高考英语阅读理解C篇 说明文 （一）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语科普类阅读理解，通过四篇高频话题文章，系统提炼细节理解、态度推理等题型的定位解题法，构建“题型识别-原文定位-选项比对”的方法体系，提升语言理解与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|10题|定位关键句+信息匹配，排除干扰项|遵循“现象-优势/挑战-措施”科普文结构，对应具体信息提取| |态度推理题|4题|关注首尾段态度词（如optimistic），结合主旨判断|通过作者对科技发展的评价，考查思维品质中的推断能力|

高考英语阅读理解C篇 Passage1:（科技科普类） Urban vertical farming has gradually become a promising solution to the global food crisis in recent years. Unlike traditional outdoor agriculture that relies heavily on large areas of farmland, vertical farms grow crops in stacked layers inside closed buildings, usually in city centers. Controlled environments are the biggest advantage of this new farming mode. Farmers can precisely adjust light, temperature, water and nutrients all year round. There is no need to worry about natural disasters such as droughts or floods, and seasonal limits on planting are completely removed. Vegetables and leaf greens can be harvested 10 to 15 times a year, far more productive than field crops. Besides, vertical farms use up to 95 percent less water than traditional farming because water is recycled within the system. However, vertical farming also faces obvious challenges. The first barrier is high operating costs. Massive LED lighting systems run day and night, consuming huge amounts of electricity, which pushes up the price of farm products. For now, most vertical farms can only grow low-cost leaf vegetables; fruits and grain are still too expensive to produce indoors. Another problem is limited plant variety. Crops with deep roots or high energy demands cannot adapt to narrow layered containers. Experts believe technological progress will break these limits in the future. Solar power panels installed on farm rooftops can cut electric costs greatly. New low-energy LED lights and improved nutrient liquid formulas are being tested worldwide. Some researchers are even combining vertical farms with city waste recycling systems, turning household organic waste into natural fertilizer. Though vertical farming cannot fully replace traditional agriculture at present, it provides a valuable supplement for crowded cities with scarce farmland. As technology develops, it will play an increasingly important role in feeding the rapidly growing urban population. 1. What is the main feature of vertical farming? A. It grows crops outdoors on mountains. B. It plants crops in multi-layer indoor spaces. C. It mainly produces grain and fresh fruits. D. It totally depends on natural sunlight. 2. What benefit does controlled environment bring to vertical farms? A. Lower production costs of all foods. B. No need to recycle water resources. C. Continuous harvests all year long. D. Wider choices of deep-root crops. 3. What is the main trouble stopping vertical farming from wide spread? A. High electricity expenses. B. Lack of city waste. C. Shortage of farm buildings. D. Serious water waste. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards vertical farming? A. Doubtful B. Negative C. Uninterested D. Hopeful Passage2:（航天主题） Space debris has become a hidden danger threatening human space activities in recent decades. It refers to all man-made rubbish floating in orbit, including broken satellite parts, discarded rocket stages, tiny paint flakes and even lost tools carried by astronauts. At present, there are over 36,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimeters circling the Earth, and millions of smaller ones that cannot be tracked. Even a small piece of space waste can cause serious damage. Objects in low Earth orbit travel at a speed of nearly 28,000 kilometers per hour. At such high speed, a fragment as tiny as a marble has the same destructive power as a bullet. It may break working satellites, force space stations to change their routes to avoid collisions, or put astronauts’ lives at risk during spacewalks. Scientists have come up with several practical solutions to clean up orbital rubbish. One widely tested method is net capture. Special spacecraft will fly close to abandoned satellites, catch them with large lightweight nets and drag them down into the Earth’s atmosphere, where they will burn up completely. Another design uses robotic arms to grab failed spacecraft. Besides, engineers are developing self-destruct technology for new satellites. When these machines finish their service life, built-in small thrusters will push them out of working orbits automatically. However, space debris cleanup faces clear difficulties. Launching special cleaning spacecraft costs huge amounts of money. Moreover, there is no global unified rule to require all space countries to deal with their own waste. Some old useless satellites are still left in orbit without any disposal measures. Most space researchers remain optimistic. With international cooperation and cheaper reusable rockets, the cost of space cleaning will drop sharply in the next 20 years. If all countries follow shared space protection rules, humans can effectively control the growth of space rubbish and protect the safe space environment for future exploration. 1. What is space debris according to the first paragraph? A. Natural stones flying in outer space B. Man-made waste moving around the Earth C. Tiny stars far away from the Earth D. Broken pieces from natural satellites 2. Why can small space fragments be very dangerous? A. They can float into people’s houses on the ground. B. They have extremely high moving speed in orbit. C. They are too big for astronauts to move away. D. They can stop rockets from leaving the Earth. 3. Which way is used to clear space rubbish in the text? A. Burning all waste directly on satellites B. Using nets to catch and pull down useless spacecraft C. Sending astronauts to collect waste during daily walks D. Building special stations to store space debris 4. What is scientists’ attitude towards solving the debris problem? A. Confident B. Pessimistic C. Unconcerned D. Doubtful Passage3:（火星探测主题） For decades, Mars has been the most attractive target for human deep-space exploration. As the planet most similar to Earth in the solar system, it shares many basic features with our home planet, such as four seasons, polar ice caps and a day length close to 24 hours. Scientists believe Mars once held liquid water and a thick atmosphere, which means there might have been suitable conditions for ancient life billions of years ago. Modern Mars exploration mainly relies on unmanned rovers and orbiters. Rovers like China’s Zhurong and America’s Perseverance roll across the Martian surface, collecting rock and soil samples, taking high-resolution photos and testing chemical materials underground. Orbiters circle Mars at high altitudes, sending back global weather data and mapping hidden underground water sources that rovers cannot reach. Unlike manned flights, robotic missions cost far less and avoid direct risks to human lives. However, exploring Mars brings great challenges. The distance between Earth and Mars changes constantly, and the signal delay can reach over 20 minutes one way. Operators on Earth cannot control rovers in real time. Besides, Mars has thin air, strong radiation and extreme temperature differences. Without thick atmospheric protection, surface equipment is easily damaged by solar radiation and violent sandstorms that can last for months. The next goal of Mars exploration is sample return. Scientists plan to send special spacecraft to pick up the rock samples collected by rovers and bring them back to Earth labs. Detailed chemical and biological tests on Earth will offer solid evidence to judge whether ancient life ever existed on Mars. Many countries are also drawing blueprints for manned Mars landings in the mid-2040s. Though technical barriers remain hard to break, astronomers hold a positive view. Continuous technological upgrades and international joint research will gradually clear the way for humans to set foot on Mars one day. 1. Why do scientists focus exploration on Mars? A. It has the same thick atmosphere as Earth. B. It is the planet most similar to Earth. C. Humans have already found living creatures there. D. Its surface environment fits human survival now. 2. What’s the advantage of using rovers and orbiters? A. They can send samples back to Earth directly. B. They realize real-time control from Earth. C. They lower costs and prevent danger to humans. D. They can resist long-time sandstorms perfectly. 3. What big trouble do Mars explorers face? A. Fixed short distance between Mars and Earth. B. Long signal lag between two planets. C. Plenty of liquid water on the Martian surface. D. Thick atmosphere causing serious radiation. 4. What’s the astronomers’ attitude toward future Mars exploration? A. Worried B. Uncertain C. Hopeful D. Negative Passage4:（人工智能AI辅助古籍修复） Ancient books carry thousands of years of Chinese civilization, yet most old paper works are faced with serious damage. Pages turn yellow, break into pieces or get stained by mold. Traditional manual restoration depends fully on experienced masters. It takes years of training to master paper matching, mending and decontamination, and one broken ancient book often costs restorers months to fix. Worse still, the number of professional book repairers is shrinking year by year. Now artificial intelligence is bringing new hope to the restoration of cultural relics. Researchers have built special AI models by feeding them tens of thousands of images of intact ancient pages. When a damaged page is scanned into the system, the AI can quickly analyze cracks, missing characters and mold spots. Within minutes, it produces an accurate digital reconstruction of the original complete page, marking out exactly what materials are needed for repair. AI does not replace human restorers; instead, it works as a powerful assistant. The machine finishes repeated, time-consuming measuring and drawing work, saving restorers plenty of energy. Masters can focus their attention on delicate handwork that requires artistic judgment and rich historical knowledge. Besides, the digital copies created by AI can be stored permanently online. Once shared on public digital libraries, they allow scholars and students across the country to study rare ancient books without touching the fragile original copies. This technology also has limits. AI cannot tell subtle historical writing styles or judge special handmade ancient paper, which relies on humans’ long-term practical experience. Some rare stains formed by unique ancient chemical materials cannot be fully identified by current algorithms. Experts point out that the combination of AI technology and traditional craftsmanship is the right path forward. With continuous improvement of data and algorithms, AI will play an even bigger role in protecting paper cultural treasures and passing down our historical culture. 1. What is the main problem of traditional ancient book restoration? A. Digital storage space is not enough. B. Skilled repair workers are in short supply. C. AI machines cost too much money. D. Few ancient books are worth repairing. 2. What can the special AI model do for damaged ancient pages? A. Finish all repair work without humans. B. Recover the complete original page digitally. C. Remove all mold and stains physically. D. Print new paper copies directly for libraries. 3. What is the relationship between AI and human restorers? A. AI completely takes the place of workers. B. AI handles simple work to support masters. C. Human workers only operate AI machines. D. They compete with each other in restoration. 4. What is experts’ opinion on AI in cultural relic protection? A. It has promising development prospects. B. It will totally change traditional crafts. C. It cannot make any practical progress. D. It brings more troubles to restorers. Passage1答案: 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 1. B主旨细节题 定位第一段第二句：vertical farms grow crops in stacked layers inside closed buildings, stacked layers = multi-layer（多层），indoor 室内。 A错，不是户外山地；C错，目前只能种绿叶菜，无法大量产粮食水果；D错，靠LED人工光，不靠自然光。选B。 2. C细节理解题 定位第二段：adjust conditions all year round... seasonal limits removed, harvest many times a year可控环境消除季节限制，全年持续收成。 A错，成本很高；B错，水循环节水是另一优点；D错，深根作物无法种植。选C。 3. A 细节题第三段首挑战：high operating costs，核心耗电LED灯消耗大量电力。 B、C文中无提及；D完全相反，节水95%。选A。 4. D作者态度题尾段：cannot replace traditional farming now, but valuable supplement; technology will make it more important作者认为未来技术会解决难题，前景可观。doubtful（怀疑的），negative（消极的），uninterested（漠不关心的），hopeful（抱有希望的）选D。 Passage2答案: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 1. B细节理解题 定位第一段：It refers to all man-made rubbish floating in orbit... circling the Earth. space debris = 环绕地球的人造太空垃圾。A自然陨石、C星体、D天然卫星碎片均与原文不符，选B。 2. B因果细节题 第二段关键句：Objects in low Earth orbit travel at a speed of nearly 28,000 kilometers per hour. At such high speed, a tiny fragment is very destructive.危险根源是轨道超高运行速度，选B。 3. B 细节匹配题 第三段介绍清理方案：One widely tested method is net capture... catch them with large lightweight nets and drag them down into the Earth’s atmosphere.A文中无直接焚烧卫星；C宇航员不会日常收集垃圾；D未建造储存空间站，选B。 4. A态度推理题 尾段开头：Most space researchers remain optimistic.optimistic optimistic（乐观的），同义替换confident（充满信心的）；pessimistic悲观的，unconcerned漠不关心的，doubtful怀疑的，选A。 Passage3答案: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 1. B 细节理解题 定位第一段：Mars has been the most attractive target… the planet most similar to Earth in the solar system. A错误，火星如今大气稀薄；C错误，尚未发现生命；D错误，当下环境不适合人类生存。选B。 2. C细节匹配题 第二段末尾：Unlike manned flights, robotic missions cost far less and avoid direct risks to human lives.A错误，现阶段探测器无法直接带回样本；B错误，信号延迟无法实时操控；D错误，设备易被沙尘暴损毁。选C。 3. B因果细节题 第三段关键句：the signal delay can reach over 20 minutes one way. A错误，地火距离不断变化；C并非难题；D逻辑颠倒，稀薄大气才导致辐射强。选B。 4. C态度推理题 尾段：astronomers hold a positive view… will gradually clear the way for humans to set foot on Mars. hold a positive view 持积极看法，对应选项hopeful（充满希望的）；worried担忧的，uncertain不确定的，negative消极的。选C。 Passage4答案: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 1. B细节理解题 定位第一段末尾：the number of professional book repairers is shrinking year by year，说明熟练修复人员短缺。A文中无存储空间不足；C未提及AI造价高；D与原文相反，大量古籍急需修复。选B。 2. B 细节匹配题 第二段：it produces an accurate digital reconstruction of the original complete page, AI仅能数字化复原页面，不能实体修复、打印新书。A完全替代人类错误；C物理除霉不是AI功能；D无直接打印功能。选B。 3. B推理细节题 第三段开头：AI does not replace human restorers; instead, it works as a powerful assistant.机器完成重复基础工作，修复师专注精细手工。A完全替代、C人只操作机器、D相互竞争均错误。选B。 4. A观点态度题 尾段：the combination... is the right path forward... AI will play an even bigger role专家认为AI前景广阔。promising 有前景的；B完全改变传统手艺过于绝对；C、D为负面态度，和原文不符。选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $