Unit 3 Fascinating Parks（复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义以“人与自然”主题语境为核心，通过思维导图梳理动词-ing形式作主语的语法体系，用对比表格呈现易混词汇（如adopt与adapt）、话题词汇分类（景物描写、规则保护等）及语法句式结构，系统整合核心词汇、功能句式与写作要点，清晰标注重难点分布及内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+分层题型”的练习设计，如词汇部分结合固定搭配设空（The wild scenery strongly appeals ______ visitors），语法填空聚焦-ing形式主谓一致，写作提供“appeal to”等高级词汇替换策略，培养语言运用与逻辑思维品质。配套错题提醒与自主复习框架，助力学生精准突破薄弱点，为教师实施分层教学提供明确依据。

人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Fascinating Parks（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与自然——了解不同类型公园（国家公园、城市公园、主题公园）的特色与意义。 2. 掌握描述公园景观、户外活动、文化体验及自然保护相关的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握动词-ing形式作主语的用法。 4. 写作：掌握景点介绍或旅行日志类应用文的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：动词-ing形式在语境中的正确运用及描述公园特色的功能句式（如There be句型、感官描写）的掌握。 难点：运用本单元词汇与语法，有逻辑地描写公园自然景观与人文特色，并进行人与自然关系的辩证思考与表达。 单元词汇 知识点1 appeal vi. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉 【固定搭配】 appeal to 有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；打动 【拓展延伸】 本单元旅游、自然风光、主题公园话题核心高频短语，是读后续写、景物描写、应用文写作万能高级搭配，可替换普通词汇attract。 【即时小练】 The wild and splendid natural scenery strongly appeals ______ numerous visitors. 知识点2 adopt vt. 采用；采取；采纳；领养 【固定搭配】 （1）adopt a method/measure 采用方法；采取措施 （2）adopt a child 领养孩子 【易混辨析】 核心词汇 词义侧重 用法区别 adopt 采纳、采用；领养 及物动词，直接接宾语，无adopt to do结构 adapt 适应；改编 常接adapt to sth.，高考高频形近词改错考点 【拓展延伸】 多用于景区保护、旅游开发、环保措施类议论文，是高考语法填空和改错高频考点。 【即时小练】 Local authorities have ______ (adopt) effective measures to protect the original ecological environment. 知识点3 ban vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 【固定搭配】 ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 【拓展延伸】 景区管理、环境保护高频考点，侧重官方下达禁令、明令取缔违规行为，与prohibit为同义高频替换词。 【即时小练】 The park bans visitors from ______ (camp) randomly in the wild area. 知识点4 prohibit vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 变形 prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 【固定搭配】 （1）prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 （2）a prohibition on sth. 针对某事的禁令 【拓展延伸】 多用于景区规章制度、环境保护、公共秩序类话题，侧重官方明文禁止。 【即时小练】 Park rules prohibit visitors from ______ (pick) wild flowers in the reserve. 知识点5 rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的 【拓展延伸】 高考感悟类作文高分形容词，专门用于描述徒步、旅行、亲近自然、体验生活等有收获的经历。 【即时小练】 Hiking in the vast national park is a deeply ______ (reward) experience. 知识点6 amuse vt. （提供）消遣；（使）娱乐 变形 amusement n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦 【固定搭配】 amuse oneself with sth. 以某物自娱自乐 【拓展延伸】 主题公园、游玩体验话题核心词汇，多用于描述游乐项目带来消遣与愉悦，是应用文、读后续写高频词。 【即时小练】 Last October, children ______ (amuse) themselves with various facilities in the theme park all day. 知识点7 set out 出发；启程；着手工作 【固定搭配】 （1）set out for sp. 动身前往某地 （2）set out to do sth. 着手做某事 【拓展延伸】 旅行、探险类读后续写高频动作短语，替换普通单词leave，句式更高级。 【即时小练】 We set out ______ (explore) the beautiful valley at dawn. 知识点8 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的 变形 invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的 【固定搭配】 be visible to sb. 对某人来说是可见的 【拓展延伸】 景物描写高频词汇，用于描写远山、云雾、日出等自然景色清晰可见。 【即时小练】 The distant glacier is clearly ______ (visibility) on sunny days. 知识点9 live off 依靠……生活；以吃……为生 【固定搭配】 live off sth. 依靠某物生活；以某物为食 【拓展延伸】 本单元野外、自然生态、野生动物生存话题核心短语，多用于描述动物依托自然资源生存、栖息，适配人与自然类读后续写和阅读理解。 【即时小练】 Wild animals in the reserve ______ (live) off wild plants and clean stream water. 知识点10 单元话题写作拓展 【写作万能句（课本延伸）】 （1）Well-managed scenic spots with charming scenery appeal greatly to tourists from all over the world. 风光秀丽、管理有序的景区，深深吸引着来自世界各地的游客。（景物描写高分句型） （2）It is extremely rewarding to rely on natural resources and embrace the splendid landscape. 探索自然美景、拥抱壮丽山河，是极具意义的人生体验。（感悟总结万能句） 【拓展延伸】 本单元词汇适配自然风景、公园游记、旅行体验、生态保护、户外探险类读后续写、应用文作文，所有词汇均为课本原生词，可直接套用提升文采。 【特别提醒】 写作优先使用本单元高级词汇（appeal to、rewarding、adopt、prohibit、ban、amuse），替换普通词汇attract、good、use、forbid，快速提升作文档次。 【话题词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 景物描写类 vast、splendid、incredible、visible 辽阔的、绵延的、壮丽的、绝妙的、可见的 动作行程类 set out、live off、on the move 出发、依靠……生活、在行进中 规则保护类 prohibit、prohibition、adopt、ban 禁止、禁令、采取、取缔/禁令 感受评价类 rewarding、appeal to、superb、adorable 有益的、有吸引力、极佳的、可爱的 单元语法：-ing形式作主语 一、单元核心语法思维导图（-ing形式作主语） 二、-ing形式作主语基础核心知识 （一）基本定义与语法功能 -ing形式（动名词）作主语是本单元核心语法，指动词的-ing形式充当句子的主语，用于表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性的动作或状态。 （二）两大核心句式结构 句式类型 完整结构 用法说明 例句 直接作主语 Doing sth. + 谓语动词 + 其他 -ing形式/短语直接置于句首充当主语，简洁直观，侧重抽象行为 Exploring wild parks brings us closer to nature.（探索野生公园能让我们更亲近自然。） It作形式主语 It + 谓语 + doing sth.（真正主语） 为避免句子头重脚轻，用it占位，-ing短语后置，为单元高频书面句式 It is worthwhile visiting the unique national parks.（游览独特的国家公园是值得的。） 三、-ing形式作主语细分用法（重难点） 具体用法 语法规则详解 例句 单一动名词作主语 单个动词-ing形式作主语，表单一抽象动作，谓语动词统一用单数形式 Hiking benefits people’s physical and mental health.（徒步旅行有益于人们的身心健康。） 动名词短语作主语 带有宾语、状语的完整-ing短语作主语，整体视为单数主语，谓语用单数 Walking through the vast grasslands is an amazing experience.（漫步在广阔的草原上是一种奇妙的体验。） 并列动名词作主语 两个及以上-ing形式并列作主语，表两个独立动作，谓语用复数；表同一整体行为，谓语用单数 Observing wild animals and protecting them are our duties.（观察野生动物并保护它们是我们的责任。） 四、核心主谓一致规则 主谓一致是本语法核心考点，贯穿语法填空、短文改错题型，规则固定且唯一，无特殊变式。 常规规则：单个-ing形式/-ing短语作主语，无论内容长短，整体视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数（is/has/does/动词三单）。 并列特殊规则：不同动作的-ing形式并列，谓语用复数；同一类、整体性的习惯性动作并列，谓语可用单数。 五、重难点辨析：-ing形式作主语 vs 不定式作主语 对比维度 -ing形式作主语 不定式（to do）作主语 语义侧重 侧重抽象、习惯、经常性的动作、普遍真理 侧重具体、单次、将来的某次特定动作、临时行为 使用场景 多用于介绍常识、客观规律、生活习惯（适配公园自然常识类文本） 多用于描述单次计划、具体目标、某次行为 对比例句 Climbing mountains is relaxing.（爬山是令人放松的。）（泛指日常习惯） To climb this mountain tomorrow is my plan.（明天爬这座山是我的计划。）（特指单次具体行为） 六、单元语法易错点汇总 主谓一致易错：切忌根据-ing短语中的名词数量判断单复数，必须将整个短语视为一个整体。 句式混用易错：it作形式主语时，固定搭配 It is worthwhile doing sth.，不可随意替换为to do。 语义误用易错：描述客观常识、普遍体验优先用-ing形式；描述单次具体计划用不定式，不可混用。 谓语形式易错：单个-ing主语，谓语动词严禁使用复数形式，是改错高频考点。 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．The idea ______ (吸引) to young people is to travel around the world after graduation. 2．It's ________ (罕见的) to see such a beautiful rainbow in the city, especially after a heavy rainstorm. 3．________ (陪伴) by some of his loyal students, Confucius spent 14 years of his life travelling from state to state, spreading his ideas and discussing philosophical questions. 4．The police have ________ (呼吁) to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them. 5．Chinese culture is the main ________ (主题) of this year's festival. 6．The government ________ (禁止) the use of that chemical in 1999. 7．The children ______ (逗乐) by the magic show, their eyes wide with wonder. 8．Qi Baishi' s works of shrimps, crabs and fish have often been on __________（展览）. 9．The warning signs were not ______ (可见的) to the driver, leading to a serious accident. 10．The view from the top of the mountain was __________ (难以置信的), offering an all-inclusive sweep of the entire valley below. 2、 阅读理解 A Children's Discovery Museum General Information about Group Play Pricing Group Play $7/person Scholarships We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship. Group Size We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options. Hours The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm. Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open. Registration Policy Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options. Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days. Guidelines ●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. ●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum. ●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits. ●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum. 1．What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship? A．Prepay the admission fees. B．Use the Museum's transportation. C．Take a survey after the visit. D．Schedule their visit on weekdays. 2．How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum? A．Using the computer. B．Talking with each other. C．Touching the exhibits. D．Exploring the place alone. B Cities need nature to stay healthy. 4 Known as the "lungs of a city", they not only beautify urban areas but also provide environment health, social, and economic benefits. These spaces play a key role in improving the quality of life for city residents. Urban parks protect the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases like carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, reducing air pollution. They also provide shade, which lowers temperatures during hot summers. For example, studies show parks can reduce the "heat island" effect caused by roads and buildings, cooling nearby areas by up to 7℃. 5 Parks improve public health. They offer spaces for jogging, cycling, and other exercises, encouraging physical activity. Spending time in nature also reduces stress and improves mental health. Research shows people who visit parks regularly have lower risks of being overweight and heart disease. 6 They are vital for healthy living. 7 People from different backgrounds gather here to relax and connect. Children make friends on playgrounds, while cultural festivals in picnic areas unite neighbors. As experts say, "Parks break down social barriers and create shared joy." These interactions build a sense of belonging in crowded cities. Parks greatly benefit local economies. Homes near parks often have higher values, attracting families and investors. 8 Parks also draw tourists, boosting income for hotels, and restaurants. A．Clearly, parks are not just for fun. B．Parks strengthen community connections. C．Investing in parks creates jobs and supports businesses. D．Urban parks are essential green spaces in modern cities. E．This makes parks critical for cities facing climate challenges. F．Maintaining green spaces is wise for cities aiming for growth. G．Nearby shops and cafes see more customers, especially on weekends. 三、完形填空 Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s "Lost City" is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1．A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2．A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3．A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4．A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5．A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6．A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7．A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8．A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9．A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10．A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11．A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12．A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13．A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14．A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15．A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kew Gardens in London has opened one of its 1 (ambitious) garden projects in recent years: the Carbon Garden. Carbon is the building block of life, and can 2 (find) in all living things. However, human activities are releasing too much carbon dioxide 3 the atmosphere, trapping heat and 4 (warm) the planet. This new permanent garden brings to life the critical role that carbon plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also communicates the scale of the climate crisis, and shares how plants and fungi are our natural allies in climate repair. The garden features a selection of herbaceous perennials (草本多年生植物), an exposed coal face showing fossilised plants, a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden, 5 thirty-five new trees selected for their resilience to future climate conditions. A fungal-inspired pavilion directs rainwater into the rain garden, and provides shelter for school 6 (visit) and community activities. Richard Wilford, designer of the Carbon Garden, says: "The Carbon Garden offers 7 unique opportunity to showcase our ongoing research, combining scientific insight with 8 (thought) design and beautiful planting, to highlight the role of carbon in our lives, how it moves through the environment, and 9 plants and fungi can help us tackle climate change." The hope is that the Carbon Garden will encourage visitors to become advocates for nature, highlighting actions they can take 10 (support) the health of plants and the planet. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Fascinating Parks（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与自然——了解不同类型公园（国家公园、城市公园、主题公园）的特色与意义。 2. 掌握描述公园景观、户外活动、文化体验及自然保护相关的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握动词-ing形式作主语的用法。 4. 写作：掌握景点介绍或旅行日志类应用文的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：动词-ing形式在语境中的正确运用及描述公园特色的功能句式（如There be句型、感官描写）的掌握。 难点：运用本单元词汇与语法，有逻辑地描写公园自然景观与人文特色，并进行人与自然关系的辩证思考与表达。 单元词汇 知识点1 appeal vi. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉 【固定搭配】 appeal to 有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；打动 【拓展延伸】 本单元旅游、自然风光、主题公园话题核心高频短语，是读后续写、景物描写、应用文写作万能高级搭配，可替换普通词汇attract。 【即时小练】 The wild and splendid natural scenery strongly appeals ______ numerous visitors. 答案：to 解析：appeal to 为课本固定搭配，意为“对……有吸引力”，介词to不可省略。 知识点2 adopt vt. 采用；采取；采纳；领养 【固定搭配】 （1）adopt a method/measure 采用方法；采取措施 （2）adopt a child 领养孩子 【易混辨析】 核心词汇 词义侧重 用法区别 adopt 采纳、采用；领养 及物动词，直接接宾语，无adopt to do结构 adapt 适应；改编 常接adapt to sth.，高考高频形近词改错考点 【拓展延伸】 多用于景区保护、旅游开发、环保措施类议论文，是高考语法填空和改错高频考点。 【即时小练】 Local authorities have ______ (adopt) effective measures to protect the original ecological environment. 答案：adopted 解析：现在完成时have后接过去分词，考查时态变形考点。 知识点3 ban vt. 明令禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 【固定搭配】 ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 【拓展延伸】 景区管理、环境保护高频考点，侧重官方下达禁令、明令取缔违规行为，与prohibit为同义高频替换词。 【即时小练】 The park bans visitors from ______ (camp) randomly in the wild area. 答案：camping 解析：ban sb. from doing sth. 为固定结构，from为介词，后接动名词，是语法填空高频考点。 知识点4 prohibit vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；阻止 变形 prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 【固定搭配】 （1）prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 （2）a prohibition on sth. 针对某事的禁令 【拓展延伸】 多用于景区规章制度、环境保护、公共秩序类话题，侧重官方明文禁止。 【即时小练】 Park rules prohibit visitors from ______ (pick) wild flowers in the reserve. 答案：picking 解析：prohibit sb. from doing sth. 固定结构，from为介词，后接动名词。 知识点5 rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的 【拓展延伸】 高考感悟类作文高分形容词，专门用于描述徒步、旅行、亲近自然、体验生活等有收获的经历。 【即时小练】 Hiking in the vast national park is a deeply ______ (reward) experience. 答案：rewarding 解析：形容词修饰名词experience，词性转换为写作高频考点。 知识点6 amuse vt. （提供）消遣；（使）娱乐 变形 amusement n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦 【固定搭配】 amuse oneself with sth. 以某物自娱自乐 【拓展延伸】 主题公园、游玩体验话题核心词汇，多用于描述游乐项目带来消遣与愉悦，是应用文、读后续写高频词。 【即时小练】 Last October, children ______ (amuse) themselves with various facilities in the theme park all day. 答案：amused 解析：描述游玩场景常用一般过去时，考查动词时态基础考点。 知识点7 set out 出发；启程；着手工作 【固定搭配】 （1）set out for sp. 动身前往某地 （2）set out to do sth. 着手做某事 【拓展延伸】 旅行、探险类读后续写高频动作短语，替换普通单词leave，句式更高级。 【即时小练】 We set out ______ (explore) the beautiful valley at dawn. 答案：to explore 解析：set out to do sth. 为固定结构，意为“着手/出发做某事”。 知识点8 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的 变形 invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的 【固定搭配】 be visible to sb. 对某人来说是可见的 【拓展延伸】 景物描写高频词汇，用于描写远山、云雾、日出等自然景色清晰可见。 【即时小练】 The distant glacier is clearly ______ (visibility) on sunny days. 答案：visible 解析：系动词后接形容词作表语，考查名词变形容词词性转换。 知识点9 live off 依靠……生活；以吃……为生 【固定搭配】 live off sth. 依靠某物生活；以某物为食 【拓展延伸】 本单元野外、自然生态、野生动物生存话题核心短语，多用于描述动物依托自然资源生存、栖息，适配人与自然类读后续写和阅读理解。 【即时小练】 Wild animals in the reserve ______ (live) off wild plants and clean stream water. 答案：live 解析：主语为复数，描述客观生存常态，用一般现在时。 知识点10 单元话题写作拓展 【写作万能句（课本延伸）】 （1）Well-managed scenic spots with charming scenery appeal greatly to tourists from all over the world. 风光秀丽、管理有序的景区，深深吸引着来自世界各地的游客。（景物描写高分句型） （2）It is extremely rewarding to rely on natural resources and embrace the splendid landscape. 探索自然美景、拥抱壮丽山河，是极具意义的人生体验。（感悟总结万能句） 【拓展延伸】 本单元词汇适配自然风景、公园游记、旅行体验、生态保护、户外探险类读后续写、应用文作文，所有词汇均为课本原生词，可直接套用提升文采。 【特别提醒】 写作优先使用本单元高级词汇（appeal to、rewarding、adopt、prohibit、ban、amuse），替换普通词汇attract、good、use、forbid，快速提升作文档次。 【话题词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 景物描写类 vast、splendid、incredible、visible 辽阔的、绵延的、壮丽的、绝妙的、可见的 动作行程类 set out、live off、on the move 出发、依靠……生活、在行进中 规则保护类 prohibit、prohibition、adopt、ban 禁止、禁令、采取、取缔/禁令 感受评价类 rewarding、appeal to、superb、adorable 有益的、有吸引力、极佳的、可爱的 单元语法：-ing形式作主语 一、单元核心语法思维导图（-ing形式作主语） 二、-ing形式作主语基础核心知识 （一）基本定义与语法功能 -ing形式（动名词）作主语是本单元核心语法，指动词的-ing形式充当句子的主语，用于表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性的动作或状态。 （二）两大核心句式结构 句式类型 完整结构 用法说明 例句 直接作主语 Doing sth. + 谓语动词 + 其他 -ing形式/短语直接置于句首充当主语，简洁直观，侧重抽象行为 Exploring wild parks brings us closer to nature.（探索野生公园能让我们更亲近自然。） It作形式主语 It + 谓语 + doing sth.（真正主语） 为避免句子头重脚轻，用it占位，-ing短语后置，为单元高频书面句式 It is worthwhile visiting the unique national parks.（游览独特的国家公园是值得的。） 三、-ing形式作主语细分用法（重难点） 具体用法 语法规则详解 例句 单一动名词作主语 单个动词-ing形式作主语，表单一抽象动作，谓语动词统一用单数形式 Hiking benefits people’s physical and mental health.（徒步旅行有益于人们的身心健康。） 动名词短语作主语 带有宾语、状语的完整-ing短语作主语，整体视为单数主语，谓语用单数 Walking through the vast grasslands is an amazing experience.（漫步在广阔的草原上是一种奇妙的体验。） 并列动名词作主语 两个及以上-ing形式并列作主语，表两个独立动作，谓语用复数；表同一整体行为，谓语用单数 Observing wild animals and protecting them are our duties.（观察野生动物并保护它们是我们的责任。） 四、核心主谓一致规则 主谓一致是本语法核心考点，贯穿语法填空、短文改错题型，规则固定且唯一，无特殊变式。 常规规则：单个-ing形式/-ing短语作主语，无论内容长短，整体视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数（is/has/does/动词三单）。 并列特殊规则：不同动作的-ing形式并列，谓语用复数；同一类、整体性的习惯性动作并列，谓语可用单数。 五、重难点辨析：-ing形式作主语 vs 不定式作主语 对比维度 -ing形式作主语 不定式（to do）作主语 语义侧重 侧重抽象、习惯、经常性的动作、普遍真理 侧重具体、单次、将来的某次特定动作、临时行为 使用场景 多用于介绍常识、客观规律、生活习惯（适配公园自然常识类文本） 多用于描述单次计划、具体目标、某次行为 对比例句 Climbing mountains is relaxing.（爬山是令人放松的。）（泛指日常习惯） To climb this mountain tomorrow is my plan.（明天爬这座山是我的计划。）（特指单次具体行为） 六、单元语法易错点汇总 主谓一致易错：切忌根据-ing短语中的名词数量判断单复数，必须将整个短语视为一个整体。 句式混用易错：it作形式主语时，固定搭配 It is worthwhile doing sth.，不可随意替换为to do。 语义误用易错：描述客观常识、普遍体验优先用-ing形式；描述单次具体计划用不定式，不可混用。 谓语形式易错：单个-ing主语，谓语动词严禁使用复数形式，是改错高频考点。 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．The idea ______ (吸引) to young people is to travel around the world after graduation. 【答案】appealing 【详解】考查动词。句意：吸引年轻人的想法是毕业后环游世界。结合空后的"to"可知，"吸引"应用动词appeal，构成固定短语appeal to"吸引"，且空处是非谓语，作The idea的后置定语，appeal to和The idea逻辑上是主动关系，因此用appeal的现在分词形式。故填appealing。 2．It's ________ (罕见的) to see such a beautiful rainbow in the city, especially after a heavy rainstorm. 【答案】rare 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在这个城市看到如此美丽的彩虹是很罕见的，尤其是在一场暴雨之后。"罕见的"应用形容词rare，作表语。故填rare。 3．________ (陪伴) by some of his loyal students, Confucius spent 14 years of his life travelling from state to state, spreading his ideas and discussing philosophical questions. 【答案】Accompanied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些忠实弟子的陪伴下，孔子用14年时间周游列国，传播思想并探讨哲学问题。根据汉语提示"陪伴"可知，此处需用动词"accompany"，此处为非谓语短语作状语，逻辑主语Confucius与accompany之间为被动关系，所以此处用过去分词形式accompanied，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Accompanied。 4．The police have ________ (呼吁) to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them. 【答案】appealed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：警方已呼吁任何有消息的人站出来与他们交谈。"呼吁" 常见英文为 appeal，由have可知，这里使用的是现在完成时，其结构为 "have/has + 过去分词"，appeal的过去分词是appealed。故填appealed。 5．Chinese culture is the main ________ (主题) of this year's festival. 【答案】theme 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国文化是今年节日的核心主题。"主题"对应的英文单词为theme作表语。故填theme。 6．The government ________ (禁止) the use of that chemical in 1999. 【答案】prohibited/banned/forbade 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府于1999年禁止使用这种化学品。空处作谓语，"禁止"应用动词prohibit、ban或forbid，结合"in 1999"可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填prohibited/banned/forbade。 7．The children ______ (逗乐) by the magic show, their eyes wide with wonder. 【答案】were amused 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们被魔术表演逗乐了，惊奇地睁大了眼睛。"逗乐"应用动词amuse，空处作句子的谓语，句子应该是叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，amuse和主语The children之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were amused。 8．Qi Baishi' s works of shrimps, crabs and fish have often been on __________（展览）. 【答案】display 【详解】考查名词。句意：齐白石的虾、蟹和鱼的作品经常被展出。根据汉语提示和句意可知，此处是介词短语on display，意为"展出"，名词作宾语。故填display。 9．The warning signs were not ______ (可见的) to the driver, leading to a serious accident. 【答案】visible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：警示标志对司机来说不可见，导致了一场严重的事故。were是系动词，后接形容词作表语，"visible"意为"可见的"，合语境。故填visible。 10．The view from the top of the mountain was __________ (难以置信的), offering an all-inclusive sweep of the entire valley below. 【答案】incredible/unbelievable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从山顶俯瞰的景色令人难以置信，脚下的整个山谷一览无余。根据汉语提示和空格前的was可知，空格处应该用形容词incredible或unbelievable作表语。故填incredible/unbelievable。 2、 阅读理解 A Children's Discovery Museum General Information about Group Play Pricing Group Play $7/person Scholarships We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship. Group Size We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options. Hours The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm. Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open. Registration Policy Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options. Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days. Guidelines ●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. ●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum. ●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits. ●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum. 1．What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship? A．Prepay the admission fees. B．Use the Museum's transportation. C．Take a survey after the visit. D．Schedule their visit on weekdays. 2．How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum? A．Using the computer. B．Talking with each other. C．Touching the exhibits. D．Exploring the place alone. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Scholarship标题下"We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.(我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷)"可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项C"Take a survey after the visit.(接受参观后的问卷调查)"属于同义替换，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据"Group Size"标题下"We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children.(我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人)"可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据"Guidelines"标题下"Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.(无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域)"可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项D"Exploring the place alone.(独自探索博物馆)"属于同义替换，故选D。 B Cities need nature to stay healthy. 4 Known as the "lungs of a city", they not only beautify urban areas but also provide environment health, social, and economic benefits. These spaces play a key role in improving the quality of life for city residents. Urban parks protect the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases like carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, reducing air pollution. They also provide shade, which lowers temperatures during hot summers. For example, studies show parks can reduce the "heat island" effect caused by roads and buildings, cooling nearby areas by up to 7℃. 5 Parks improve public health. They offer spaces for jogging, cycling, and other exercises, encouraging physical activity. Spending time in nature also reduces stress and improves mental health. Research shows people who visit parks regularly have lower risks of being overweight and heart disease. 6 They are vital for healthy living. 7 People from different backgrounds gather here to relax and connect. Children make friends on playgrounds, while cultural festivals in picnic areas unite neighbors. As experts say, "Parks break down social barriers and create shared joy." These interactions build a sense of belonging in crowded cities. Parks greatly benefit local economies. Homes near parks often have higher values, attracting families and investors. 8 Parks also draw tourists, boosting income for hotels, and restaurants. A．Clearly, parks are not just for fun. B．Parks strengthen community connections. C．Investing in parks creates jobs and supports businesses. D．Urban parks are essential green spaces in modern cities. E．This makes parks critical for cities facing climate challenges. F．Maintaining green spaces is wise for cities aiming for growth. G．Nearby shops and cafes see more customers, especially on weekends. 【答案】4．D 5．E 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章从环境、健康、社区和经济等多个方面探讨了城市公园的作用，强调了公园在现代城市中的重要性。 【详解】4．上文提到"Cities need nature to stay healthy. (城市需要自然才能保持健康。)"，结合下文"Urban parks protect the environment.(城市公园保护环境。)"可知，此空引入城市公园这一概念，D项"Urban parks are essential green spaces in modern cities. (城市公园是现代城市中必不可少的绿色空间。)"直接定义公园，呼应下文"lungs of a city(城市之肺)"，故选D。 5．设空处为位于段末，上文提到"Trees absorb harmful gases like carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, reducing air pollution. They also provide shade, which lowers temperatures during hot summers. For example, studies show parks can reduce the "heat island" effect caused by roads and buildings, cooling nearby areas by up to 7℃.(树木吸收二氧化碳等有害气体，产生氧气，减少空气污染。它们还提供阴凉，在炎热的夏天降低温度。例如，研究表明，公园可以减少由道路和建筑物引起的‘热岛'效应，使附近地区降温高达7℃)"指出公园有助于降低空气污染，降低温度；E项"This makes parks critical for cities facing climate challenges. (这使得公园对于面临气候挑战的城市至关重要。)"承接上文，总结全文，说明公园在环境方面的关键作用，与标题"Urban parks protect the environment.(城市公园保护环境)"相呼应。故选E。 6．上文"They offer spaces for jogging, cycling, and other exercises, encouraging physical activity. Spending time in nature also reduces stress and improves mental health. Research shows people who visit parks regularly have lower risks of being overweight and heart disease. (他们为慢跑、骑自行车和其他运动提供空间，鼓励体育活动。花时间在大自然中也可以减轻压力，改善心理健康。研究表明，经常去公园的人患超重和心脏病的风险较低。)"指出公园提供休闲运动的场所，更强调经常去公园有益身心健康；A项"Clearly, parks are not just for fun. (显然，公园不仅仅是娱乐的地方。)"对上文内容进行总结，引出下文公园在健康方面的重要性。故选A。 7．设空处为小标题；下文提到"People from different backgrounds gather here to relax and connect. (来自不同背景的人们聚集在这里放松和交流。)"，可以推断本段的主旨是公园能将不同背景的人凝结在一起。B项"Parks strengthen community connections. (公园加强社区联系。)"强调了公园增强社会联系的功能，概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题，故选B。 8．由上文"Homes near parks often have higher values, attracting families and investors. (靠近公园的房屋通常价值更高，吸引家庭和投资者。)"可知，此处阐述公园经济作用相关的内容。C项"Investing in parks creates jobs and supports businesses. (投资公园可以创造就业机会并支持企业。)"与上文相呼应，进一步说明了公园对当地经济的积极影响，故选C。 三、完形填空 Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s "Lost City" is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1．A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2．A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3．A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4．A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5．A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6．A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7．A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8．A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9．A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10．A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11．A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12．A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13．A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14．A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15．A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章描述了作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到达那里的机会仅仅是步行：一个累人的徒步旅行持续几天不间断。A. dangerous危险的；B. impressive印象深刻的；C. identical完全相同的；D. available可到达的，可得到的。根据上文"There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins.(没有火车或公共汽车可以方便地到达它的废墟)"以及空后"on foot"可知，只有步行才能到达Ciudad Perdida，故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会。A. resist抵挡，忍住；B. obtain获得；C. promote提升；D. employ雇用。根据下文"Twelve other hikers and I went there"可知，虽然只有步行才能到达，作者还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去了那里。A. comparison比较；B. combination结合；C. company陪伴；D. communication交流。根据"a licensed guide"可知，作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一名持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条泥泞的小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，从一开始就充满了挑战。A. buried埋葬；B. swung摇摆；C. wound蜿蜒，曲折；D. leaked泄漏。which指代先行词"The dirt path"，结合空后"through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)"可知，小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. challenging有挑战的；D. amazing令人惊奇的。根据上文"The dirt path, which ___4___ through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)"以及下文"as the journey is difficult"可知，这段旅程一开始就充满挑战，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。A. character性格；B. fitness健康；C. independence独立；D. confidence信心。根据"as the journey is difficult"可知，由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马帮忙把食物等基本生活用品运送到我们睡觉的小屋。A. equipment设备；B. furniture家具；C. possessions财产；D. supplies储备，补给品。根据"like food"可知，此处指生活用品，故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上我们还遇到了当地人。A. natives当地人；B. visitors游客；C. guides导游；D. drivers司机。根据"They have been left undisturbed for centuries"可知，作者遇到了当地人，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，他们一直没有受到打扰，他们与这片土地之间有着深厚的联系。A. conflict冲突；B. distance距离；C. bond纽带，联系；D. belief信念。根据"They have been left undisturbed for centuries"和语境可知，当地人一直生活在这里，未受到外界打扰，和这片土地应是有深厚的感情，故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，为了避免高温，我们早早就出发了，但当我们到达最后一个阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经开始了——我们要走1200个石头台阶。A. reduce减少；B. avoid避免；C. lower降低；D. detect发现，查明。根据"we were off earl"以及"high temperatures"可知，作者早早出发是为了避免高温，故选B。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. set in（雨、恶劣天气等）到来，开始；B. cut off切断；C. watched out小心；D. gave in屈服。根据转折词but以及下文"by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to ___12___."可知，作者一行人为了避免高温早早出发，但是到最后高温和肌肉酸痛还是开始了，故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cover行走（一段距离）；B. catch抓住；C. display展示；D. explore探索。根据"1, 200 stone steps"可知，此处指走1200个石头台阶，故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，我的目光落在了壮丽的景色上，我抬起痛苦的身体，爬上了长长的楼梯，这景色曾激励我艰难地来到Ciudad Perdida。A. predicted预测；B. convinced使信服；C. motivated激励；D. evaluated评价。根据"after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs"可知，美景激励着作者继续艰难的旅程，故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然回程包括克服已经实现目标的心理障碍，但这次经历是我愿意再次经历的。A. overcoming克服；B. memorizing记住；C. observing观察；D. witnessing目击。根据"the mental barrier"可知，此处指克服心理障碍，故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。A. luxurious奢侈的；B. relevant相关的；C. flexible灵活的；D. rewarding值得的，有意义的。根据上文"the experience is the one I would do again"以及下文"Earned views are always better."可知，正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。故选D。 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kew Gardens in London has opened one of its 1 (ambitious) garden projects in recent years: the Carbon Garden. Carbon is the building block of life, and can 2 (find) in all living things. However, human activities are releasing too much carbon dioxide 3 the atmosphere, trapping heat and 4 (warm) the planet. This new permanent garden brings to life the critical role that carbon plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also communicates the scale of the climate crisis, and shares how plants and fungi are our natural allies in climate repair. The garden features a selection of herbaceous perennials (草本多年生植物), an exposed coal face showing fossilised plants, a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden, 5 thirty-five new trees selected for their resilience to future climate conditions. A fungal-inspired pavilion directs rainwater into the rain garden, and provides shelter for school 6 (visit) and community activities. Richard Wilford, designer of the Carbon Garden, says: "The Carbon Garden offers 7 unique opportunity to showcase our ongoing research, combining scientific insight with 8 (thought) design and beautiful planting, to highlight the role of carbon in our lives, how it moves through the environment, and 9 plants and fungi can help us tackle climate change." The hope is that the Carbon Garden will encourage visitors to become advocates for nature, highlighting actions they can take 10 (support) the health of plants and the planet. 【答案】 1．most ambitious 2．be found 3．into 4．warming 5．and 6．visits 7．a 8．thoughtful 9．how 10．to support 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了伦敦邱园（Kew Gardens）近年来推出的最具雄心的园林项目之一——"碳花园"。 【详解】1．考查最高级。句意：伦敦邱园（Kew Gardens）近日推出了近年来最具雄心的园林项目之一——"碳花园"。"碳花园"是伦敦邱园最具雄心的园林项目之一，空格处用最高级most ambitious。故填most ambitious。 2．考查被动语态。句意：碳是生命的基石，存在于所有生物之中。碳是被发现，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处是be found。故填be found。 3．考查介词。句意：然而，人类活动正将过量的二氧化碳释放到大气中，导致热量滞留、地球变暖。release...into...意为"把……释放到……中"，因此空格处用介词into。故填into。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，人类活动正将过量的二氧化碳释放到大气中，导致热量滞留、地球变暖。句中谓语是are releasing，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词表结果，作状语。故填warming。 5．考查连词。句意：花园内精心布置了多种草本多年生植物、一处裸露的煤层（展示着化石植物）、一座种植耐旱植物的旱景园、一座雨水花园，以及35棵因对未来气候条件具备强适应性而被选中的新树。a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden和thirty-five new trees之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列。故填and。 6．考查名词的复数。句意：一座受真菌启发的亭子将雨水引入雨水花园，同时也为学校参观和社区活动提供了遮蔽场所。and前后一致，由activities可知，空格处用复数。故填visits。 7．考查冠词。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。故填a。 8．考查形容词。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。空格处用形容词thoughtful作定语，修饰名词design，thoughtful意为"深思熟虑的"。故填thoughtful。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：‘碳花园’提供了一个独特的机会，让我们能够展示正在进行的研究，将科学洞察力与深思熟虑的设计和优美的植物配置相结合，以凸显碳在我们生活中的作用、它在环境中的流动方式，以及植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，句子表示"植物和真菌如何助力我们应对气候变化"，空格处意为"如何"，因此用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 10．考查不定式。句意：人们希望，"碳花园"能够激励游客成为大自然的倡导者，并强调他们可以采取哪些行动来支持植物与地球的健康。该句为省略关系代词的定语从句，结合"take actions to do sth."是固定短语，意为"采取行动做某事"可知，空格处用不定式to support。故填to support。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $