ 抵抗；抵抗力。联想：sist"站"→ insist（坚持→站在里面不走）、persist（坚持不懈→一直站着）、consist（组成→一起站着）、assist（协助→站在旁边）、exist（存在→站出来）、resist（抵抗）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：resistance n. 电阻；（空气、水的）阻力。熟义"抵抗力"之外，resistance是物理学术语，如air resistance（空气阻力）、the resistance of a wire（导线的电阻）。此义在科普说明文与图表类阅读中常见，unit of resistance 即"电阻单位"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Eating more fresh vegetables helps children build up their resistance to common illnesses."（多吃新鲜蔬菜有助于孩子增强对常见疾病的抵抗力。）（经典原句·resistance 抵抗力） 【搭配词块】 resistance to 对…的抵抗力 / build up resistance 增强抵抗力 / resist doing 忍住不做 / resistant adj. 抗…的 10. restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；使复原；修复；归还；重新实行 【核心考点】 restore是文化遗产、健康与社会秩序类语篇的高级动词。四类核心搭配：restore order/peace/confidence/one's faith（恢复秩序/和平/信心/信念）；restore sb to health/power（使某人康复/复职）、be restored to full health（完全康复）；restore an old building/a painting（修复古建筑/画作）；restore sth to sb（把某物归还给某人）。名词restoration n.（恢复；修复；归还）。辨析：restore（把事物恢复到原先良好的状态，语体正式，及物）vs recover（vi. 康复；vt. 寻回，主语常是人）vs repair（修理损坏的物件，日常用词）vs renew（更新；续期）vs revive（使复苏，多指精神或传统）。注意"他康复了"要写He recovered或He was restored to health，不能说He restored。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，again）+ store（拉丁语staurare"竖立；建立"）→ 重新把它立起来→ 修复；恢复。联想：staur/stor"立"→ store（贮存→立起来存放）、storey（楼层→立起的一层）、restore（重新立起→修复）、instauration（更新，正式用词）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restore vt. 归还（失物、被夺之物）。熟义"恢复、修复"之外，restore在正式语体中表示"把某物交还原主"，常用结构restore sth to sb/sth，如The stolen painting was finally restored to the museum（那幅被盗的画作最终归还给了博物馆）。此义在新闻与文物类阅读中高频出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A month of careful nursing and simple food gradually restored the patient to full health."（一个月的悉心护理与清淡饮食使这位病人渐渐完全康复。）（经典原句·restore 使复原） 【搭配词块】 restore order 恢复秩序 / restore sb to health 使某人康复 / restore sth to sb 把…归还 / restoration n. 修复 11. ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终；最后；归根结底；根本上 【核心考点】 ultimately是议论文收尾与结论句的高分副词，可置于句首、句中或句末作状语。用法示例：Ultimately, it is our daily habits that decide our health（归根结底，是日常习惯决定了我们的健康，句首＋强调句，写作黄金句式）；All her efforts ultimately paid off（她所有的努力最终都得到了回报）。形容词ultimate adj.（最终的；根本的；极限的）→ the ultimate goal/aim（终极目标）、the ultimate cause（根本原因）；名词ultimatum n.（最后通牒）。四词辨析（高考常考）：ultimately（最终；归根结底，强调追根溯源后的结论）vs eventually（经过一段过程后终于，强调时间推移）vs finally（最后，常用于列举顺序的收尾）vs at last（终于，含期盼已久后如愿的情感色彩）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语ultimus"最远的；最末的"（ultra"超越、在…之外"的最高级）+ -ate + -ly→ 到了最末端→ 最终。联想：ultra-"超；极"→ ultraviolet（紫外线→超出紫色之外）、ultrasound（超声波）、ultimate（终极的）、ultimatum（最后通牒）、ultimately（最终）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ultimately adv. 归根结底；从根本上说（=basically/essentially）。熟义"最终"之外，ultimately常用于引出对本质原因的判断，与时间先后无关，如Ultimately, it is a question of money（说到底，这是个钱的问题）。区分要点：表时间用eventually，表本质用ultimately，这是高考副词辨析的常设陷阱。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ultimately, it is our daily choices, not expensive medicine, that decide how long and how well we live."（归根结底，决定我们活多久、活得多好的是日常的选择，而非昂贵的药物。）（经典原句·ultimately 归根结底） 【搭配词块】 ultimately succeed 最终成功 / the ultimate goal 终极目标 / ultimate adj. 最终的 / 辨析 eventually / finally 12. grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；感谢的；表示感谢的 【核心考点】 grateful是书面表达（尤其是感谢信、请求信）的必备形容词。三大句型必背：be grateful to sb for sth/doing sth（因某事感激某人），如I am grateful to you for your timely help；be grateful that…（很感激…，接从句）；I would be grateful if you could…（如蒙…将不胜感激，请求信最礼貌的高级句式，比Please…高一档）。名词gratitude n.（感激；谢意）→ express one's gratitude to sb（向某人表达谢意）、out of gratitude（出于感激）；副词gratefully adv.（感激地）；动词gratify v.（使满足）。辨析：grateful（对他人的帮助心存感激，对象是人或具体善意）vs thankful（庆幸；感恩，多指对好运或结果的庆幸，如be thankful that no one was hurt）vs appreciate（vt. 感激某事，后接事物或doing，不可接人，切勿写appreciate you）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gratus"令人愉快的；心怀谢意的"+ 形容词后缀-ful"充满…的"→ 满怀谢意的→ 感激的。联想：grat/grac"愉悦；恩惠"→ grace（优雅；恩典）、gratitude（感激）、congratulate（祝贺→共同致以美好）、gratify（使满意）、grateful（感激的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读D·grateful that引导从句）"There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help."（有过一些艰难的日子，我只觉得筋疲力尽。我很感激家人都在身边帮忙。）（真题原句·grateful 感激的） 【搭配词块】 be grateful to sb for sth 因…感激某人 / I would be grateful if… 如蒙…不胜感激 / gratitude n. 感激 / gratefully adv. Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- a severe illness / severely damaged affect effect (n.) affection (n.) affectionate (adj.) affect one's health / have an effect on arise arose (v.) arisen (v.) arising (v.) arise from / problems arise identify identity (n.) identification (n.) identical (adj.) identify sth as / identify with sb evidence evident (adj.) evidently (adv.) evidenced (v.) evidence of / There is evidence that tackle tackled (v.) tackling (v.) --- tackle a problem / fishing tackle restrict restriction (n.) restricted (adj.) restrictive (adj.) be restricted to / restrict sb from doing adjust adjustment (n.) adjustable (adj.) adjusted (v.) adjust to doing / make adjustments to resistance resist (v.) resistant (adj.) irresistible (adj.) resistance to / build up resistance restore restoration (n.) restored (v.) restorative (adj.) restore order / restore sb to health ultimately ultimate (adj.) ultimatum (n.) --- ultimately succeed / the ultimate goal grateful gratitude (n.) gratefully (adv.) gratify (v.) be grateful to sb for / I would be grateful if Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021·全国乙卷·阅读D）Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations ____________ (affection) the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D）Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend ____________ (arisen). 3.（2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D）However, we'll ____________ (adjustment) the influence. 4.（2021·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读D）I was ____________ (gratitude) that my family was there to help. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）The old man is slowly recovering from a ____________ (severely) heart illness that kept him in bed for three months. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）After three days of tests, the doctors finally ____________ (identification) the virus that had caused the outbreak. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）There is growing ____________ (evident) that regular exercise greatly lowers the risk of heart disease. 8.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The new health programme is designed to ____________ (tackled) the sleep problems of office workers head-on. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）Her doctor has ____________ (restriction) her to two cups of coffee a day since last winter. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）Eating more fresh vegetables helps children build up their ____________ (resist) to common illnesses. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）A month of careful nursing and simple food gradually ____________ (restoration) the patient to full health. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）____________ (Ultimate), it is our daily choices rather than expensive medicine that decide how well we live. 13.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Many first-year students find it hard to ____________ (adjustable) to the fast pace of senior high school. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Several new difficulties ____________ (arisen) last winter when the village clinic tried to serve more patients. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Air pollution seriously ____________ (affection) the health of the people living near that old factory. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 两年前我奶奶病倒了。医生说那是一种____________（严重的）心脏疾病，它很快____________（影响）到了她做的几乎每一件事；新的麻烦几乎每周都会____________（出现）：她爬不动楼梯，睡不好觉，夜里还常常感到害怕。 在医院里，一位和善的医生____________（查明）了病的真正起因，还把____________（证据）显示在屏幕上给我们看；随后他告诉我们该怎样一步步____________（应对）这个问题，他____________（限制）了她饭菜里的盐，还请她____________（调整）每天的作息。 慢慢地，她的身体重新建立起了____________（抵抗力），体力也一个月一个月地____________（恢复）了，____________（最终）她能够独自走到公园去；我们全家都很____________（感激）那位耐心的医生。 Part 7 关联阅读 When Dr. Lin arrived in the mountain village of Shuanghe six years ago, the small clinic had one desk, two beds and almost no medicine. Most of her patients were farmers over sixty, and many of them had lived for years with a severe cough that no one had ever explained to them. The nearest hospital was a four-hour bus ride away, so small problems were often left alone at home until they finally grew large enough to affect a whole family's income. Difficulties arose from the very first week. Dr. Lin could not identify the cause of the cough simply by listening to her patients' chests, and she had no machine to give her the evidence she needed. Instead of waiting for help from the county, she decided to tackle the problem in her own way. Every evening she visited three houses and wrote down what people ate, how they cooked and where the smoke from their stoves went. After four months her notebooks told a clear story: the kitchens, not the mountain weather, were making people ill. Changing an old village habit is much harder than writing a report. Dr. Lin never restricted anything by force. She simply asked each family to adjust one small thing — to open a window, to move the stove, or to build a short chimney out of cheap pipe. Neighbours laughed at her at first, but after a single winter the coughing in those houses grew much quieter, and the villagers' resistance to colds and flu clearly improved. Then the laughing stopped and the requests began. Today forty-one kitchens have been rebuilt, and the county has restored the old school building beside the clinic as a small health centre. Dr. Lin says that she has cured nobody; she has only helped people notice what was already standing in front of them. The villagers disagree. They say that a doctor who ultimately gives you back your breath has given you back your life, and they are grateful in the quiet, practical way that country people usually are. 1. What do we learn about Shuanghe village from paragraph 1? A. Its clinic was short of doctors rather than of equipment. B. Its farmers trusted old customs more than modern medicine. C. Its people often delayed treatment because of the distance. D. Its main illness was caused by the cold mountain weather. 2. How did Dr. Lin find out the real cause of the villagers' cough? A. By recording the daily habits of the local families. B. By sending her patients to the county hospital for tests. C. By comparing her notes with official weather records. D. By borrowing a machine from a nearby health centre. 3. What does paragraph 3 suggest about Dr. Lin's method? A. It depended on strict rules set by the county office. B. It cost each village family a large sum of money. C. It worked only with the youngest families in the village. D. It relied on gentle advice rather than on orders. 4. What is the villagers' attitude towards Dr. Lin? A. Curious. B. Thankful. C. Doubtful. D. Sympathetic. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：severe, affect, arise, identify, evidence, tackle, restrict, adjust, resistance, restore, ultimately, grateful Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. severe — ____________ 2. affect — ____________ 3. arise — ____________ 4. identify — ____________ 5. evidence — ____________ 6. tackle — ____________ 7. restrict — ____________ 8. adjust — ____________ 9. resistance — ____________ 10. restore — ____________ 11. ultimately — ____________ 12. grateful — ____________ 13. severity — ____________ 14. identity — ____________ 15. restriction — ____________ 16. adjustment — ____________ 17. gratitude — ____________ 18. evident — ____________ 19. arise from — ____________ 20. be grateful to sb for sth — ____________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. My grandmother suffered from a very serious heart problem last winter. → My grandmother suffered from a very ____________ heart problem last winter. 2. Too much salt can influence your blood pressure in a very bad way. → Too much salt can ____________ your blood pressure in a very bad way. 3. New problems came up when the small village clinic opened last month. → New problems ____________ when the small village clinic opened last month. 4. The doctors could not find out the cause of her cough at the beginning. → The doctors could not ____________ the cause of her cough at the beginning. 5. The nurse showed us clear proof that the new medicine was working well. → The nurse showed us clear ____________ that the new medicine was working well. 6. Our school is trying to deal with the problem of student sleep loss. → Our school is trying to ____________ the problem of student sleep loss. 7. The doctor asked my father to limit the amount of sugar he eats. → The doctor asked my father to ____________ the amount of sugar he eats. 8. It took the old man a long time to get used to his new diet. → It took the old man a long time to ____________ to his new diet. 9. Fresh fruit and enough sleep improve your power to fight off illness. → Fresh fruit and enough sleep improve your ____________ to illness. 10. A month of good food and rest brought back her strength completely. → A month of good food and rest ____________ her strength completely. 11. In the end, our daily habits decide how healthy we are going to be. → ____________, our daily habits decide how healthy we are going to be. 12. We are all very thankful to the young doctor who stayed in our village. → We are all very ____________ to the young doctor who stayed in our village. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：severe → affect → arise → identify → evidence → tackle → restrict → adjust → resistance → restore → ultimately → grateful 复述模板（填空）： 两年前奶奶病倒了，医生说那是一种____________（严重的）心脏疾病，它很快____________（影响）到了她做的每一件事。 新的麻烦几乎每周都会____________（出现）；一位和善的医生____________（查明）了真正的病因，并把____________（证据）显示在屏幕上给我们看。 他告诉我们怎样一步步____________（应对）这个问题，____________（限制）了饭菜里的盐，还请奶奶____________（调整）每天的作息。 慢慢地她的身体重建了____________（抵抗力），体力逐月____________（恢复），____________（最终）她能独自走到公园；我们全家都很____________（感激）那位耐心的医生。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ $专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：severe / affect / arise / identify / evidence / tackle / restrict / adjust / resistance / restore / ultimately / grateful （知识点来源：选择性必修二 Unit 3 · Fit for life + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 11 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 13 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Two years ago my grandmother fell ill. The doctors told us it was a severe heart problem, and it soon affected almost everything she did. New troubles arose nearly every week: she could not climb the stairs, she slept badly, and she often felt afraid at night. At the hospital a kind doctor spent a whole morning with her. He identified the real cause of the illness, and he showed us the evidence on the screen — three simple pictures of her heart. Then he told us how to tackle the problem step by step. He restricted the salt in her meals, and he asked her to adjust her daily habits, walking a little more each day. Slowly her body built up its resistance again. Her strength was restored month by month, and ultimately she was able to walk to the park alone. We are all grateful to that patient doctor, who taught us that a fit life is built out of small daily choices. 【中文译文】 两年前我奶奶病倒了。医生告诉我们那是一种（severe）严重的心脏疾病，它很快（affect）影响到了她做的几乎每一件事。新的麻烦几乎每周都会（arise）出现：她爬不动楼梯，睡不好觉，夜里还常常感到害怕。 在医院里，一位和善的医生陪了她整整一个上午。他（identify）查明了病的真正起因，还把（evidence）证据显示在屏幕上给我们看——那是三张她心脏的简单图像。随后他告诉我们该怎样一步步（tackle）应对这个问题。他（restrict）限制了她饭菜里的盐，还请她（adjust）调整每天的作息，每天多走一点路。 慢慢地，她的身体重新建立起了（resistance）抵抗力。她的体力一个月一个月地（restore）恢复了，（ultimately）最终她能够独自走到公园去。我们全家都很（grateful）感激那位耐心的医生，是他让我们懂得：健康的生活是由每天一个个微小的选择垒起来的。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：重病来袭→影响生活→麻烦频出→查明病因→出示证据→着手应对→限制饮食→调整习惯→重建抵抗力→体力恢复→最终康复→心怀感激 记忆链：severe → affect → arise → identify → evidence → tackle → restrict → adjust → resistance → restore → ultimately → grateful Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严峻的 ⚡考点：a severe illness/shortage 重病/严重短缺；be severe with/on sb 对某人严厉；severely adv. 严重地；severity n. 严重性 2 affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；侵袭（疾病）；感动 ⚡考点：affect（动词）与effect（名词）辨析；have an effect on；be deeply affected 深受感动；affection n. 喜爱 3 arise /əˈraɪz/ vi. 出现；发生；由…引起；起身 ⚡考点：arise—arose—arisen 不及物无被动；arise from/out of 由…引起；辨析arise/rise/raise/arouse 4 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 确认；识别；找出 vi. 认同 ⚡考点：identify sb/sth as…；identify with sb 理解某人；identity n. 身份；identification n. 身份证明；identical adj. 完全相同的 5 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明 vt. 表明 ⚡考点：不可数，a piece of evidence；evidence of/for；There is evidence that…同位语从句；in evidence 显而易见 6 tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 处理；解决；对付；抢断 n. 用具 ⚡考点：tackle a problem/an issue；tackle sb about sth；fishing tackle 渔具；辨析tackle/solve/deal with/address 7 restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 限制；限定；束缚 ⚡考点：restrict sth to sth；be restricted to；restrict sb from doing sth；restriction n. 限制；restricted adj. 受限的；保密的 8 adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vt./vi. 调整；调节；适应 ⚡考点：adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth 适应；adjustment n. 调整；make adjustments to；adjustable adj. 可调节的 9 resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 抵抗；抵制；抵抗力；阻力 ⚡考点：resistance to 对…的抵抗力；build up resistance；meet with resistance；resist v.（resist doing）；resistant adj. 10 restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；归还；使复原 ⚡考点：restore order/confidence/health；restore sb to health 使某人康复；restoration n. 修复；辨析restore/recover/repair 11 ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终；最后；归根结底 ⚡考点：作状语可置于句首；ultimate adj. 最终的；the ultimate goal 终极目标；辨析ultimately/eventually/finally/in the end 12 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；感谢的 ⚡考点：be grateful to sb for sth；be grateful that从句；I would be grateful if you could…（书信高级句）；gratitude n. 感激 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严峻的 【核心考点】 severe是健康、灾害与社会问题类语篇的高频形容词。常用搭配a severe illness/injury/headache（重病/重伤/剧烈头痛）、a severe shortage of…（严重短缺）、severe weather conditions（恶劣天气）、severe damage（严重损害）、be severe with/on sb（对某人严厉）。副词severely adv.（严重地；严厉地）→ be severely injured/damaged；名词severity n.（严重性；严厉）→ the severity of the disease。辨析：severe（程度深、后果重，多修饰疾病、天气、损失）vs serious（严肃的；严重的，最通用）vs strict（规定、纪律上严格的，如a strict teacher）vs harsh（苛刻无情的，含贬义，如harsh words）。写"病情严重"首选a severe illness，写"老师严格"要用strict而非severe。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语severus"严肃的；未加修饰的"（se-"分开、离开"+ verus"真实"→ 只讲真话、不留情面）→ 严厉的→ 引申为程度深的、严重的。联想：ver"真实"→ very（真正地）、verify（核实）、severe（严厉的）；同族词persevere（坚持不懈，per-贯穿+severe严格→一直严格要求自己）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：severe adj. 朴素的；简朴的（指风格、样式，不加装饰）。熟义"严重的"之外，severe可形容衣着、建筑、设计的简约冷峻，如a severe black dress（一条素净的黑裙子）、a building of severe design（一座造型简朴的建筑）。此义在艺术与人物描写类阅读中偶有出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The old man is slowly recovering from a severe heart illness that kept him in bed for three months."（这位老人正从一场使他卧床三个月的严重心脏病中慢慢康复。）（经典原句·severe 严重的） 【搭配词块】 a severe illness 重病 / severe weather 恶劣天气 / be severe with sb 对某人严厉 / severely adv. 严重地 2. affect /əˈfekt/ vt. 影响；侵袭（疾病）；感动 n. 情感（术语） 【核心考点】 affect是高考最经典的形近词辨析考点：affect为动词"影响"，effect为名词"影响；效果"，二者不可混用——记住"affect动、effect名"，写作中have a great effect on sth = greatly affect sth。常用搭配affect one's health/mood/decision（影响健康/心情/决定）、be badly affected by（受…严重影响）、the areas affected by the flood（受洪水影响的地区）。同源词affection n.（喜爱；深情）→ show affection for；affectionate adj.（充满深情的）。辨析：affect（施加影响，常为具体的、直接的作用）vs influence（潜移默化地影响，多指思想观念）vs impact（冲击性的强烈影响，多用作名词）。健康类语篇中"疾病影响器官"一律用affect。 【词根联想】 af-（=ad-，朝向，to）+ fect（拉丁语facere"做，do/make"的变体）→ 朝某物施加动作→ 影响。联想：fac/fect/fic"做"→ factory（工厂→做东西的地方）、fact（事实→做成的事）、effect（结果→做出来的东西）、perfect（完美的→彻底做好）、infect（感染→往里做）、affect（影响）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：affect vt. （疾病）侵袭；感染；vt. 使感动。熟义"影响"之外，affect在医学语篇中表示疾病"侵袭、累及"某器官，如The disease mainly affects the lungs（这种病主要侵袭肺部）；在记叙文中还可表示"深深打动"，如We were all deeply affected by her courage（我们都被她的勇气深深打动）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国乙卷·阅读D·affect表"影响"创作过程）"Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions."（事实上，研究人员发现面对面的互动和交谈会影响创作过程，而联合办公空间或咖啡馆既提供了一定程度的噪音，又让人免受打扰。）（真题原句·affect 影响） 【搭配词块】 affect one's health 影响健康 / be badly affected by 深受…影响 / effect n. 影响 / affection n. 喜爱 3. arise /əˈraɪz/ vi. 出现；发生；产生；（由…）引起；起身 【核心考点】 arise是语法填空高频不规则动词：arise—arose—arisen—arising，务必与rise、raise彻底区分。核心要点：arise是不及物动词，绝不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语；常与抽象名词搭配，如problems/difficulties/questions/disputes arise（问题/困难/疑问/争议出现）。短语arise from/out of sth（由…引起；因…产生），如Many accidents arise from carelessness。四词辨析（高考必考）：arise（vi. 抽象事物出现，arose/arisen）vs rise（vi. 上升，rose/risen）vs raise（vt. 举起；筹集，raised/raised）vs arouse（vt. 唤起；激起，aroused/aroused）。健康与社会话题中"新问题不断出现"标准表达就是New problems keep arising。 【词根联想】 a-（古英语加强语气前缀，"向上、出来"）+ rise（升起）→ 升起来、冒出来→ 出现；发生。联想：rise词族→ rise（上升）、arise（出现）、arouse（唤醒→使起来）、raise（举起→使某物起来），一个"起"字串起四词，注意及物与不及物之别。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：arise vi. 起身；起床（正式或文学用法）。熟义"出现"之外，arise在书面语中可表示人"站起来、起床"，如He arose at dawn and set off（他黎明起身出发了）、arise from the table（离席起身）。此义在文学类阅读与读后续写中偶见，日常口语中一般用get up。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·arose过去式表"出现"）"Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose."（如今，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领衔的一个研究团队已经查明了这一趋势是如何以及为何出现的。）（真题原句·arise 出现；产生） 【搭配词块】 problems arise 问题出现 / arise from 由…引起 / arose / arisen 不规则变化 / 辨析 rise / raise / arouse 4. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt. 确认；识别；找出；鉴定 vi. 认同；有同感 【核心考点】 identify是科普、医学与推理类语篇的核心动词。常用结构identify sb/sth as…（认出/确认…是…），如The body was identified as that of a missing sailor；identify the cause of…（查明…的起因）；be identified with（被认为与…有关）。不及物用法identify with sb（理解某人的感受；对某人产生共鸣），是读后续写中的高级表达。同源词群：identity n.（身份；特性）→ identity card、a sense of identity；identification n.（身份证明；识别）→ carry some identification；identical adj.（完全相同的）→ identical twins 同卵双胞胎。辨析：identify（经过判断确认某物的身份或性质）vs recognize（凭记忆认出熟悉的人或物）vs distinguish（区分两者的差异）vs discover（发现原本存在的事物）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语idem"相同的，the same"+ -fy（使…化）→ 使与某个已知对象等同起来→ 认出；确认。联想：ident"相同"→ identity（身份→使你成为你自己的那份"同一性"）、identical（完全相同的）、identification（身份证明）、identify（辨认）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：identify with sb/sth 认同；产生共鸣。熟义"辨认"之外，identify作不及物动词表示情感上的认同，如I can really identify with the heroine of the novel（我特别能与这部小说的女主人公产生共鸣）；identify oneself with 则表示"与…紧密联系；支持"。此义在人物与观点类阅读中高频出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"After three days of tests, the doctors finally identified the virus that had caused the outbreak."（经过三天的检测，医生们终于确认了引发此次疫情暴发的病毒。）（经典原句·identify 确认；查明） 【搭配词块】 identify sth as 确认…是 / identify the cause 查明起因 / identify with sb 认同某人 / identity n. 身份 5. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据；证明；迹象 vt. 表明；证明 【核心考点】 evidence是议论文与科普说明文的核心名词，语法填空常考evident→evidence的词形转换。用法要点：evidence为不可数名词，表"一条证据"须说a piece of evidence，绝不可写a evidence或evidences；常用搭配evidence of/for sth（…的证据）、There is (growing/strong/little) evidence that…（有越来越多的/有力的/几乎没有证据表明…，that引导同位语从句）、give/provide evidence（提供证据；作证）、in the light of new evidence（根据新证据）。形容词evident adj.（明显的）→ It is evident that…；副词evidently adv.（显然）。辨析：evidence（能证明事实的材料，正式且不可数）vs proof（确凿的证明，能一锤定音）vs clue（引导思路的线索）vs sign（迹象；征兆）。 【词根联想】 e-（=ex-，向外，out）+ vid（拉丁语videre"看，see"）+ -ence（名词后缀）→ 能被看出来的东西→ 明证；证据。联想：vid/vis"看"→ video（视频）、visible（看得见的）、vision（视力；远见）、provide（预先看到→提供）、evident（明显的）、evidence（证据）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：in evidence 显眼的；显而易见的。熟义名词"证据"之外，evidence构成的短语in evidence作表语或状语，表示"引人注目地存在着"，如Police were much in evidence at the match（比赛现场警察随处可见）。此外evidence还可作及物动词表示"表明、证明"，如His skill is evidenced by his success。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"There is growing evidence that regular exercise greatly lowers the risk of heart disease."（越来越多的证据表明，规律运动能大大降低患心脏病的风险。）（经典原句·evidence 证据） 【搭配词块】 a piece of evidence 一条证据 / evidence of/for …的证据 / There is evidence that… / evident adj. 明显的 6. tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 处理；解决；对付；应对；擒抱抢断 n. 用具；装备 【核心考点】 tackle是写作与阅读中替换deal with的高分动词，尤其适合"应对难题"类主旨句。常用搭配tackle a problem/an issue/a challenge/climate change（应对问题/议题/挑战/气候变化）、tackle sth head-on（正面迎击，本单元短语）、tackle sb about/over sth（就某事与某人交涉）。体育语境中tackle表示"抢断；擒抱"，如tackle an opponent。名词义为"（尤指钓鱼的）用具"，如fishing tackle。辨析：tackle（主动着手处理棘手难题，语气积极有力）vs solve（把问题彻底解决，强调结果）vs deal with（处理，最通用中性）vs address（正式，着手应对重大议题）vs cope with（勉力应付，强调承受）。议论文中把deal with the problem升级为tackle the problem，档次立提。 【词根联想】 源自中古低地德语takel"（船上的）索具、装备"→ 抓住绳索、备齐家伙动手干→ 着手处理；对付。联想：tackle与attack（攻击）读音相近，可记作"抓起家伙正面攻"；名词义"渔具"保留了"装备"的本义，fishing tackle 一词最能体现词源。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tackle n. （尤指钓鱼的）用具；装备（不可数）。熟义动词"应对"之外，tackle作名词是集合概念，如He packed his fishing tackle into the car（他把钓具装进了车里）。在球类比赛报道中tackle还可作名词表示"一次抢断/擒抱"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new health programme is designed to tackle the sleep problems of office workers head-on."（这项新的健康计划旨在正面应对上班族的睡眠问题。）（经典原句·tackle 应对；解决） 【搭配词块】 tackle a problem 解决问题 / tackle sth head-on 正面应对 / fishing tackle 渔具 / 辨析 deal with / address 7. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 限制；限定；束缚；妨碍 【核心考点】 restrict是政策、健康与规则类语篇的高频动词。三大结构必背：restrict sth to sth（把…限制在…范围内），如Please restrict your talk to ten minutes；be restricted to（仅限于），如Membership is restricted to adults；restrict sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事，与prohibit sb from doing 同构，本单元并列考点）。名词restriction n.（限制；限制规定）→ place/impose restrictions on（对…加以限制）、without restriction（不受限制地）；形容词restricted adj.（受限的；狭小的）、restrictive adj.（限制性的）。辨析：restrict（在数量、范围、程度上加以限定，多为规则或人为设定）vs limit（设定上限，最通用）vs confine（限制在狭小空间内；卧床不起be confined to bed）vs prohibit（明令禁止，语气最强）。 【词根联想】 re-（往回，back）+ strict（拉丁语stringere"拉紧，绷紧"的过去分词strictus）→ 往回拉紧不让扩张→ 限制。联想：strict/string"拉紧"→ strict（严格的→绷得紧）、string（细绳）、strain（拉紧；压力）、restrain（抑制）、restrict（限制）、district（区→被划定界线的地段）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restricted adj. 保密的；内部使用的（文件、信息）。熟义"受限制的"之外，restricted在官方与军事语境中特指文件的密级，如restricted documents/information（机密文件/内部消息）；restricted area 则指"禁区、管制区"。此义在新闻类阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her doctor has restricted her to two cups of coffee a day and forbidden her to smoke."（她的医生把她的咖啡限制在每天两杯，并且禁止她吸烟。）（经典原句·restrict 限制） 【搭配词块】 restrict sth to sth 把…限制在 / be restricted to 仅限于 / restrict sb from doing 阻止某人做 / restriction n. 限制 8. adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vt. 调整；调节；校准 vi. 适应；习惯 【核心考点】 adjust是高考语法填空与写作双高频动词。两大用法：作及物动词表示"调整、调节"，如adjust the temperature/the seat/one's plan（调节温度/座椅/计划）；作不及物动词表示"适应"，固定搭配adjust to (doing) sth，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词，如It took him months to adjust to living alone（他花了几个月才适应独居），也可说adjust oneself to sth。名词adjustment n.（调整；适应）→ make adjustments to sth（对…作出调整）、make an adjustment to a new life；形容词adjustable adj.（可调节的）→ an adjustable desk。辨析：adjust to（主动作出改变以适应）vs adapt to（适应新环境，强调改变自身以求生存）vs get used to（习惯于，强调结果状态）vs suit（适合，不表主动调整）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ just（拉丁语justus"公正的；恰当的"）→ 使趋向恰当的状态→ 调整；校准。联想：just"正、公正"→ just（恰好；公正的）、justice（正义）、justify（证明…正当）、adjust（调到正好）、injustice（不公正）。记忆图像："把刻度拨到just（正好）的位置"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adjust to 适应（新环境、新生活）。熟义"调节"之外，adjust作不及物动词专表人对环境的心理适应，是读后续写与书面表达的高频短语，如adjust to the new school/the change of climate（适应新学校/气候变化）。切记介词to后接动名词，不可接动词原形。 【真题原句】 （2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D·adjust表"调整"影响）"However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits."（不过，我们会对这种影响作出调整。如果一个超重的人吃得很多，我就会有所收敛，因为我看到了他饮食习惯造成的后果。）（真题原句·adjust 调整） 【搭配词块】 adjust to doing sth 适应做某事 / adjust the seat 调节座椅 / adjustment n. 调整 / adjustable adj. 可调节的 9. resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ n. 抵抗；反抗；抵制；抵抗力；阻力 【核心考点】 resistance是健康与科技类语篇的核心名词。搭配要点：resistance to sth（对…的抵抗力/抵触，介词固定用to），如build up resistance to disease（增强对疾病的抵抗力）、resistance to change（对变革的抵触）；meet with strong resistance（遭到强烈抵制）；take the line of least resistance（走阻力最小的路，即"图省事"）。动词resist v.（抵抗；忍住）→ resist doing sth（忍住不做，只接动名词）、can't resist（忍不住）；形容词resistant adj.（有抵抗力的；抗…的）→ be resistant to antibiotics（对抗生素有耐药性），正是本单元drug resistance（耐药性）的核心考点。辨析：resistance（抵抗的行为或能力）vs opposition（公开的反对）vs immunity（免疫力，医学专用）vs objection（反对意见）。 【词根联想】 re-（反，back/against）+ sist（拉丁语sistere"站立，stand"）+ -ance（名词后缀）→ 站在对面顶住→ 抵抗；抵抗力。联想：sist"站"→ insist（坚持→站在里面不走）、persist（坚持不懈→一直站着）、consist（组成→一起站着）、assist（协助→站在旁边）、exist（存在→站出来）、resist（抵抗）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：resistance n. 电阻；（空气、水的）阻力。熟义"抵抗力"之外，resistance是物理学术语，如air resistance（空气阻力）、the resistance of a wire（导线的电阻）。此义在科普说明文与图表类阅读中常见，unit of resistance 即"电阻单位"。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Eating more fresh vegetables helps children build up their resistance to common illnesses."（多吃新鲜蔬菜有助于孩子增强对常见疾病的抵抗力。）（经典原句·resistance 抵抗力） 【搭配词块】 resistance to 对…的抵抗力 / build up resistance 增强抵抗力 / resist doing 忍住不做 / resistant adj. 抗…的 10. restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ vt. 恢复；使复原；修复；归还；重新实行 【核心考点】 restore是文化遗产、健康与社会秩序类语篇的高级动词。四类核心搭配：restore order/peace/confidence/one's faith（恢复秩序/和平/信心/信念）；restore sb to health/power（使某人康复/复职）、be restored to full health（完全康复）；restore an old building/a painting（修复古建筑/画作）；restore sth to sb（把某物归还给某人）。名词restoration n.（恢复；修复；归还）。辨析：restore（把事物恢复到原先良好的状态，语体正式，及物）vs recover（vi. 康复；vt. 寻回，主语常是人）vs repair（修理损坏的物件，日常用词）vs renew（更新；续期）vs revive（使复苏，多指精神或传统）。注意"他康复了"要写He recovered或He was restored to health，不能说He restored。 【词根联想】 re-（重新，again）+ store（拉丁语staurare"竖立；建立"）→ 重新把它立起来→ 修复；恢复。联想：staur/stor"立"→ store（贮存→立起来存放）、storey（楼层→立起的一层）、restore（重新立起→修复）、instauration（更新，正式用词）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：restore vt. 归还（失物、被夺之物）。熟义"恢复、修复"之外，restore在正式语体中表示"把某物交还原主"，常用结构restore sth to sb/sth，如The stolen painting was finally restored to the museum（那幅被盗的画作最终归还给了博物馆）。此义在新闻与文物类阅读中高频出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A month of careful nursing and simple food gradually restored the patient to full health."（一个月的悉心护理与清淡饮食使这位病人渐渐完全康复。）（经典原句·restore 使复原） 【搭配词块】 restore order 恢复秩序 / restore sb to health 使某人康复 / restore sth to sb 把…归还 / restoration n. 修复 11. ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终；最后；归根结底；根本上 【核心考点】 ultimately是议论文收尾与结论句的高分副词，可置于句首、句中或句末作状语。用法示例：Ultimately, it is our daily habits that decide our health（归根结底，是日常习惯决定了我们的健康，句首＋强调句，写作黄金句式）；All her efforts ultimately paid off（她所有的努力最终都得到了回报）。形容词ultimate adj.（最终的；根本的；极限的）→ the ultimate goal/aim（终极目标）、the ultimate cause（根本原因）；名词ultimatum n.（最后通牒）。四词辨析（高考常考）：ultimately（最终；归根结底，强调追根溯源后的结论）vs eventually（经过一段过程后终于，强调时间推移）vs finally（最后，常用于列举顺序的收尾）vs at last（终于，含期盼已久后如愿的情感色彩）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语ultimus"最远的；最末的"（ultra"超越、在…之外"的最高级）+ -ate + -ly→ 到了最末端→ 最终。联想：ultra-"超；极"→ ultraviolet（紫外线→超出紫色之外）、ultrasound（超声波）、ultimate（终极的）、ultimatum（最后通牒）、ultimately（最终）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ultimately adv. 归根结底；从根本上说（=basically/essentially）。熟义"最终"之外，ultimately常用于引出对本质原因的判断，与时间先后无关，如Ultimately, it is a question of money（说到底，这是个钱的问题）。区分要点：表时间用eventually，表本质用ultimately，这是高考副词辨析的常设陷阱。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ultimately, it is our daily choices, not expensive medicine, that decide how long and how well we live."（归根结底，决定我们活多久、活得多好的是日常的选择，而非昂贵的药物。）（经典原句·ultimately 归根结底） 【搭配词块】 ultimately succeed 最终成功 / the ultimate goal 终极目标 / ultimate adj. 最终的 / 辨析 eventually / finally 12. grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的；感谢的；表示感谢的 【核心考点】 grateful是书面表达（尤其是感谢信、请求信）的必备形容词。三大句型必背：be grateful to sb for sth/doing sth（因某事感激某人），如I am grateful to you for your timely help；be grateful that…（很感激…，接从句）；I would be grateful if you could…（如蒙…将不胜感激，请求信最礼貌的高级句式，比Please…高一档）。名词gratitude n.（感激；谢意）→ express one's gratitude to sb（向某人表达谢意）、out of gratitude（出于感激）；副词gratefully adv.（感激地）；动词gratify v.（使满足）。辨析：grateful（对他人的帮助心存感激，对象是人或具体善意）vs thankful（庆幸；感恩，多指对好运或结果的庆幸，如be thankful that no one was hurt）vs appreciate（vt. 感激某事，后接事物或doing，不可接人，切勿写appreciate you）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语gratus"令人愉快的；心怀谢意的"+ 形容词后缀-ful"充满…的"→ 满怀谢意的→ 感激的。联想：grat/grac"愉悦；恩惠"→ grace（优雅；恩典）、gratitude（感激）、congratulate（祝贺→共同致以美好）、gratify（使满意）、grateful（感激的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读D·grateful that引导从句）"There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help."（有过一些艰难的日子，我只觉得筋疲力尽。我很感激家人都在身边帮忙。）（真题原句·grateful 感激的） 【搭配词块】 be grateful to sb for sth 因…感激某人 / I would be grateful if… 如蒙…不胜感激 / gratitude n. 感激 / gratefully adv. Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- a severe illness / severely damaged affect effect (n.) affection (n.) affectionate (adj.) affect one's health / have an effect on arise arose (v.) arisen (v.) arising (v.) arise from / problems arise identify identity (n.) identification (n.) identical (adj.) identify sth as / identify with sb evidence evident (adj.) evidently (adv.) evidenced (v.) evidence of / There is evidence that tackle tackled (v.) tackling (v.) --- tackle a problem / fishing tackle restrict restriction (n.) restricted (adj.) restrictive (adj.) be restricted to / restrict sb from doing adjust adjustment (n.) adjustable (adj.) adjusted (v.) adjust to doing / make adjustments to resistance resist (v.) resistant (adj.) irresistible (adj.) resistance to / build up resistance restore restoration (n.) restored (v.) restorative (adj.) restore order / restore sb to health ultimately ultimate (adj.) ultimatum (n.) --- ultimately succeed / the ultimate goal grateful gratitude (n.) gratefully (adv.) gratify (v.) be grateful to sb for / I would be grateful if Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021·全国乙卷·阅读D）Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations ____________ (affection) the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D）Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend ____________ (arisen). 3.（2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D）However, we'll ____________ (adjustment) the influence. 4.（2021·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读D）I was ____________ (gratitude) that my family was there to help. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）The old man is slowly recovering from a ____________ (severely) heart illness that kept him in bed for three months. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）After three days of tests, the doctors finally ____________ (identification) the virus that had caused the outbreak. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）There is growing ____________ (evident) that regular exercise greatly lowers the risk of heart disease. 8.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The new health programme is designed to ____________ (tackled) the sleep problems of office workers head-on. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）Her doctor has ____________ (restriction) her to two cups of coffee a day since last winter. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）Eating more fresh vegetables helps children build up their ____________ (resist) to common illnesses. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）A month of careful nursing and simple food gradually ____________ (restoration) the patient to full health. 12.（2026福建厦门·模拟）____________ (Ultimate), it is our daily choices rather than expensive medicine that decide how well we live. 13.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Many first-year students find it hard to ____________ (adjustable) to the fast pace of senior high school. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Several new difficulties ____________ (arisen) last winter when the village clinic tried to serve more patients. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Air pollution seriously ____________ (affection) the health of the people living near that old factory. 【答案】 1. affect 2. arose 3. adjust 4. grateful 5. severe 6. identified 7. evidence 8. tackle 9. restricted 10. resistance 11. restored 12. Ultimately 13. adjust 14. arose 15. affects 【逐题解析】 1. affect — 提示词affection（名词）需转动词，从句主语为复数，用原形affect作谓语。 2. arose — 提示词arisen需转过去式，与主句has found所述已完成的研究事实相呼应。 3. adjust — 提示词adjustment（名词）需转动词原形，位于will的缩写'll之后。 4. grateful — 提示词gratitude（名词）需转形容词作表语，be grateful that 很感激…。 5. severe — 提示词severely（副词）需转形容词，修饰名词illness，意为"重病"。 6. identified — 提示词identification（名词）需转动词过去式，由finally与过去语境确定。 7. evidence — 提示词evident（形容词）需转名词，growing evidence 越来越多的证据。 8. tackle — 提示词tackled需转动词原形，be designed to do 后必须接动词原形。 9. restricted — 提示词restriction（名词）需转过去分词，has restricted 构成现在完成时。 10. resistance — 提示词resist（动词）需转名词作宾语，their后须接名词形式。 11. restored — 提示词restoration（名词）需转过去式作谓语，与gradually及过去语境一致。 12. Ultimately — 提示词Ultimate（形容词）需转副词作句首状语，且首字母须大写。 13. adjust — 提示词adjustable（形容词）需转动词原形，it作形式主语，to do为真正主语。 14. arose — 提示词arisen需转过去式，由时间状语last winter确定用一般过去时。 15. affects — 提示词affection（名词）需转动词，主语pollution不可数，谓语用三单。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 两年前我奶奶病倒了。医生说那是一种____________（严重的）心脏疾病，它很快____________（影响）到了她做的几乎每一件事；新的麻烦几乎每周都会____________（出现）：她爬不动楼梯，睡不好觉，夜里还常常感到害怕。 在医院里，一位和善的医生____________（查明）了病的真正起因，还把____________（证据）显示在屏幕上给我们看；随后他告诉我们该怎样一步步____________（应对）这个问题，他____________（限制）了她饭菜里的盐，还请她____________（调整）每天的作息。 慢慢地，她的身体重新建立起了____________（抵抗力），体力也一个月一个月地____________（恢复）了，____________（最终）她能够独自走到公园去；我们全家都很____________（感激）那位耐心的医生。 【答案】 severe; affected; arise; identified; evidence; tackle; restricted; adjust; resistance; restored; ultimately; grateful Part 7 关联阅读 When Dr. Lin arrived in the mountain village of Shuanghe six years ago, the small clinic had one desk, two beds and almost no medicine. Most of her patients were farmers over sixty, and many of them had lived for years with a severe cough that no one had ever explained to them. The nearest hospital was a four-hour bus ride away, so small problems were often left alone at home until they finally grew large enough to affect a whole family's income. Difficulties arose from the very first week. Dr. Lin could not identify the cause of the cough simply by listening to her patients' chests, and she had no machine to give her the evidence she needed. Instead of waiting for help from the county, she decided to tackle the problem in her own way. Every evening she visited three houses and wrote down what people ate, how they cooked and where the smoke from their stoves went. After four months her notebooks told a clear story: the kitchens, not the mountain weather, were making people ill. Changing an old village habit is much harder than writing a report. Dr. Lin never restricted anything by force. She simply asked each family to adjust one small thing — to open a window, to move the stove, or to build a short chimney out of cheap pipe. Neighbours laughed at her at first, but after a single winter the coughing in those houses grew much quieter, and the villagers' resistance to colds and flu clearly improved. Then the laughing stopped and the requests began. Today forty-one kitchens have been rebuilt, and the county has restored the old school building beside the clinic as a small health centre. Dr. Lin says that she has cured nobody; she has only helped people notice what was already standing in front of them. The villagers disagree. They say that a doctor who ultimately gives you back your breath has given you back your life, and they are grateful in the quiet, practical way that country people usually are. 1. What do we learn about Shuanghe village from paragraph 1? A. Its clinic was short of doctors rather than of equipment. B. Its farmers trusted old customs more than modern medicine. C. Its people often delayed treatment because of the distance. D. Its main illness was caused by the cold mountain weather. 2. How did Dr. Lin find out the real cause of the villagers' cough? A. By recording the daily habits of the local families. B. By sending her patients to the county hospital for tests. C. By comparing her notes with official weather records. D. By borrowing a machine from a nearby health centre. 3. What does paragraph 3 suggest about Dr. Lin's method? A. It depended on strict rules set by the county office. B. It cost each village family a large sum of money. C. It worked only with the youngest families in the village. D. It relied on gentle advice rather than on orders. 4. What is the villagers' attitude towards Dr. Lin? A. Curious. B. Thankful. C. Doubtful. D. Sympathetic. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末句是解题关键，"The nearest hospital was a four-hour bus ride away, so small problems were often left alone at home until they finally grew large enough to affect a whole family's income"明确指出最近的医院要坐四小时汽车，因此小病常被拖到影响全家收入才处理，C项"因路途遥远而常常拖延治疗"与之完全对应。A项张冠李戴，原文说诊所缺的是药品与设备而非医生；B项"更信旧习俗"全文无据；D项把病因归于寒冷天气，与第二段"the kitchens, not the mountain weather, were making people ill"直接矛盾。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段用identify、evidence、tackle三个目标词完整交代了探因过程——林医生既无法仅凭听诊identify病因，也没有仪器提供evidence，于是决定用自己的方式tackle问题：每晚走访三户人家，记录村民吃什么、怎么做饭、炉灶的烟往哪里排，四个月后笔记本给出了答案，故A项"通过记录当地家庭的日常习惯"正确。B项送县医院检查恰是她"不等待"的反面；C项气象记录、D项借用仪器均属无中生有。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段先说"Dr. Lin never restricted anything by force"，接着说她只是请每家adjust一件小事——开一扇窗、挪一挪炉灶、用便宜管子搭个小烟囱，可见她靠的是温和的建议而非强制命令，D项概括准确。A项与"never restricted anything by force"正相反；B项廉价管子恰恰说明花费很小；C项文中只提到邻居起初嘲笑，从未按家庭年龄区分效果，均为臆造。 第4题（观点态度题·高考压轴）：末段以restored、ultimately、grateful三个目标词收束，村民不同意林医生"我谁也没治好"的说法，反而认为"a doctor who ultimately gives you back your breath has given you back your life"，并且"they are grateful in the quiet, practical way that country people usually are"，感激之情溢于言表，故选B项Thankful（心怀感谢的）。A项Curious（好奇的）、C项Doubtful（怀疑的）与文意相悖，D项Sympathetic（同情的）对象错误，村民是受助者而非施以同情者。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：severe, affect, arise, identify, evidence, tackle, restrict, adjust, resistance, restore, ultimately, grateful Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. severe — ____________ 2. affect — ____________ 3. arise — ____________ 4. identify — ____________ 5. evidence — ____________ 6. tackle — ____________ 7. restrict — ____________ 8. adjust — ____________ 9. resistance — ____________ 10. restore — ____________ 11. ultimately — ____________ 12. grateful — ____________ 13. severity — ____________ 14. identity — ____________ 15. restriction — ____________ 16. adjustment — ____________ 17. gratitude — ____________ 18. evident — ____________ 19. arise from — ____________ 20. be grateful to sb for sth — ____________ 【参考答案】 1. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 2. 影响；侵袭；感动 3. 出现；发生；由…引起 4. 确认；识别；查明 5. 证据；证明；迹象 6. 处理；解决；应对 7. 限制；限定；束缚 8. 调整；调节；适应 9. 抵抗；抵抗力；阻力 10. 恢复；修复；归还 11. 最终；归根结底 12. 感激的；感谢的 13. 严重性；严厉（名词） 14. 身份；特性（名词） 15. 限制；限制规定（名词） 16. 调整；适应（名词） 17. 感激；谢意（名词） 18. 明显的（形容词） 19. 由…引起（短语） 20. 因某事感激某人（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. My grandmother suffered from a very serious heart problem last winter. → My grandmother suffered from a very ____________ heart problem last winter. 2. Too much salt can influence your blood pressure in a very bad way. → Too much salt can ____________ your blood pressure in a very bad way. 3. New problems came up when the small village clinic opened last month. → New problems ____________ when the small village clinic opened last month. 4. The doctors could not find out the cause of her cough at the beginning. → The doctors could not ____________ the cause of her cough at the beginning. 5. The nurse showed us clear proof that the new medicine was working well. → The nurse showed us clear ____________ that the new medicine was working well. 6. Our school is trying to deal with the problem of student sleep loss. → Our school is trying to ____________ the problem of student sleep loss. 7. The doctor asked my father to limit the amount of sugar he eats. → The doctor asked my father to ____________ the amount of sugar he eats. 8. It took the old man a long time to get used to his new diet. → It took the old man a long time to ____________ to his new diet. 9. Fresh fruit and enough sleep improve your power to fight off illness. → Fresh fruit and enough sleep improve your ____________ to illness. 10. A month of good food and rest brought back her strength completely. → A month of good food and rest ____________ her strength completely. 11. In the end, our daily habits decide how healthy we are going to be. → ____________, our daily habits decide how healthy we are going to be. 12. We are all very thankful to the young doctor who stayed in our village. → We are all very ____________ to the young doctor who stayed in our village. 【答案】 1. severe 2. affect 3. arose 4. identify 5. evidence 6. tackle 7. restrict 8. adjust 9. resistance 10. restored 11. Ultimately 12. grateful Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：severe → affect → arise → identify → evidence → tackle → restrict → adjust → resistance → restore → ultimately → grateful 复述模板（填空）： 两年前奶奶病倒了，医生说那是一种____________（严重的）心脏疾病，它很快____________（影响）到了她做的每一件事。 新的麻烦几乎每周都会____________（出现）；一位和善的医生____________（查明）了真正的病因，并把____________（证据）显示在屏幕上给我们看。 他告诉我们怎样一步步____________（应对）这个问题，____________（限制）了饭菜里的盐，还请奶奶____________（调整）每天的作息。 慢慢地她的身体重建了____________（抵抗力），体力逐月____________（恢复），____________（最终）她能独自走到公园；我们全家都很____________（感激）那位耐心的医生。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：severe; affected; arise; identified; evidence; tackle; restricted; adjust; resistance; restored; ultimately; grateful 复述模板参考版本： Two years ago my grandmother fell ill, and the doctors told us it was a severe heart problem that soon affected almost everything she did. New troubles arose nearly every week, until a kind doctor at the hospital identified the real cause of the illness and showed us the evidence on the screen. He explained how to tackle the problem step by step: he restricted the salt in her meals and asked her to adjust her daily habits, walking a little more each day. Slowly her body built up its resistance again, her strength was restored month by month, and ultimately she was able to walk to the park alone. We are all grateful to that patient doctor, who taught us that a fit life is built out of small daily choices. $