UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦“肢体语言”核心知识点，通过Pre-reading问题引导激活背景认知，While-reading分“析架构、知细节、辨难句”三步梳理文本脉络（如肢体语言的跨文化差异、共通性及功能），Post-reading结合思维提升与语法填空巩固学习，形成“引入-分析-应用”的完整学习支架。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与思维品质培养，通过对比不同文化中“OK手势、点头含义”等实例（如日本低头表尊重、保加利亚点头表否定）引导跨文化理解，设计“肢体语言与语言哪个更可靠”等问题促进批判性思维。课中助力教师开展分层教学，课后词汇集释、语法练习等模块帮助学生查漏补缺，提升语言综合运用能力。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Discuss and answer the following questions. 1.What’s the function of language？ 答案：略 2.Suppose we are living in a silent world.How will you communicate with each other？ 答案：略 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.What does the text mainly talk about？ A.Communication.　 B.Spoken language. C.Body language.　 D.Different cultures. 答案：C 2.Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 （Para.1） A.The same gesture may have different meanings in different cultures. Part 2 （Para.2）　 B.Some body language has many different uses. Part 3 （Paras. 3－4）　　C.Body language varies from culture to culture. Part 4 （Para.5）　 D.Both words and body language are important in our interactions with others. Part 5 （Para.6）　　E.Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 答案：Parts 1－5　DCAEB 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What should one do when talking to an older person in Japan？ A.Look down. B.Raise head. C.Make eye contact. D.Shake hands with him/her. 2.What can we learn about the gesture for “OK” in France？ A.It means zero. B.It means money. C.It means good luck. D.It means good health. 3.When someone nods head to you in Bulgaria and southern Albania， it means 　　　　. A.he/she is full B.he/she is tired C.he/she agrees with you D.he/she disagrees with you 4.What does the author try to tell us by giving the example of smiling？ A.Some body language is used in all countries. B.Some body language can serve different purposes. C.Some body language is more important than words. D.Some body language has different meanings in different cultures. 答案：1－4　AADB 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Words are important， but the way people stand， hold their arms， and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 句式分析：本句是一个由　but　连接的并列句。后一个分句中　the way　后跟了一个定语从句，当the way 作先行词且在从句中作状语时，从句用　that/in which　来引导，也可以省略引导词。 自主翻译：　话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。　 2.In many countries， shaking one’s head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”. 句式分析：本句是一个由　and　连接的并列句。这两个分句都是　动词-ing形式（短语）　作主语，动词-ing形式（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用　第三人称单数　形式。 自主翻译：　在许多国家，摇头表示否定，点头表示肯定。　 3.And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 句式分析：本句是一个复合句。if引导　条件状语　从句，主句中there is nothing better than是用比较级的否定形式表达　最高级　含义。 自主翻译：　当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 1.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings， their body language or the words they speak？Why？ 　Their body language is much more reliable than the words they speak， because body language has trouble in hiding their anger， disappointment or irritation.　 2.Why do we need to learn body language？ 　（1）It helps us avoid misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication.　 　（2）It improves our communication skills by observing the facial expressions and gestures of native speakers.　 　（3）It makes communication more comfortable and easier to understand.　 　（4）It helps those who lose the power of speech express their thoughts and feelings.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Words are important， but body language can also give us 1.　information　 （inform） about people’s feelings.Body language is one of 2.　the　 most powerful means of communication.It is used to convey people’s thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other.When 3.　talking　 （talk） with others， you are not just using words， 4.　but　 using facial expressions as well as gestures.Just like spoken language， body language 5.　varies　 （vary） from culture to culture.The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” and the way we greet differ around the world.Some gestures seem 6.　to have　 （have） the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”.Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the 7.　best　 （good） example is smiling.A smile can help us get 8.　through　 difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers.Experts suggest 9.　smiling　 （smile） at yourself in the mirror 10.　to make　 （make） yourself feel happier and stronger. LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions① with other people.We can learn a lot about [1]what people are thinking [2]by watching their body language.Words are important， but [3]the way people stand， hold their arms， and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 　　[1]what people are thinking是跟在介词about之后的宾语从句，what在从句中作thinking的宾语。 　　[2]by watching their body language作方式状语。 　　[3]people stand， hold their arms， and move their hands是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了关系代词that或in which。 　　Just like spoken language， body language varies② from culture to culture.The crucial③ thing is [4]using body language in a way that is appropriate④ to the culture you are in.For example， [5]making eye contact — looking into someone’s eyes — in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries， by contrast⑤， eye contact is not always approved⑥ of.For example， in many Middle Eastern countries， men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan， it may demonstrate⑦ respect to look down when talking to an older person. 　　[4]动词-ing短语using body language ...作表语；that is appropriate to the culture you are in是定语从句，修饰先行词a way， that在从句中作主语；句中的you are in 也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture，关系代词which/that因在从句中作宾语而被省略了。 　　[5]动词-ing短语making eye contact作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 　　The gesture⑧ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan， someone [6]who witnesses⑨ another person employing⑩ the gesture might think it means money.In France， a person [7]encountering an identical⑪ gesture may interpret⑫ it as meaning zero.However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is not considered polite. 　　[6]who witnesses another person employing the gesture是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 　　[7]encountering an identical gesture是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a person， a person与encounter之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。动词-ing短语meaning zero作介词as的宾语。 　　Even the gestures [8]we use for “yes” and “no” differ⑬ around the world.In many countries， [9]shaking one’s head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”.By comparison⑭， in Bulgaria and southern Albania， the gestures have the opposite meaning.There are also differences in [10]how we touch each other， how close we stand to someone we are talking to， and how we act when we meet or part.In countries like France and Russia， people may kiss their friends on the cheek⑮ when they meet.Elsewhere， people favour⑯ [11]shaking hands， bowing⑰ from the waist⑱， or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 　　[8]we use for “yes” and “no”是省略关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰先行词the gestures。 　　[9]动词-ing短语shaking one’s head和nodding都在句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 　　[10]how we touch ...， how close we stand ...， and how we act ...是三个由how引导的并列宾语从句，连接方式是A，B， and C；其中we are talking to是定语从句，修饰先行词someone；when we meet or part是由when引导的时间状语从句。 　　[11]shaking hands， bowing from the waist， or nodding the head是三个并列的动词-ing短语作favour的宾语，连接方式是A，B， or C；when they meet someone else是由when引导的时间状语从句。 　　Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.[12]Placing your hands together and resting⑲ them on the side of your head [13] while closing your eyes means “sleep”.A good way of saying⑳ “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 　　[12]Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head是两个并列的动词-ing短语作主语，表示同一件事，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 　　[13]while closing your eyes是省略了you are的状语从句。 　　Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through㉑ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down㉒ barriers㉓.We can use a smile [14] to apologise， to greet someone， to ask for help， or to start a conversation.Experts suggest [15]smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down㉔ or lonely， [16]there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 　　[14]to apologise， to greet someone， to ask for help， or to start a conversation是四个并列的目的状语，连接方式是A， B， C， or D。 　　[15]动词-ing短语smiling at yourself in the mirror作suggest的宾语，动词不定式短语to make yourself feel happier and stronger作目的状语。 　　[16]there is nothing better than是比较级用于否定句中表达最高级含义。 ①interaction n.交流；相互影响 interaction with与……的交流 ②vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 vary from ...to ...由……到……不等 various adj.各种各样的 variety n.多样化 ③crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 ④appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 be appropriate for/to适合…… It is appropriate （for sb） to do sth（某人）做某事是合适的 ⑤by contrast 相比之下 ⑥approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 approve of 赞成；满意 approval n.赞成 ⑦demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明 ⑧gesture n.手势；姿势；姿态 ⑨witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人 witness sb doing sth见证某人做某事 ⑩employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 employ sb as ...雇用某人当…… employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事 employee n.雇员 employer n.雇主 ⑪identical adj.相同的 be identical to/with与……一样 ⑫interpret vt.把……理解（解释）为vi.& vt.口译 interpret ...as ...把……理解为…… ⑬differ vi.相异；不同于 differ from＝be different from 与……不同/有区别 differ in 在……方面不同 different adj.不同的 difference n.不同；区别 make a difference 有影响 ⑭by comparison（与……）相比较 ⑮cheek n.面颊；脸颊 ⑯favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同 in favour of 支持；赞同 ⑰bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低（头） bow to sb 向某人鞠躬 ⑱waist n.腰；腰部 ⑲rest v.（被）支撑；（使）倚靠；托 ⑳a way of doing sth做某事的方法 ㉑get through 度过；（设法）做完；完成；通过（测试等） ㉒break down 消除；分解；打破 ㉓barrier n.隔阂；障碍 language barrier 语言障碍 ㉔feel down 感到沮丧 参考译文 听听肢体是怎么说话的 　　在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。 　　不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。例如，在一些国家，眼神交流（即直视某人的眼睛）是表示兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，社交上不允许男性和女性进行眼神交流。在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。 　　“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有着不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。 　　甚至连用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家，摇头表示否定，点头表示肯定。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 　　有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式，就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。 　　某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、寻求帮助或主动攀谈。专家们建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 Ⅰ.课文词块默写 1.　express our thoughts and opinions　　 　表达我们的想法和意见 2.　in our interactions with other people　　　在我们与他人的互动中 3.　vary from culture to culture　　　因文化而异 4.　make eye contact　　　眼神交流 5.　demonstrate respect　　　表示敬重 6.　encounter an identical gesture　　　遇到相同的手势 7.　have the opposite meaning　　　含义截然相反 8.　on the side of your head　　　在你头部的一侧 9.　get through difficult situations　摆脱困境 10.　break down barriers　　　打破隔阂 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。 　We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.　 2.有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。 　Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.　 3.当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 　And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.　 阅读理解 A 　　If you want to succeed in life， you need to express the proper body language， with or without having to say anything else.You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language. 　　Relax your shoulders， keep your hands at your sides （never inside your pockets） and breathe slowly.Have a warm， welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating.Depending on the situation， you may smile when appropriate. 　　Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk.Nodding and tilting （倾斜） your head closer can show that you are listening. 　　Do not fold （交叉） your arms， look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets.These can show that you are uninterested.If you have any comments， you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows. 　　A lot of your body language can show how confident， interested， bored， angry or nervous you are.Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very interested in the conversation at hand. 　　You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize （强调） a point.If you’re enumerating （列举） things， it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track. 　　Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with.It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say. 　　Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries （界限） of body language through actual contact.Remember that in body language， it is your body that does the talking for you. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了身体语言在人们生活中的作用。 1.According to the text， if you find a listener raising his eyebrows， he may 　　　　.（　　） A.try to show his anger　　 B.want to give his own opinion C.not understand what you say　　 D.want to prove his confidence 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，如果你发现一位聆听者扬起眉毛，他可能想发表个人意见。 2.If you’re interested in the conversation when talking with the audience， you should behave in the following ways EXCEPT 　　　　.（　　） A.keeping eye contact as much as possible　　 B.nodding and tilting your head closer C.keeping your hands inside your pockets　　 D.keeping your head up 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，如果你对谈话感兴趣，应该尽可能多地在谈话中进行目光接触，以及点头或者将头部靠近，表示你在认真倾听，因此A、B两项表述正确。根据第五段最后一句可知，D项表述正确。 3.What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with？（　　） A.To walk at a slow pace.　　 B.To shake hands with every person. C.To look down at the floor.　　 D.To fold your arms. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果与你交流的人较多，建议你能慢慢移动步子去跟不同的人交流。 4.What is the most suitable title for the text？（　　） A.The Power of Body Language　　 B.The Attraction of Body Language C.The Origin of Body Language　　 D.The Understanding of Body Language 解析：A　标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了身体语言在人们生活中的作用，它可以帮助人们在交谈中反映他们的内心世界。因此A项（身势语的力量）最适合作文章标题。 B 　　When you have something meaningful to say， and your goal is to recreate your core idea inside your audience’s minds， how do you do that？ 　　Humans have developed a technology that makes this possible.It’s called language.It makes your brain do incredible things. 　　I want you to imagine an elephant， with its trunk painted bright red， waving it with the steps of a giant orange parrot dancing on the elephant’s head. 　　Wow！ You have just formed in your mind an image of something that has never existed in history.A single sentence can do that. 　　At Princeton University， Dr Uri Hasson has been doing groundbreaking research to try to discover how this process works.It’s possible to capture in real time the complex brain activity associated with building a concept or remembering a story.It requires a technology called fMRI. 　　In one experiment in 2015， Dr Hasson put a group of volunteers into fMRI machines and played them a 50-minute film that told a story.As they experienced the story， their brains’ response patterns were recorded.Some of those patterns could be matched across almost every volunteer， giving concrete physical evidence of the shared experience they were having.Then he asked the volunteers to record their own recollections of the film.Many of these recordings were quite detailed and lasted as long as 20 minutes. 　　Now — and this is the surprising part — he played those recordings to another group of volunteers who had never seen the film， and recorded their fMRI data.The patterns shown in the brains of the second set of volunteers， those who listened to the audio recollections only， matched those patterns shown in the minds of the first set of volunteers as they watched the movie！ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在与别人交流的过程中，“倾听”是最重要的，其他方式的效果都不好。 5.What does the author want to show by giving the example of an elephant？（　　） A.We have incredible brain.　　 B.We have active imagination. C.Sentences can be powerful.　　 D.Sentences are based on pictures. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，在谈话过程中，“倾听”是最有效的方法，很多时候它甚至比听明白更重要。 6.What was another group of volunteers asked to do？（　　） A.Retell a movie.　 B.Watch a movie. C.Make up a story.　 D.Listen to a story. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的we move the focus of attention to ourselves可知，打断对方说话，无非是把注意力移向自己，这向对方传递的信息就是：我们不在意他们的谈话内容。 7.What did Dr Hasson’s experiment find？（　　） A.The two groups had similar reaction. B.The two groups responded differently. C.The first group understood the film better. D.The second group provided more details. 解析：A　推理判断题。第三段谈到作者的个人经历，结合下文中的shut down （阻止）可知，当对方哭的时候递给对方纸巾，是想让对方停止“哭泣”。 8.What would be the best title for the passage？（　　） A.What Is fMRI？　　 B.How Does fMRI Work？ C.The Power of Language　　 D.The Importance of Imagination 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，虽然我们知道了“倾听”在谈话中很重要，但是要我们做到却很不容易，主要是因为这与我们从小所接受的教育相违背。 核心词汇集释 1.vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 教材原句　Just like spoken language， body language varies from culture to culture. 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。 【用法】 （1）vary from ...to ...　　由……到……不等 vary in ...　　在……（大小、形状等）上不同 vary from place to place　　因地而异 vary from person to person　　因人而异 （2）variety n.　　不同种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of　　种种；各种各样的 （3）various adj.　　各种各样的；多姿多彩的 【佳句】　（北师大选必一）Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change， as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases. 交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As in China， the climate in Canada 　varies　 （vary） depending on the area. ②Our Spoken English Club regularly organises 　various　 （vary） meaningful activities， encouraging us to speak English. 【写美】　一句多译 ③如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园等。 →If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange 　a variety of/varieties of/various　 activities， 　which vary from climbing the Great Wall to　 visiting the Summer Palace.（定语从句） →If you travel to Beijing， I will arrange 　a variety of/varieties of/various　 activities，　varying from climbing the Great Wall to　 visiting the Summer Palace.（非谓语动词作状语） 2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 教材原句　In other countries， by contrast， eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【用法】 （1）approve sth　　　批准/通过某事 approve of （sb/one’s） doing sth　　赞成/同意（某人）做某事 （2）approval n.　　赞成；同意；批准；通过 approving adj.　　赞许的；许可的 approvingly adv.　　赞许地；满意地 【佳句】　①I approve of your trying to earn some money， but please don’t neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱， 但是请不要耽误了你的学业。 ②It is just three months since we received official approval to go ahead with the project. 三个月前我们刚刚得到正式批准进行这个项目。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When he 　was approved　 （approve） as a volunteer on the farm， he felt very satisfied. ②My father nodded 　approvingly　 and gave his 　approval　 to my decision to go to the farm again.（approve） 【写美】　完成句子 ③父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。 The father 　approved of the twins preparing　 a Mother’s Day breakfast and offered to help them.When seeing the breakfast， the delighted mother 　gave the twins an approving look　. 3.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人 教材原句　In Japan， someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。 【用法】 （1）witness sth　　　　目击/目睹某事 （2）时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth　某时/某地见证了某事 （3）be （a） witness to sth　　目击/看见某事发生 【佳句】　We are witnessing the most important scientific development of the century. 我们正亲眼目睹本世纪最重要的科学发展。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The last ten years 　have witnessed　 （witness） great progress in space and sea exploration in our country. 【写美】　完成句子 ②你在比赛中的成功是你努力的见证。 Your success in the competition is 　a witness to your hard work　.　（祝贺信） 4.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同 教材原句　Elsewhere， people favour shaking hands， bowing from the waist， or nodding the head when they meet someone else.在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 【用法】 in favour of　　　支持，赞同 in sb’s favour　　对某人有利 do sb a favour　　帮某人个忙 ask sb a favour　　请某人帮个忙 【佳句】　I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play.　（求助信） 我想知道您是否能帮我个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren’t in favour 　of　 his opinion. ②It is a turning point.Things are starting to go 　in　 our favour. 【写美】　完成句子 ③毋庸置疑，机会往往垂青那些有准备的人。 Undoubtedly， opportunities 　tend to favour those　 who are ready/prepared.　（主旨升华） 5.break down 消除；（化学）分解；打破；（谈判）失败；（身体）垮掉；出故障 教材原句　A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以打破隔阂。 【用法】 break into　 　　破门进入；闯入 break out　　（战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生 break up　　结束；破裂 break through　　突破 break away from　　挣脱；摆脱（束缚或控制） 【佳句】　If you want to break down the misunderstanding， you should apologise to her face to face. 如果你想消除误会，就应该当面向她道歉。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①Your health will break down if you always stay up late.　　（身体）垮掉　 ②Plastic bags are difficult to break down.　　（化学）分解　 【写美】　完成句子 ③她正努力摆脱这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。 She is trying 　to break away from the bad habit　， which makes her parents happy. 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句　And if we are feeling down or lonely， there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 【用法】 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构： （1）“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等； （2）“can/could＋never/not ...enough/too ...”意为“再……也不过分”。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①如果你能给我提供一些相关建议就最好不过了。 It 　couldn’t be better　 if you could offer me some relevant proposals. ②She is the most hard-working student in her class. →　No one is more hard-working than her　 in her class.（否定词＋比较级） Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official 　approval　 （批准）. 2.The club provides a wide 　variety　 （不同种类） of activities， including tennis and swimming. 3.More scientists are 　employing　 （应用） the technology to develop new medicines. 4.The questions that the police ask 　witnesses　 （证人） also have an effect on them. 5.The study also 　demonstrated　 （证明） a direct link between obesity and mortality. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.做饭的时候要留神睡觉的婴儿。 Keep an eye on the sleeping baby 　while （you are） cooking　. 2.就我个人而言，没 有比接受教育更重要的事。 As far as I’m concerned， nothing is 　more important than to receive education　. 3.我不喜欢她和她父母说话的方式。 I don’t like 　the way she speaks to her parents　. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.In the old west many people were tricked into buying 　fake　 （假的） gold mines. 2.They offered different 　assessments　 （评价） of the situation on the ground. 3.He was able to hold back his 　anger　 （怒气） and avoid a fight. 4.His bad behaviour was just an isolated 　incident　 （严重事件）. 5.Then you have to take action to remove the 　barriers　 （障碍） and go after what you want. 6.Only use these 　gestures　 （手势） when you’re in the presence of close friends. 7.The two pictures are similar， although not 　identical　 （相同的）. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Beijing is filled with people from 　various　 （vary） parts of China. 2.From the appearance， we cannot tell the 　differences　 between the twins， though they always have some 　different　 ideas.And as for this phenomenon， ideas 　differ　 among many people.（differ） 3.The agreement 　was approved　 （approve） before the meeting came to an end. 4.The last thirty years 　have witnessed　 （witness） a large number of laws guaranteeing our rights. 5.—How long have you 　been employed　 （employ） at this job？ —Since 2019. 6.The two countries are going to meet to break 　down　 some barriers to trade between them. 7.If you match that glove against this， you will find that one is 　slightly　 （slight） lighter than the other. 8.There is nothing 　better　 （good） than a girl finding out something good about you through a friend. 9.Do we have any means to adjust our research 　appropriately　 （appropriate） with our understanding of those risks？ Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。 No other book has 　had a greater effect on　 my life. 2.这家企业的损失估计达2，560，000英镑。 The loss of the business 　was assessed at　 ￡2.56 million. 3.她那身朴素的衣服不适合那样正式的宴会。 Her plain clothes 　were not appropriate for　 the very formal party. 4.警方只能把门撞开，进入公寓。 Police had to 　break down the door　 to get into the flat. 5.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。 I don’t like the way 　that/in which he laughed at me　. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.employ A.使用；利用　　　 B.雇用　　　　C.忙于 ①When did the company start to employ new people？　　　B　　 ②Every day I employ myself in doing homework.　　　C　　 ③He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem.　　　A　　 2.break down A.（谈判）失败　　 B.消除　　　C.出故障 D.（身体）垮掉　　E.分解 ①My car broke down on the way to the airport.　　　C　 ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.　　　A　 ③In other words， your health will break down if you work too hard.　　　D　 ④You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time.　　　E　 ⑤Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.　　　B　　 快速阅读下面的句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的汉语意思 3.Of the two ways of sharing books，the latter wins my favour.　　n.赞同　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Amy Cuddy， a Harvard psychologist， has devoted her studies to the influence body language that has on your confidence ...and finally， success.Her biggest findings center on the powerful effects of positive body language.Positive body language includes things like proper eye contact， active listening， and gestures that show the message you’re trying to express.Studies show that people who use positive body language are more likable （讨人喜欢的）， persuasive， and emotionally intelligent.Here’s how it works. 　　Positive body language changes your attitude.Cuddy found that consciously （有意识地） changing your body language to make it more positive improves your attitude because it has a powerful influence on your body. 　　It makes you more likable.In a Tufts University study， people watched soundless videos of doctors interacting with their patients.Just by observing the doctors’ body language， people were able to guess which doctors ended up getting complained about by their patients.Body language plays a big role in how you’re viewed and can be more important than your voice or even what you say.Learning to use positive body language will make people like you and trust you more. 　　It improves your emotional intelligence.Your ability to effectively communicate your emotions and ideas is central to your emotional intelligence.People whose body language is negative have a destructive effect on those around them.Working to improve your body language has a great effect on your emotional intelligence. 　　We often think of body language as the result of our attitude or how we feel.This is true， but psychologists have also shown that the opposite is true：changing your body language changes your attitude. 　　Have you felt the influence of changing your body language？ Please click the link below to turn to the comments page and share your thoughts there， so I can learn just as much from you as you do from me. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。肢体语言通常被认为是我们观点和感受的表达，但反过来，肢体语言的正确表达也可以改变我们的观点和感受，使我们更受喜欢。 1.What is Cuddy’s biggest finding？（　　） A.Soundless videos are good for observing body language. B.Positive body language makes people become smarter. C.Positive body language brings people many benefits. D.People’s emotions greatly affect their body language. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Cuddy的研究发现肢体语言尤其是积极的肢体语言带给人们很多益处。 2.Why does developing positive body language improve one’s attitude？（　　） A.It affects one’s body greatly.　 B.It decides how one is viewed. C.It makes one more reliable.　 D.It makes one more emotionally intelligent. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的because it has a powerful influence on your body可知，A项是其原因。 3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “interacting” in paragraph 3？（　　） A.playing　 B.communicating　　 C.fighting　 D.arguing 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，医生跟病人之间有很多肢体语言的互动，所以他们应该是在“交流”。 4.What can be inferred from the passage？（　　） A.Emotional improvement totally depends on body language. B.The author thinks it useless to change one’s body language. C.People with positive body language are probably more successful. D.Changing body language is widely known to change one’s attitude. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Cuddy研究的重点就是积极的肢体语言对诸如自信与成功的影响，下文又提到积极的肢体语言会使人更受喜欢和值得信赖，使人情商更高。由此推断，积极的肢体语言有助于成功。 B 　　Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example， in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion across cultures.For example， many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places （although this is less common in big cities）.Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places；some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures， a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. 　　Our faces show emotions， but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather， there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example， in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends， Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. 　　It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits， we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们应该如何正确“解读”来自不同文化背景下的面部表情呢？ 5.What does the smile usually mean in the US？（　　） A.Love.　 B.Politeness.　　 C.Joy.　 D.Thankfulness. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国文化中微笑是高兴的体现。 6.What does the author want to prove by mentioning the smile of the Vietnamese？（　　） A.A smile can show friendliness to strangers.　　 B.A smile can be used to hide true feelings. C.A smile can be used in the wrong places.　　 D.A smile can show personal habits. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者以越南人为例想表明在东南亚的文化中，微笑常常用来掩盖痛苦的情感。 7.What should we do before attempting to “read” people？（　　） A.Learn about their relations with others.　　 B.Understand their cultural backgrounds. C.Find out about their past experiences.　　 D.Figure out what they will do next. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，我们不能用“解读”自己（国家）文化中成员的方法去“解读”其他（国家）文化中的成员。因此在“解读”之前我们首先应了解他们的文化背景。 8.What would be the best title for the text？（　　） A.Cultural Differences　　 B.Smiles and Relationships C.Facial Expressiveness　　 D.Habits and Emotions 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文章第一句可知，本文主要论述了面部表情。因此C项为本文的最佳标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Nonviolent communication is a communication strategy that focuses on honestly expressing your deepest feelings and needs to someone， and being able to empathetically listen to theirs.9.（　　）： 　　Observations 　　Making observations involves describing the objective， factual elements of a situation without any judgment.It focuses on what can be observed rather than assumed or interpreted， which can sometimes be incorrect.Reserving judgment can help prevent defensiveness and gives your partner room to open up to you. 　　Example 　　Instead of：“10.（　　）.” Try saying：“I noticed that during our conversation yesterday， you were looking at your phone and weren’t responding to me.” 　　Feelings 　　Identifying and expressing your emotions can help you understand yourself and connect with your partner.11.（　　）.This process involves exploring how your partner’s words and actions affect your feelings.However， it’s important to take ownership of your feelings， rather than attributing them to your partner. 　　Example 　　Instead of：“You make me angry when you cancel plans.” Try saying：“I felt sad and disappointed when our plans got canceled because I was really excited to see you.” 　　Needs 　　Introspection （反省） can help you understand your deepest needs.Once you’ve identified your needs， it’s important to learn how to express them without blaming or criticizing the other person. 　　Example 　　Instead of：“12.（　　）.” Try saying：“I need more quality time and intimacy （亲密） in our relationship.” 　　Requests 　　Making clear， specific， and doable requests allows you to ask your partner for what you need.The key is to orient your requests around what you need instead of making demands or complaining about things you dislike. 　　Example 　　Instead of：“You never have time for me.” Try saying：“13.（　　）？ I would love to spend some quality time together.” A.You always ignore me B.Could you do me a favour C.You never spend time with me D.Could we go out this Friday evening E.Violent communication is very common in our lives F.Nonviolent communication consists of four components G.It can help your partner understand your experiences and recognise your needs 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。非暴力沟通是一种沟通策略，专注于诚实地表达你最深的感受和需求，并能够同情地倾听他们的意见。 9.F　本文首段简要介绍了“非暴力沟通”这一概念，下文详细阐述了它的四个组成部分，故F项（非暴力沟通由四个部分组成）符合语境。 10.A　根据下文you were looking at your phone and weren’t responding to me可知，A项（你总是忽略我）符合语境。 11.G　这里上下文都在强调通过准确表达你的情感来跟你的同伴建立联系，故G项（它可以帮助你的搭档理解你的经历并认识到你的需要）符合语境。 12.C　根据语境可知，下句I need more quality time and intimacy （亲密） in our relationship.是对设空处句子的委婉表达方式，故C项符合语境。 13.D　这里作者不主张我们说You never have time for me.，而是建议我们采取更委婉、更温和的表达方式，故D项（本周五晚上我们可以出去吗）符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　It may be difficult to understand non-verbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact， physical 　14　， etc. 　　Let’s consider eye contact.Children from many Latin American and Asian 　15　 show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons.A teacher who’s 　16　 with this， however， might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect.For many American Indian children， 　17　 a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”. 　　Culture greatly 　18　 attitudes towards physical contact， whether it’s a handshake， hug， or pat on the back.In Asia， female friends 　19　 hold hands and men casually （随便地） hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans， however， may feel 　20　 with such public behavior.In some Asian cultures， affectionately patting an adult’s head is strictly taboo （禁忌的）， 　21　 it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children. 　　How 　22　 should people stand to each other when they’re having a conversation？ In areas of the Middle East and South America， people stand very close when 　23　.Europeans like to have more distance between them， while some Africans 　24　 even more space.You can create great discomfort by standing too close to another person.Not being 　25　 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 　26　 the ideas you’re trying to get across. 　　To create a positive environment for communication， your non-verbal message must closely 　27　 your verbal message.One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and behave around each other and with people they respect.This can 　28　 clues about the true meaning of their non-verbal interactions. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的文化对眼神交流、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。 14.A.exercise　 B.touch C.education　 D.strength 解析：B　physical touch身体接触。根据第三段中physical contact可得到提示。 15.A.schools　 B.villages　　 C.homelands　 D.cultures 解析：D　第一段已提到不同文化中人们对眼神交流、身体接触等有不同的期待。此处是举例说明。 16.A.uncertain　 B.angry　　 C.unfamiliar　 D.popular 解析：C　在拉丁美洲和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with对……不熟悉。 17.A.seeing　 B.staring at　　 C.looking　 D.glancing at 解析：C　look sb in the eye直视某人。 18.A.influences　 B.supports　　 C.observes　 D.reduces 解析：A　文章首段说“不同的文化对眼神交流、身体接触等有不同的期待”，第二段讲眼神交流在不同文化中的不同理解，本段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的表现，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。 19.A.never　 B.often　　 C.seldom　 D.sometimes 解析：B　由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱彼此，所以女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。 20.A.pleased　 B.comfortable　　 C.mad　 D.uncomfortable 解析：D　根据however可知，在亚洲文化中很自然的行为，在美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。 21.A.because　 B.although　　 C.unless　 D.if 解析：B　前后之间是让步关系，故用although。 22.A.far　 B.closely　　 C.properly　 D.close 解析：D　根据下文中的people stand very close、 distance以及standing too close等可知，本段是谈人与人谈话时，站立相隔的距离多少合适。 23.A.talking　 B.eating　　 C.waiting　 D.listening 解析：A　此处when talking与前一句的when they’re having a conversation相照应，属于同义复现。 24.A.hate　 B.prefer　　 C.wish　 D.dream 解析：B　该句中的while表示两种情况的对照。欧洲人喜欢……，而非洲人更喜欢距离再远一些。 25.A.afraid　 B.ashamed　　 C.proud　 D.aware 解析：D　要清楚谈话时与对方站立的间距，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意识到，知道；be afraid of害怕；be ashamed of以……为羞愧；be proud of以……自豪。 26.A.suggesting　 B.considering　　 C.refusing　 D.accepting 解析：D　此空前的or表示选择关系，说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的身体间距甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。 27.A.pass　 B.explain　　 C.match　 D.prepare 解析：C　非语言信息与语言信息要相匹配，要一致。 28.A.provide　 B.support　　 C.prove　 D.search 解析：A　这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言互动提供线索。 2 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $