第02讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(二)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项

2026-08-06
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摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦定语从句关系词省略与先行词判断核心考点,依据“五步四层剥离法”构建句子分析框架,通过2024-2025年新高考真题典例解析,系统梳理限制性与非限制性定语从句、关系词功能及先行词判断等考查要求,教学流程涵盖考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练与写作迁移,帮助学生突破关系词使用难点,体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“五步四层剥离法”与分层练习设计,如典例分析中通过树状结构图可视化句子层次,培养学生逻辑思维品质;仿写练习结合语法填空与写作迁移,提升语言理解与表达能力,确保学生在有限时间内掌握考点应用。分层练习与即时反馈机制为教师精准把控复习节奏提供有力支持,有效提升学生应考能力。

内容正文:

Day 2 · 定语从句(二) —— 关系词省略与先行词判断 目录 一、 典例分析 1 二、 仿写练习 5 1. 语法填空与仿写练习 5 2. 答案解析与仿写参考 7 3. 写作迁移 8 阶段目标:通过“五步四层剥离法”完成句子分析,掌握关系词省略的基本原则。 1、 典例分析 ⭐ 例1(2024新高考I卷·语法填空) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:4个(stands, retracing, brought, to come) 结构类型:限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the Silk Route” ② 第一层(并列切分):无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement. 不定式作目的状语:to house the plants 限制性定语从句:______ brought the plants from their native habitat → 修饰the Silk Route 先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用which或that引导 关系词在从句中作主语,不可省略 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): in contemporary design → 介词短语作定语,修饰achievement at the end of a path → 介词短语作地点状语 retracing the steps along the Silk Route → 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰path from their native habitat in Asia → 介词短语作状语 to come to define... → 不定式作结果状语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:The Glasshouse stands. 目的状语:to house the plants. 定语从句:which/that brought the plants. 树状结构图: [The Glasshouse] [stands] [as a great achievement in contemporary design] └── [to house the plants of the southwestern part of China] [不定式作目的状语] └── [at the end of a path] [地点状语] └── [retracing the steps along the Silk Route] [现在分词作后置定语,修饰path] └── [______ brought the plants from their native habitat] [限制性定语从句,修饰the Silk Route,关系词作主语] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which或that,不可省略 the Silk Route为“丝绸之路”,先行词是物不是地点,若从句缺主语(brought缺主语),不用where ⭐ 例2(2024新高考II卷·语法填空·复现) 原句: Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.  ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(commemorating, is known, add) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Tang Xianzu” ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:Chinese cultural elements add an international character. 非限制性定语从句:______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia” → 修饰Tang Xianzu 先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导 非限制性定语从句不可用that ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): commemorating Tang Xianzu → 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰elements to Stratford-upon-Avon → 介词短语作状语 William Shakespeare's hometown → 同位语,解释Stratford-upon-Avon ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:elements add character. 定语从句:who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”. 树状结构图: [Chinese cultural elements] [add] [character] [to Stratford-upon-Avon] └── [commemorating Tang Xianzu] [现在分词作后置定语] └── [, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”] [非限制性定语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词指人,用who(作主语)或whom(作宾语) 非限制性定语从句中,指人不可以用that ⭐ 例3(2024新高考II卷·语法填空·复现) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ______ will make them the most money.  ⚠️ 核心考点:① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:3个(are, price, will make) 结构类型:限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the way” ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:shops price goods in the way. 限制性定语从句:______ will make them the most money → 修饰the way 先行词the way,关系词在从句中作主语,可用that或which引导 注意:the way后关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略,但本句中关系词作主语,不可省略 ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): Of course → 插入语 not charities → 表语 破折号后为解释说明 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:shops price goods in the way. 定语从句:that/which will make them money. the way后关系词作主语不可省略;作宾语时可省略 比较:I like the way (that/in which) he talks.(作状语,可省略)vs本题(作主语,不可省略) ⭐ 例4(2025新高考II卷·语法填空) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.  ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:4个(live, grow, are, doesn't exist) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the countryside” ② 第一层(并列切分): 定语从句内部包含三个并列分句: bamboo and tea bushes grow wild chickens are always free-range central heating doesn’t exist ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:I live in the countryside. 非限制性定语从句:______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild... → 修饰the countryside 先行词指地点(the countryside),关系词在从句中作地点状语(= in the countryside),用where引导 区分where和which:从句缺状语用where,缺主语/宾语用which ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): of Zhejiang, China → 介词短语作定语,修饰countryside with my Chinese husband and his family → 介词短语作伴随状语 in the mountains → 介词短语作地点状语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:I live in the countryside. 定语从句:bamboo and tea bushes grow wild there. 树状结构图: [I] [live] [in the countryside of Zhejiang, China] [with my Chinese husband and his family] └── [, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist] [非限制性定语从句,修饰the countryside,关系词作地点状语] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词表示地点,且在从句中作地点状语时,用关系副词where 区分where和which:若从句缺主语/宾语用which,缺状语用where ⭐ 例5(2024全国甲卷·语法填空) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  ① 全句观: 连词数:1个(横线处)| 动词数:4个(was, became, took) 结构类型:非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Wrangell-Saint Elias” ② 第一层(并列切分): 无并列连词 主句包含until引导的时间状语从句 ③ 第二层(主从定位): 主句主干:Yellowstone was the largest park. 时间状语从句(until引导):until Wrangell-Saint Elias became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 非限制性定语从句:______ became a national monument in 1978 → 修饰Wrangell-Saint Elias 先行词指地名(阿拉斯加南部的“兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯”),但关系词在从句中作主语(became的主语),故用which,不用where ④ 第三层(修饰剥离): 2.2 million acres → 同位语,补充说明面积 in southern Alaska → 介词短语作定语,修饰Wrangell-Saint Elias with 12.3 million acres → 介词短语作状语 ⑤ 第四层(最小单元): 主句:Yellowstone was the park. 时间状语从句:Wrangell-Saint Elias became a monument. 定语从句:which became a monument. 树状结构图: [Yellowstone] [was] [the largest national park] └── [until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska] [时间状语从句] └── [, ______ became a national monument in 1978] [非限制性定语从句] ⚠️ 核心考点: 先行词表地点,但关系词在从句中作主语时,用which,不用where 判断标准:看从句缺什么成分——缺主语/宾语用which,缺状语用where 2、 仿写练习 1. 语法填空与仿写练习 ⭐ 语法填空1 原句(2024新高考I卷·语法填空): The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词(可多选):________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 横线处的关系词在从句中作什么成分? ________________________ ④ 能否省略?为什么? ________________________________________ ⑤ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空2 原句(2024全国甲卷·语法填空): Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词:________________________ ② 判断该从句是限制性还是非限制性: ________________________ ③ 先行词Wrangell-Saint Elias表示地点,为什么不用where? ______ ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空3 原句(2024新高考II卷·语法填空): Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. ① 请在横线上填入正确的关系词(可多选):________________________ ② 横线处的关系词能否省略?为什么? ________________________ ③ 比较:I like the way _________ he talks. 该句横线处应填什么?能否省略? ④ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 语法填空2 原句(2025全国I卷·阅读B篇): In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy _________ saved his town, a strict father _________ demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet _________ died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. ① 请在三个横线上填入正确的关系词:________________________ ② 第二个定语从句中,为什么demand后用earn而非earns? ________ ③ 翻译全句: ________________________________________________ ⭐ 仿写任务5 任务说明: 请根据以下中文提示,写一段话(不少于50词),描述你的一位老师或朋友,至少使用2个定语从句,并至少尝试省略一次关系词。 提示: 描述一位你敬佩的老师或朋友,包括他/她的性格特点以及对你产生的影响。 句式参考: The teacher (that) I admire most is... / He is the person who... 你的仿写: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 答案解析与仿写参考 ⭐ 练1 参考答案 ① 答案: which / that ② 限制性定语从句(无逗号) ③ 在从句中作主语(brought的主语) ④ 不能省略(关系词在从句中作主语时不可省略) ⑤ 翻译: 这座玻璃温室是当代设计的伟大成就,它将中国西南部的植物安置在一条小路的尽头——这条小路追溯丝绸之路的足迹,而丝绸之路将这些植物从亚洲原生境带来,极大地丰富了英国的园艺。 ⭐ 练2 参考答案 ① 答案: which ② 非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开) ③ 虽然在语法上先行词表示地点,但关系词在从句中作主语(became的主语),而不是地点状语,因此用which,不用where ④ 翻译: 黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园——占地220万英亩——直到位于阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯于1978年成为国家纪念地,1980年以1230万英亩的规模摘得国家公园的桂冠。 ⭐ 练3 参考答案 ① 答案: that / which ② 不能省略(关系词在从句中作主语will make的主语) ③ I like the way (that/in which) he talks. 横线处可填that/in which,也可省略(关系词在从句中作状语**,可省略) ④ 翻译: 当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最能赚钱的方式给商品定价。 ⭐ 练4 参考答案 ① 答案: who / who / who ② demand + that + (should) + 动词原形,从句用虚拟语气,省略了should,故用earn而非earns ③ 翻译: 去年在九年级的写作课上,我笔下诞生过拯救小镇的牛仔、要求儿子门门拿A的严父,还有一位现代版朱丽叶——因父母扼杀她年少挚爱而心碎致死。 ⭐ 练5 仿写参考 ① My English teacher, who has a great sense of humor, always makes his classes lively and interesting. The advice that he gave me about learning English has been invaluable. He is the person who inspired me to read extensively and to express myself confidently in writing. ② My best friend, who I met in high school, is the most supportive person I know. The encouragement (that) she offers me whenever I feel down has helped me get through many difficult times. 3. 写作迁移 任务: 用定语从句写一段话(不少于50词),描述一位对你影响最大的老师。至少使用2个定语从句,并至少尝试省略一次关系词。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 写作示范: My English teacher, who has a great sense of humor, always makes his classes lively and interesting. The advice (that) he gave me about learning English has been invaluable. He is the person who inspired me to read extensively and to express myself confidently in writing. (47 words) 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第02讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(二)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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第02讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(二)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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第02讲-长难句讲义 定语从句(二)-2027年高三英语一轮复习专项
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