状语从句 讲义-2026-2027学年初升高英语衔接复习专项

状语从句 【要点读记】 一、状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 总之，我们可以把它看作一个“由句子充当的大号副词”。 简单句：He eats dinner quickly. 他吃晚饭很快。（quickly是副词，修饰动词eats。） 复合句：He eats dinner as if he hadn’t eaten for ten years. （整个as if ...从句修饰动词eat，说明吃的方式。） 二、状语从句的引导词 状语从句不能独立存在，必须由一个从属连词来引导。这些引导词是识别和理解状语从句的关键。不同的引导词用于表达不同的逻辑关系（如时间、原因等）。 状语从句种类 引导词 时间状语从句 When(ever), while, as, till/until, before, after, since, as soon as, the instant, instantly, hardly/scarcely... when/before..., no sooner...than.., once, every time 条件状语从句 if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/ supposing ( that), provided/ providing ( that) 原因状语从句 because, since, as, now (that), seeing (that), considering(that), in that 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, (just) in case 结果状语从句 so ... that ..., such ... that ... 让步状语从句 though/although, as, even if/though, wh-+ever, no matter wh-, whether … or 地点状语从句 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 方式状语从句 as, as if/though 比较状语从句 as ... as, not so ... as, than, the more ... the more 三、九大状语从句详解 1. 时间状语从句 表示主句动作发生的时间。 常用引导词：when, while, as, before, after, since, until/till, as soon as, the moment, every time。 （1）When: 表示“当…时”，可指时间点或时间段，从句动词是瞬间动词或延续性动词。 （2）While: 表示“在…期间”，强调一段时间，从句动词通常为延续性动词。 （3）As: 表示“一边…一边…/随着”，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或伴随进行。 （4）Before / After: 分别表示“在…之前”和“在…之后”。 （5）Since: 表示“自从…以来”，主句通常用现在完成时。 （6）Until/Till: 表示“直到…”，主句为延续性动词；若主句为瞬间动词，则用否定形式“not ... until”表示“直到…才”。 （7）表示“一……就……”的引导词 ①As soon as 用法：这是最常用、最口语化的表达。 I will go shopping as soon as my work ends. She turned off the light as soon as she went to bed. ② The moment / The minute / The instant 用法：这三个词组的意思和用法完全相同，the moment最常用。 The moment she saw the gift, she felt very happy. He took out his phone the minute he sat down. ③Immediately / Instantly / Directly 用法：这三个词通常用作副词，但也可以作为连词引导时间状语从句。 I texted my parents immediately I arrived at the station. The alarm rings instantly you open the door. ④No sooner ... than ... 用法：这是一个固定搭配，它有两个重要特点： 倒装：当no sooner位于句首时，其所在的主句要用部分倒装（即助动词/be动词提到主语前面）。 时态：主句通常用过去完成时，than引导的从句用一般过去时。 例句： No sooner had we gone out than a heavy rain came. They had no sooner finished dinner than guests visited them. ⑤Hardly/Scarcely ... when ... 用法：这个结构的含义和用法与no sooner ... than ...完全相同，可以互换。 倒装：hardly或scarcely位于句首时，主句也要部分倒装。 时态：主句用过去完成时，when引导的从句用一般过去时。 例句： Hardly had she opened the window when a bird flew in. He had scarcely sat down when his teacher called his name. 2. 地点状语从句 表示主句动作发生的地点。常用引导词：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。 （1）Where: 在……地方。 例句：Plant trees where there is plenty of sunshine. （2）Wherever: 无论在哪里。 例句：You can make friends wherever you go. 3. 原因状语从句 表示主句动作发生的原因。 常用引导词：because, since, as, for, now that，seeing (that), considering(that)。 （1）Because: 语气最强，回答“why”的问句，强调直接原因。 （2）Since / As: 语气较弱，表示显而易见或已知的原因，意为“既然，由于”，常位于句首。 （3）Now that: 表示“既然，由于”，语气很弱，常与出现的新情况有关。 例句：1.He stayed at home because he felt ill.（语气最强，回答why提问） 2.Since you are tired, you can go to bed early.（显而易见的原因，常放句首） 3.As it is getting dark, we must head back now.（语气偏弱，侧重双方都知道的理由） 4.Now that you have finished your homework, you can watch TV.（针对新出现的情况，既然） 4. 目的状语从句 表示主句动作的目的。常用引导词：so that, in order that, for fear that,（just）in case, lest。 （1） So that / In order that: 为了，以便。从句中常带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。且so that没有in order that正式，引导的状语从句不能放句首。 注意：So that=so as to; in order that=in order to，但前者引导状语从句，后者是动词不定式。 例句：Speak louder so that/in order that the people can hear you. （2）For fear that / Lest: 生怕，以免。 例句：She spoke in a low voice for fear that she might wake up the baby. （3）(just) in case: 以防；以防万一 例句：Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day. 5. 结果状语从句 表示主句动作导致的结果。常用引导词: so... that, such ... that, so that。 （1）So ... that: so后接形容词或副词。 （2）Such ... that: such后接名词或名词短语。 So结构形式: ①so+形容词/副词+that从句; ②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句; ③so+many/much/ few/little (少)+名词+that从句; Such结构形式: ①such +a/an (+形容词)+可数名词单数+that从句; ②such+形容词+可数名词复数不可数名词+that从句 例句： He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 6. 条件状语从句 表示主句动作发生的条件。 常用引导词：if, unless (=if ... not), on condition that, provided/providing (that), as/so long as, as/so far as, supposing (that), in case,等。 （1）If 如果。 例句：You will make progress if you keep practicing English every day. （2）Unless 除非，如果不（= if…not）。 例句：We cannot go hiking unless the weather gets better. （3）As/So long as 只要。 例句：You can borrow my book as long as you take good care of it. 7. 让步状语从句 表示“虽然，尽管”，即先承认一个事实，然后提出一个相反或相对立的情况。 常用引导词：although, though, even though, even if, while, no matter + wh-, whatever 等。 (1) Although / Though / Even though：虽然，尽管。 例句：Although it rained heavily, we still went for a walk. (2) Even if：即使。 例句：I will stick to my dream even if I meet lots of difficulties. (3) No matter + wh-：无论……。 例句：No matter where you go, please keep in touch with me. 8. 方式状语从句 表示主句动作发生的方式。常用引导词：as, as if, as though。 (1) As：按照，如同 例句：Please finish your homework as the teacher tells you. (2) As if / As though：好像，仿佛 例句：She acts as if she had known the secret for a long time. 9. 比较状语从句 表示主句动作与从句动作在数量、性质或程度上的比较。 常用引导词：than, as ... as, not so/as ... as, the more ... the more。 （1）Than：比……（用于不同级比较） 例句：This story is more moving than that one (is). （2）As ... as：和……一样（用于同级比较） 例句：He is as careful as his elder sister (is). （3）The more ... the more：越……就越…… 例句：The more you practice speaking English, the braver you will be. 四、状语从句中的省略 为了使语言简洁，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含动词be时，常常可以省略从句的主语和be动词。这是状语从句一个非常重要且常见的用法。省略规则：从句主语 + be动词 → 同时省略。 （1）when / while / until 时间状语从句 完整句：While I was reading a novel, I heard a loud knock at the door. 省略句：While reading a novel, I heard a loud knock at the door. （2）if / unless 条件状语从句 完整句：If it is put in the sun, the flower will grow better. 省略句：If put in the sun, the flower will grow better. （3）although / though / even if 让步状语从句 完整句：Though she was nervous, she finished the speech perfectly. 省略句：Though nervous, she finished the speech perfectly. （4）as if / as though 方式状语从句 完整句：She talked as if she was sure of the answer. 省略句：She talked as if sure of the answer. 注意：如果从句主语和主句主语不一致，或者从句谓语没有be动词，则不能省略。例如，“When they arrived at the airport , we all cheered.”（他们到达机场时，我们都欢呼起来。）这里主从句主语不一致，不能省略。 5、 状语从句中的倒装 在部分状语从句如时间状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句中会出现一些倒装结构，这是高考中长难句翻译和结构判断的难点。倒装规则： 完全倒装：将谓语动词完全移到主语之前。 部分倒装：只将助动词、情态动词或be动词放到主语之前，真正的谓语动词仍在主语之后。 （1）在时间状语从句中，hardly/ scarcely...when/ before...; no sooner...than...结构中,当hardly, scarcely或no sooner 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. = Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. （2）在结果状语从句中，so....that...和such...that...结构中，当“so+ adj. /adv.”或“such+ n."置于句首时,主句要部分倒装。 He ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.=So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him. （3）在让步状语从句中，常常会出现一种特殊的倒装结构:表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时略冠词。这种倒装结构既不属于完全倒装，也不属于部分倒装，仅用于as/though引导的让步状语从句。 As/though he was a child, he helped me a lot. =Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot. As/though he might try, he could not open the door.=Try as/though he might, he could not open the door. （4）在条件状语从句中，由if引导的虚拟条件句，如果从句含有were/had/should时,可以省去if, 将这些词移至主语之前，构成部分倒装。 Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad. Had I arrived (= If I had arrived) five minutes earlier, I would have caught the flight. Should he come (=If he should come) today, tell him to ring me up. 6、 状语从句中的虚拟语气 在方式状语从句中从句内容与事实相符或有很大可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气；当引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气。 Look at the dark clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.（陈述语气） They treat her as though she were their daughter.（虚拟语气） 虚拟语气规则：时态退格 （1） 与现在事实相反，从用一般过去时(be一般用were) 例句：The old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead. （2） 与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词) 例句：He ate as if he hadn't had a meal for years. （3） 将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would could/might +动词原形” 例句：It looks as if the old woman could live other hundred years. 【易混易错】 1. “It is + 时间段 + since ...”结构 这个结构用于计算从过去某个时间点开始，到现在为止的时间长度。意为“自从……以来已经有多久了”。 核心要点：主句It is通常使用一般现在时，since引导的从句使用一般过去时，表示动作或状态是从过去的某个时间点开始的。 It is six years since we met for the first time. It has been three weeks since she left her hometown. （主句用现在完成时“It has been”也是可以接受的，但“It is”更简洁常用。） 2. “It be + 时间段 + before ...”结构 这个结构的核心是描述“从某个时间点（通常是现在或过去）开始，需要经过多长时间，另一个事件才发生”。 ① It will be + 一段时间 + before ... 含义：“要过……（一段时间）才会……”。表示从现在开始算起，需要经过一段时间的等待，未来的某个事件才会发生。 时态：主句（It will be）用一般将来时，从句（before...）用一般现在时表示将来。 It will be two months before we take the final exam. It will be a long time before he comes back home. ②It won’t be + long + before ... 含义：“不久之后就……”。这是上一种结构的否定形式，但表达的是肯定的含义，强调很快就会发生。 时态：主句用一般将来时的否定形式，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 It won’t be long before we finish our summer homework. It won’t be long before the new term begins. ③It was + 一段时间 + before ... 含义：“过了……（一段时间）才……”。表示从过去的某个时间点开始，经过了一段时间，另一个事件才发生。 时态：主句（It was）用一般过去时，从句（before...）也用一般过去时。 It was ten minutes before the teacher walked into the classroom. It was three days before he got well from his cold. 3. When, While, As （1）When：万能词。可指时间点（瞬间动词），也可指时间段（延续性动词）。 When the bell rang, all the students rushed into the classroom. I used to read books when I waited for the bus. （2）While专指时间段，只能搭配延续性动词。 While my mom was cooking, I was doing my English exercises. Some students are active while others are quiet in class. （3）As：既可搭配延续性动词，也可以搭配瞬间动词，但更侧重“同步伴随”。 ①伴随：强调两个动作同时进行、相伴发生，“一边……一边……”。 As she sang, she danced gently in the room. As he drove, he listened to English news. ②变化：表示“随着……”，说明两个动作同时发展。 As the weather turns cold, people put on thick coats. As she grew older, she became more confident. 4. Because, Since, As, For （1）Because：因果关系的核心。语气最强，直接回答why，强调未知的原因。可置于句首或句中。 （2）Since：语气次于because。表示显而易见、已知的或双方都清楚的原因，意为“既然”。多置于句首。 （3）As：语气最弱。表示附带说明的、非直接的原因，常译为“由于”。多置于句首。 （4）For：是并列连词，连接两个并列句。表示逻辑上的推理或对前文的补充说明，语气最弱。for引导的句子不能放在句首。 5. 状语从句中的时态呼应 （1）“主将从现”原则及其延伸，这是条件、时间状语从句中最核心的时态规则。 规则：当主句是将来时或含有将来含义（如祈使句、含情态动词）时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 应用范围：由if, unless, when, as soon as, until, before, after, once, the moment等引导的从句。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. She will start cooking as soon as her father gets home. （2）延伸——“主过从过”： 如果主句是过去时，那么相应的状语从句通常也要使用某种过去时态（一般过去时、过去完成时等）。 She told me she would keep waiting until I arrived there. He planned to go hiking after his friend finished his work. 6. if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。 在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同，宾语从句中意为“是否”，而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解。 例句： I don’t know if they will come tomorrow. If I get any information about him, I will tell you. 【要点专练】 1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although 2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked. A. if B. unless C. for D. since 3. We will work ____ we are needed. A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever 4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you. A. so that B. if C. when D. although 5._____ you go, don't forget your people. A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever 6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last. A. since B. for C. when D. as 7. They will never succeed, _____ hard they try. A. because B. however C. when D. since 8. _____ still half drunk, he made his way home. A. When B. Because C. Though D. As 9. _____ she was very tired, she went on working. A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of 10. Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you. A. as B. when C. since D. for 11．We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ there is a heavy rain. A．whether B．unless C．since D．because 12．We got up early __________ we could catch the early bus. A．so that B．so…that C．such…that D．in order to 13．It is summer in the picture ___________ many students are wearing the summer uniforms. A．when B．because C．or D．and 14．—Ordering take-away food is popular these days. —Yes. But my mom hardly does that ________ she really has no time to cook for me. A．if B．unless C．because D．so 15．I often buy purple things like (像) purple jackets, purple socks and purple schoolbags ______ my favorite color is purple. A．and B．because C．but D．so 16．We’ll go out to have dinner at the Hope Restaurant if the show __________ before 6:00. But I don’t know if there ___________ any free tables then. A．will end; were B．ends; will be C．ends; were D．will end; will be 17．Lily didn’t know how to deal with the trouble ________ she couldn’t speak French. A．though B．because C．unless D．if 18．Talking to someone helps a lot. ________ we talk to someone, we’ll feel worse. A．because B．when C．unless D．if 19．Please let me tell you again ________ you won't forget. A．as long as B．if C．so that D．because 20．________ Quan Hongchan is the Olympic winner, her parents still hope that she can go to school one day. A．When B．Although C．Because D．So 21. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark. A. and B. but C. as D. unless 22. I didn' t manage to do it _____ you had explained how. A. until B. unless C. when D. before 23._____ he comes, we won't be able to go. A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even 24. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 25. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where 26. What's the matter _____ they still haven't answered the telegram? A. when B. that C. though D. however 27. Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better. A. although B. even though C. so that D. since 28. You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train. A. that B. though C. unless D. if 29. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed. A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though 30. More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today. A. than B. when C. while D. as 31．---- Which singer do you like better , Jay Chou or Zhang Jie? ---- Zhang Jie. Because Jay Chou can’t sing the words_________ Zhang Jie. A．as clear as B．as clearly as C．as clearer as 32．Water is very important ________ no living things can live without it. A．because B．or C．so D．if 33．________ you need help, please send me an e-mail or call me. A．However B．Whenever C．Wherever 34．—Jack, you can’t use the phone ________ we are far from the gas station. —Sorry. I won’t do that again. A．after B．until C．though 35．—Look at your room. It’s _____________ clean _____________ yesterday. —Sorry. I’ll clean it at once. A．as; as B．so; as C．not as; as D．not as; so 36．The Greens moved to the countryside last year _______ their kids could have fun playing on the farm. A．so that B．even though C．because 37．You'd better take the GPS with you during the trip_______you won't get lost. A．as soon as B．so that C．as well as D．now that 38．_______ she is ill, _______ she goes to school. A．Although; / B．Although; but C．But; although D．Because; / 39．You will achieve your dream ________ you have your goal and stick to it. A．if B．unless C．until D．before 40．—Let’s have a picnic if it ________ this Sunday. —But nobody knows if it ________ on that day. A. will be fine; will rain B．will be fine; rains C．is fine; will rain D．is fine; rains 41. We won’t start the meeting ______ our teacher arrives. A. though B. until C. while D. or 42. It has been three years ______ we moved to this small town. A. when B. before C. since D. after 43. You will fail the final exam ______ you make full use of your spare time. A. if B. unless C. though D. because 44. ______ he had little experience, he did the task much better than others. A. Since B. Although C. When D. Because 45. Some students were reading quietly ______ others were taking notes carefully. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. until 46. It will be several months ______ the new library is completely built. A. before B. since C. when D. after 47. ______ she grew older, she realized how important reading was. A. As B. While C. If D. Though 48. The little boy acted ______ nothing terrible had happened to him. A. even if B. as if C. so that D. now that 49. Please speak louder ______ all the classmates in the back row can hear you clearly. A. in order to B. so that C. such that D. as long as 50. He wondered ______ the plan would be put off because of bad weather. A. that B. whether C. what D. why 参考答案 1~5 CADAC 6~10 ABCBA 11~15 BABBB 16~20 BBCCB 21~25 CABBA 26~30 BCCBA 31~35 BABBC 36~40 ABAAC 41~45 BCBBB 46~50 AABBB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $